Inteiligencer & Journal.
GEO, SANDERSON, EDITOR
Lancaster; December 13.01.853.
An Auspicious Beginning.
Contrary to the wishes of some and the fears of
others, the House of Representatives, at Washing
ton, was' organized without any difficulty, on the
sth inst.,by_the re-election of all the old officers
from Speaker to Doorkeeper. 'Tie true there was
a slight bolting from the regular nominations of
Speaker and Clerk; but that is usual at the open
ing of every new Congress, and amounts to noth
ing. . The great effort of the Whigs and disaffected
Democrats was directed against Col. FORME; the
talented and accomplished Clerk of the last Con_
gress; and his triumph over such a motley and un
scrupulous opposition as was arrayed against him,
is no less gratifying to his numerous friends than
it is overwhelmingly mortifying to his unpr .ci
pled but powerless enemies.
We repeat, that Congress commences its session
under favorable auspices. There is a large Demo
scratic majority in both branches, and so far a very
large portion of the members seem resolved to set
their faces against bolting from regular nomina
tions, or pursuing any other course calculated to
produce jarring and distraction in the party. We
are glad to see this spirit manifested, and the true
Democracy of the Union will rejoice at it too. It
augurs well for the Republic, and shows that the
•representatives of the people (with few exceptions)
are men of integrity and worth, who are opposed
to the introducing of any new teats into the Dem
ocratic creed, by and through which the harmony
and unity of the party would be destroyed, and, as
a consequence, the interests and honor of the coun
try at large be made to. suffer.
So lar t so good. We hope now to ;lee members
addressing theaiselves to the work of legislation in
earnest. Such a course will endear them to the
people, and they can return to their constituents
with the consciousness 'Of having discharged their
whole duty to the country. Important questions
will doubtless claim the attention of Congress—
questions deeply involving the honor of the Repub
lid, and the interests of the American people. Of
course, these questions will require time and calm
deliberation to adjust them properly; but all unne
cessary debate and angry discdssion should be
avoided, as uncalled for and irrelevant. That there
are some blatherers in the House, with more beard
than brains, who will endeavor to edge in their
speeches for buncombe, is no doubt true; but we
look to the sound sense of a large majority of the
members, to set their faces against any such waste
of time, and check this cacoethes loquendi when
-ever it is possible.
The people expect to find the Thirty-Third Con
gress h working. body, and will not be satisfied
with any thing short of it. There has not been a
working Congress for several years, and the pa
tience of the public is well nigh exhausted at such
trifling on the part of their servants. They hope
for a better state of things during the present ses
sion, and we have reason to believe, judging from
the favorable commencement, that they will not
be disappointed. We have faith in the members
generally, and will not condemn before trial.
Election of Public Printer.
Gen. ARIISZTIOrG, of the Washington Union,
was elected, on Wednesday last, Public Printer, for
the House of Representatives, by the following vote:
Armstrong, (Union) 128
Gales, (Intel.) G 4
Tucker, (Sentinel) 10
Scattering, 7
Amongst the votes for Tucker we see the name
of Mr. WITTE, of this State.
Election of Chaplains.
Rev. HENRY SLICER, of the Methodist Episcopal
Church, Chaplain to the Senate.
Rev. WHarear H. Mzr.LnuriN, of the same
Church, Chaplain to the House. The latter gen-
tleman is nearly blind, but is withal a graceful and
eloquent pulpit orator.
GEN. Fnexcfs M. WINSOO/ . .—During a short
attendance on the U. S. District Court, week before .
last ; seT witnessed enough to satisfy us that the
gentlemanly bearing and suavity of manners which
characterize Gen. WyNkoop, as U. S. Marshal, eli
cited universal commendation. In his present
re
sponsible office, he bids fair to become as great a
favorite with the people, as he was when gallantly
fighting his country's battles in Mexico. He is
emphatically " every inch" a soldier and a gentle
Man, and see are sure that no more capable, ac
complished, or popular appointment could have
been made by the President.
Ilg" The Senate ordered the printing of 10,000
and the House 25,000 extra copies of the Presi-.
dent's Message, for distribution among the mem
bers. These are unusually large numbers, and are
an indication of the high opinion of the document
entertained by the members of our National Le
gislature.
GOVERNOR Brar.En.—The York Gazelle, the old
and well established organ of the York County De
mocracy, has raised the name of WILLIA - Er BIGLER
to its mast-head, and in doing so says i it is "in
pursuance of the wishes of the Democracy of York
county, unanimously expressed in County Con
vention."
The Lewistown Democrat , the organ of the De
mocracy of Mifflin county, Pittsburg Union, and
a number of other influential papers in the Com
monwealth, have also unfurled the BIGLER colors.
Mr. WITTE and his friend Cnenr.r.r CARRIGAN
had better buck up, or they will be no where .by
and by.
na - The Senate has confirmed the' following
Presidential appointments, viz:—John Y. Mason,
Minister to France ; Thomas H. Seymour, Minister
'to Russia; and Robert M. M'Lane, Minister to
China.
The President has appointed A. E. Leaman Su
perintendent of the Public Buildings.
lir Thirteen Democrats bolted from the caucus
nomination for Clerk of the House, viz :—Messrs.
Ashe and Shaw, North Carolina; Cask ie, Bocock,
Qoode, Letcher, Millson and Powell, Virginia;
keite and M,Queen, S. Carolina; Walsh and Whee
ler, New York; Benton, Missouri.
Mr. Bocock voted for Hon. Charles Brown, o
Philadelphia, and the othertwelve for R. M. Young
Esq., of Illinois.
I We have received and read with much sat
isfaction a pamphlet copy of a pertinent and able
address delivered recently by Governor BIGLER,
before the Zetamathean Society of Juniata Acade
my: We shall publish the Whole address, or 'at
least some extracts from it, in our. next issue.
117 The Report of the Postmaster Genera
which is a 'very able one, occupies nearly nine o
the long columns of the North American.
Err The House adjourned, over from Thursday
till Monday, to afford the Speaker time to appoint
the several Standing Committees. This is always
necessary, as, until the committees are organized
and commence their labors, no business of conse
quence can be put in a proper shape before the
House for its action:
V" The Supreme Court of the U. States is now
in session at Washington—all the Judges present.
STATE TEACHERS ' ASSOCIATION.—The First An
nual Meeting of the Association will be held at
Fulton Hall, in this city, on Tuesday the 27th inst.
The sessions, it is expected, will be. continued for
three or four days. The active friends of General
Education throughout the State will doubtless be
present. Fare on the Railroads going to and re
turning from the Convention, will be only half
price.
LECKY HARPER, Esq., formerly of the Pitts
burg Post, is now editor of the !Democratic Ban
ner, 2 published at Mt. Vernon, phio.
The President's Message.;i
We are not disappointed in our anticipati* in
reference to the first annualsrhessage President
Prencs. It is an c able, - straight-forwani and manly
document—just such a state paper as will be-read
and appreciated by the American people, and es.
tablish the character of its distinguished anthor as
a far-seeing, sagacious and accomplished statesman.
We publish it entire on our first page, and invite
for it a careful and unprejudiced perusal. The mes
sage developes the following facts and principles,
as the policy which is to govern the administra
tion :
Our diplomatic relations with foreign powers
have undergone no essential change.
The Fishery question is under negotiation, with
a fair prospect of a favorable result.
Great. Britain has proposed to settle our ember
sassing questions in regard to Central America, by
amicable arrangement, and Mr. Buchanan is in
structed to negotiate.
The boundaries between the United States and
the Northwest possessions of Great Britain need
settlement, and the attention of Congress is called
to the subject.
With France our relations continue most friend.
ly, and some progress has been made in negotia
ting a treaty which will release both countries, to
mutual advantage, from unnecessasy restrictions.
All unauthorized expeditions against Cuba and
Porto Rico will be vigorously repressed.
A proposition has been made fora direct appeal
to the Captain General of Cuba by our Consul, on
behalf of our citizens who suffer vexation and an
noyance, awing to the suspicious vigilance with
which foreign intercourse is there guarded. With
out some such arrangement our good understand
ing must be exposed to occasional interruption.
The Armistad claim of Spain is again urged , nr
prompt adjustment, as good faith requires.
Martin Kostza, at the time of his seizure by
Austria at Smyrna, was clothed with American na
tionality; Capt. Ingraham's course is fully appro
ved, and the demand of Austria tor Kostza's sur
render, a disavowal of Capt. L's acts, and satisfac
tion for the alleged outrage, have been declined.
The Commissioner to China is instructed to
avail himself of all occasions to open and extend
our commercial relations with that and contiguous
Asiatic nations.
It is not yet ascertained how far the Emperor of
Japan is disposed to abandon his restrictive policy,
and open his country to our commerce.
Disputes have arisen with Mexico as to the re
survey of the boundary between New Mexico and
Chihuahua, and other questions of magnitude are
pending between the two Republics. Our minister
Is amply instructed to adjust them, and it is reas
onably expected that they may b.e satisfactorily
concluded.
Treaties have been made with Paraguay and the
Argentine Confederation, for the freer navigation
of their rivers, and our Minister to Brazil is instrut
ed to obtain a relaxation of the restrictive policy in
regard to the free navigation of the Amazon.
Measures have been taken to remove the difficul
ties experienced in obtaining supplies of guano tram
Rerit,..and there is reason to believe that country is
disposed to offer adegnate indemnity to our citi
zens, aggrieved by the collision with its authorities
at the Chincha Islands.
The principles of public policy, affirmed by our
fathers in 1798, are alone capable of miaintaining
and perpetuating this Republic/.
There is no change to suggest in our financial
policy, and there is a general acqniesence in the
wisdom of the present system as to the sources of
keeping and managing the public treasure.
The public revenue increases beyond the interest
or the prospective wants of the Government•the sur
plus makes the path of duty obvious and clear 'to
the administration, first to discharge the debt, and
second to gradually reduce the revenue to the stan
dard of the public exigencies. 'Since March 1853,
$12,703,329 of the public debt have:been cancelled,
leaving unpaid $56,486708.
A reduction of the Tariff is suggested, by reducing
the duties on certain articles, and adding to the free
list many articles now taxed, especially those
which enter into manufactures.
The Post Office has failed to meet its current ex
penses by $2,042,032.
The defects of the Pension Laws, giving impu
nity to frauds, are desirable., of early attention.
During the fiscal year 9,819,411 acres public
land have been surveyed, and 10,363,891 brought
into market; the sales amounted to 1,830,495 acres
bounty land warrants 6,142,360 acres; ceded to the
States as scamp land 16,684,253 acres; selected
for railroad and other objects 1,427,457 acres.--
Total acres disposed of 25,346,992. The whole
amount of land warrants issued prior to September
30, last, was 266,042; and then outstanding 66,947
to satisly which 4,787,120 acres are required. Un
der the act of February 11, 1847, warrants for 12,-
870,280 acres have been issued, and under the acts
of September 28;1850, and March 22, 1852, to the
amount of 12,505,360 acres. The present system
works well. The nett profits of sales of public lands
to June 30, 1853, was $53,289,465. The exten
sion of the system over New Mexico and Utah is
recommended, and no essential change is recom
mended, except by modifications in favor of the
actual settler, and an extension of the pre-emption
principle in certain cases.
The construction of roads within the territo
ries, under authority of Congress, has been so long
exercised as to be considered the settled construc
tion of the power of the government.
Applications for grants of land to construct rail
roans must be prudently considered, to avoid reck
less and indiscriminate extension of the principle.
Patentees are recommended to the favorable con
sideration of Congress.
The judicial system has so entirely satisfied pub
lic confidence that it needs modification only, to
meet the increased extent of population and legal
business of the couutry. Florida, Wisconsin, lowa
Texas and California, should be placed on the same
looting as the rest of the Union. A plan is prepa
red to meet these requirements; if Congress should
call for it.
The policy of internal improvements should be
definitely settled against appropriations by the gen
eral government for local purpqses, so that locali
ties requiring expenditures: - could by legitim , ta
means raise the necessary funds.
Having always in view the importance of a rail
road to the Pacific; weighed against the obligations
of strict adherence to the Constitution, and to the
extent of the interest hi the government involved,
it would seem both expedient and proper, it an
economical and practicable route can be found, to
aid its construction by all constitutional means.—
To do the President's views full justice on this and
other heads, it is necessary to peruse them entire,
and we therefore conclude our digest.
(13 Amongst the few members of Congress who
voted against Col. FORNEY, in caucus, tor Clerk of
the House of Representatives, we are sorry to say
there were two froin this State, Messrs. MUIWEN
BERG and WITTE, the latter of whom, it is said
was the person who brought forward the name of
Mr. YOUNG in,opposition to FORNEY.
It is but justice to say, that they both voted for
Col. FORNEY in the House, after he had received
the nomination; but whether they would have done
so, had there been a po's'sibility of defeating him, is,
another question, which we are not prepared to an
swer. We leave that for their constituents to de
cide.
The other members who voted against FORNEY
and for Mr. YOUNG, in catcus, were Messrs. AL
LEN and WENTWORTH, of Illinois, and CLARK, of
Michigan 7 -making, with the two from Pennsylva
nia,five in all! Mr. Young hails from Illinois,
which satisfactorily accounts, we presume, for the
votes of the two members-from that State.
Tr A fierce war is now raging at Erie, in this
State. The cause of the difficuty may be explain
ed in a few words. The two lines of railroads
which unite Cleveland and Buffalo are constructed
with the wide guage, except that portion which
runs through the county of Erie, where the narrow
track still exists, and, in consequence, a stoppage
and exchange of cars takes place at the city of Erie.
This does not suit the purposes of the New Yorkers,
who desire a continuous guage for the purpose of
avoiding the change and transhipment at that place.
They have, therefore, attempted to lay the wide
guage track, through the county, which is violent
ly opposed by the citizens of Erie, and, as often as
the track is laid; it is immediately torn up by the
populace. Much excitement exists, and the ques
tion of right will have to be decided by our Su
preme Court.
SATURDAY EVENING MAIL.—The first or speci
men number of Graarrazt's nett' paper, bearing the
above title, has made its appearance. It is hand,
somely gotten up, and will be published at'Phila
delphia, every Saturday, by Richard H. See, at $2
ayear, in advance. If Grua= makes as good a pa
per; as he has a magazine, and - we do not doubt
both his willand ability, then he mustsucceed in this
new enterprise. The Mail will be neutral in pol
itics, and is specially intended for a family paper.
Each number is to be embellished with .one or
more illustrations.
1.17 - The attention of capitalists is invited to the
sale Of City property, advertised by J. D. BACHMAN,
Esq. in another column. This property is in a de.
sirable location; and will doubtless attract the at
tention of buyers.
Public Documents.
ABSTRACT OF- IRE POSTMASTER ..-GENE:-
RA.L'S REPORT
- The whole number of post offices in the. United
States at the close.nf the last official year, -June
-30th, 1853; was twenty-two thousand three hundred
and twenty; of number, two hundred and fifty
five are of the highest class, the postmasters of
which are appointed by the President. At the pres
ent date, Ist, December, 1853, the total number of
post offices is twenty-two thousand six hundred and
eighty-eight. During the past year, commencing
first of July, 1852, one thousand eight hundred and
ninety-eight post offices were established, Nur hun
dred and seventy-nine were discontinued, and there
were appointed to office during the said year; be
sides the eighteen hundred and ninety-eight post
masters to the newly established offices aforesaid,
thirty-eight hundred and fifty upon resignation, two
hundred and-twenty-five upon death, one hundred
and eighty-two upon change of site, ninety-one
where the postmaster had moved away, and twen
ty-three hundred and -twenty-one on removal of
prior incumbents, being eight thousand five hun
dred postmasters appointed during the year ending
30th June, 1853.
At the close of the fiscal year ending on the 30th
day of June last, there were in operation within
the United States six thousand six hundred and
ninety-two mail routes; ignii aggregate length was
two hundred and seventeed thousand seven hund
red and forty-three Miles, and five thousand five
hundred and eighty-three contractors were employ
ed thereon. The annual transportation of the mails
on these routes was sixty-one million eighthundred
and ninety-two thousand five hundred and forty
two miles; the annual cost thereof was four million
four hundred and ninety-five thousand nine hundred
and sixty-eight dollars, being about seven cents two
mills per mile. 01 tnese sixty-one million eight
hundred and ninety-two thousand miles of annual
transportation, twelve million nine hundred and
eighty-six thousand seven hundred and five miles
are required to be performed on railroads, at a cost
of one million six hundred and one thousand three
hundred anti twenty-nine dollars, being about twelve
cents three mills per mile.
Six million six hundred and eighty-five thousand
and sixty-five miles in steamboats, at a cost of six
hunllred and thirty-two thousand three hundred and
sixty-eight dollars; being about nine cents four mills
per mile. Twenty-one million three hundred and
thirty thousand three hundred and twenty-six mites
'in coaches, at a cost of one million two hundred
and six thousand nine hundred and fifty-eight dol
lars, being about five cents six mills per mile.—
And twenty million eight hundred and ninety thou
sand four hundred and forty-six miles in modes not
specified, at a cost of one million fifty-five thousand
three hundred and thirteen dollars; being about five
cents per mile.
The expenditures of the department, during the
late fiscal year, were seven million nine hundred
and eighty-two thousand seven hundred and fifty
eight dollars. The gross revenue from all sources
was five million nine hundred - and forty thousand
seven hundred and twenty-four dollars. It appears
from the foregoing statement, that the gross reve
nue of the year ending June 30th, 1853, falls short
of expenditures in the sum of two million forty-two
thousand and thirty-one dollars. Fifteen hundred
and seventy-one thousand dollars of this deficiency
were supported by balance on the Auditor's books
on July lot, 1852, and appropriations to supply de
ficiencies of upwards of one million dollars, leaving
five hundred and forty-six thousand dollars to b e
provided by Congress, for the service of the year
ending June 30th, 1853.
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE
NAVY.
The Report of the Secretary of the Navy is im
portant, from the fact that he advocates the re-or
ganization of the Navy and recommends the ap
propriation of five millions for building several
steam propellor frigates. He says there are not
forty vessels which could be brought into service in
ninety days, if needed. In advocating the construc
tion of steam propellors, he continues:
'I recommend, therefore, that the Department be
authorized to have constructed at least six first
-class steam frigates—propellors. The opinion is
entertained that that number may be be built in
our several yards; in addition to the work now go
ing on, and the repairs usually needed on the re
turn of vessels from long voyages. It is estimated
that they will cost between tour and five millions
of dollars, and can be built in about twenty months
with the exception of some deficiency in the sup
ply of white oak and yellow pine, which can be
without much difficulty pr.cured. We have on
hand,iat the various yards, ample materials to ac
complish what PS recommended. It will be per
ceived, on referring to the estimates of the Bureau
of Construction, that an estimate is made of the
entire cost.
'As it is deemed desirable to make the addition
to our naval forces as early as practicable, in con
sideration of the number of vessels which will soon
be unfit for service, and not worth repairing, and
as it is important do retain on hand, for emergen
cies, a reasonable supply of building materials, 1.
ventered to suggest the policy of making the appro
priation at an early day, to enable the Department
to build them with despatch, and purchase a sup
ply of material so as not to diminish the amount
on hand.'
He also recommends that the Santee, at Kittery,
and the Sabine at New York, on the stocks since
1819, be altered, modernized, and finished, as sub
stitutes for two frigates of the same class with
drawn as worthless. The old ship-of-the-line Frank.
lin, is being repaired at Kittery, and her model
changed, with a view of converting her into a first
class steam frigate.• 'Should these recommenda
tions be adopted,' the report adds, 'our naval force
will be strengthened by the addition of two first
class sailing frigates, and of seven first class steam
frigates, capable of mounting fifty guns each,there
being no steamer at present of more than len guns.
My opinion is, it would be sound policy to dispose
of such vessels as are deemed unfit for service as
vessels of war.' This branch of the report concludes
with a recommendation for the establishment of
machine shops, and an increase of enlistment men
from the present number—seventy-five hundred—
to ten thousand.
Under the head of 're-organization of the navy,'
the Secretary recommends a retired list on reduced
pay, for the faithful who have become infirm: the
discharge of the inefficient who have no claim on
the bounty of their government for the service ren
dered: promotion regulated by capacity and merit,
and not by mere seniority of commission, pay to
some extent controlled by sea service. A board of
officers of various grades, to be selected by the Pres
ident, can bs convened periodically to report to him
the names of those who, in their judgment, should
be made subjects of the rules prescribed, but their
report to be binding on the President only so far
as he deems proper. A system of rewards and pun
ishments to the sailors, and honorable discharge, is
suggested as a means of encouraging more perma
nent enlistments, &c.
The Secretary is decidedly opposed to the resto
ration of flogging in the navy. He also calls atten
tion to the Naval Academy, Navy Yards, &c., and
with regard to the basin and railway at San Fran
cisco, for which an appropriation was made last
Congress, leaving the construction of the work dis
cretionary with the Secretary of the Navy, he con
siders, although it would be useful, it is not neces
sary.
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR
This document, states the authorized strength of
the U. S. Army to be 13,821 men and officers; but
the actual strength, according to the latest returns,
is only 10,417, of which number 8,738 are employ
ed in the frontier departments, or are now on their
way to them. He says, further, that the measures
taken for the protection of our frontiers have been
successful; that the troops everywhere have been
actively and constantly employed ; that Indian dep
redations have ben comparative)) , unfrequent, and,
except, in California and Oregon, have not attained
more than a local importance. New posts are to
be established in the Indian country west of the
Mississippi, in more favorable positions, to enable
the Department to dispense with a number of the
smaller and lees important posts. A greater force
is also to be employed for the protection of the
emigrants crossing the plains. A. majority of the
cases of Indian depredations in Texas which have
come to the knowledge of the Department, have
been by Indians from Mexican territory. Maj. Gen
eral Smith, aided by an experienced officer of en.
gineere, is selecting sites for permanent fortifica
tions-on the Rio Grande, one of which will be op
posite El Paso and another at the Camanche cross
ing. It is the intention of the Department that,
as soon as possible, considerable force shall be
sent to the Pacific coast, and one of the Brigadier-
Generals of the Army ordered to the command.—
Nine companies of artillery are posted in Florida
to aid the effort now in progress there to effect the
removal of the Indians. Coercive measures are to
be used if found necessary. Two of the regiments
of artillery are to be arranged on the Canadian
frontier and the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, a third
on the Rio Grande boundary, and u fourth on the
Pacific coast. Of the cavalry regiments, one will
be required in Texas, one in New Mexico, and the
remaining are for the Western frontier. A. fourth
regiment of cavalry is Asked of Congress by the
Secretary. Three regiments of infantry are requi
red in Texas, besides two on the frontier west of
the Mississippi, one in New Mexico, and one in
the Indian country of the Pacific. It is the purpose
of the Department to post the troops in large bo
dies at commanding positions, instead of disper
sing them among numerous small posts. In con
sequence of the difficulty of keeping the ranks full,
the Secretary proposes—let, an increase of the
present pay of the common soldier; 2d, an addi
tional increase for each successive period of five
years, so long as he shall remain in the Army ; 3d,
. .
. - .
;revision for the promotion to the loireslogrades
.of'aommitsioned - offit.eie of such of thkoitti-com
m,estoned Officeri-Of.thefirmy?le mayita',:tOultft.
qualified for, and *their - . chirictist and.:Mirvicei
entitled to, such advaneapent. Alio, that - every
soldier who, having bean honorably disoliartiaif
from the service of the.lliited States, shall, within
one month thereafter, re;tinlist,.shali be eirtitledlo
'two dollars per month" ri addition' to the - ordinary
pay of hie grade for the first enlistment, and a fur
ther sum of one dollar per month for each succes
sive period of five years, so long as he shall remain
continuously in the Army.. The Secretary argues
elaborately in favor of the increase of the(Army,
showing the actual necessity for such a Measure.—
ife recommends that the minimum organization of
all coinpanies tie fized,-aa in the mounted riflemen,
at 64 privates, and that there be added to the pres
ent military establishment one regiment of dra
goons and two regiments of riflemen, which would
gives minimum organization of 15,528 officers and
men, which may be expanded, if the limit fixed by
the law of June 7th, 1850, be continued, to 17,-
414, and on a war' establishment, of 128 privates
per company, to 27,818, thus providing for a state
of war as effective increase or from 10,000 to 12,.
000 men without the creation of new regimenta.—
General Scott recommends a larger increase. The
Secretary recommends, also, that another compa
ny of sappers and miners be added to the engineer
corps.
THE TREASURY REPORT
The Report of the Secretary of the Treasury has
been published. The actual receipts for the last
fiscal year amounted to $75,969,710 77—the actual
expenditures, $54.029,818 21—balance in, the
Treasury, July 1, '53, $21,942,892 56. The bal
ance July 1, >55, is estimated at $15,208,327,-
80. The Secretary recsmmends a change in the
Tariff—to arrange all the articles paying duty into
two classes, one to pay a duty of 100 per cent.
and the other a duty of 25 per cent. This arrange
ment, it is thought, will reduce the revenue deri
ved from our imposts, about $4,500,000 to $45,-
000.000—which is considered the proper sum un
til the public debt shall be paid. On the subject
of the duty on iron, he says:
"It is not proposed to cliange the principle of
ad valorem duties, but is for the consideration of
Congress whether a specific duty on iron, made
from the average of the last three or four years, ad
valorem duties, might not give a greater stability
to tho iron business, and more satisfaction to con
sumers, and, at the same time prove equally ben
eficial to the revenue."
He also recommends thet salt be admitted free
•of duty. He adds that experiments have been or
dered to be made at the U. S. Mint, with a view
to discover whether a coinage of an alloy resem
bling German silver, may be beneficially substitu
ted for copper.
Congressional.
In the Senate, on Thursday last, Mr. Hunter of
Virginia, announced the death of Vice President
William R. King, in an eloquent eulogy. on his life
and services. He referred especially to his distill.
guished amiability, unblemished honor and clear
judgment.. He alluded to the great weight of his
personal character, and said that every step in his
life was crowned with glory. Senators Clayton,
Cass, Everett and Douglass followed in beautiful
and impressive addresses. The usual resolutions
were adopted, and the Senate adjourned until Mon
day. The House took up Mr. Bayley's resolution
to the effect that the House will elect its own Li
brarian. A motion was made to lay the resolution
on the table, but it was lost, the vote being yeas
94, - nays 108. At this point a message was re
ceived from the Senate, announcing the proeeedings
in reference to the death of the Vice President.—
Mr. Harris of Alabama, made an impressi - te speech
on the life, character and public services of the dis
tinguished deceased. Other members followed, and
after adopting apprdpriate resolutions, the House
adjourned until Monday.
CITY AND COUNTY ITEMS
ITI Miss ANTOINETTE L. BROWN will deliver a
lecture in Fulton Hall, on the evening of the 20th
inst., at 7,4 o'clock. Tickets of admission can be
obtained at Murray & Stoek's, and at Spangler's
Bookstores.
IP. MARTIN HEITLII4 Esq., bas been ad
mitted to practice law in the several Courts of this
county.
fEr A complimentary Ball will be given to Mr.
Jacob brDonnel, the excellent and obliging Janitor
of Fulton Hall, on Thursday the 22d inst.
DEDICATION.—The "Church of God" of Eliza
abeth, in this county, intend dedicating their new
Bethel, on Saturday nexr.
FAIR.—The Ladies connected withthe First Pres
byterian Church, of this city, will hold a Fair, for
the exhibition and sale of useful and fancy articles,
in the Second Saloon of Fulton Hall, on Thursday
next, the 15th inst.
Irr - Those of our friends who feel inclined to
indulge in the luxury,of fine, fat, well flavored Oys
ters, can be suited to a nicety by calling upon Mr.
WILLIAM Keuxz, who has taken the Saloon im
mediately under the Post Office, in Centre SquaA,
formerly kept by Mr. Samuel Kissinger, and fitted
it up in handsome style. Give him a call—and
you will find him attentive and obliging in every
respect ; besides will get the worth of :your money
—and no mistake.
Deluxe Rommay.—We learn from the Manheim
Sentinel, that on Saturday, night week, the store
cellar of Messrs. Arndt & Worley, the wash-house
of Mr. H. Arndt, and the cellar under the dwel
ling of Mr: John Arndt, all of that Borough, were
entered during the absence of the proprietors, and
a quantity of provisions and liquor carried ff.—
Several articles of clothing were also taken from
the yard of the latter. •
fr7A meeting of the surving soldiers of the
war of 1812, in Lan. county, is to be held in this
City, on the 26th inst., for the purpose of appoint
ing delegates to the State Convention.
- -
ANOTHER Disramssian Accinzsx.—On Sunday
afternoon last, a little daughter of Thomas E. Frank
lin, Esq., of this City, aged between 5 and 6 years,
whilst at her grandfather's, Col. Mayer, in North
Queen street, accidentally fell into a well in the
cellar, and was drowned. She was seen fall, and
remained only a short time in the water; but all ef
forts to resuscitate her were unavailing. She is rep
resented as hav ir g been a very interesting child,
and the blow is a severe one on the fond parents,
who have thus been plunged into thedeepest distress.
Verily, "in the midst of life we are-in death."
SAD ACCIDENT.-A man named Mr. T. Rona,
from Drumore twp, was killed in East King street,
near Centre Square, on Saturday morning last.—
He and his brother had come to the city, during
the night, to attend market, and while proceeding
with their wagon and horses, from Sprecher's Ho
tel to Market Square, about 3 o'clock, the decea
sed walking before carrying a lantern, a horse that
had run off with a butcher wagon came in contact
with them, killing the man and one of his horses.
The shaft of the butcher wagon penetrated the
breast of Mr. Roberta' horse about 18 inches.—
Aged about 60 years and a man without family.
PRISON STAnsucs.—The number of prismers
confined in the Lancaster County Prison, during
the month of November, was as follows:
Convicts, 33
For Fines and Costs, , 7
Awaiting trial, 40
Drunkenness and Vagrancy, 34
Total, • 114
Discharged dUring the same period, by expiration
of sentence by writ of Hebeas,Xorpue, on tail,
&c., 46. Leaving on the first day of December,
sixty-eight inmates, of which there were
Convicts, 32
For Fines and Costs. 6
Awaiting trial, 13
Drunkenness and Vagrancy, 17
Total, 68
Of which number 65 are males and 3 females.
FRANKLIN' AND MAINMALL COLLEGE.—In Our
last we mentioned that the contract for erecting
the College buildings had been awarded to H. P.
Smith, Esq. We understand the plan adopted is
of the Collegiate Gothic style, about,ll9 ft. front,
three stories high, to contain six class rooms, each
large enough to accommodate 65 pupils, and, a
chapel large enough to seat 450 pupils. There is
to be a central stone tower, with lour pinnacles,
to contain a clock and bell. The plan is each, as
to allow at any future time additions being made,
without inconvenience or impairing the symmetry
of the structure. Mr. Smith's contract also calls
for the sinking of a well of sufficient depth io
se
cure a sufficiency of water.
Our Book Table.
PETERSON commences the new volume in hand
some style, fully redeeming his pledge made in ad
vance. The January number is already on our ta
ble, and is beyond doubt, the best and,most inter
es-ina* number he has yet issued. The . book con
tainsforty-seven articles, in prose and poetry, fiorn
several of the best literary writers of the country,
and. the following engravings are added by way of
embellishment, viz:
I—The Thunder Storm. 2—Fashions for Jan
uary. 3—Rebekah at the Well. 4—The Critics.
s—The 'Morning of Love. 6—The interview. 7
and B—The Bragauza Mantelet and Mantean Ab
eille. 9—The Adelaide. 10 to 27—Illustrations
for Shell Work. •
GxaLsoN's PICTORIAL, of 'Saturday last, in addi
tion to its other attractions, has a Plate of Fashions
for the month of December. There a number of
other very fine engravings.
V" A disastrous conflagration occurred,, in
Franklin Square, New York, which consumed six
teen buildings—amongst others the entire estab
lishment of the Messrs. Harper, Publishers. Loss
estimated at $750,000.
-.]Er We copy the tollowing from the New York
papers of last week, and are pleased with the con
duct of our fellow "towisman, Cu!. Yisroaar, one
of the Commissioners on the ' part of Pennsylvania
at the 'Crystal Palace,' who has so-ably represent
ed the tte,interestii, of his State:
NATIONAL CONVENTION OF INVENTORS
The members of the 'lnventors' Protective Na
tional 'Union' met at the Pantheon, - Broadway, on
Monday, and Col. J. Franklin Reigart, of Lancas
ter city, Pa., was unanimously chosen Jo. act as
President pro tern. in the absence of the President,
T. G. Clayton, of Virginia. Mr. Reigart returned
his thanks or the honor conferred, and said his
heart was sincere in the desire to see the National
Inventors' Association flourish. He believed the ex
istence of such an Association was essential to the
interest of American Inventors, and thought the
Crystal Palace exhibition sodemonstrated, andhoped
the Inventors would uphold their Associatidn, so
important to themselves and the 'country at large.
Hammond Howe, Esq., of Cincinnati, Record.
ing Secretary,' then read the - minutes of the last
meeting.
The Secretary then stated that at a previous
meeting it was resolved to invite some competent
gentleman to deliver an address before the 'Union,'
and that in accordance therewith a committee has
been appointed and waited upon the Hon. H. L.
Ellsworth for that purpose; but that gentleman ex
pressed his inability to accede to the request of the
inventors, on account of his liinited stay in the city.
Mr. Ellsworth, however, said he highly appreciated
the object in view, and believed the nation would
be found willing to protect inventors. An invita
tion was then forwarded to Professor Mapes request
ing that gentleman to deliver a lecture before the
'
Mr. Wm. Palmer,.of North Carolina, said he was
daily finding new proofs of the great advantages to
inventors of the Association, (Mr. L. B. Page,) the
Commissioner in charge from Connecticut, a de
scription of his invention, and in a few days after
he (Mr. Palmer) received from the office at Wash-
ington all the necessary information regarding the
patenting of his silage. Now, hadnefiad made direct
application to the Patent Office for the information
sought, he would have been compelled most likely
to wait many modals for an answer, besides being
put to a heavy expense.
The Association then adjourned to. meet at 7
o'clock, P. M.
Agreeably to adjournment the Association again
met. Mr. W. Salmon, of Illinois, was called upon
to preside, when several able addresses were deliv
ered.
Mr Otis, of Syracuse, urged the members pres
ent to make every effort to form State Associations
for the mutual benefit of American inventors.
Mr. Hammond Howe gave a very satisfactory
history of the previous proceedings of this Associa
tion, and several who were present came forward
and subscribed to the by-laws and became mem
bers:
Mr. Nutting, of Maine, spoke of the merits of
certain inventions andithe necessity of inventors not
making their inventions public, before applying for
letters patent in England, as any publication of the
invention, prevented the inventor from obtaining
letters patent there.
Mi. Coates, of Washington, praised the conduct
of the officer's of the Crystal Palace, and remarked
mat in view at that heautilid structute, having in it
.pecinielis 01 inventions and productions from al
most all pai!s of the world, we are forced to ask
onr,e;ses the questions, What ila we owe these ex
tramditiai y times? What ou we o•we to each oth
e; 1 Ile cangratialatell the inventors present upon
the courtesy and kindness extended to each other,
and their determination to harmonize and establish
a united action that will soon be the most popular
and influential association in Americs.
Col. Reigart, of Lancaster, then referred to the
history of Pennsylvania, her inventors and inven
tions. The first letters patent granted in Ameri c a
were issued July 18th, 1717 to Thomas Masters,
of Pniladelphia, Pennsylvania, for a machine for
'cleaning and refining Indian Corn,' and likewise
lot a machine for 'working and weaving straw for
hats.' And up to the year 1800, letters patent were
granted to citizensof PennsylVania 65;Massachusetts
50; New York, 40; Connecticut, 30; New Jersey,
19; Virginia, 14; New Hampshire, 10; Maryland,
10; Vermont, 9; South Carolina, 5; Rhode Island,
5: Georgia, 4; Delaware, 1; Tennessee, 1.
The following is a list of some of the most im
portant 41ventions and the names of the first Inven
tors and Patentees who were at the time citizens
of Pennsylvania:
Date of Patents
-1791 John Fitch of Philadelphia, received the first
letters patent for propelling Boats by Steam.
" Samuel Mulliken, of Philadelphia, for Thrash
ing Machine.
" do. for Marble cutting and polishing.
‘• do. for Napping Cloth.
" do. for Flax and Hemp Machine.
'• Henry Keyser, of Philadelphia, for manufac
turing Gun Powder.
" William Pollard, of Philadelphia, for machine
for spinning Cotton.
" Briggs & Son, of Philadelphia, for manufac
turing Nails.
" Henry Voight, of Philadelphia, for propelling
Boats by animal power.
" Francis Baily, of Philadelphia, Punches for
Types.
1792 David Ridgway, of Philadelphia, machine for
making Brick.
T. Kirk & J. Leslie, of York, Pa., machine
for weaving Wire.
1793 Robert Heterick, of Pa., Cast Iron Stove.
" e Robert Leslie,, of Philadelphia, for Bells.
" do. double pendulum for Clacks.
" Edward Ryan, of Pa., for Pot and Pearl Fur
naces.
1794 John Biddis, of Pa., for Paper Making Ma
chine.
'• Alexander Anderson, of Pa., 'Distilling by
Steam Still.
" James Fernel, of Pa., for manufacturing Salt.
• •' Benjamin Wyokoop, of Philadelphia, for pro
pelling Boats.
" do. Nautical Ventilators.
" do. Pendulous Bellows for pumping Ships.
" Elisha Rigg, of Pa., Hydro Mechanical pump.
" John Barclay, of Pa., Bark Mill.
1796 Oliver Evans, of Philadelphia, Flour Mill,
. Elevators, Hopper Boy and Millstone Burrs.
" Jonathan Roberts, Jr. of Pa. machine for win
nowing Seed.
" IsaajGarretson, of Pa. nails cutting and head
ing, also Rigging Vessels.'
1797 Charles W. Peale, of Pa. Bridges.
" John Fowler, of Pa. concentration of calcar
eous earths.
Jonathan Curtis, of Phil'a. Grist Mill.
" Jesse Kersey, of Pa. Fire Engine.
1799 Henry . Abbot, of Pa. Coal Stove.
Chester Gould, of Phil'a. Log for Ships.
In 1742, Benjamin Franklin, of Philadeldelphia,
invented the celebrate'd — Franklin Stove, and in, the
summer of 1752, he drew the forked lightning from
the clouds, and by ingenious contrivances, instituted
at Philadelphia, new experiments and observations
on Electricity, which startled the enlightened phil
osophers of the world.
Robert Fulton, born A. D. 1765 , . in the county
of Lancaster, State of Pennsylvania, has placed the
United States and the whold world under everlast
ing obligations. The huge steamer, laden with the
treasures of the earth, which now plows the swell
ing ocean, and like a great sea monster, puffs forth
fire and smoke, or at early morn, like a fantastic
fairy, sports with the 'salute of the golden sun,' and
skims across the sparkling waves, was the gigan
tic contrivance of this school-boy of Lancaster co.
Sir David Brewster, the President of the 'British
Association for the advancement of Science,' lately
delivered one of the most splendid addresses we have
ever read, in which the .highest and most deserved
compliment is paid to Daniel Kirkwood, who was
formerly a Teacher in the Academy at Lancaster,
and now a resilient of Pottsville, Pennsylvania.—
He has placed his name beside that of the illustri
ous Kepler and the most distinguished. discoverers
in Astronomy. His new discovery among the
arithmetical relations of the planetary elements,
makes 'Kirkwood's Law' the true science of As
tronomy.
David Rittenhouse,
the famed American Philos
opher, born April; 1732, near Germantown, Pa.;
his improvements in Mechanics, Mathematics, Ati
tronomy, and other liberal arts and sciences, raised
hisreputation to the highest grade. 'The union of al
most unbounded genius, great acquirements in sub
lime science, and wonderful abilities in Philosoph
ical Mechanism, with an amiable and virtuous char
acter, excited that celebrity so justly attached to
.his name.
In the War of the Revolution, in 1812, and in
the Mexican War, Pennsylvania's soldiers were
among the 'Bravest of the Brave.' •
Mad Anthony Wayne, the Farmer of Chester
county, with the wild and desperate cry, 'Remem
ber Paoli!' made Despots tremble, and the brave
spirit of Cadwallader, made Pennsylvanians proud.
Gen. Muhleoberg hastily leaves the sacred 'desk,
and rushing forth to battle, is found fighting for the
liberties we enjoy, and next standing in the halls
of legislation, with firm justice, framing the civil
laws of a free Republic.
In our Navy, Commodore Charles Stewart, born
in Philadelphia, has for fifty years gallantly and'
triumphantly borne the Flag of his country,
'Thio! fire and smoke, and wind, and wave,
On every sea Britannia called her own.'
.. •
The ship Pennsylvania, the largest sail ship afloat
was built at Philadelphia.
In Architecture, the Girard College, the U. S.
Bank, at Philadelphia, and the Steeple of the Luth
eras Chulmiziff C caster City, may be pointed lean fotests; was: nade near Philadelphia, and the
to as gems cirait*d as the best and'proudest moo- Christian era' does not bear testimony f a more
timents of A.rchiteetiiiitin the land. exalted-event. It was concluded under the tower-
The Farmers of Pennsylvania are the real 19rds -big Elm Tree, Whose earth-bound root was house
of
‘ the toil. They : live more independently thrufanys Crated by the Indian's 'Griat Mantis,' as it raised
Princes on earth, - Lancaster, Lebanon, Chester, its shady head toward Heaven, and every bough
Bucks and Montgomery counties prove the aster- .and evrry leaf in
tine; butLallesitar:Aounty is not only the 'garden `Silence-holy kept.' •
of'PenosYhoSrilar hiri the greatest county in the It - wat there, that the artless children of the
Union. Its mines of silver, iron, copper, lead and 'wilderness tee - awed the presents of William Penn;
zinc; its Ore Banks, Furnaces, Forges, Factories accepted his gills, and in sincerity and friendship
and Mills; its fine.cattle and Conestoga teams; its gave him the best of Wampum, the most beautiful
Swisser Barns and Granneries are unequalled.— work of their own hands. Great Nature's blessings
Whichas not heard of the - late Benjamin Herr, the rested upon that whole assembly. No signatures or
King of the Manor.' Ask the Shipping Merchants .teals ratified their act, no bath to confirm their
of Baltimore, Philadelphia and New York cities, of brotherly love. That God-like Treaty of Peace
the many thousand barrels of Benjamin Herr's best was made at the river's bank, under the open sky,
superfine Flour exported by them. Ask the cattle with the radient sun-beams delighting the minds of
dealers where they bought the fattest beeve. See all, whilst the 'Red Men of the Forest' with pathet
that crowd of persons standing around a Cones- is eloquence exclaimed 'We, as with the sound of
toga wagon, from which so many barrels of many waters, will live in love with William Penn
the finest-Flour are conveyed into an immense ware- and his children, as long as the moon and sun shall
house, at the railway depot, and listen to their ex. endure.
pressions of admiration of the noble animals attach- Again: The greatest and wisest invention that
ed, that are tossing their heads to the sound of nil- History has recorded, was contrived, erected and
very bells suspendd over their graceful manes.= completed on-Pennsylvania's soil, and its comple
Presently a powerfully framed nature's nobleman tion astonished the cunning Inventors of past times
(-with a stern coentenance, sunburnt, and strongly more than the lever, the screw, the iron horse, the
marked features, and heavy eyebrows shielding the lightning wires, steam power, or gun-powder. All
keenest black eyes,) cracks his enlivening whip, the trained bands and disciplined troops of Russia
and the 'King of the Manor' is before-you. His eyes Turkey, France and the English Lion crouch be
cannot encompass all his fields ofgrain and waving fore this eternal frame work of hammered out, riv
corn, neither can his numerous Flouring Mills and eted, ponderous perpetual motion, and all their fleets
his large Swisser Barns, store away all the produc- armed with the nations of Europe cannot disturb
tions of that fruitful Manor, its motion or oppose it. 'Tis more powerful than
His corn, his cattle, were his only care, the Engines.ot war and battering rams of old. 'Tis
And his supreme delight, a country lair.' more terrible to the nations of the Earth than a
Some few years ago, a stage coach reached the wall of fire. All the strength and wealth of the
hotel of Mr. E. Parker, in the city of Lancaster, world cannot devise a more sublime Invention. It
and among the passengers who arrived, was Daniel has made America rich and the envy of the world
Webster, the intellectual Giant of the East. Mr. Its contrivance,
like a brilliant light, has drawn
Webster had no sooner stepped into the parlor, than millions of the down trodden of Europe to tnis land.
a crowd of citizens pressed forward to greet him, to view its glorious merits, its novel, grand con-
Among that crowd was a thrifty Farmer, and his struction, and earth shaking operation. With all
brawny hands grasped Mr. Webster's, with a hearty its mighty bolts and screws, its double locks and
greeting. A real King and real Giant had met— double gates, and frightfully explosive combination
and whilst the crowd stood amazed, the worthy. it is r.evertheless, more perfect in symmetry, and
Farmer in the honest simplicity of his heart, ex- more beautiful to the eye, than the finest sculpture.
claimed, 'Mr. Webster I am heartily glad to see Its operation gives meat, drink and clothing to ev
you. 'Not more glad than I am to see you. ' ' re- ery American citizen. It is the American's might
plied Mr. Webster. 'But' continued Mr. Herr, 'you lest sword, passport, protection and safeguard in
do not know how much I wish I were so great a every foreign land, and like the building of Solo.
man as you.' Thar,' said Mr. Webster, 'is the men's Temple, it is holy and hallowed, and its
greatest compliment I ever received. Give me sir, magnificent proportions were constructed by the gi
your beautiful Manor, dial call me the 'King of the "antic geniuses of the land under the dictation of
Manor,' and you shall be Daniel Webster.' N o Divine Providence. Its every part was cemented
sooner said than the 'King' took hold of the 'Giant's' with blood, on the solemn pledge of Fortune, Lite
arm and led him to the door, where stood waiting, and Sacred Honor, of the wisest inventors that ever
a pair of the noblest Conestoga steeds, harnessed to God created It was the original inventing, penning
a famous Carryall, and away they rode to enjoy framing and publishing the SACRED DECLARA•
the nospifalities and luxuries of this far famed Con- TION OF THE INDEPENDENCE OF Tfillt
estoga Manor. TEEN IMMORTAL UNITED STATES. Tell
Behold the Public Improvements of Pennsylva- this to the world! and the Nations of the Earth
nia. Her Medical Colleges, her Libraries, and her will revere the 'Land of the Free and the Home of
beautiful 'system of Common School Education,' the Brave,' and all honor will forever be ascribed
and to maintain the whole, her immense mountains to the Land of Penn.
of valuable minerals are every day developing rich- 'A broad and ample road whose dust is gold
er arid inexhaustible natural resources. And pavement stars, as stars to thee appear,
Where are to be found greater intellects than Seen in the galaxy '
Horace Binney as a lawyer, and the late Judge Gib
son as a Jurist? David Ramsay as an American
Historian; Rev. H. Muhlenberg the illustrious Bot
anist; Lindley Murray as a Grammarian; Caspar
Wistar as an Anatomist; Benjamin Rush as a t hy
sician; Philip Physic and George Al:Melia:id as Sur.
geons; Robert J. Walker as a Financier; James Bu.
nclianan, -Penneylvania's favorite son,' as a States.
mam.aild last. not least, the present distinguished
Governor of Pennsylvania, William Bigler, the
practical Printer?
, Where is there a city to excel Philadelphia, in
her immense mercantile transactions, her industri.
°us and talented citizens, her Fairmount Water
Works, her beautiful and cleanly streets, her hand
some dwellings and lovely Quakeresses, the fairest
of the fair; tier towering edifices, her most celebra
ted Medical Colleges, her Asylums, her Orphan's
College erected by the generosity of that remark.
able merchant, Stephen Girard—and her healthy
open , squares. Most honored will she be, so long
as Independence Hall is sacredly preserved.
The City of Pittsburg, is the Birmingham of
America, the most extensive and useful workshop,
the Volcanic Crystal Palace of the land.
The City of Reading is a beautiful city, and from
its 'Neversink' hill the citizens - enjoy the most
charming view, of the far famed county of 'Old
Berks,' celebrated for her railways, slack water nav
igations and delicious Wines, and still more for the
hardiest, most honest and boldest sons of Republi
can ism,
Lancaster City is located in the centre of the
county styled the 'Garden of, Pennsylvania,' the
home, the land of Robert Fulton, and is the health-
jest city Sr. the world. Her beautiful Churches, Ful
ton Hall Buildings, and her Cotton Factories are
among the moat complete and 'handsome huildings
of the kind, in the United States. Her Foundries,
Machine Shops, and Shops lot, building Lps,omo
tives; her magnificent Court House, elegint Dry
Goods Stores, Gas Works, Water Works, supplying ,
the whole city with fresh Spring water; her numer
ous
and most ably conducted newspapers; her flour- I
ishing Common Schools, and School Houses, her
pride and honor. There are already twenty arge
and commodious brick buildings erected, all in the
same neat style, one story in height, with fine por
ticos, and located in spacious grounds, beautifully
shaded and enclosed, in different parts of the city,
where some 2000 scholars enjoy recitation rooms
and the most ample and delightful play grounds,
and all are crowded with the healthiest children,
receiving instruction in every branch of education,
from the ablest Teachers, and already the name of
Thomas H. Burrowes, is founded with this most
admirable system. What other citizens can feel
more virtuous pride than those of Lancaster?
Go throtigh the cities of Pennsylvania, and you
will see wool, cotton, silk, fur, gunpowder, cannon
gun, pistol and fire arms manufactories—surgical,
medical and astronomical instrument makers—ships,
steamboats, diving dresses, life preservers, and all
kinds of maritime implements. Steam engines,
steam boilers and locomotive engine manufactories
machine shops and all the mechanical powers.--
Travel into the interior of the, State, and you will
find the best and most useful agricultural imple
ments of every variety and device in constant ope
ration, 'making . two blades of grass now „where
only one grew before.' Immense Furr,aces and
Forges; and you will hear the clanking and groan
ing chain pumps in the deed recesses of inexhaust
ible coal, iron, copper, zinc and lead mines. Your
ears will rattle with the sounds of grain mills, saw
mills horse powers and winnowing machines. Your
eyes will glisten at the sight of many water wheels
wind mill and hydraulic rams. The roads are cov
ered with cars, carriages, carts and wagons, cros
sing and recrossing railways, bridges, canal locks
wiers, dams and inclined .planes. We have sawing,
planing and mortising machines and all kinds of
carpenter's tools. We have potteries, glass-making,
brickmaking, dressing and preparing stone and
clay in all their novel varieties. We have tanne
ries, currying shops, boot, shoeand hat manufacto
ries. We have jewelry, musical instruments,clocks,
book and book-binding, printing and paper manu
factories. You are all made heartily welcome to
our dwellings and fire sides, and there you find ev
ery comfort of stoves, grates, chandeliers, lamps,
paintings, and every variety of household furniture
and cooking utensils whilst every table is filled with
the best bread, beef, butter, cheese, pickles and pre
serves that the world can produce.
• To the mind of the Pennsylvania Mechanician,
the Pennsylvania inventor already learned in the
useful arts, there is nothing' impossible; his cool and
deliberate purpose once fixed, is victory and triumph
and whilst the eye of envy and the tongue of slaa
ner have done all that they could, do, to thwart his
untiring patience and genius the 'clay before his in
vention; the day.after, be is hailed as a benefactor
of mankind, and one of the Fathers of civilization.
The PENNSYLVANIA. INVESTOR. IS NOW THE MAs-
Tan Or NATIONS, and hills and Jules, rivers, lakes
and oceans are covered with the creations of his
mighty mind. A citizen of Philadelphia first drew
the lightning from the clouds, and through his dis
coveries messages are now swiftlytransmitted from
one end of the land to the other, startling millions
of men into a new existence; and whilst the inven
tive mind of Fulton launched the huge steam mon
ster from 'our shores, and drove it across the crest
ed tops of the mighty waves, with its majestic bow
beating back and dividing the fury of the midnight
storm, the genius and industry_of othet Pennsylva
nia Inventors have beautified our fertile lands with
meandering canals, tunnelled our cloud capped
mountains of precious gems, filled up our valleys,
and driving along the fiery chariot carrying thou
sands of human beings with lightning speed from
city to city, they havilluminated, with dazzling
brilliancy, the broad topf,:pf the 'Keystone,' the ex
treme height and strength of this glorious Arch,
and the term,s 'East, West; North and South ire
known no longenr
Pennsylvania has not yet been accorded her just
merits, although she has produced the greatest In
ventors and brightest of Intellects, The day we
trust is not far distant when her true worth will be
more brilliantly, inscribed upon the scroll of Fame.
Aye! the time is fast, approaching, when some
bright intellect, that now adorns her Forum, shall
direct
'The pen to write, what man bath ne'er foretold.'
Pennsylvania is sacred ground. The East theMest
the North and the South must rely upon this sa
cred spot. Fanatics - have dared to raise their impi
ous hands, but they have fallen powerless upon the
'Keystone of the Arch.' The winds may howl,and
the waves may roar, but they cannot disturb the
peaceful land of Penn. 'Thus far shalt thou go,
but no farther!'
,The first grand Treaty with the sons of the Amer
Correspondence.
WILMINGTON, N. C., Nov. 25th, 1833
FRIEND SANDERSON :—As I will be likely to have
seine leisure time at command, while , taking a tour
through the Southern States, during the winter.
perhaps I could not employ it to better advantage
than in writing an occasional letter, touching things
•that may appear strange or interesting, as. I pass
along, from place to place. Should you coincide
with my views you are at liberty to publish the
following hasty and- desultor, sketch, written hero
while awaiting the departure of the Charleston cars.
Leaving that model of towns, the beautiful bor
ough of Marietta, on a cold, disagreeable, wet morn
ing, I proceeded with the usual detention—stopping
four hoots at Columbia, and two at York—to Bal
timore, where imposition, that curse of traveling
commenced. Arrived at the depot I knew from
the Conductor's time and Southern schedule that
I could easily drive to the Washington depot be
lore the starting of the train; but wishing to study
human nature in all its different phases, and at the
same time have a little amusement, I stepped up
to an Agent, whose business is to transport baggage
trom one depot to the other, and procure customers
for particular Hotels of the City, anti hastily en
quired if I were in time for the Washington 7 o'clk
train. "Unfortunately, sir," said he, looking at his
watch, "you are a little too late." "What House
do you stop at sir I" Finding however that I would
not patronize any of the houses in which he was'
interested, he again hurriedly drew forth his'time
piece, and discovered to his great surprise that lie
had made a slight mistake, and that I was still in
time.. I mention this circumstance, trilling in it
self, merely to give a general idea of the petty im
positions practised on all great thoroughfares, and
to which strangers are 'Compelled untortunately to
submit, not being possessed of the necessary infor
mation themselves. It were well, however, for per
sons to make themselves acquainted, as far as pos
sible, with the latest schedules of the routes which
they purpose traveling.
Taking the cars at 7 o'clock P. M., we aril - veil
in two hours at Washington, and took Omnibuses
to the Boat which plys between Washington Land
ing and Aquai Creek, a distance' of 55 miles. At
the latter place we again took the railroad to Rich
mond. I was extremely provoked at the circum
stance of being compelled to 'pass through the Cap
ital of the Nation, without having the pleasure of
even a hasty glance at its broad avenues, noble
structures, and beautiful environs. So dense was
the fog and dark the night that naught was to be
seen of the great City save the glare and glitter of
the Gas Lights; and having met with some agree
•
able company, proceeding in my direction, I was
loth to leave them, and therefore concluded to take
a view of Washington at a more convenient season.
Here is another disagreeable reflection connected
with traveling: we meet with fellow travelers, ev-.
ery now and then, in whom we become particular.
ly interested, and just when we have concluded
them the l 'eleverest fellows in the world, are forced
to leave them. Perhaps, too, some fair lady may
bewitch you with her agreeable, conversation, or
fascinate you with a smile, but when you least ex
pect it, she disappears, leaving you to ponder over
your short-lived happiness.
I was also disappointed in not being permitted
to pass down the Potomac by day-light, and gaze
upon its beautiful scenery, 'which .1 am told is high
ly romantic. Even 'MouNT VERNON I was not al
lowed to look upon, that sacred spot where rests in
peace the "Father of his Country."
We arrived at Richmond, the Capital of the Old
Dominion, on James River, early in the' morning,
and had an opportunity of taking a bird's-eye view
of the place, from one of the eminences which com
mand an entire prospect of the City. This beauti
ful and highly picturesque city is built upon a num
ber of small hills, and is divided into two parts by
, a small valley. Upon the most prominent parts of
these hills are erected the principal Public Edifices,
as well as many magnifiCent private residences.—
Its location is uncommonly delightful, and cannot
hail to excite the admiration of strangers, who may
be so fortunate as to view it from some of the high
er of those hills over which it is dispersed. The
river flowing from west to east, anti trembling,
foaming, and roaring, among a multitude of small
islands, clumps of trees, and myriads of rocks, con
stituting what are called the falls, together with
the beauty of the surrounding country, and noble
edifices, and private mansions of the city itself,
forms a finely varied and animated landscape, which
lat present have not time fully to describe. •
Here we again changed cars for Petersburg, un
the Appomattox, where omnibuses were in waiting
to convey us through the city to the depot of the
Roanoke R.ll. We left this place at 10 o'clock
A. M., and for twelve long hours passed through
one continued Pine Forest, with nothing but an oc
casional cotton field or woe-begone little village to
abreak the monotony of the scene. This, however,
It Should be understood, in justice to North Caro
lina, is the - most interior part of the State.
The turpentine in this section is veil nearly ex
hausted, and distillers are consequently removing
to other parts, where the business is remunerative.
The business for some time past has been quita,hic
relive, which may be inferred from the fact that
good Slaves now command as much as $250 each,
per annum;'sl2s a few years ago being considered
a high price. The business is likewise a very
healthy one; the Slaves grow sleek and fat at it,
notwithstanding they dislike it exceedingly at first.
The modus operandi of making turpentine is this:
a small box is cut in the tree near the ground, after
which it is scarred (the bark taken off) a few feet
above. The pitch now oozes through the sap, ac
cumulates on the surface, and runs into the box;
being accelerated by scraping with a hoe, made for
the purpose. When the boxes become full the pitch
is scooped out and carried to the distillery; it is
sometimes shipped to market, however, in a crude
state. When the trees are large -as many as four
boxes are cut on dtfferent sides of the tree, and the
bark stripped still higher each succeeding year.—
Trees carefully operated :upon will fait ten years;
yet many through bad management fail in three.
The Slaves through the barrens of North Caro
lina do not appear so comfortable as in other parts
of the South; their quarters being rather indifferent,
and their food, though substantial, somewhat coarse.
Neither are they so well clad as in other parts.
At Weldon, after waiting for the the Seaboard
train from Norfolk, we again changed cars for Wil
mington, where we arrived at 9 o'clock P. M.; ma
king our way through sand six inches deep, to the
Carolina Hotel, three-fourths of a mile distant from
the depot. 'Wilmington is a a place of some trade,,
inpitch, turpentine, and timber; arkis said to be
comparatively healthy, the smoke and gas arising