InteUtgetuer & Jontal.
G EO. -SAN VERSON, EDITOR.
Lancaster, Decentber 20,1853.
County committee Neethig.
The Democratic County;Commitbee of Lancaster
County, are yequerted to meet at the.public him&
of Jacob Ziegler ill the city of Lancaster ' on WED.
NESDAY the 18th of January, 1854, at 11 o'clock
A geqpral and punctual attendance is. re.
spectfiully requested.
HIRAM B. SWARR, Chairman.
Lancaster, Dec. 20th, 1863.
[The names of the Comraittee will be given nes
week.]
A Base Falsehood.
We read some eight or ten days ago, what pm ,
ported to be an extract from the New York Na..
tional True Democrat, in which, amongst other
equally unfounded assertions against Mr. BOCELUK
.Ast,now at Lottdon,it is broadly alleged that he so
licited the appointment of Minister to England.
This allegation, from our own personal knowl
edge, we pronounce basely and .unqualifiedly falu
in every particular, and we dare the enemies of
Mr. B. at home in his own State, or abroad in oth
er States, to the proof of their dastardly 'and ungen
tlemanly attack upon an absent statesman. The mis
sion was a voluntary tender on the part of the Presi
ident, and we know that it was with great relue•
tance Mr. B. consented to its acceptance and sailed
for England. We do not speak at random is this
'matter, and'if such uncalled for and unjustifiable as.
emits are repeated, in New York or elsewhere, it
may be necessary hereafter to show from the re.
cord what are the real facts of the case. Mr. B's
friends desire peace; but if these rude / and villain
ous attacks are to be continued upon him they
wish to know it at once—and if the war is to go
on, they pledge themselves neither to give nor take
quarter.
Printer to the Senate.
On yesterday week, the U.S. Senate elected %T-
Ina: Ttrcxisa, req., (of the Washington Sentinel,)
Printer for that body, over Gen. ARMSTRONG, (of
the Union,) the veteran soldier and well beloved
friend of Gen. JACMION. The vote stood, it is said,
(for it was done in secret,) 26 for Tucker to 17 for
Armstrong. The vote for the former was made
up by a union of 14.Whies, 3 Abolitionists and 9
Democrats. The vote for Armstrong '*ll2l corn
poseof 16 Democrats and 1 Whig. Seventeen
members of the body not present.
Of course, honorable Senators have a right to
make their own selection—buLthe people have an
equal right to know how the matter has been done,
and the way their representatives vcitSd. This they
must remain in ignorance of, so long as the injunc
tion of secrecy is not removed from the Senate's
proceedings: We are in favor of all these things,
whether in caucus or in regular session, being done
openly and above board. To r say the least of it,
this secret balloting has a cowardly look about it,
and should be done away with in a representative
government like our's. If Senators intend to apply
the guillotine, let them act as men and not be afraid
to make their positions known; and if nine Demo.
cratic Senators choose to cut loose from a large
majority of their own party friends, and form a coa
lition with the Whigs and Abolitionists of the body,
be it so, but let them not attempt to screen them
selves from the consequences by a secret ballot.
The thing, however, hap leaked out by some
means ; for the Washington Star furnishes the pub.
lie with - the names of the Democratic members
who voted for Mr. TIICLIII, as follows: Messrs.
Weller, Bright, James, Evans,' Atchinson, Brodhead ,
Wright, Mason and• Hunter.
The following Democratic Senators voted for
Gen. Anissaitmao, viz: Messrs. Cass, Douglas, Sli
dell, Johnson, Gwinn, Pettit, Dodge, Jr., Dodge, Sr.
Hamlin, Walker, Stuart, Adams, Norris, Williams:
Allen and Shields.
The subjoined remarks, made by Mr. Dodge, of
lowa, at the close of the day's session, is to the
point exactly, and is a brief exposition of the true
Democratic doctrine
At the conclusion, Mr. Dodge, of lowa, made
some remarks to the effect that he should move
hereafter that the officers of the Senate be elected
openly, instead of by ballot. The people were their
sovereigns, and desired to know how they voted on
all matters in which they took an interest. He
considered the election which had that day taken
place for public printer anything but compliment
ary to the organization of the Democratic party,
and concluded by observing the people of lowa have
a right , to-know how I voted. I voted for Robert
Armstrong.
Hon. H. A. MITHLYNBZUG.—We are gratified to
learn that this gentleman, the . Representative in
Congress firm the Berke district, is recovering from
the serious illness (typhoid fever) which threaten
ed his life a few days ago. He has,been ill for the
last ten days or two weeks, but is now considered
out of danger. Such are the latest advices from
Washington.
Congressional.
A bill has already been introduced for extending
the benefit of the Pension Laws to all who served
in the last war with Great Britain and in the In
dian wars prior thereto—also, a Homestead bill—
several bills granting lands to States for railroads
—a resolution in favor of a railroad to the Pacific
—a bill providing for the appointment of Assistant
.Secretary of the Treasury by the President and Sen
ate—also, to establish a line of mail steamers from
san.Francisco to Shanghai, via the Sandwich Isl
ands—to reduce and graduatefthe price of the pub
lic lands—granting remedies to patentees—to or
ganize the Territory of Nebraska—to extend the
time for paying duties on railroad iron—to estab
lish ast Agricultural Department of the Government
—to pay the French spoliations—to pay the fourth
insmen t of surplus revenue to the States, under
the act of 1836—t0 purchase the Mount Vernon
estate, with several other bills of minor importance.
On motion of Gen. Cass, , a resolution was adop.
ted by the Senate, calling upon the Presidet for all
the correspondence between Great Britain and the
United States, growing out of the Clayton—Buiwer
treaty cvf 1850';and touching upon the vexed ques
tion of the Fisheries. When this question comes
up in the Senate, it will doubtless give rise to a
protracted debate, inasmuch as Mr. CLAYTON is
now a member of that body, and will make a pow
erful effort to defend his course while Secretary of
State.
Both houses adjourned over from Thursday until
yesterday.
ECU The New Jersey Railroad Company have
tendered a free passage from New York to Phila.
delphia, to the soldiers of the war of 1812 who
desire to attend the Convention to be held in the
latter mentioned city, on the Bth of January. We
are pleased to see this, and hope the same courtesy
will be extended on all other railroads leading to
Philadelphia.' The surviving veterans of that war
are man t 'of them poor, and consequently unable
to bear he expense of railroad fare, should they
desire to be present; and as they risked their lives
in their country's service forty years ago, we think
that'country ought now to show them all the kind
ness in its power.
117" Hon. J.GLsoszy Joszs, of Reading, is favor
ably spoken of in several quarters for the office of
State Treasurer. He would make a capital officer.
LP Hon. Saltust. A. llamas, M. C., will ac
cept our thanks for an early copy of the President's.
Message. s'
Moat; Goan.—The steamship Star of' the West
from San Juan, arrived at New York, on Tuesday
last— bringing/ the California mails, 406 passengers,
and $1,608,20 in gold dust.
MrThe Borough of Lebanon is, at this time, in
fested with incendiaries. A police has been estab:
tidied to keep a watch over, the town.
Er Min ANTOIIIZTTE L. 'BROWN lectures. this
evening, in Fulton Hall. '
Important, t 1 true.
The New York Herald has special information
upon which it places entire seliame, s that cniAhe
-eleventh day of Novernber;m the - city of London,
a most important treaty of alliance wan weld to
and signed by. , CoOnt Walewski on the part of
France, and Lord Clarendon on: the- part of Eng
landrin referenie to the Truitish question. The.
treats thus concluded between the high contracting
parties of England and France was despatched im
mediately by couriers to Berlin and Vienna, with
an intimation that from the day of its arrival at
each of these capitals asperiod of seven dip worild
be allowed to the cabinets of Prussia and of Aus
tria to determine upon their assent or refusal to en
ter into an arrangement. If agreed to, well and
good; it rejected, it was to be understood that France
and England would take the settlement and the re.-
sponsibilities of this Eastern controversy into.their ,
own hands. It is further understood that from the
- terms of this treaty, Russia will be required forth
with to evacuate the Danubian Principalities; or
that, in refusing, she hazards the momentous con
sequence of an immediate joint declaration of war
from England and France. And as the shortest road
to peace, when once this declaration is made, the
Herald thinks we may safely assume that the active
operations of the allies against Russia will be of the
most effective and formidable description, by land
and sea. We may count upon the movement of
200,000 Frenchmen, in the highest state of equip
ment and discipline, across the Rhine and the Alps,
to compel Austria and Prussia to show their hands
We may also expect a simultaneous movement of
the French and English Fleets near Constantinople
into the Black Sea, and that the extermination of
the Russians in those waters will speedily follow;
While, unless prevented by the freeling of the Bal.
tic, another squadron of the allies will no doubt at
the same time set sail for the latitude of St. Peters
burg. This positiVe and warlike alliance between
France and England is due, first, to the unmistake
able wishes of the Fiench army, the French people
and the natural iuclinations of the Napolean dy
nasty, resting as it does, upon the glories and una
venged disasters of the empire. Secondly, this al
liance against the timid and trifling expedients of
Lord Aberdeen is due to the force of the public
opinion of England, which is beginning to have a
voice even in the foreign policy of the government
upon questions of such import as this Eastern strug
gle. Thus a programme of prospective military
operations is opened before us of the most startling
and imposing grandeur.
Turkey and Russia.
The London Sun says "as inaugurative of the
campaign of 1853-1854, nothing could have been
more propitious for the Toils - than the memorable
victories of Oltenitza. The importance of these
successes may at length be correctly appreciated. It
is possible to detect the real magnitude of the ad
vantages thereby gained by the forces of the Sultan
Abdul-Mejid, penetrating, as our glance can now
do, through the smoke of the battle and the inevi
table clouds of vague and contradictory misrepre
sentation. It may at last be recognised how im
porfant are these earlier results of a struggle be
tween Russia and Turkey, when it is learned that
2700 Osmanlis have routed, as they actually did
route, 8000 Muscovites. Such, in reality, were the
disproportioned forces opposed to each other on the
4th ult, at Oltenitza. No wonder, after that bril
liant achievement, that the Mussulmen are said to
be inspired with the utmost confidence in the effi
ciency of their own armaments. No wonder they
are described as placing the most implicit reliaace
in their Commander-in-Chief. No wonder their en
thusiasm is spoken of as yet more animated than
before they were enabled to cross swords with
their antagonists. As a mark of distinguish
ed approbation, it is gratifying to observe, that the
rank of a full colonelcy was awarded to Halil Pa
cha on the field of battle, in recognition of the valor
and ability displayed by him throughout the strug
gle at Oltenitza. Such were the sentiments of con
fidence and exultation awakened among the soldiers
of the Crescent in their first and signally victorious
engagement.
I It signifies little, comparatively speaking, that
the Turkish forces were, later on, placed in a posi
tion that rendered it advisable for them to retire to
the right bank of the Danube, so as to avoid any
collision with a preposterous superiority of num
bers. That withdrawal of the triumphant division
from Oltenitza to Turtukai, was nothing more than
a simple stragetic- movement. It was consequent
upon the concentration of the Russians under Gort
zchakoff, south of Bucharest, and the advance of an
enormous body of troops under Osten Sachen from
the northern boundary of Moldavia. However for
midable these changes of position on the part of the
soldiers of the Autocrat, they are happily compen
sated for on the side of the Osmanlis by the satis
factory establishment of their main army at gala
fat, and by the exhilaration of spirits consequent
upon the successive triumphs achieved before Olten
itza. Notwithstanding the advance of the autum
nal season, these remarkable movements have
throughout been most rapidly accomplished, evi
dencing in that the fury raging among the belliger
ents—on the one side the fury of fanaticism, and
on the other that of patriotic devotion. Now—
while the war is devastating the Danubian Pried.
palities—while it is obvious that the question at ie
iue must be arranged by force of arms, and not by
negotiation—let it be especially remembered by
the people of France and England that Omer Pacha
has declared, and declared with truth, that whereas
of old the: Turks fought solely for conquest, and iu
doing, so, undoubtedly committed great barbarities
they have now drawn the sword in defence of lib
erty and civilization I"
THE CHEESE THADE.--The Cincinnati Price
Current publishes a statistical article on the pres
ent extent and future increase of the Cheese Trade,
from which we gather some facts well calculated
to surprise those who have not had their attention
particularly directed to the value'and extent of this
branch of diary produce. During the year 1850 it
appears there were produced in the United States
one hundred and thirteen millions of pounds of cheese ,
and this enormous product was nearly all required
to meet the demand for home consumption—the to.
tal export amountindto less than nine millions of
pounds. No statement is given of the aggregate
increase of-the trade, but from the comparative sta
tistics given of the receipts at the cities of New
York and Cincinnati an idea may be gained of
what that increase is. In 1834 the receipts at New
York city were 6,340,000 pounds; in 1844 they
were 29,672,000 pounds; and in 1850 they were
42,097,000 pounds. At Cincinatti the receipts in
1847 were 4,895,730 pounds, and in 1851 . they
wgre 8,884,640 pouuds—an increase which nearly
doubles itself in four years. The trade, the editor
of the Price Current, considers yet in its infancy;
and predicts that in ten years the receipts at Cin
cinnati Will increase to to thirty millions of pounds.
The produce of cheese is very unequally divided
among the several States.' By far the larger part
of the whole comes from the States of New York
and Ohio—the former producing over forty-nine
millions and the latter over twenty one millions of
pounds. Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut
Pennsylvania, Michigan and Illinois follow next
among the largest producers. Of the other States
none produce a million of pounds, The quantity
produced in the Southern Statesisl, very small in
proportion to their population and territorial extent -
Maryland produces but 3,925 pounds, North Caro.
lina 95,042 pounds, add South Carolina 4,810 lbs.
Virginia ranks first among the Southern States, her
product a - mowing to 434,850 pounds.
j The Warm:Darr will be ' - about with their
Address, on Monday morning next. We trust our
citizens will greet them with a hearty welcome
and give them liberal contributions. They richly
deserve all they can get.
Gov. Disler and the State- Debt.
,-,.'When Governor Itigkircameintooffias,liefnaid
** North Blanch Will and the Mciuntaln Bad
,
road in-_progresa,ofcoastruition.' A large lam had
,
ten aliready sap etifed which must he lost unlike .
thfse Work - 0e completed. 7. The BrinchCa
.
nal may DOWbe resealed a* finished, and 'we are
_ ,
warranted in. anticipatml,g.- handsome .revenue
from it during the next season. To cMutumate the
early iompletion of this important branch of the
State improvements, it became necessa r y to - Make
a loan of $850,000, and many persons have con
cluded that the funded debt of the - State had been
increased to that extent. We are gratified to know
that such is not the case—that an equal amount
or more of the old debt has been paid under the
administration of Gov. Bigler. The following
statement; madein September last, by the Cashier
of the Treasury, exhibits the financial operations
of the present tulministration, and will be fonnd to
contain many gratifying facts:
The debt of the - CoMmonwealth on the Ist day
of December, 1851, may be summed up u follows,
to wit:
6 per cent. loans, $ 2,3i4,023 51
5 64 ti ,
36,704.484 03
4,1_ '- " 198,200 00
Unfounded . and floating debt, viz :
Eeliet• notes, 650,152 00
Certificates for unpaid interest, ' 150,231 82
do. unclaimed, 4,448 48
Interest on outstanding certificates, 50,827 34
Damages; balances on contracts,
claims,lor material, &c., on the
public works contracted prior to
Dec. Ist, 1851, 260,378 50
Total Dec. 1, 1851, 40,332,534 58
Add to this the amount loan per act
-L of May 4th, 1852, to complete
the North, Branch Canal, which
is the only permanent loan that'
has been made since 1850, - 850,000 00
41,182,543 58
Deduct payments made since the
Ist December, 1851, as follows
to wit: 4.
Operations of the Sinking Fund iu
stocks redeemed and relief notes
cancelled, 617,859 59 •
Interest on outstanding
certificate&due prior
to December 1851,
and since paid, 40,874 48
For damages, balances
on contracts, claims
forma.erials, &c., on
public works, incur
ring prior to Decem
ber 1851, and since
paid, as will appear
by the vouchers in
" the office of the Au
ditor General, 260,376 50
Total payments, -- 918,910 52
Present debt,
You will thus perceive that the payments on the
debt made since the let of December, 1851, ex
ceed the amount of the North Branch loan the sum
of $68,910 52. It should be stated, also, that in
addition to the $134,000 receiveB in premiums by
the cancellation of the 6 per cent. bonds, there will
be an annual saving in the rate of interest of a
fraction over $20,000, or a sum equal to the inter
est on four hundred thousand dollars of the public
debt. As the provision for 'his interest is perma
nent, without making any exactions from the pep.
ple, it may be regarded as a practical reduction of
the debt.
The annexed abatement will show you the pre
else amount paid for new work under the appro
priation bill of .1.852:
For relaying the Columbia rail
road, $ 200,000 00
For new road to avoi& the planes
on the Allegheny mountains, 386,034 90
For the Western reservoir, - 52;380 41
For the North Brafich, 650,000 00
For the double locks on the Dela
ware Division, . 60,000 00
— There was no law passed during last season au
thorizing any parment loans, except to cancel old
bonds, and all the appropriations for new work are
to be paid out of the surplus revenues for the years
1853 and 1854, which the Governor and State
Treasurer were authorized to anticipate by tempo
rary loans. These will be accounted for in the
operations of this year, and, in my opinion, all met
by the excess revenues with the time named.
In this statement I have taken no notice of the
temporary loan of $98,000 which was outstanding
on the Ist of January 1851, and which has since
been paid, nor of the temporary loan of $300,000
made in that month to meet the interest, and which
was repaid last summer.
There are a kw important and gratifying tuts
developed by this statement, which will doubtless
attract attention. The first is, that an amount of
old debt equal to the North Brench loan has been
paid, & $68,910 52 in addition. The second is, that
permanent provision had been made for the interest
on $400,000 of,the public debt besides. The third
is, that if there han been no new work in progress
of construction, to have absorbed the receipts to
the Treasury, the reduction in the debt, since Gov.
Bigler came into office, would have exceeded one
million three hundred thousand dollars; for all the
moneys applied to That purpose would have been
used in the extinguishment of the debt.
REVOLUTION IN LOWEN CALIFOBNIA.-By way
of San Francisco intelligence has been received of
the operations of the Filibusteros who set out for
Sonora, but landed in Lower California, and set up
an independent government i The victors have is
sued a high sounding proclamation from the 'Head
Quarters of the Republic of California, detailing a t
length the operations of the invading Army of In
dependence, which numbered it appears forty five
men all told. After landing at La Paz, where the
battle was fought and won without the loss of a
single man on the part of the invaders, they estab
lished a government on the basis of the U. States,
and then re•embarked for Magdelana Bay where the
'President' of the new confederacy contemplates es
tablishing the seat of Government for the present.—
The names of the officers who compose the new
government are as follows:
William Walker, President of the Republic of
Lower California. Frederick Emory, Secretary of
State. John M. Jarnigan, Secretary of War. How
ard A. Snow, Secretary of Navy.
MILITARY—Sohn Chapman , Major of Battalion.
Chas. H. Gilman, Captain of Battalion. John
M'Kibber, let Lieutenant. Timothy Crocker, 2d
do. Samuel Roland, 2d do.
NAVAL—William T. Mann, Captain of Navy.—
A. Williams, let Lieutenant. John Grandell, 2d
do.
DECLINE IN THE GRAIN MAILICET.—The Steam.
ship Asia, with three days later news, arrived at
New York on Wednesday evening.
There was a heavy decline in the Liverpool
Grain Market. Flour fell two shillings per barrel.
Wheat declined 3da4d per quarter.
We note nothing new or interesting from the
seat of war.
NEW Mar. Roirra.—ln the proceedings of Con
gress, on the 7th inst., we notice that Mr. Human
presented a petition from citizens of Lancaster co.,
for the establishment of a mail route from Kinzer's
to Intercourse :—whereby New Milltown, Hat and
Intercourse, would be supplied with a daily mail.
BRUTAL 071111.08.—We learn that some days
since, the skeleton of a horse was discovered near
the Gap, in an out of the way place, t tied to a tree
with a bridle. The animal, report says, belonged
to a drover and had been missing for some time.—
A saddle was found about twenty feet from where
the horse was tied. The poor animal was from all
appearances starved to death, as was evidenced by
the fact of the bark having been eaten from the
tree as far as the horse could reach-. No punish
ment could be too severe for a wretch who in or
der to gratify personal malice, would resort to such
brutality as this.
iI:TWe direct attention to the card ofJamus B. Rica
inns, in another column, giving notice that the
Committee of Reception will receive a few addi
tional pupils into the 'Pennsylvania Training School
for Idiotic and Feeble - Minded Children.' This is a
praise-worthy enterprise, and deserves the most lib
eral encouragement from the public. The Board
of Managers consider none as hopelessly idiotic,
whose age does not exceed twelve years; but the
earlier the age at which they enter the Institution
the more tertain' is the success.
L The Lancaster County Agricultural Society
meet. on the 10th of January, at Fulton Hall.
Staadhig Committees.
The following constitute the principal standing
Committees of Congress t , •
SENATE. -
Foreign Relationsilleisre. , !-Wasgn, "'DM a",
-3.
Slidell, Clayton, Weller and Everelt
Finance—Measem. Hooter, Bright;,- , ol.vinoeapar
Norris and Badger.
Commerce—Messers4ramlin,4lkidge of W 4,
Stuart, Seward, Clay at Betatiiirt.
Affairs Messrs. Shields, Weller, Fitz
patrick, Dawson, Johnson and Jones of Tenn.
Naval Affairs--Messra. Gwin, Mallory, Brodhead
Fish, Thompson of N. J.; and Bell:
Indian Affairs—Meura. Sebaatian, Walker, Ad- ,
ams, Cooper, Rusk. and Toomba
Claitri-Messrs. Brodhead,,Clay, Chaim, Pratt
Williams and Wade. -
Revolutioniny . Walker, Toucey
Cooper, Evans and DiXOll. -
Judiciary—Mews. Butler,Toueey,Beyard, Geyer
Pettit and Toombs.
Roads and Canals—Messrs..
Wright, Dawson, Chase anb Jones of Tenn.
Pensions---Meyers. Jones of lowa, Clay, FoOt,
Williams and Sumner.
Territories--Messrs, Douglas, Houston, Johnson
Bell, Tones and Everett.
Library---Messra. Peaiee, Casa and Bayard
HOUSE. OF REPRESENTATIVES.
On Elections—Richard H. Stanton, of .11y,fames
Gamble of Pa., Presley Ewing of Ky., James L.
Seward of Ga., Orasmus B. Matteion of N. Y, Na
than T. Stratton' of N. J•., Edward Dickinson of
Mai's., Geo. Bliss of 0., and Samuel Clark of Mich.
Of Ways and Means—George S Houston of Ala.
George W. Jones of Tenn,. Harry Hibhart of N.H.,
Alexander H. Stephens of Ga., John S. Phelps. a
Mo., William Appleton of Mass., John C. Breckin
ridge of Ky., Solomou G. Haven of N. Y., and J.
Robbins of Pa.
On Public .Lands---David T. Disney of Ohio, Wil
liamson, R. W. Cobb of Ala., Henry Bennet of N.
Y., Barnhart. Henn of lowa, Milton S. Latham of
Cal., Isaac E. Hiester of Pa, Hestor L, Stevens of
Mich., Samuel Caruthers of Mo, and Edward A
Warren of Arkansas.
On the Judiciary—Fredericir. P. Stanton of Term.
John S. Caskie of Va., James Meachem Vt., On
gen S. Seymour of Conn.;Samuel W. Parker of Ind
Hendrick B. Wright of Fe., John Kerr of N. C
Francis B. Cutting of N. Y., and Henry May o
Md.
On Private Land Claims—Junius Hillyer, of Ga.,
James H. Lane, of la., James Ambercrombie, of
Ala., Henry H. Muhlenberg; of . Pa., Samuel A.
Smith, of Tenn., Theodore G. Hunt, at La., Charles
Hughes, of N. Y., MathiasoN. Nichols,' of 0., and
Theodore Westbrook, of N. Y.
On Manufactures—John McNair, of Pa., Thomas
Davis, of R. I. John R.:Franklin, of Md., Hiram
Walbridge, of N. Y., Samuel Mayall, of Me:, Elihu
B. Washburn, of 111. James F. Dowell, of Ale and
Caleb Lyon, of N. Y.
On Agriculture-John L. Dawson, of Pa. Fayette
McMullin, of Va. Willis Allen, of 111. Richard C.
Puryear, of N. C. William D. Lindsay, of 0. Saml.
Clark, of Mich., William Murray, aP N. Y. John P.
Cook, of lowa, and
...Samuel Lilly, of N. J.
On Indian. Affairs—james L. Orr, of S. C. Ben C.
Eastman of Wis., Galusha A. Grow of Va. Edward
Ball of 0. Augustus E. Maxwell of Fla. Daniel B.
Wright of Miss. Alfred B. Greenwood of Ark. Ben-
Jamie Pringle of N. Y. and Milton S. Lathem of
Cal.
$40,263,633 06
On Military Affairs-- William H. Bisset of
Thomas H. Benton, of Mo. Charles J. Faulkner of
Va. Thomas M. Hovite of Pa: William R. Smith of
Ala. Nathaniel P. Banks of Mass. James A. Mc-
Dotigal of Cal. Emerson Etheridge of Tenn. and
Joshua Vansant of Md.
On Naval Affairs—Thomas S. Bocock of. Va.
Moses Macdonald of Me. George W. Chase of N.
Y. William S. Ashe of N. C. Thomas B. 'Florence
of Pa. Felix K. Zollicoffer of Tenn. Charles Skel
ton of N. J. Alfred H. Colquitt of Ga. and Augus
tus R. Sollars of Md.
On Foreign Affairs--Thomas H. Bayly of Va.
Sampson W. Harris . of Ala. Joseph R. Chandler of
Pa. Colin M. Ingersoll of Coon. Gilbert Dean of
N. Y. Thomas L. Clingman of N. C. Wilson Shan•
non of Ohio, William Preston of Ky. and John Per
kins of La.
On Patents--Benjamin B. Thurston of R. I.
Samuel A. Bridges of Pa. Andrew Tracy of Vt.
Bishop Perkins of N. Y. and Clement S. Hill of Ky
EI7ROPEAN Pownoz.--Since Austria has agreed
to eur postal arrangements with Bremen, nearly
the whole 4;( the German territory is now included
The lollowitig are the rates of Postage by the Bre
menline of steamers. The letters on which the
postage is charged are understood to be not over
a half-ounce in weight, end may or .may not be
post-paid.
$1,348,415 31
Cts.
•
Bremen, 10
'
Altona, 15
Atfatria, Empire of (including Hungary, Gali
cia, Lombardy, Venice, &c.,) 15
Brunswick, 15
Hamburg, l5
Hanover, 15
Mechlenberg-Schwerin, 15
Mechlenberg-Strelitz, 15
Oldensburg, 18
Prussia, Kingdom and - Province of 15
Saxe-Altenburg, ' 15
Saxony, Kingdom of 15
All other German States, Cities and Towns, 22
Alexandria, ,
Constantinople,33
. . .
Corfu, -
Denmark, 27
Greece, . 33
Italy, (except Lombardy and Venice,) --
Malta, Island of ,
Netherlands, the 25
Norway, ' 37
Poland, 29
, .
Russia, 29
,
Schelswig, 27
Sweden, 33
Switzerland, 25
•
Wallachia,
To Alexandria, Corfu, Malta and Wallachia pre.
payment required 30 cents. The United States
postage on a single newspaper to all the countries
above named is two cents, and pre-payment is re
quired.- On pamphlets and magazines, the U. S.
postage by the'Bremen line is one cent an ounce,
or fraction of an ounce, pre-payment required. On
all printed matter received in the Bremen mail, the
whole postage (U. S. and foreign) is prepaid on the
other side. To Alexandria, Corfu, &c., the whole
postage through to destination having to be pre
paid, no rates are , giver, for newspapers.
In writing to Europe, and particularly to the
Continent, all persons would do well to mark on
their letters the route by which they wish them
sant; and be careful if they pre-pay the postage, to
pay the rigid amount. For instance, if they would
have their letters go by the - 'Bremen line,' let them
so mark them; if by 'Prussian closed mail,' ditto,
&c., &c. .
Paid Marks on American letters for foreign coun
tries sometimes occasion difficulty on reaching
their destination, from the fact the writers of let
ters occasionally mark their letters paid, but ne
glect or omit to pay. The Department requests
11. S. Postmasters, in such cases, to cause memo
randa to be made on the letters, stating the mist
take of the writers, so that the quarrels abroad may
be avoided.
THE METHODIST CHUHCH CONTHOTEEST.—The U.
S. District Court at New York, on Thursday, con
firmed the adjustment recently agreed on , between
the commissioners.of the two branches of the Meth
odist Episcopal Church, and mit& the several pay
ments as stipulated, amounting to $191,000, a lien
upon the real estate described in billy. Said pay
ments extent through a period of ten years.
The Methodist Church South agrees to take in
settlement of its claim, under the decree of Judge
Nelson, the sum of $191,000 in cash, together with
the Richmond, Charleston and Nashville printing
establishments, and all the debts on' books and per
iodicals due the New York book concern, from in
dividuals residing within geographical limits &the
Methodist Episcopal Church South.
It is further agreed by the parties that $70,000
shall be paid as follows:-$10,000 on the filing of
this decree, $40,000 on sth .Tan. next, and 'the re
maining $20,000 on Ist day of March next. The
residue of the $191,000, amounting to the sum of
$121,000, shall be paid as follows:—$16,000 on let
Feb., 1855; $15,000 on Ist Feb.. 1856, $15,000., on
let Feb., 1857, $15,000 on Ist Feb., 1858: $15,000
on Ist Feb., 1859, $15,000 on let Feb.., 1860, $l5-
000 on Ist of Feb., 1861, and $15,000 on Ist Feb.,
1862. All of such payments to be made by the
Methodist Church to the legally constituted agents
of the Methodist Episcopal. Church South, the for
mer to pay the interest every year on all deferred
payments, at the rate of seven pea cent., and at the
same rate on the papment to be made on the Ist of
March ensuing.
Enuckrimm.—The annual meeting of the
State Teachers', Association will be held in this
city on Tuesday the 27th inst. Addresses are to
be delivered by G. M. W. Wharton, •Esq., of Phila
delphia, and Rev. Dr. Jacobs of Pittsburg. The
Canal Commissioners have directed excursion
tickets to be issued at half rates, to persons who
desire to attend its meetings, provided the Central
8.. R. Company and the Harrisburg and Lancaster
Company, make a corresponding induction in their
charges, which will no doubt be done: The meet
ings will take place in Fulton Hall.
Extracts
From the Addresa 'delivered by his Excelleocy;
39rxmax Bulimic, Governor of Pennsylvania, be
'
ore the Zetamathean Society of Juniata Academy.
' . .
e common school system, timigh "inch dr*
tiMities (Obis SiMe are extended alike tout,
mends ouilipeciaPadmiration. It stands iu delight=.
ft ortimigivithAi republican instititioni4nd* -
1411. thiffi r true Aiaractix.' spay not be'Peifict
in itedetails; indeed it is'true that the croaker has
complained that the childless rich man is required
to contribute towards the education of the chil
dren of his poorer neighbor. Such seem to forget
That the lite - and-fiberty -of the rich man is protect ,
ed equally with those of the_ poor man ; and that
his vast possesiions and breed acres are cared for
and secured to him through the same salutary and
wholesome laws. They forget. also, that the man
of great possessions has a special stake in the gov
ernment, and wealth in the morals of society.—
They should remember, too, that the people of the
same community /oust move. together, in the cause
of education and moral culture. The attempt to
advance with one class, and leave another behind,
would not only be hnjust, but be unsuccessful.--
The bad examples and vicious habits of the igno
rant would exercise a most pernicious influence
over all.
The most prominent difficulty that . I can discov
er, in the way of entire success in common school
education, is the financial weakness of the system,
the want of adequate compensation, and the conse
quent want'of competent teachers. But even these'
difficulties have not disturbed my confidence in its
ultimate success; for all these will be remedied in
due time. The most winning idea connected with
the system—one that readily engages the sympa
thies of the patriotic and benevolent—is, that its
blessings are brought within the reach of the poor.
and helpless—that by its agency talents are drawn
from the depths of poverty that otherwise would
be lost to society. To the poor and destitute it
comes like manna from Heaven, furnishing mod
for the mind, and stimulant for the moral virtues.
Let us then unite our efforts to cherish and extend
it.' It were better to
bear the ills we have,
Than fly to others that we know not of."
• • • • ••
I like the plan of teaching by visible signs, so
far as it can be carried out; not only in reference
to the physical sciences, but in relation to moral
subjects. If all minds were constituted like my
own
' the utility of the system would excel all oth•
era. A sound I forget very readily, but a sign leaves
a much more distinct impressibn. It would seem
to be almost impracticable to teach geography
without the map. We need the trace of the river
and the mountain; to read of them alone would not
leave a clear impression. These visible signs, or
illustrations, are, in my opiuion, just as useful in
reference to moral objects. The mind is strongly
impressed with an object, or an event, by a visible
sign. The. Bunker Hill Monument brings forcibly
to the mind the event it commemorates. The
Washington monument calls to our recollection
the career of the great man whose fame it is in
tended to perpetuate. The sight of Independence
Hall awakens the liveliest conception of the results
of the Declaration of Independence. Our National
Flee, with its stars and stripes, begets a vivid re
merritiratice of the struggles and victories of our ar
mies in times gone by. The Cross arid Crescent
are s)mbali of cast ideas—the one Christianity, the
Other Mahomeitatiisirs Flags and Routers are the
visible signs nl a ruling sentiment of a people.—
lirze are ail intruded to make the strongest - lin
prersion on the mind, and history is lull of evidence
to show that they produce the droned effect.. But
how far such systr.m could
.be carried out, I am
not prepared to say. I think, however, that it
might go far beyond the „present practice. I have
often thought, when reading history, that if I could
look into a transparency of the scene I never should
forget its leading features.
•
• • •
It is to the power of well developed mind that
we may attribute those magnificent achievements
in the science, and mechanic arts, which so much
distinguish our age and nation. It is mind that dis
covers and aids in developing the rich resources of
the earth, and devises means for the reduction of
these to the practical improvement which have dis
tinguished the career of our country, The labor
saving machinery, invented by the power of mind,
is assuming the work of muscular xenon, and is
bestowing on the country a productive capacity
which could not be furnished by' millions of addi
tional population. If thn teachings of Sa3' , and Smith
be correct, that productive labor constitutes main
ly a nation's wealth, then these triumphs of mind
are worth more to our country than 'all the gold
of Ophir, or the cattle on a thousand hills.'
A comparison between England and France,
made --as years ago, on the statistics of Baron
Du. will illustrate this idea. From this it was
made to appear, that if the productive enterprise of
the two countries depended entirely upon popula
tion and muscular power, France should be as great
a commercial and manufacturing country as Eng
land; but the latter, it seems, by means of machin
ery, had increased her force equal to a population
of twenty-five millions, whilst that of the former
but little exceeded eleven millions.
_The relative gain by machinery, in the United
States, I have no doubt, exceeds even this great per
tentage in favor of England, as between that coun
try and France. I have hut little datum for this
opinion, but I feel very confident that an examina
tion of the-subject would show it to be sound. At
the 'World's Fair,' in England, a year since, as well
as at the 'Exhibition of the Industry of all Nations,'
at New, York, Brother Jonathan stood handsomely
in advance of John Bull, and all other rivals, in the
production of useful inventions. This triumph may
be attributed to the general education of the peo
ple, and the stimulant given to intellect by our free
institutions. -
A list of the inventions now in the Patent Office,
at Washington, presented within two years, would
make quite a volume. Invention after invention
chase each other through the country, like shad
ows over the plain. A given structure of labor.
;saving irchinery is scarcely in motion, before it
is superceded by a better. I shall never forget the
rAnark of an old neighbor of mine, who fiad per
mitted the patentee to try a set of self-setters on his
sAw-mill, the operation of which was equal to the
labor of two men. The machine performed admir
ably, and the old gentleman was advised to pur
chase the right to use it; but he peremptorily de
clined to do so, saying that he 'should not get it
fixed on before some fellow would come along with
a better one; that he had always been used in this
way with patent rights, and he believed that he
would have nothing more to do with them.'
The ingenuity of a single mind, developed by
education, may save a nation millions of money;
enough to maintain free schools, common and clas
sic for the entire population of the country. In
deed, it is Scarcely within the reach of figures to
place an estimate on the value of the discoveries
and inventions of Rittenhouse, of Arkwright, of
Fulton, of Whitney, of Watt and Wittemore, to say,
nothing of the legion of smaller stars in the galaxy
of genius.
The application of steam to the propulsion of
vessels seemed to be the climax of usefulness in
this element; but now its influence is felt in eery
corner of the country, on land and on water—in the
wilderness and in the populous city. Myriads of
hammers, of wheels, of spindle; of shafts and shut
tles, in every imaginable position, from the deep
mine to the attic five stories above ground, are
made to acknowledge its influence, and to perform
the labor of man; and its triumphs in navigation
are producing sociality bet Ween the uttermost parts
of the earth,_ How readily we forget the condition
of things prior to these great discoveries. The ex
tinction of this single element would derange the
commerce of the world. Such an event would pro.
duce a convulsion far greater than the deture of
Professor Jewit's comet. Some people would con
dude that the globe might as well drop from its
axis, as to attempt to go on without steam. The
idea of spending three or four months in making a
.trip to Europe and back, or to be brought down to
five miles an hour in traversing over our own coun
try, would exhaust the patience of a modern Job.
Steam is saving time and annnihilating space,
and this Suits the..go-ahead inclination of the age
very well; but the magnetic telegraph beats time
and knows . no space 1 An idea started on the
wires at Boston is in at New Orleans handsomely
in advance of time. An order ; from the east to the
west, for a ba4e of cotton, •out-runs daylight with
out's struggle. Think of this achievement of sci
ence, that enables a man to serd his thoughts across
the continent in a few seconds, or the scarcely less
wonderful discovery that enables him, in almost as
short a period of time, to leave a life-like and du
rable likeness of his face on a metallic plate.
But less wonderful discoveries, and their effects,
are worthy of notice. Within our own Common
wealth these are most striking. A glance at the
olden times makes us heave a sigh for the things
and ways that were. There was a time, since Penn
founded this Commonweal* when the only means
of transportation between its extremeties was by
pack-horses—then one horse could transport two
hundred pounds. But now the iron horse snorts
'and tears along, with his hundreds of thousands of
pounds, and bids defiance toll! competition. The
turnpike roads—the construction of which rejoiced
the heart of Simon Snyder—are voted behind the
age, as thoroughfares tor tonnage • and travel. The
- .
time was, too, when the hand-flail was the only
means of threshing out our grain, and that primi
tive fan mill, made of a linen sheet, with a man at
each end of it, the principal mode of separating the
wheat from the. chaff. But the flail has given way
to the threshing machine, and the sheet to that fine
specimen of machinery which separates the grain
so readily_and effeetualty from chaff and impurities.
The scythe arstsiCilie'ire being superseded by Mc-
Cormick's nufiatr,ii:specimen of which was exhib
ited at the recent Site Fair, at Pittsburg, and ex
cited the utrifost-idininition by its a:trot:gamy
performancee,:' It..wififiaptly termed the wooden
mad; animated : by4orse power. The cotton gin
has : taken the placoof the colored gentleman'atn
getOnitthccorMmter threatens the use, it no
thiexistenee; , of lliarderable instrument, the hoe.
The planting machine hi far ahead of the man with
the bag on his shoulder; and the handloom, which
in the olden time, was heard in almost every house
is silenced by the power of steam and the inroads
of machinery.- The old fashioned wheel, that was
wont to make =skin the chimney corner, has
been beaten out of sight by the spinning jenny !--
Trapy's barrel maker, the wonders of which I re
cently witnessed at the World,s Fair, leaves but
little hope for old fashioned coopering; and the pla
ning, tenant, mortice and sash-making machines
have come to the relief of the carpenter, and im
mensely reduced his labors. The improvements in
the printing business are almost incredible. The
•old hand-press, which with two good pulls would
make one poor impression, has been abandoned as
behind the age..‘lioe's last fastpreas,' with the ca
pacity to turn off twenty thousand impressions in
an hour, is now all the rage. It is not prohable
tuat either Faustus or Franklin ever dreamed of
such wonderlul improvement in the 'art preserva
tive of all arts.' But what of the household affairs?
The patent chuins, bedsteads and cooking-stoves,
washing and sewing machines, and self-rocking
cradles and baby-jumpers. And, to cap the climax,
some one has recently invenled a self- serving ta
ble !
All these triumphs of .geniui are directly or re
motely the result of education.' Millions and mil
lions of money are saved by these inventions, and
yet the people are not satisfied! Twenty-five miles
an hour is not fast enough, when we travel; we
must•go it at the rate of tort) ! •Steam transporta
tion already seems too slow. Things appear not
quite right! Still we must hope for the best, as
affairs will doubtless get in motion presently!—
And thus we go on from one achievement to anoth
er ! What a restless creature is man 1 How true
is the picture drawn by'Pope;—
"Hope springs eternal in the human breast,
Man never is, but always to be, blest."
Isrmaissa Loss.—The total loss of the Messrs
Hama., of New York, by the late fire, is estima:
ted $1,205,000—0f which only $250,000 was in
sured. 'The net loss to these enterprising publish
ers will fall very little, if any, short of a million of
dollars !
The New York Times of Monday week says:
Enormous as is the loss they have sustained, and
overwhelming as it would seem to be, it will be
seen by the card which we publish below, that the
fire hhd not completed its ravages before the Har
persiiad taken measures to repair them. We un
derstand that the amount of their insurance is far
more than enough to discharge all their indebted.
ness, while they have very heavy outstanding ac
counts, and private resources more than adequate
to replace the establishment in the position it held
us Saturday morning last:
The undersigned take occasion to say that, in
consequence of the destruction of their establish
ment-by fire this afternoon, they will be unable im
mediately to fill all the orders with which they
have been favored.
The sheets, stereotype plates and copy of Har
per's New Monthly Magazine for January having
been consumed, a delay of a few days will unavoid
ably occur in the delivery of that number to agents
and subscribers.
Toe undersigned take this occasion to return
their thanks to the members of the Fire and Police
Departments, and others, who rendered assistance
in rescuing persons in their employment, and por
tions of their property from destruction. Their bus
iness will be resumed at the earliest possible mo
ment. The members of the firm can be seen on
business at No.. 79 and 81 Cliff street.
HARPER & BRO'PLIERS. •
. .
New York, Saturday evening,. Dec. 10, 1853.
The Magazine will, of course, receive their first
attention. The enormous edition which they print
—over 135,000 copies—renders it necessary, as a
matter of course, that it should be put to press a
month in advance. Only about 4000 copies of the
forms containing their wood cuts can be worked
on their presses in a day; these, therefore, are al
ways put to press first. All the cut forms for the
January number of the Magazine had been worked
—and all the other forms butane were on the press.
That one bad been kept back in order to give in
the Monthly Record a synopsis of the President's
Message, and the accompanying Documents—and
was to be worked in triplicate.
The last correction of proof upon it had been
made, and sent into the printing office, just an hour
before the fire broke out. The entire number for
January, therefore ' is destroyed, there being not a
sheet, stereotype plate, .wood cut, proof, or a line
of copy, even saved. The whole Magazine is to be
made over again. It will be impossible to prepare
engrave and work afresh any illustrated articles
in season for that number; but it will undoubtedly
be issued in a creditable shape, very soon after the
day it is due.
The main thing needed for the resumption of
their business is machinery. It their presses had
been saved, their stereotype plates could be put in
to immediate use to any required extent. As it is,
they will 'be compelled to use such, presses and
printing facilities as they can procure for the pur
pose, until.a new supply of presses can be made,
which will probably require four or five months.
GOVIRNOR BIGLIM—This gentleman has won
the admiration of the people since his advent in the
Executive Chair. He has proved himself eminent
ly qualified for the position of Chief Magistrate of
Pennsylvania, and, in the discharge of his onerous
duties, hai displayed intellect, far beyond the ordi
nary statesman. All his State papers bear the im
press of sound republican dbctrine, and indicate a
high-toned sense of State pride. His integrity is
unimpeached, and we think his administration,
throughout, needs no defence' at the hands of his
political friends. The wisdom of his course is fully
appreciated by the masses, and his official career
has been commended by the Democracy, in their
primary meetings, in nearly every - county of the
Commonwealth.
According to Democratic usage, Gov. Bigler is
entitled to the second term, and if appearances in
dicate anything, he will receive the unanimous re.
nomination, in the next State Convention, which
will be held at Harrisburg, on the Bth day of next
March There is a majority of the delegates al.
ready elected, in hie favor, and with the exception
of one or two counties, we think the entire delega
tion will be instructed to support him on the first
ballot. Of his triumphant election, there is not, or
cannot be a doubt. True, there are some calling
themselves Democrats, dissatisfied, and, of course,
will always be some crooked sticks, no matter how
frivolous the pretext may be for opposition. Op
ponents there will always be, in political strife, and
Gov. Bigler is not an exception to the general rule;
but the opposition to him, in the Democratic ranks
is of the smallest kind, and will scarcely make a
riffie on the calm, smooth surface of Democratic
organization.—Tioga Eagle.
New Book, &c.
THE MINING MAGAZIN; published monthly, at
$5 per annum, payable in advance, by Wm. J.
Tenney, 142 Fulton st., N. York, is a highly inter
esting periodical, containing a vast amount of use
ful information respecting the various mines al.d
mining, operations in the United States and Europe,
Each number contains over 100 pages, printed with
excellent type on fine paper, and handsomely bound.
The December number, which has just been issued.
commences the sixth volume, and contains a notice
of the silver mines in Pequea Valley, in this coun
ty. Those .of our friends who may be interested
in mining operations, should subseribe for this
work without delay.
Gnerum for January—a specimen number—is
on our table, and from its appearance. we do not
doubt that the Magazine for 1854 will be all that
Graham bas promised. The embellishments are
peculiarly fine and attractive. They lead off with
an engraving of the Equestrian Statue of General
Jackson, at Washington.
Now is, the time to subscribe for this admirable
periodical. To single subscribers it will be furnish
es for $3; two copies $5; five do. $10; eight do.
$l5; twelve do. $2O. Address G. R. Graham,
106 e - hesnut . at., Phila.
Eig" Mrs.. Elizabeth Harker, sixty-five rare of
age, was tried and convicted at Huntingdon, Pa,.
last month, for the murder of her sister, and sen
tenced to be hang. The motive which actuated
her to commit this inhuman murder, was the desire
of filling the place occupied by her sister. It ap
pears that after the death of her husband, which
took place about..a year age, she removed to the
roidence of a relative, until the sickness of her
mete, Mrs. Samuel Harris, when she repeatedly
and `earnestly requested Mr. Harris to allow her to
nurse his sick wife, until he at last reluctantly con
sented. She then administered poison, until after
days of intense pain and suffering, her victim ex
pired.
Punctual; By Laricairraitrans.—We observe by
the Harrisburg papers that Messrs. David & Hen
ry Longenecker and Mr. Bryan of this city, have
purchased twenty acres of ground in the lower
part of the borough of Harrisburg, on which they
intend erecting two large anthracite furnaces, and
a number of dwellings. Operations have been al
ready commenced.
Vol. John . W. ilorney.
A uvere attack.having been made upon the
Clerk of the Rouse of Representatives, in the
Richmond Enquirer, for his removal of Mr. Parker,
the former Librarian, the following is Col. Forney's
• •
*ply
WAVIINOTON, Dec. 9, 1853
To nut Editors of the Enquirer :—A letter signed
"Fairfax,” in the Enquirer of the Bth of Decem
ber,
contains a most unfair allusion to my recent
removal of Mr. John A. Parker, from the office of
Librarian of the House of Representatives; and I
respectfully ask this opportunity to correct it. I
displaced Mr. Parker for repeated absence without
leave from his post, and for leaving the Library in
a state of such utter confusion and neglect as must
have brought down upon me tho just censure of
the House of Representatives, had I not employed
others to put it into proper condition for the meet
ing of Congress. I took the step of which Fairfax
complains, most reluctantly, inasmuch as I had
appointed Mr. Parker against the wishes of nearly
every member of the Democratic delegation from
Virginia in 1851', and I was therefore most anxious
that he should vindicate my choice. He has not
done as, and I have removed him. The Library
being under my control, I am of course respoilsi
ble for the manner in which it is cared for, and the
House looks to ma to see that the duties of Libra
rian are discharged with fidelity.
" Fairfax n announces that Mr. Parker's removal
was because he was not in my favor for re-election.
This is the first time I ever heard of it. He al
ways professed to be my ardent friend; and if he
were my foe, he certainly did not act out the Vir
ginin character, by secretly opposing a man who
had offended nearly every member from Virginia
in the last Congress in giving him an office. Nine
men out of ten would have discharged him for this•
alone, had events disclosed it; and they would
have done it at once. But enough upon this point.
In other days I should have addressed the Vir
ginia Democracy with defiant confidence against
all my enemies. Let me hope that the memory of
the past will allow me to say a word of the pres
ent,:.inaemuch a, " Fairfax has gone out of the
way to refer to it.
For seventeen long years, and at time. when
nearly every State in the North was over-run or
overwhelmed by the embittered enemies of the
South, the hand that writes these hasty lines, with
out a thought of self, or a care for office, held. up
the beleagured banner ofStato's Rights,' and, be
ginning in a minority, aided to swell the ranks of
the imposing majority that' demolished sectional
ism is 1853. Ido not appeal to Virginia to repu
diate the slanders of my personal character; but I
ask that eke should hear me for my cause. The let
ter for which I have been assailed by a combina
tion of personal foes 2 was the result of an ardent
attachment to a friend—nothing more. I wrote it
as I would write, if I had one; to my brother. I
never for one moment regretted it, till I saw malig
nant ingenuity torture it into a meaning from which
my whole nature revolted. This is my only de
fense on that point. My own State of Pennsylva
nia (and Virginia knows her faith and her fidelity)
apontaneouely put this construction upon it, 'and
costumed me by an expression of public opinion
that amounted almost to acclamation. North,South
East and West, the earns view was taken of it by
fair and unprejudiced men. I never printed a line
to effect this state of opinion; and when tho broad
issue was made upon the House of Representatives
at the commencement of the present session, I res
olutely refused to publish a word'of explanation on
the subject. My own'heart made me proud in the
belief, mat I had never done a human being inten
tionitlinjury. Conscious of this, and assured of the
purity of my motives, auti the justice of my inten
Lion, in the letter referred to, I would not have
gone into the newspapers to justify myself for all
the offices in the Blue Book. The House of Repro
sentatives sustained me largely, decidedly, and; let
me add, as a feeble tribute to my friends, enthu
siastically.
The office to which I have been re-elected, nev
er had any peculiar charms to me, and I could go
back to my old editorial chair , in Pennsylvania,
withont a sigh. I sought it a second time, because
my name had been coupled with slander, and I
have passed through a torrent of calumny without
losing a particle of my self respect, or compromi
sing aprinciple or a friend. I am still a young
man; and I hope to live long enough to show my
friends that they have not mistaken their man, and
to convince my enemies, that in their eager anxiety
to crush one who has never injured them by word
or deed, they only nerved him the more heirttily to
the work to which his life is dedicated—the work
of defending the Democratic party, st whatever
sacrifice. I am yours truly,
JNO. W. FORNEY.
lirr Will the Democratic papers of Virginia, that
exchanged with me in the , auld lang syne, , publish
this letter, and oblige their friend and co-laborer?
J. W. F.
The Railroad Troubles.
A correspondent of the Ledger gtves the follow_
ing versiod (which we think is a true one) relative
to the Railroad troubles at Erie:
Eau, Pa., Dec. 12, 1853
Messrs. Editors you permit a Philadel
phian—a subscriber to your paper, almost from its
commencement—to give you reliable information
upon a subject in which the interests of Philadel
phia are directly and prospectively at stake.
The Ohio R. R. gauge is 4 feet 10 incheP. The
New York guages are 4 leet 81i inches and 0 feet.
Between Ohio and New York, therefore, there must
be a break. By geographical position, by common
consent, and by mutual interest, that break was
fixed in Erie, half-way between the two States. The
popular sentiment on all sides was condensed into
a law, called the gunge law, .by which all roads
west of Erie were to use the Ohio guage, all east
of. Erie a New York guage.
In pursuance of this agreement, a line was laid
down from Erie to the New York State line, of 6
feet guage—the guage of the New York and Erie
Railroad. This afforded an advantage to that line
over the New York and Buffalo road, whose gauge •
is 4 leet B,} inches.' They, therefore, asked that
they might be permitted to extend their gunge from
Buffalo to the city of Erie, on equal terms ,with the
Dunkirk road. The permission was at once ac
corded.
Having gained equal terms, the Buffalo road
(now, by consolidation, the New York Central,)
sought for more. It proposed to the Dunkirk and
New York Road, that the break between Ohio and
i
New York should not occur in tk e State of Penn
,llvania at all, but in that of New ork; that it(the
New York Central,) would indemnify the Dunkirk
road for all losses, and the Like Shore Road should
pass through Pennsylvania without stopping, thus
cutting off all future communication from the Lake
to Philadelphia.
The idea thus germinated, developed itself more
largely. The road from Erie west to the Ohio line
was built, without a charter, by the Ohio interest—
the gronnd occupied by it not even being bought in
the name,of a corporation.
The Central Railroad of New York, now Congo.
lidated as one interest from Albany to Buffalo, and
from Buffalo to the Eastern line of Erie City, bar-
gained with the road-from Erie City to die Ohio
State line, and with that from the Ohio State' line
to Cleaveland, to make a common interest against
Pennsylvania, and pass through out State as a for
eign monopoly, with or without a law.
By this arrangement, the Lake Shone road,which
must beifor all time, the great thoroughfare from
the West to the East, from the Lakes to the Atlan
tic, becomes an overwhelming monopoly by which
we and our children will be •hag ridden' without
remedy. ,
The prospect of a eubsenption on the part of
Philadelphia to the Sunbury and Erie road, caused
a premature development of their stupendous
scheme. It is this:
First: To ruin the prospects of the Sunbury and
Erie road.
Secondly : To hamper the Pennsylvania Central
road at its Lake terminus.
Thirdly : Having gained the control of the whole
road from Albany to Cleaveland, and ruined all. ri•
vale, to become the only trunk of commumicatioh
with the Pacific road, thus absorbing all the busi
ness of the Lakes and the Great West, for New
York; cutting off all competition for trade at the'
Rgints of termination of the Philadelphia road, and
passing through Pennsylvania with a discrimination .
in favor of New York, which will serve to destroy
the advantages that Philadelphia is entitled to de- •
rive from her own roads in her own State. This
scheme the citizens of Erie County have determin
ed to thwart by all constitutional and legal means
The railroad crossed our streets and.occupied our
public roads, by no . chartered rights, but as a !per
mitted nuisance.
An ordinance peened in July last, directed there
move of this nuisance as soon as the Company
should change the conditions, upon which it was
permitted. The Company commenced their work
and the ordinance of the city was enforced. 3he
removal was made by the High Constable, aided
by every independent awl intelligent man in the
community. On the ground were the Clergy and
the Bar, with almost every thoughtful law abiding
citizen—it was made without riot, 'or there were
none to interfere with the due performance of the
law.
This is a simple outline of facts. It will, I hope
induce the citizens of Philadelphia to take up their
maps, and see that our contest is not 'for the drop-
pings of trade,' but for a great principle—for the
benefit of the metropolis and the dignity of the c otn
monwealth. J.
Asraraza FATAL ACCIDENT.-A boy aged about
fifteen years, by the name of Murray, was killed on
Monday week, on the railroad near the Gap. He
was attempting to get on a train when in motion,
but slipping, fell across the rail between the cars,
several of which passing oven, him caused instant
death: He was shockingly mangled, the head be
ing completely severed from his body.