VOL. Lt.
PROFESSIONAL CARDS,
1 Dr. JI, M. Moore & Son, .
: : Dentists,
EESPECTTULI/Y announce to their; friends and
the public generally, that they stillcontinue to
practise Dentistry in,aJl its various branches.
ARTIFICIAL TEETH, inserted ’• *
upon • Pivot* ' Plate or- Atmospheric HffiaSSfci’
Pressure, from.a single tooth: to
full set; carious and decayed teeth r^A' 1
rendered isound and healthy by ‘ filling, abd
extracted with one-half the‘pain generalty experi-
55* Chargesjn all cases moderate. - >;■ .■
ft>"fJffi4ein North Queen * street, half a square
from the Court House, and Adjoining Col. George
Mayer’a Hardware Store, and . nearly opposite
Kauffman’s Hotel. , . - (april 30 »50-tf-14 :,
•‘How Beautiful!” “How Life-Like!?' ■
“HOW DELICATE AND FINE !”
SUCH arc a (ow of the expressions of the scores
ol visitors who daily throng to •
JOHNSTON’S DAGUEJIREQTYPE ROOMS,
td procure one of his elegqnt. Likenesses—-which,
for beauty of shading, depth of tone, and elegance
of finish, are unequalled by any picture? ever taken
in Lancaster, and unsurpassed by those taken by
the best artiste in the Jargcr^sities.
Groups of any number of persons neatly arranged
and taken on one plate.
Miniatures set in Lockets, Breast Pins,’Rings,
Stc., no matter how smidl. '
•/A beautiful assortment of Rosewood Frames and
Papier Mache Book Gases, constantly.on hand.—
Satisfaction in every instance, and pictures warran
ted'nottO'fade. :,i '
Johnston’s Daguerreotype Rooms, are in Kramph’s
Bailding, corner of North Queen Orange streets. .
July 23 •. . :v! . • • 2S-tf .
Dr. John McCalla, : -
' DENTIST, ■
no. s, east king street; Lancaster;
Feb. 18,1849.
JOHN fyIcOALLA, D. .D. S.y’atten*.
ded TWirfaH-eourses
and graduated with high honors in
the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, and from
his untiring energy, close f application and itudy of
the branches taught ini paid Institution, together*
with exhibitions of skill in the practice of his pro
fession, we feel ho hesitation in recommending him
as worthy of public Confidence and patronage.
C.A.Harris, M.D., D. D. S,,
Professor of Principles and Practice in the Baltimore
College of Dental Surgery. :
C. 0, Co;ne, D.,D. S.,
Prof, of Operative and Mechanical Dentistry, Balt
.College Dental Surgery.
BOARD OF;EXAMINERS :
E. Parmley, M. D., New York.
E. B. Gardette, M. D., Philadelphia.
S. P. Hullihen, M. D., Wheeling, Va.}:.
E..Townsend,D. D. 1 S., Philadelphia. .
E. Maynard, M. D.,; Washington, :D.U.
Lancaster, Nov, RL- -• . : 42-tt
JACOB L. GROSS.
Attorney at Law,
Centre.'Square; EPHRATA*—opposite
Gross' Hotel) - '
WHERE he will the practice of his
profession in all its various branches.
..Also Surveying—-and al( kinds of Conveyancing,
writing Deeds, Wills, Mortgages, Btating Adminis
trators and Executors’ Accounts, &c.,, with
racy and despatch. [April 23,’50-13-ly
Dentistry.
MESSRS.' REID -& : CARMAN, Dentists, re
spectfully inform their friends
and citizens of the city and county
of Lancaster, that they have removed
their office to No. 8, North Queen street, ovefcj.
F. Long’s Drug Store, where they can be found at
all times prepared to perform all operations upon
the teeth.'. Artificial teeth from ohe.to a full set in
serted on the raost'improvcd principle. Pivot teeth
inserted, cleansing, filing and extracting performed
with care, and all operations pertaining to the den
tal art, executed in the most skiliuUmanner, and
on the most moderate terms'.
April 9’50-ly-10J " REID & CARMAN,
BWEMnrasiT.,
Opposite Vankanan's { for'mcrly Hotels
North queen St., Lancaster, Pa.:
I heartily recommend to the people of Lancaster,
all others to whom this may come, Dr. Waylan,
Grndutc of the Baltimore College ofDental Surgery,
as a gentleman eminently qualified to practice his
profession in a skillful and scientific manner, and
ofmoral character that entitles him to all confidence.
I do also certify, that Dr. Waylan did obtain, as
the award of a Committee, consisting of DrJParmly
of New York, Dr. Roper of Philadelphia, and : Dr.
Noyes of .Baltimore,.a Q aae. of Instruments j ofiered
by the College as a greatest proficiency
in the study and art of Dentistry as taught in the
Institution.. : :
I do also certify that Dr. Waylan has operated
upon my mouth in a highly satisfactory manner.
Thos. E. Bond, Jn., A. M., M. D.
Professor of Special Pathology and Therapeutics in
the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery.
Lancaster, Dec. 11, } 49. 46-tf
REMOVAL.
JOHN M. AMWEG,
Attorney at Law,
HAS removed his office to the Southwest
Corner of Centre Square, next- door to G. H.
Bomberger, and two doors west of the Lancaster
Bank... [July 30-26-tf
WILLIAM S'. AMWEG,
Attorney at Law,
OFFERS bis professional services to the public.
He also kttends .to the collection of Pensions,
? and the prosecution' of all manner of claims,against
the general government. His residence in the city
of Washington' for-several -years, the experience
derived from the dutiesmf.the office, which he had
filled during that time, and the mode in which claims ;
of this sort.are most speedily adjusted, give the
.most ample, assurance that business placed in his
hands will be attended to >in such manner as can
-,not, fail to afford satisfaction.
Office in South Queen street, second house below
the Lancaster Bank.
Nov.'2o, 1849,
GEO, W. McELROY,
ATTORNEY AT LATf,
HAS removed his office next door td the Intel
ligencer Office,. Market Square, in the room
with’HißAM B. Swarr, Esq. j
Lancaster, April 2, 1860. 30-tf 1
Geo. W. Hunter,
ATTORNEY JT LAW.
OFFICE —North Duke street, one door above
Widmyer’s Cabinet Warerooras, in tbe office
'.recently occupied by John. F. Shroder, Eaq^
All kinds ofCoriveyancirig, Writing-Wills, Deeds,
Mortgages,, Accounts, &c;, will be attended to
, with correctness and despatch., ’ ,
April 12, ’6O ly-12
; : '.' u STJRQKON - ‘r‘ : '
i. ... OFFICE— /« A'ramph's Builfling,
j. "northeast:corner op | ;
OraHge iiiid Sorih Queen streets,
' PA. . '■
Lancaster, July 3/ : 1849. • tf-23
LAndis & black, i
ATTORNIES] AT LAW:
doors [below the Ltindaster Bank,
' South Queen Street, Lancaster, Penn'S. .
03“ All kinds of’3oriveniDg,Buckai'writihg Wills*
Deeds, Mortgages, Accounts,&c., wili beiattended
to.with correctness.and.despatch. ; , ; >.
Jaiiuary 16, 1849 ' 1 ‘!, 61 [
;' CHESNUT ST. HOUSE,
SAMUEL MILLER,
■'NO': ■i2tpsßBßW:‘Sl^:BdwetH its.,
v.itiLADELvniA. i ■■ ■■
.! fidAftUING; $ 1)00 PEE DAY. ‘J]
[may i4 ?y lB5O-ly-l6
'/"TIFTBOOKS and ANNUALS, the largest van*
aiid ini the most superb bindings, for rtdfe
- SPANGLER’S, j*
: J ; in -
Encourage Home Industry.
THE undersigned, thankful for-past favors',
respectfully vcallai attention to ■■ his 'Very
laTge and assortment:
of Ladies’, Genllesien?’, Misses’, and Boys’ Boots, y
Shoe?, SLimiEits/.&c., <s.onfid s ent tha,t all who favor
him with their patronage Will not; only be suited tn
their *Wants : --at all times and at tHe shortest notice
—but that they .will in . the end,-at-least five.
His .experience, in theVbusihesß is such as to ena
jable him to furnish' a FIRST BATE BOOT at a'
iprioe equally as low Qs’that : ei'ac(edfor?th'ecom- :
mon-Eastern “slop” work, .ait article; toqr often
palmed upon -the;,unwary fpr ; .horae. manufactured
goods. ' '
Persons fr.om the country, therefore, as well as
those residing in the city,'would do well by caltifcg
on the subscriber, .if they want a goodj serviceable
article. T i. . ..
-He may be found at hiaojd stand, Ni Queer! St.,
near Orange,' two doors above' the old Post Office.
[ADAM S. KELLER
" ly-46..
Dec. 10,155 Q. '. J.
Model Shoe Store.
TO ThE LADIES OF LANCASTER AND
VtCmTYi 'l
JAMES W.- informs his
friends and the he has .'purchased,
tho entire Stock, Fixtuf esi&c.pftbe Model Shoe
Store, recently fitted up. by James Corey, 3ec’d.
in East Orange •Stre'etjLarreaßter, where he is
pared i.toijaccommbdatei on theiiraost reasonable!
terms,;al) .who’.may .favor,, b*m ; with ;; a , call.
n every imaginable ytfr.
v! 41 'rieiy of ' l " "
Misses, and Chil
• i . dren’s shoes,
Andihb -his attention is .given; exclusively to this
branch of business he flattery himself that his.
establishment may confidently' assert'a claim'to
public patronage. .
His -manufactured articles consist; of. French
worked ;XJpper», Jenny .Linds, Sboetees, Walking
Shoes, Canadian Slippers, Ties, Boots, &c;
for Ladiea, Missps and' Chilardn^
Ladies ATetallic Golf Slippers, Boots & Buskins.;
■ mi ■> * MATERIAL ON- HAND:-
Frenoh'WOfckejd Uppefs, ; P.atent French Calf, Fran
cais slate-colored, whitd,i Tampico, morocco,
French dressed; black, ftali'an cloth,’.English black
kid, and Vte Bse d> ‘bronze Italian:
cloth, blue morocco,. South American .kidg ? black
English Lasting, fancy ’colored morocco, green,
red, and bronze, do., leather and boot do.,ntono*
coleted lasting, ‘red, do., [second irronririhg-' do.y
light' colored do., French Line
and gr?en,.do. v :i *
made to order.
He.would, also. Btatej-ihatlhe Lady who assisted
Mr; Corey will daily be in attendance for the pur
pose of taking the measureitor customer work and
attehding sales. jErHp respectfully solicits pat-
allwho niay ; patronize him, that
no effort will be spared to gitfe general satisfaction.
"Mending promptly attended t 0.., ,
• : JAMES W. QUINN.
No. 3, Kramph’s Orange st.
Dec. 17, 1850. j; ! I .jV .'.ly-47
‘"s TOWER HALL
4 AGAIN TRIUMPHANT!
Still;far ahead of all .Competitors!’ The richest
stock of Goods in Lancaster!
MT. FORD, proprietor of*the great Tower
# Hall Clothing Store, desirous oi returning
his sincere thanks to the immense number of per
sons he has secured within the pasYtwo years'; avails
himself of this
same time extends a hearty {invitation tohis .friends
in particular, and the public in general, to call'and
examine the , i '* *. ‘ »
SPLENDID ASSORTMENT OF GOODS;
he has just received from Njew York and Philadel
phia. The immense amount sold from day to day
is the best evidence of their superior qualitj&and
cheapness, while the happy) looks of his customers
as they leave his establishment with their well filled
parcels of clothing, speak more plainly than words,
their satisfaction.. It, is a fixed principle of his, to
receive no money for which he cannot giyo>a full
equivalent, and render the most perfect satisfaction.
He takes/pleasure ,in referring to the fact of/his
having teen engaged lor ten. years as foreman iii
the largest and most celebrated Clothing-house in
Philadelphia, and is well known through Lancasf-er
county for his superiority as a cutter, and his un
approachable-style in getting, up splendidly made
ind fitting Clothing, he trusts that v those in want
of good garmentSj.cut and! made expressly as the
purchaser desires it, will give him a. call. As to
the prices of his goods,, he will only state that he
is prepared to sell at least i
THIRTY PER CENT. LOWER
than any other house in Lancaster. 03" Don’t forget
the location, idirectly opposite Vankanan’s hotel,
in North Queeh St.,‘Lancaster.
He also' pleasure! in stating, that he has
secured the services of J. C- FOX, long and favor
ably known tb the public, as an experienced sales
man, and a clever fellow, j Mr. Fox presents his
compliments to his old friends, and respectfully in
vites them to! come and see'him at
Fold’s Tower. Hall Clothing Store.
n.ov .19 i j 43-tf
Pandemonium of Felons.
AN ORIGINAL, THRILLING AND TRUE
| HISTORY.
OF an extensive and powerful confederacy of
marauders and murderers, which but a few
years since swept the whole valley of the Missis
sippi, as with a blasting sirocco of crime, is now
publishing in the NATIONAL POLICE GA
ZETTE.
narrative is from the graphic pen
of the edUors, is collated from official documents
and othefauthentic and entitled the
BRIGANDS OF iTHE WEST.
In this history the reader is introduced to crime
in ail its terrible phases. j -The secret councils of
desperadoes, in the lone log-cabfns of the bound
less forest, are exhibited in\ vivid colors, their mode
of life and hair breadth escapes described, their
plans of operation developed with minutenes, and
their deeds of blood and atrocity,-which spread
terror throughout the whole western part of the
Union, portrayed with fidelity. • The whole com
prises an intensely exciting episode of the daring
adventures-and skilful' manoeuvres of an official
Justice. The National Police Gazette is published
every Thursday morning,'theweek ending Decem
ber;7th, contains jhe fourfirst chapters of the work,
in which will be found an account of
John tong.
THE HUMAN PRAIRIE WOLF.
" The *.< Brigands of the! West” will be contin
iued weekly in the National Police Gazette until
; finished, and will form the most wonderful and in
teresting work ever published in this immensely
'popular journal. j 1 -
. The National Poli:e Gazette is now in the full
tide of successes circulation of 40,000 copies pro
ving the esteem in Which it is held by the public.
Its weekly interest being greatly enhanced by this
neW <e Life of the Felons,” the present will be a
favorable opportunity for new readers to commence.
furnishing themselves with copies. Agents also,
will dp well to increase their orders. Office of
publication. JOS, Nassau street, New York. Sub
scription $2 per year, $1 tor six. months; back
numbers* furnished when required. Single copies
four cents.
Dec. 17* > 6t-47
Country Merchants
ARE earnestly, solicited: to call at Dr. Rawlins?
Medical Hall) North. Queen street, Lancaster*
and-.examine the quality andprices of Drugs, Dye
Stuffs, Spices/Oils, Essences, Perfumery, Fancy
Soaps, Patent Medicines, &c., &c. . •
april 16 . 12-ly
Extract of American 01,
FOR the cure of Burns, Scalds, Bruises, wounds,
Sore; Ring Worm, Scald Head, &c;
Sold wholesale and retail at Dr.' RAWLINS*
ical Hall, Nonh Queen strreet. .
, i may 14 16
Roussel’s Amadine,
EOR the cure ana prevention of the chapped
Hands, An additional Supply just received and
for pkle at ' * / CHAS, A, HEJNITSH»S,' 1 1
Drug and Chemical Store, No. 13 East-King at:
oct 22 ' ; 39-lm ,
The Compound Purgative Plllg,.
PREPARED by Dr. RAWLINS, and sold whole-
and retail- at his Medipal Hall, North Queen
ist.jj.Lancaster, and at hi a Wholesale'and Retail
| Drug and - Chemical ' stord, Carlisle, Pa., and h j
jDruggifits-afid Storekeepers generally, arc composed
entirely -*>f Vegetable Extracts and Powders, and
are warranted to be easy,;aaie and ; effectual Puri
gative for ordinary use.- j ... .
35Tln all peases where they fail to give satifafle
tion the money will be returned.
april 16 ' \ ' 12j-y .
T)ORT MOt?AtfcS and SOCKET BOOKS,-» very
Xilarge-ahd sale at; . i
CUT OK LANCASTER. TUESDAY MOUSING, JANUARY 14, 1861.
iOVEMR^M^pE^
1 To tjU. HonarMe the Senior's cm 3, ojilie
' Hoiiie'oJ'&e^eieiitativeiofiks G^etalAisernlty.
S Fallow-Citizens:—Afeno&aVof Repressions- 1
■ orgratitodetotheAlmighty Father fdrhiamaii';
ifoidimercies and prutecriDg .influences dariug
. the past year,, and the utterance of a prayer “iu
spirit aud'iu tt-ath,”Torthe continuance of these
. blessings, well become a people-wild habitual
ly acknowledge the superintending .care of a
just and 'mercitui .God." Tbe abundant harvests
ofthe f lkte seasou,‘ the generid e^mjitioii of the
community r the rapidly-improving
condition of the; country, in : aLLthiugß which -
confer happipeas and rationaljsontentment, in
creased facilities of education, and the eujoy
in'ent pf religious' privilege itt* its putest forms,
admonish us hiiew, that the destiny of tbis peo
ple and goVeminent is dir.epted ,by the power of
a Supreme Euler,, kindly.pTovidences.;
are,continually. exerted for iheir we ,rof l e p 'ana'itB'
well being. 1 ■ ’ ;
The memo chaJy ,Huiy devolves on.in.ei offo*?' ■
nially announcing tq the General Assembly,, the
fact of!*the. decease .of Uie Chief Magistrate' of
the!faiidn; ; the verietabieZicHißYTkTtok/who'
(iied*at the‘cHy of Washington, bn the-evening
of the Ninth pf Julylast... ./ . v
The soldier whose brilliant achievements in
arms added hew lußtreto the military fame of
tlie country,‘andithe Statesman whose, policy;
as shadowed forth in this; recommendation, to;
Congress,;waB,that of the wisest and most gen
erous’ patriotism, died in the full possession' of"
hiV great 1 mental faculties, surrounded 'by; bu
deared relatives, cherished frieuds, and patriot
ic members of.government, with the calm res-,
ignatioui Christian soldier, and foua*'
ded tfn the faithj'which teaches 'that 1 deatb has
no terrors Tor those who faithfully endeavor, to
do their duty. The Americau people paid the
highest tribute.to his memory by united and uni
versal sorrdjW.!,..... ... . ..
fnHlrh pa rity 1 ahdcl jri Q terested ness ; of h ismo-
lives, the patriotism'df every impulse as affpet
ing his. ! publ,ie : the' perfect sincerity ; of .
his desire ;to-act justly to: all men, his; winning
gentleneß's pf temper'as manifested. ip his...per
sonaV deportment, wereto.be found.traits, pf char
acter which, bound closely to him. his confiden.-.
tial friends, And gave.to their sorrow for his de? :
mise a-bitternesa whiclrno lapse, of time or
change of dircumS'tance can alleviate. . .
It is recommended that a-suitable expression
of respect for. the memory of the deceased; and
of regret for our b.ereayementjMirnade. ,by the
preaentiLegislature. *'-N
On the.death of General Taylor, by the. pro-'
vision? of the'pohatitUtiop, apd du
ties, of ihV Chief Migistrady' were’vested; with-'
out the'leastinterruption oVtho public business, ’
. in Vice President Millbrd v FiUinore, whose vir- :
tue and patriotism, as'.map.!fested in‘ , fhe die
charge;.6l former.trusts,Us wbU ns-in the adm'in--
- istration thus far'of his hew functions, -'justify
the Confiden t'eXpectation That the policy ol the
National Adihinistratioii will eminently promote
the Uest interests of- the country. In,its avow
al of the great principle of protection to Amer
ican Industry- it lias an especial claim on the
confidfence ; of Pennsylvania. ' *
Resolutions expressive of the feelings of. the
last Legislature on the death of the late Johu
C. Calhoun, were communicated; to his family.
I'herewith-transmit the correspondence.'•
; The i amendment to the-State Constitution,
providing for the election by,the citizeus of the.
judicial officers of the Commonwealth, having
received tbe=sanclion of a majority of the peo
ple, is now part.of the organic law. Your at
tention is-invited tO such legislation as may be
necessary to carry into complete effect this ex
pression of. the.-popular .will. By the termsiot
the'ConstitUtiun/the commissions of‘the Judges
will expire on the first Monday of December,
iu the year, one thousand , eight hundred and
fifty-one., It is suggested that this will afford
a favorable opportunity to remodel and greatly
lessen the number_of Judicial Districts. At
present there are no less than twetity-lour ju
dicial districts, with District Courts iu Phila
delphia and Allegheny Counties. A reference
to the vast amount of business* transacted in
tliepe last-named Courts, affords conclusive evi
dence. that the interests of the community de
mand their 'continuance. Should a redaction
be made in the number of the Common Pleas
.Districts, the salaries now paid to the Judges
ought to be iiicreaßed to such extent as would
be a fair remuneration for the labor performed
and the responsibility incurred in the execution
of the duties of their high offices. It is no part
of the character of our citizens to require the
• labors of :others, without adequate compensa
tion. Fair salaries will best secure.the .servi
ces of holiest, intelligent and competent men,
in ihat department of government, in tire faith
ful administration of which every citizen-is so
deeply-interested. An increase of the salaries
of tue Judges of the Courts of Common Pleas
and District Courts, would demand the exten
sion of the same liberality to such geutlemen
as may be selected to discharge the higher and
more responsible duties of Judges of the court
of last resort., \
Two annual elections appear to impose un
ueceseary.bnrthens upon the citizeus. Expense
to the general treasury, and loss pf time to the
voter, could be well saved by authorizing the
elections now held in the Spring to be holden
af the general election in October.. To such
counties as desire to try the experiment, the
right might be granted! I have been furnished
with a statement*of .tho expense incurred by
holding Spring elections in Dauphin t County,
and if the amount is a fair average of the ex
pense to the other, counties, the change indi
cated will save to iffe people of the Common
wealth annually Upwards! of thirty thousand
dollars. -
The projector creating.an .Agricultural De
partment connected with the State Govern
ment demands the favorable consideration of
the Legislature. In such department might be
collected much .valuable information for the use
of the practical farmer. . f T,he. recent improve
ments m the construction of implements of
husbandry, ..the analysis o*f earths,. improved
modes of tillage, and adaptation of manhrea
and seeds to various kinds etf soil, are subjects
of absorbing interest tq.theagricalturalclasseß.
Diffusion of knowledge respecting .the best
breeds of horse's, cattle, and* other stock, with
suggestions in an authorized and reliable form,
and experimental expositions,of the proper
mo/ies of rearing and training live stock of all
kinds, couTd'hot fail,to act beneficially on this
great interest of the Common wealth. - Should
the National Government erect , pn Agricultural .
Bureau, in conformity with the suggestions of.
the President, the State institution would -be an
efficient auxiliary in the collection of local in
formation, andfor the distribution here at home,
of knowledge' amassed . in that department
from othersources. In this establishment, the
claims of the mining, mechanical, aud manu
. facturidg interests on the fostering care of- the
Government, might be equally regarded. A
private so'cietyjn,our metropolitan, city by its
liberality, activity and learning bus done much
to tlevelope and' encourage the arts and sciences,
useful in every-day life, and has largely aided .
our mechanics and manufacturers to- gain a
reputalion throughout the world. JJy the raea
'sure proposed, I desire to accomplish for the
advancement .of the. agricultural, mechanical,
aud mining industry of the -whole Common-.
w‘eaUh’, whattho:Franklin. Institute has done
for those. .iutipresiß,- which havq enjoyed the
bepefit of- .discriminating care. County and
township institutions would speedily follbw the:
creation of a State department,.and by mutual;
acliou audcoiSiJaels, results would euaue; highly
gratifying to ,the patriot, dud heueficiul .to the
country.
• Should the returns of the eevomh census of
the Duited States,be trausmitted. in time, the
apportionment of the'Stetp 1 into Congressional:
Districts may become part of your duty. .Ini
such, .eyept, it is Hoped the'custom heretoforej
of r pbß^dhihg-Hcrit^li ? 6nilnporti^ht, : hills|
•o.f this the ses- ■
isioaiwill;bechapged. itis utterly in-;
consistent,yritb cpreful ; and correct legislaiUob,i
anaHeßtrucu^e 1 of'’the 1 ; rights of : a
branch i
The GommiUee charged w;iih-;lhe intrpdnc-;
; iutq the. public buildings,have!
compliea r so fhri'.ap. id Their / 'pOwer; witli thb ;
directions • Anapproprialian'
to -meeftbese expenses, antJ L tp enejope ,&pd jmi
prove tbepnblic~gFpnnds>Bnonid-be made ai &n;
:«ar]yd®y' V io ?-V. V h v.;.’, ■:;{'(* I'
f* THAJi COUNTRY isj THE, MOST PROSPEROUS, >VHERE J.ABOR COMMANDS THE GREATEST REWARD/^ Buchxnan.' »,>>, >WA
] ,A' complete aet'qf balances, fufiiishiicl" trt the '
• State by the General been - r
deposited in. the'baildtngs ofilit© Laud.Cffice.-
The: Commissioners 'of tim,.Bqyeral..pcmuties; t
oaghtto be required to ‘have ‘the weights* aud”
their ; chre, tufa
reg&laCed: •' •
. arrangement, of Uie geological s^eciqaeua...
. belonging to tbe State,in some.couvenient place!
for genera! inspection, aiid tbe publication' 6f
the Geological reports,-Are detnauded aliko' by—
. the£rue:interests, of the.State/and .a jnst a
ciatiou of liei'character-for enlightened ,e uter- i
prise.' "'' ~ ‘ I |
* My attention has- been called :tb-'the ; large
body of oiiginaLpapara i tribe State department, !>•;
connected with; the;Colonial uu dr eyo luti o a ary.
history of tbe.State’/aii'd tbqir extremely expos-“
ediina'perißhih'g condition. ' These records are
worth containing; authentic in
formation of,‘jhe., action;;*pfour fathers, in the •
struggle for nationarexistencel In the Capital "j
: Of Pennsylvania; and IJ wfih'the' sympathies of
ber patriotic people, *Vv&aTndependence.*natnr-vl
ed isuddoclared.. : soldiers;,were, inaat.nu-.
merous around the-standard of (be nation,,.arid
there Were nib;*e l bditlA,fleld's oh her soil than *|
in the same area elsewhere. Eveiy memorial |
'of thosedaya devptipn afld. tyial be j
faitfifuHy t ,Deserved.,• .there . exists a single j
copy in manuscript of the minutes of the Hevo- i
lutiohary Executive'Cduncil, a docamet by far >'■'
toolyaloablb.to remato longecjivithiii the reach 1 J
' of .accident or mutilation, be gratify- j
ingfto a large body of our’ constituents "if the '
Assembly'Wotild authorize- the employment of •
a cqfDpetent gentlernan to select and arrange •
fov.pablication these,memorials,of -an.interest*
ing epoch in the history of the Commonwealth.
In the early spring the buildings of the Insane
Asylum will be ready for theireaeption pf.pa
tiehts.. This woEk.of.charity) WpFlhy of the hestj
car^r'of- the ,philaothropiat,.from lts'admirabTe
cdhitriiction ehd bealthfalddcaiiob; cairabfTtiil 1
tb a&lswef the ends bf its'benevoleni {founders.
ItdeßerveSjthe the^egislatu^c.
lit. the performance .of your duties,-attention
is most earnestly directed to' thb feVi&rori’of'the •
laws ih : relatibn' tb tavernSj reataißTintß) ’ beer,
houses, and ten pin alleys.'; - ,lt-.ls; alleged .that;
in many.instances they arerqade the,common
resort of tile y.oting, the idle, and the worthless,
tb the Wifeat detriment 'of the 1 rildral well-being
of the rising -generation:- i. . •: : r
Ijhe suggestions and recommendations of for- ,
rtfer messages in reference to the - equalization
bt Tax. laws, payment of portions of the public
debioverdue,the currency, and public improve
ments* are again.pressed op; your attention.
The loau authorized at <the last session to re
deem the oved-due public" debt,'Tihß not 'beep
negotiated.- *' "-* •; '•=* ; -•--- :
. ■■ .The financial condition ofah© P.orampawealih
is exhibited, in the following, statements;
Amount of funded debt, including amount in
. the hands of Commissioners of Sinking Fund,
and-altospecial'loan to-&void!-IncUned!P]aiie at
the Schuylkill, on the 30th of November, 1850.
was : $39, 1 5f62',914*8
Amount bfunfnhded debt.same-' '■
date, 912,570 04
Total sum of debt,
Iu this gross sum is included the loan to avoid
the Plane at the Schuylkill, as above stated—
the avoidance of the plane authorized the sale'
of that,portion of the Columbia Railroadand
Viaduct over the Schuylkill, rendered useless
by the construction of the new road. A part of
the road and’■bHdgfe , was sold for $243,200,
which nmonut is tb be applied as directed by
tbe 18th section of the Act of 10th April, 1849,
towards the* permanent improvement of the
Columbia railway. The actual, cost of this
grent improvement, whereby the Plane lias
been avoided, tbeuse of the public works much,
facilitated, and ani annual saving of thirty-one
thousand dollars, secured to the Treasury, in
disuse of the machinery and labor uecessarily
Connected with the plaue, is ahow’n as foUo.vv- •
Amount of.cost of mew road, say. . $400,000*00
Deduct price of old road sold, - 243,000 00
The Sinking Fund operation is exhibited
thus: .> • j
Amhuntof funds rpceived.dming
...year,'• t $11)7,193 74
: Amount of du- .. .
rjugyear, : t * 345,622 98
Amount in baud's pf Commission- ;
, era on 30th Novi., 1850, ' 5.9G7 GO
Whole amount .sinco
commencementiof ayafem, , 424,832 75
Whole amount of stocks pur*'
chased, ' | 459,122 98
Amount of money in hhn'ds 'on
'OOthjNovemberl 18501 ' 5.967 60
FURTHER 1 EXPOSITIONS t’T THE PUBLIC DEBT.
Amount bfdebtbn Nov:30,1850, 40,775,485 42
Amount of stocks and cnßh iii
hands ofcbmraissionarS'of Sink- •
ing Fund, j $465,090 58 •
Deductamount of spe
cial loan : —the'in- '
terestithereof saved
in the discontinn
ance 6f the Plane, 400,000 00, 865,090 58
Amount ol debt on
30th Nov., 1848.
Funded,. $39,393,350 24
Unfunded, . •••; 1,081,886 G 9
Canal, Railroad, and
.. motiv.e.powerdebta.
in 1849. .
, and 1.850, being
debts contracted
prior to Ist Decem
ber, '18.48, 373,8G1 48
Total indebtedness $40,848,598 41
Actual 'indebtedness, including
Incliued Plane Loan, on 30th
November, lfcso, and exclud
ing amount ift'hands of Sink- ,
ing fund Commissioner; • ; $40,310,391 84
Actual decrease of public debt 1 ’ *
since 30th November, 1848, $538,203 57
.Withiir the'sanie period,-there has beeu paid
from tbe-treasUry* appropriations, that may: be
called extraordinary, as follows :
Towards completion" pr North ".
Branch Canal; ' ■ ■ : . . $148,500 00
To avoid Inclined Plane, - . 309,446 02
If tbbseaams, From.the payment whereof the
Treasury will be relieved by the completion of
the improvements above added td the
actual reduction of public debt above exhibited-;
the conclusion is clear,, that at every earlydate
an annual appropriation of. nearly oue million
dollar/may be” raailedo wards’ the 1 reduction bf
the public debt. • 1
Annexed ie an* estimate of: the receipts
expenditures of the present, with the estimate
of lost year, and the actual receipts at' the Trea
sury 1 ' • '*•' : v
; Estimate /Receipts-Estimates
/ for 1850. .’for 1850. for 1851.
Linds, " ‘ / ' *820,000 Sl6 376,58 ! 316,000
AucuonCom/ 22,000 18,673,75. - 20,000
Auction duties, 50,000’ 44,698,22 45,000
Tax on Bantfdividends, 130,000 153,877,14 100,000
on Corp. stocks, • • 180,000 136,510,14 160,000
on R’l it Per. Ex
Licenses, '-£O,OOO T<*,427,49 • 100,000
« . Retailers. 160,000 171,062,20 ..; 175,(KH)
« • Tedlars, ' ‘ 3,000 2;525,05: ' ‘ 3 000
, Brokers,., 12,000 H,OOO
•* Theatres. Ac.;' 3,000 2,38i,50 *’ * 2 500
« Billiard roomxi S,OOO 3,015,8 l ~ 4,000
■ Distillery, Ac, 1,600, 4,203,91 5,000
“ Eat. hOuSes.&cTStXK) .' 6,530,97 , 10,000
• Pan.medioioe,i^,ooo : ; 2A33.Q1 3,000 :
Pamphlet Laws., 500 345,58 " sfcCf .
•MalithrFined, ; 2,000 .12 953,73 J .10,000
Taxon WriU, , 40,000 . 45,409,47 45,000
on Officers, 20,000 ; 14,047,2 t ;; 1 • 15,000
On Col. loberitance, , 200,000 ] 102,295,0 r ; . 150.000
Caualfcßoad Tolls,. 1,825,1 001,713,848,16 - 1,800,600
Saieofbldmattrrials, - - r - / .*■ .5.000
- Enrolment of;-Laws, :11,000. / 10,270*00 . . : 12,0D0 •
Premihnion Charters.' '40,000 *B9 282,21 ' '■ 40,000 ;
; 120,000 :
Inclined Plane Lo;mv 270,000 970,000,00
'Div’dsof TUm’lce stocks- s 2,'otK) Y* r '-9,400,00 > • • ;
Nicholson Landry; ■■■■ ;
Accrued Interest, 5,u00' , "" 5,-006 ;
Refunded to*hV 1,: ? ,. :j ? 5,0 M j
Escheats, ,-i~ s . .. 2.000 1.000 j
Fees of Mlfo Offices, : 2,000 3COS7d» \
’ Wiscellaneons*., -i - :■! . j 2,00Q-i;‘ 1,740,33, , S.ftCO |
InPat on al’lta purphssed,ls,Qoq 13,721,27 !S>Sn
'Fordin'fnx: l A#ehc‘reiF- ; - J -> i, - ,3,000
'• ; ‘ '’s^,^6,3oo' 4,438,131,51 4 ,296,000
r-/p/A;Yte,E-NT-&-m:i . =
Public IraprovemenU $840,000
'Pensions. > ;
,Charitable, institution*,'
Com. School*, . ; 200,000-': 213,729,4ft,200,000
Interest on Loans, . j *2,00,000 „2,00i;714,51 £,005,000.
Gtt&tathies, * 32,500 32.500,00 '3?,50Q
Domestic creditor*, :, ! J0,0C0.-i 6>387i41 10,000.. ■
Damageson pub. work* 20,dC0 29,068,34 25,000 I
Special Commas. -■ ?> 2,000: >- > 2,554,03 2,000' |
Stale Library. ,: 2,000. 1.000,00 2,000 ]
Public Building" 2,000‘ ‘ 2,002,78 1 10,000 !!
Pinitemiariw,,.; : .f; • 15,000.; . .15,000:ji
House of .Refuge,. !; 5,000 . . (»,000,u0 ; 5,000
Niehbls6h ! Lands* • i '3OO 102,75 ! ' 300'
Escheats, 5 9,000.. 1.740,55. 2,00 ft.
Abatement of State Taj, 40,000’ 43,525,04, 40,000 '
Counsel fees A .Commlrs : 2,000; . 5,884,15 - 5,000
Miscellaneous, ' 5,000 *,180,44 5,000;
Sinking flind Cbrhrais’rs, 293,000 -' 318.604,03 • 250,000:
Inclined. Plane,. . .270,000;, ... 90,0QQ-
Nbnh'HrancK Canal 1 150,000 " * .250.000
Renewal ofßeliefNotes
Expen. of. Rev. Coramis.
... •- . • . -$1)034,8fH), 4,553,193,75 4,101.300 ;
In (he item of expenditures for public
•provements is included’sl4B,soo paid to North
Branch Canal and $286,440.02 to avoid inclined
, Plane. v ... v , s .
In the amounta received from Canal and Rail-,
■ road; tdllk add collateral’ inheritance taxes,' tbe :
i actual receipts of tHe last year, fall short.of tbei»
estimates. In making these estimates it, was
supposed the. suggestion of a former.message In
i relation to'the conveyance ofpaseengOfs'bn the ‘
CdlarabTa Railway, would have beeto favorably;
regarded.! ‘Jt.is still believed that, a.,]arge,in- >l -
creased revenue would attend the adoption of
the chargee heretofore recommended'. That the 11
collateral inheritance tax is • raefSciehlly-and
caceleasly: collected! in, some ofrthe.cquuties,;.
' apfi, even when, collected retained in the bandfl
of the officers longer than necessary; is demon
strable by' the fact of the
received at the Treasury from counties or equal-,
. population, business and wealth. A.statement,.
, of the amoimta received from theseveral conn-;
tWduririg the lastfodr Jrahrs willexlubit mucb !;
: valuable-information r bn the interesting- queßr.;
: tionsof inequality-of taxation in. the payment:.
. of the public debt. ! All items of taxation ap- ;
plicable to the? sinking fund should Be required
. toireach the Treasury nuderthe .fl'e
verestpenalties.|. ~;
A reference to the reports of the Adjutant
General, Auditor General, Surveyor General,
and Superintendent of Common Schools, will • '
afford detailed information of the business of ;
their several departments, and furnish, views,|
and suggestions of interest’to the general weal.'
The'schdol system, although still imperfect,'•
is rapicfiy improving l in its general. condition,',
and promises the beneficial results it was, de
signed to accomplish. The education of the
1 people, is the great question of the age, and as
such it Cahnot fail to command your earnest
and enlightened efforts for-its speedy and ulti
mate success.,i .
In the compatiuon : for trade and travel, no
effort for the full repair of the canals and
railroads of the State should be neglected.—
The deteriorating condition of many of. these
works,.admonish- us; that the system of super-
vision is ineffectual to secure the return,which.
their construction gave confident" assurance.—‘
In A’ system of divided responsibility in their
management, the difficulty evidently exists.— ,
On a former occasion it was suggested to di
vide the State into Canal and Railway districts,
UmTallot to each a Canal Commissioner, to.
whom its entire control should be given. This
project is again recommended, but should it fail
to meet your approbation, the.proposition of
selecting a Superintendent, to wborn for bis
whole time and attention, a compensating sala
ry should be paid, and under whose sole con
trol the public worksimight be placed, is worthy >
of consideration. All the evils arising from di
vided counsels and shifting responsibilities
would be avoided, and that energy and skill in
their management secured which cannot be ex-.
pected under the present system. It is alleged
this method of supervision of public works has
succeeded well and beneficially in other States,,
; A commercial connection between Philadel
phia and Enropeby Steamships,—an enterprise
truly worthy the favoring regards of the &boje
commonwealth.and the countenance and aid of
$40,775,485 42
the national government by the extension of
mail -facilities—the completion of the great
Railway -communication now in rapid progress
of construction to the navigable waters of the
West, the thorough repair of the. C.umb.erlapd
Valley road, and the erectionof. various lines
of Railway jn the valley of the Susquehanna,
an amount of trade on the Colum-
bia' Railroad which will demand for its transit
the,erj>i re .capacity of that thoroughfare in a con
dition of perfect repair. Every avenue by which
the -trade of the West, as well as of. Cjentral
and. Northern Pennsylvania reaches Philadel- due, there must be a rendition of the fugitive,
phia, ought to be opened and kept in such per-»l To interfere .by Legislative enactment or
feet condition as to afford alt possible facility otherwise, to destroy or in any way affect the
to business, for in the growth and welfare of right of property recognized in the first propo-
Philadelphia, the entire people should feel a
lively interest, as identical with the prosperity
of the whole State. Whilst the internal trade ’
is poured into our metropolis, and her local au
thorities aie doing their part to promote her
commerce, it is our duty to demand from the
General government some portion of its re
sources for the security and improvement of
the harbor of the Delaware. Improvement of
the, navigable rivers and protection of thej har
bors of the Ocean and Lakes ought to oe no
longer delayed. • 1
'ln this-connection I deem it my duty to call
yoqr attention to the pending litigation in re
lation tol the bridge over the Ohio River at
Wheeling, erected under the authority of Vir
ginia, which, it is confidently asserted, pots in
jeopardy-(large commercial interests. It has
been my £are to watch the progress of the con
troversy, {and to direct the proper law officer of
the Comrtionwealth, associated with'the other
distinguished gentlemen who professionally re
present ;the State, to protect these interests be
fore the judicial tribunal which has cognizance
of the bajje under the Constitution.
In the (various Railroad projects now sever
ally terminating at Philadelphia, Harrisburg,
and Pittsburg, the people of the Common
wealth ought never to lose »sight of that other
great eqtjirprise which, known as the Sunbury
and Erie was meant to connect the
Susquehanna, the Delaware, and the Lakes.—
Besides the command of trade of the Northern
Sea's seqjared by its it would
bring intq market for'sale and settlement vast,
bodies ol! untenanted and unimproved lands,
and treasures of inexhaustible miner
al now.wholly inaccessible.
The lajge indebtedness of tWState, and the.
necessitytfor its forbid the policy . on
her. part,!of embarking in these, various im*
proVeme^ts., .. - .
The of the Commonwealth.was incurred
in the erection of works, which were largely
conducive to the settlement and sale of the do-'
$39,910;394 84
main of the United States, and while; she has
secured no part of this common
other States have been liberally aided in the
construction of their internal improvements by
donations of public lands. It is a right.on her
part to demand a portion of these lands to. aid
in the:completion of the important tworks,par
tialLy cdmpleted: and in contemplation.
A systerti of banking, baaed upon State stocks,
under proper restrictions, is recommended to the
attention of the'Legislature, it i?vthqught that
the present banking facilities are unequal to the
wants of the commpnity. .The .large amount,
of dotes of banks of other States found.in cir
culation among pur people, the inability of the
.banks, with safety to their credit, to i accommo
date at all limes the active bona fide business
demands of,the country, and. the largeope ra
tions in the nature of-private banking, daily
transacted on severe terms to the borrower, de
monstrate that increased facilities.
ed : to. secure a healthy development’oi .our re;
souroes. ; Any considerable extension of the
present ;syjtejn Is.bardly to hie anticipated, nor
is it'desirable, if a more .permanent basis for
snob can; be devised. Tree, banking
..upon, adopositjs, aSptl-;.pledge, jof public slocks
itself, to favor.Jlt js' ndf
.liable. to puaden expansions add contractions—'
.more-.sppare from;failure—less obnoxipus to
cpunterfeUmg. and fraud, and offers undoubted
. seeurity.tp the nbte'hold'er.Shpold the* ‘stock
reqalrea .be , the loans of the.Coramonwealth
it their value, arid also have
a tendency to withdraw them ’ from foreign
countries, to which'are annually, sent millions
of tbh public moneyto pay intei'est. ‘J”A recall
•Of these stocks,andtbe dischargooMhe inter.*,
*il citizwa, tyould.lpatMo thp,
. expenditure oE an eqnaL.jftmopnt at home,
;■ thereby afiordihgeniplbytftdtff
the improvements of‘thoSlallj fnUhe ereotion
of mdustrialinatituiioAa, anct-An.various works.,
of beauty and taste. If this -system is favora
bly ° rt ' on
the interest on thq stocks pledged would, be di
rectly advantageous to the TfeasuVy;' “ - “
- The xonfidencei felt in their security, and (he -
desire to use, relief notes, whep. kept in good- j
condition, justify the :belief that an issoe ’of j
, small notes from State institutions, fourkleHoh ;
a deposit of stock?; would be highly acceptable |
to the ; people. S'.*/’-;:-i ‘.,v
,A .referenee.tQ the subject tinder .the control
of .the NationalGovernmeht, has tang formed i
part of the annual messages of the otato Ex- ?
ecutivds, and the custom has fonnd favor not j
onlyrby its consonance*with, tbe peculiar rela
tions.of the States tothe.General Government, .
but in the. felt by individual cit? :
izehs'itr ihe aqtion of the latter on questions of ’ 1
persradihg'tihd’dfrect interest teal!. From the !
resolves of their Representatives, in the coun
cils of the States, the opinions and wishes of
the people are often_well collected,.and hence
your action iafrequently of greatmpment. In
obedience, therefore, to custom; ahd in order
that the sentiments of constituen- ;
I cy jnay have expression either through the Ex;_,]
, ecutive Message or the action of their repre- ’:
sehtatiyes, it ia‘ proper toretar ro some of those' !
questions of general interest, the'disposal-of >
• which; more especially belongs; to the National.
' Goyerppiftnti . . .• • > , ;
A revision and* alteration of the RevenUe
laws,'So‘as to give adequate and permanent :
protection to the'interests of the coantry, are
demanded by the prostrate condition of the mi
ning &pd.~ manufacturing interests.. .The .pro- !
priety.of afTording'fuU protection to domestic ?
■ industryj ih the ermctmetitbfVfafiff laws; has
been ac folly discussed* that a mere reference
to former views, is all that is deemed necessary.,
at this time. In a late _effort_ to amend the
present Tariff its jEatlure be.,fairly at
tributed to t6b‘omission ? of : tholferp Legislature
to give expression to, the, perfectly well ttnder
stood wishes, and .expectations of the-people.— j
It is confidently hoped ,no such omissions will |
mark the condubt of tlie present assembly. • 1
A reduciionm ! the,Tates.of postage, and the j
construction of railway communications to the |
Pacific, were urged heretofore as worthy of i
friendly regard'. Repetition of the views then I
presented is* unnecessary, as time- has ; only !
strengthened., the conviQtion of the. ..propriety j
and usefulness of .the proposed measures.
In relation to the e'xtensidn’bf Slavery' and
the duty] of the faiithfrtl observance of her Fed
eral obligations < by .'.the Commonwealth, the |
20,000- > 17,277*91 .. 15,000 •
” ‘6o^ooo
the'foundation of;;tUe States, of non-interven
tion tn the domestic policy of other communi
ties, and of resolute det6rrairtation s bf permit
ting no interference with onr own. Fidelity in
the discharge oC-CobstifutionaLduty has distin
guished our government and people, and.if an
opinion exists within, or has been' mischievous
ly propagated beyond our borders, that-such is
not the fact, it is conceived in error of onr true
history. .; Pennsylvania, her, people, and her
authorities, always have been loyal to the Con
stitution.'’' They V9ish'it neither to be evaded
nor amended!- They will not‘ permit it to be
resisted. j-' ru:>. . :
It has been intimated that on questions con
nected with the institution of Slavery, and the
rendition of fugitives' from labor, there Have
been-indications of a disregard of her Consti
tutional obligation. To the clause of the Con
stitution relative to fugitives from labor, and
the legislation under it, there ever has been m
Pennsylvania, with ail her avowed aversion to
domestic slavery, implicit - obedience.. ..With
an earnest.desire that, by a free interchange of
moderate and rational opinions, obedience to
the law may be made,'not only implicit, but'
cheerful, it is proper to refer to some of the
difficulties in relation to the subject now exist
ing in the public mind*. ,
The clause of the federal Constitution rela
tive to fugitives fr.om labor involves these pro
positions t' 1. -That irivoluntary service or sla
very may exist in-the States of. the Union by
sition, would be a daring violation of the clear
obligations of the Constitution. No human be
ing can pretend that by this Commonwealth
such an interference has ever been attempted.
Whatever may be the feelings of the people in
opposition to the further extension of Slavery,
and the consequent increase of anti-republican
and sectional representation in the National
Legislature, no effort has ever been made to
disturb or destroy the vested rights of citizens
of other States'; and .when, those rights, may be
endangered by the escape of a slave beyond
the limits of the State where the relation is ac
knowledged, our citizens have acted on the
principle, that, no sympathy with individual
suffering ought ever to weaken their sense of
duty to the plain requirements of the organic
law. ‘ •
In the adjustments of rights and official du
ties under the last proposition, more difficulty
has been -found to exist. By whose agency is
the fugitive to be.given up ? What force is to
be given to the word “claim” as used in the
Constitution ? Is'hot the delivery of the fugi
tive to be made only through the ageticy of the
National government ? These have been vexed
and mooted questions. The final decision of
the Supreme Court of the*Uhited States in a
case'to which Pennsylvania'was made a party,
and the recent fugitive Slave law, gave a judi
cial and legislative interpretation.to this clause
of the Constitution, which cannot be misappre
hended. The power and duty of enacting laws
to carry into effect the Constitutional direction,
being ruled to be in Congress, and in Congress
only, and interference an the pari, of the State
authorities is unauthorized and without binding
force.’ .
If the Constitution implies a.du,ty to be per
formed by both National and-State Govern
ments, and vests each willpower, over the
subject, the framers of that instrument failed
to express in clear terms, as in other cases, the
obligations of the The latitude of.con?
struction required to give such powers to the
Stale, legislatures, would authorize the passage
of laws, and the enactment of regulations, upon
every of the National Govern
ment, without regard tathe action or con-action
of Congress,.., .The. General .Government ..is ad
mitted to.be one of ascertained powers, but it
ceases to'Wso the moment co'nthirfeht jufisdic
lion vesta in Slate Sovreignties. In tbe practi
cal workings of the system of > concurrent juris
diction much evil would arise. Thirty-one
Soyreigmies might prescribe different rule's of
action-reach meant to.make effective national
legwiative,.and the consequent destruction of
harmony and order, could not fail to alarm the
patriot. Whenever.,powerover asubjeet mat,-
ler'js. vested Constitution in
and.the power has been exercisecr, tbe authority
of the. States has been judicially declared, ’ as
above stated, merged and abolished. This is
therole of law as well as,that of.cbmmon A«nse?
An opinion has been expressed by ipen of em :
inent legal learning and'patriotism, that legis
lative action on the paft'bF'tbe States ** e *P e *‘
dieni to aid in the" execntfoirof the powers of
tbe general"government'*- -In. .this .opinion I can
not concur. , Toadmit the position.-would .im
ply an ‘inability on' the j»r t .of* nktio,n.al govv
eriimerit prove
destructive: ofrhetbeory so realonslymamtam
©d .by ,onr ; repnbl iftan National»
and State urn independent sover
eignties, eacli acting witifth Tfi’pfS cohstith-
7ir * v * ; < •'!.-,!• -,;:nus
Itwasdonbtlew ncou vie Lion .otlhesowid
nf»ss:pf tlie r fpregoing indnce.d my
predecessor, .Governor Bbabs, "to*sanction the
act ‘bf4Ue 3a ittareft i ; /? ~ ' v
-^Thc-poweMoact.on.theaubject.oftheexlra
• v ditiohofifugijtiyaglas:a»beingtho»yc4tedsQle-
views expressed: in former, messages remain
unchanged. There , is- nothing,, in ; my judg
ment, in the history of ! th'e past! nor in the
warnings of the'future,'to justify the abandon
ment of the principles, sacredly regarded from
constitutional recognition. . 2. /That the escape
of the person so held shall not operate as a dis
charge froJn such service dr labor; 3. That on
the claim of the party to whofrr sneb service is
t^ e it is ‘tKe plain’
, duty of' tue citizen ib submit to its’enkctmebt'
i ufldbr the Constitution. To act differently woukt .:
'be.dearlywbeUiou to Government..; ;
; .If tho \vprd ‘fclaim’’\yas ( expresa
lan aacertained right of property to the person '
of the fugitiveyestedin t ueclaimant.ihen mhch :
of the drfficult) *urrouudiDg'lhe qoeßtion isset
tied/ and the-mere demand for thepettoatoflhe .
j fugitive fixes his destiny by the Jenn^ot,the.
! Constitution. His dotgr*.
I mined'witlibiit' prooF of'ownership qn llie part!
:' of tbeclaimant, and wiih6nt eYiabflcb“6i the 1
! i identity*flight- of thepersouClairaed,' 'lf,
I; liowaverv the term used in the constitution; sign
] nijfies a challenge of tfelpngjug t 0,.;
the claimant aud.wjtbhtield from him—and th®
: enactmenU.on the,.aalyeqt-requiring proof.of
I right to substantiate the claim, and the concur* .
ring decisions of .thc Supreme Cocirt > affii: this- '
i meaning to the! tertn, then the question arise*,
j how,and through-whom, shall the claim be
, 'made, and by what evidence sustained ? * ;
In the adoption of the propel* remedy to as
sert this elder right, dif*
fer, and the privilege to tnaidtain
that'hohestiTiVeraityof opmiohiiiuefilotbdim- 1 1
paired. •/Th surrender it, nhder Hdoleitlhreats; -
adifdehunciuTpry clamor, Vopld be an 1 bbfetndon- .
‘ ihent of the deeply chenshe^priyileg^.p^ljbe^'.;
:ty of thought, .speech. J \Yben.jine 'epnct,*. v ,
; of, Congueis, 1 fait to convince’,,
ttliepeoplfl df'theirjdstiqe audproprietyi it -is : r
: their duty to seek their and amend*
•meat. Therecuotlyenactodfugiliveriavulaw*:
. while it remains a statute, demands the support, ;'
of all tbecitizona,..and unless out* written .coni::,
constitutions are worthless parchments, until !.'
the judiciary declare it otherwise, mast be; er* ' > -
teemed a constitutional enactment Are its de*d'
fects ot bach nature as to warrant the publicin
>-urglbg its amendment 1 ’ • ’
That part bf the TavY’which authorize* the
, creation of a hew and irresponsible tribunalhh- :
hame of.Cbmmhapooers/ isliablbcto'ex*'
ception. the inquiry ’whether the Ju-;
' dicyrpower'bftheUnit'ed, State s,haoj W'Vesfejf. - J t
i|i
with the Courts, '
of. periods' import to the institution o(; gq» v,
bnuaV,.
isiUh discretionary powers over person and propr, t
erty, are liable to abuse, and hav.e. been instru-;
ments of oppression. If in these, the early,,
days of the Aopublic; wben.no reason of.urgeut;<>
State necessity caube invoked,powersofanigh -
judicial nature over the liberty and'property of
an individual are to be vested by appointment*
of an inferior tribunal, in an irresponsible pet*' 7 "
son, the security of the'life.-reputation,‘and Kb; ;
erty of the citizen, in nfter-trmes, when neiv po-’
liticai or social emergencies mayhrise, 1 uillqe-. *
pend c on a most precarious tenure. Z l ' u .!
' Tli’e courts of the Uuited States,' who#e Judg
es have 1 a pride of character, and over whom a. .
coh'frplihg'infliienco iB exerted' by the impeach : i. J
mWtjclause.,.oij 1 Uie‘i' Constifutipn, should alone,. t
be iuveatje'd .with These extraordinary powers. . t
Rather than ..hazard, the chances of illegal qe- ,
cisjous; and the consequent irreparable injury
;of an indivjdflali* results so .full,of danger to the.
peace, aud good order of society, the Judicial
power of the nation might.wisely be extended.
IT it be deemed expedient to deny atrial by
Jury, and lodge the adjudication bfthis right of
property in the breast of a single-Judge,' the
kind of pfoof required should be indicated, and ~
a fnllrecord of the entire proceedings be made
add preserved; -Processes isshed should be re
lUrriedfimd the extradition of any colored per
son, for whose arrest a warrant had issued '
withont hearing had before the Judge should
b[e visited with, the penalties of kidnappihg.—
These modifications of the law, while they
cbpld not interfere with the rights of the own
ef’bf would greatly tend to satisfy,
the iniiids of citizens anxiously desirous to per*
form their, constitutional duties. ' ..
! Oue other matter, connected with our. Federal. \
Relations, clqim.s your atteutiou. It is the
Union of the States, .and the dangers which are .
supposed to threateu it in connection with the •
question of Slavery. - Whether Slavery be the
cause or pretext of infidelity to the Union, and
to what precise extent disaffection exists, it is ;
'Uot my purpose to enquire. There was local
disloyalty long before Slavery became the irn- .
mediate source of excitement; and there will be •
local disloyalty loug after Slavery and the ques*
lions connected with it are finally adjusted.
But be the cause what it indy, it .fa in vain to
deny that the Union of the States is lightly and
irreverently talked of in certain quarters, ami
made th<subject of heated discussion by rash
aud unreflecting men. I cannot believe, how- . ,
ever, that, any serious design to disrupt, and
overthrow the Government exigt,l.o any cony
siderable extent in auy portion of the country f .
The American heart revolts at the idea.
What is the National Uuion ? -It is the basis
ol.constitutional light, the guarantee of peace,
the security-.of religion, the bulwark of ail law :
and order: It gives the surest pledge of protec
tion to the oppressed children of other lands,
who coming from scenes of misery and discord,
expect here harmony and peaceful'refuge. Jc
is literally "a beacon on the top of a mouutain
aud an ensign on a hill” to the lovers of rational
liberty, throughout the world. It was.an
emanation of thesame pure Bpirit of conserva
tive freedom, of justice, and of truth, which copr.
ceived, controlled and consummated our Revo*
lutionary struggle. It is the perfect work of
disciplined inteligenco and rational patriotism*
It is hallowed by tho rich memories of the past, .
and by the consciousness that its founders were •
the fathers of the Republic.. It is sacred, as the *
sole remaining memorial of the enlightened ia- .
bora of the host minds of an ago, distinguished
for its devoLion to the cause of human rights,
the elevation.of mau’s social condition, tbe-in
vestigation of political truths, aud of revolution*
ary action against the dogmas and fanatlcisnf of
tyrannies and tyrants. •_ \ •
The Union pf the States is tho outer and in
ner wall, which encircles and the tem*
pie of our independence. . The Union "alone
secures to our commerce protection on every
sea, defence .to our citizens on every
gives us a proud name among ' the nations, of
the earth, and ensures to the Republic an en
larged and glorious destiny... Itspreservation
ratifies the assurance -that man is capable of
self-government*._aud;that equal .’rights, equal
laws, and equal privileges,.are alone thereanlte
of democratic . The dissolution of
tiie National Union would be the beginning of
civil war; 'the -strife of sections,-of scenes of
fraternal 'discord* It would raise the arm of
the bondman amidst thehorrora of servile war;
and the-destruction of a race.of men alone
would terminate the fearful straggle. It would
involve conterminous States, acting as jealous
strangers, iu vexatious disputes about rights of
navigation! of tribute, of transit. ft would sap*
rifico the faith of the nation. . It wpuld destroy
the army, add the navy, and. /with them .the .
proud recollections of their .eailyj,oxploils.-r-
The trophies of .the nation would bedispersed,
anti the igreat communion of thought, and- of
sentiment, and of. interest, in which, for niorp ■
-than seventy year#, we have gloried, .would .be
gone-, forever,-. . ; -• •
Deeply-impressed by these Considerations,
and relying most confidently on ] the 1 entire '
sympathies of the General Assembly pf,a ; State,
which has .never known au instamydisloyalty : -
io tiie*“yulnn, ;I solemnly.protb'st' .againi? the' .
;iitteranPh hf.msb thoughts on a ( '
subject so dear to our.constituency, ’anymore ,
earnestly all. deliberation by. i . l PP an * pf,
cony entions,or other modes of action^unknown
to tpe Constitution, and .bavipg fpr ; tJiejr,objept, »
either thft dissolution of the i
cussion.qf sectional, .and: hazardous iquestions, -j
far the.decision of which,.the Constitution; has.\.
made..ample.provision. Pennsylvania vsuer?.«.
atWabdcnerishes the unimpaired-Institutions
: of.uur fathers..- :
i With the fervent prayer that Alfoighty-God
Iwillso' direct the deliberations of the. General
|Assembly,; thßt ’“peaco and happiness/, .*
jandjustice, &ligiou • and Jpiety, nfayJ»b '
linked p®'fer’iriH J geheratishi» ..Ib^"
’geatiops contained to this ■ 1
lannuart mfesiage'are respectfully submitted for
Vour consideration and action.
; ■ 't X,- WMv F* JOHNSTON. , ;
: 'Executive Chamber,. ? . i
Jiarrtihirg/Jan, 7, 1851. >
* ‘ fl7Some one has started the project of erecting
k monumeht.to the Pilgrims on. Plymouth Rock.
The
NO. 51.