Intelligencer & Journal.
E. W. EDITOR.
FOB PRESIDENT, ,
JAMES toCHANAN
OF PENNSYLVANIA.
[Sutytct to thi decitton of a National Convtntton,)
Lancßitcr, February 33,1N4N.
Canal Commlaaloner.
Our columns of to4ay contain several commu
nications, recommending prominent Democrats to
the 4th of March Convention for the offico of Canal
Commissioner. Whilst we do not ourselves avow
any preference, we wish our friends to understand,
that our columns are open to the discussion of the
merits of all the aspirants.
To*Dat is the anniversary of the birth of the
"Father of our Country—the immortal WASH
INGTON—of whom a renowned Orator of a for
eign land beautifully and truthfully said: “No
clime can claim, no country can appropriate him,
the boon of Providence to the human race, whose
fame is eternity, whose residence creation—in
whose production it does really appear as if nature
was endeavoring to improve upon herself. Cjesar
was merciful—Scipio was continentr Hannibal was
patient—but it..was reserved for Washington to
blend them all -in one, and like the lovely chief
oeuvre of the Grecian artist to exhibit in one glow
of associated beauty the pride of every model, the
perfection of every master.”
Eulogy of such a man, however, can only result
in_betraying the feebleness of language, and noth
ing is left us but to study his example, and endea
vor to Impress on the minds of the American
people, in yet -more indelible characters, the glo
rious precepts, which he has bequeathed to them
-as an invaluable inheritance. It is the custom of
many of our Legislative bodies, on each recurring
anniversary of this day, to print the “ Farewell
• Address ” of President Washington, and circulate it
among their constituencies. We trust that th'cse
.same lawgivers will have the time and patience to
read the address themselves, and lay its wise and
patriotic counsels to heart. Most especially do we
commend this course to the taction that daily flies
in the face of its most solemn precepts. Wash
ington charged us-always to speak of the Union
of the'States with reverence. He most pointedly
directed us to “frown indignantly upon the first
. • dawning of defy attempt to alienate one portion of
■the Union from thd rest, or to enfeeble the sacred ties
' that ngtc link together its various.parts .” He directed
•us to suppose a dissolution of the American Union
the direst calamity that could possibly befal us.
Little did that great man believe, that in so short
a period after his death men <sould .be found so
steeped in pblitical Fanatacism. as to ; rise in the
very midst of the assembled Congress and present
petitions praying for the separation of the States!
Little did he suppose that measures could be grave
ly proposed, fomenting the haggard spirit of domes
tic Discord, and arraying one section of the Union
in bitter conflict against another.* Who can doubt,
if he were stilfm our midst, to cheer us by his
’Counsel and enlighten us by his Wisdom, that he
would “ frown” all such diabolical agitationsMnto
infamous annihilation ?
To-Day is also the anniversary of the battle of
Buena 7~ista. that unsurpassed achievement of
American arms, in which the gallant Taylor, at
the head of his brave troops, mowed down, as with
a scythe, the squadrons and batallions of Mexico.
To the “ last syllable of recorded time” will the
events ol the 22d and 2‘3d February, 1817, be com
memorated by a grateful and admiring country.
History does not contain the record of a more des
perate conflict, than that waged by the myriads of
Mexictf upon the.-Comparative handful Americans,
no* ha. the sun shone upon a victory so resplendent
as delighted the hearts of our brave troops, when
•on the morning of the 2-lth, haying slept upon-the,
battle-ground with the : expectation of resuming
operations at day-break, they discovered that the
enemy-had disappeared , leaving even their dead and
dying to be cared for by our troops. Honor, and
gratitude, ami praise be ’ lor ever awarded to the
brave men, by whose valor this resplendent victory
was won!
And, whilst we remember the living, let the tear
of gratintdj,jbe wept over the memories of the ii-
who sealed their devotion to their
•country by,- : their blood. As in every case of arbi
trament' by the sword, the laurel was closely en
twined with the cypress, and the lustre of victory
was darkened by the cost at which it was purchased.
Never—oh never—can America cease to cherish
the names of Lincoln, Yell, Clay, M'Kce and Har
din—Nature's noblest spirit^—who fell in the (lower
oi usefulness, leaving no worthier names behind
them.
ID" Samuel A. Bniuocs.Esq., of Allentown, has
been nominated as the Democratic candidate for
Congress from the Bucks and Lehigh district, to
succeed Mr. Hombeck, deceased. The special
election takes place to-morrow. Mr. B. is a talent
ed. Attorney, and has in past seasons rendered cheer
ful and'efficient-services to the Democratic cause.
He would represent the District faithfully and ably,
and is moreover identified with the patriotic side of
the great Warquestion, which so strongly commends
. itselfto the hearts and votes ol the Democracy. We
trust that the republican freemen of Bucks and
Lehigh will make a Grand Rally for their princi
ples and their candidate, both of which are so emi
nently worthy of their best exertions.
inr Since writing the foregoing, we arc pained
to learn, that there are elements of dissatisfaction,
at work in Lehigh, which render the result, to say
the least, uncertaiu. With proper union, the dis
trict would prove Democratic by I.ijiiu majority,
but with divided and distracted councils, the best
■calculation may fail.
Henry A. Wise.
This gentleman, recently Charge d'Aflaires at
Brazil, whither he had been sent by President Ty
ler, made a speech at Drummondtown, Val, last
week, in which he declared himself in favor of the
war with Mexico, and in favor of the annexation
of the whole of that country to the D. S. He sus
tained the Administratian so far in all its measures
respecting the war, except that it had not been
violent enough, and advocated a vigorous prosecu
tion of it for territorial indemnity. He also alluded
to the difficulty he had with the President when he
was Speaker of the House of Representatives, and
acknowledged himself in the wrong.
Somerset County for Buchanan.
The Democrats of Somerset county met on Mon
day last, arid elected William Ronnr,Esq, their
Delegate to the 4th of March Convention. He is
the “open and,earnest friend of Mr. Buciiaxav
A resolution expressing a preference for another
distinguished candidate for the Presidency, was laid
on the table by an almost unanimous vote.
Plfee County for Buchanan.
Oscar H. Mott, Esq., was chosen delegate to
the 4th Of March Convention, from this county, on
Monday night last, by the largest county meeting
ever held in that gallant Democratic county, and
unanimously instructed for James ‘ Buchanan for
the Presidency. Wayne,, it will be recollected, con
ceded the delegate to Pike.
Clarion County.
The Democratic Delegate Convention was held
on the 14th instant at Lock Haven. Gen William
Morrison was chosen senatorial and H L Dif
PISBACH representative delegate to the 4th of
March Convention, with instructions to support
/aiobs Buchanan for the Presidency and Timotht
Itss for Called Commissioner.
Another Mexican Apologist.
William F. Johnston, the erratic conservative
Senator from Armstrong, who has played jeo many
“fantastic tricks” in politics, has proposed a series
of resolutions to the State Senate, in which, among
other apologetic references to Mexico, it ii roundly
affirmed that “the war might have been avoided by
a more careful and forbearing course of policy on
the part of our national rulers.” '
The gloom of midnight is not more opposed to
the brood glare of noonday, than is this affirmation
opposed to the facts.. Stripped of all disguises, it
simply means, that the United States is the aggres
sing and Mexico tho aggrieved party—and that for
the blood and money expended in tho prosecution
of tho war, not tho besotted military adventurers
of Mexico, but "oitr rulers" are to be heljl reipon
sible. This is only another echo to tho Tally Ho
of the Federal loaders in Congress, who are wast
ing all tlioir energies, and all tho valuable time of
the country, in a vain effort to give the War an of
fensive character, and to brand the administration
with a want of proper “forbearance”; towards
Mexico. Want of forbearance, indeed!; In the
name of all that is solemn, what amount dr degree
of provocation would Senator Johnston regard as
a sufficient cause for a resort to arms? :A retro
spect of the conduct of Mexico, for the last twenty
years,-should convince every reasonable mind, that
the “forbearance” of this republic stands, almost
without a parallel in recorded history. Were not
the robbery and murder of unoffending American
citizens—the spoliation of American comhierce —}
the shameless violation of treaty stipulations—-and,
finally, the marching of armed legions upon Ame
rican soil, and the slaughter of our people—was
not this accumulation of outrages enough to justify
a resort'to the Sword, that had already slept in its
scabbard too long! • j
But our government, mild and peaceful in its ve
‘ry nature, submitted for many long years to this
treatment, until indignity was added to indignity,
and injury heaped upon injury. Every wise and
soothing expedient was adopted, to inspire; Mexico
with a returning sense of justice. In the galley of
Humiliation, almost, did we exhaust the cup of
conciliation to the dregs, in the hope that the worst
might be averted. And it was not until every offer
of a friendly adjustment had been dissipated—not
until we had endured more from Mexico than dur
ing the last war we endured from Great Britain
not, indeed, until Mexico had struck the first blow ,
that our Government resolved—poising themselves
on their own magnanimity, and the honor and
spirit ol the nation—to return the hostilities, com
menced by the enemy. • i
And yet. in the teeth of all those facts,!Senator
Johnston declares that “the war might have been
avoided , by a more careiuUand forbearing course of
policy on the part of our national rulers!” Now,
is there an unprejudiced man in the United States,
who will lay his hand on his heart, and grieve that
still greater sacrifices were not made to the genius
of Peace? llad President Polk neglected or re
fused military protection to Texas, after she had
been brought under the American flag, and when
threatened by a hostile army, collected on the
banks of the Rio Grande, with invasion, such delin
quency would have, ended in the absolute.;prostra
tion and degradation of our national character, the
abandonment of the violated rights and offended
dignity of the republic, and would have justly ren
dered our government unworthy the confidence of
its own citizens, unworthy the respect of the
world. One step' more; and our “forbearance”
would have ceased to be a virtue. It would have
degenerated into a crime of the deepest and' blackest
dye. lo have endured more, or longer, would have
required the blood of the nation to be colder and
more torpid than the blood of a serpent. And yet,
Senator Johnston, of Armstrong, an .American
citizen ••to the manor proposes to
spread on the journal of the Pennsylvania Senate,
the declaration, that the war “might haVe been
avoided ,” had our rulers practised a little more
“forbearance" towards Mexico! Wonderful!
Wonderful!
Lancaster Whigs for Clay.
Ihc Whig Delegate Convention of Lancaster
county met in the Court . House, in this city, on
T. uesday last. . There was a very general represen
tation ot the townships. Thomas E. Fraxklin,
Esq., was chosen Delegate to the W T hig National
Convention, and. John Landis, of East Lampeter,
Presidential Elector. Delegates to the Whig State
Convention: Isaac E. Hiester (city,) David Shultz
(Earl,) John Charles, sen., H.
Herr (West Lampeter,) Levi S. Reist (Warwick.)
Thomas Ch Henderson (Salisbury.)
No absolute instructions were given to Mr.
Franklin, but the following resolutions in reference
to the Presidency are sufficiently indicative of the
choice of the Convention.
Resolved , That while the Whigs of Lancaster
county pledge themselves to .support the nominee
of the National Convention,they have no hesitation
in declaring that ffieir confidence remains lindimin
ished in the abilities, experience and public virtues
of HENRY CLAY, and that his nomination by the
National Convention would meet with their most
hearty concurrence.
Resolved, That while each succeeding election,
has added to the vote of HENRY CLAY, it has
also strengthened his claims to the confidence of
the people ; and that we believe his re-nomination
for the Presidency at this time would be better cal
culated to unite and harmonize the Whig party, and
secure to it a certain victory, than that of any other
man who has been named for the station, j
Resolved , That while the Whigs of Lancaster
county thus manifest their preference for 1 Henry
Clay, they are not unmindful of the claims of
*Taylor, Scott, Crittenden, McLean, Webster, and
other well known Whigs, and should the choice*
of the Convention fall upon eTthur of. these distin
guished citizens, they will cheerfully bow to the
decision, and extend to the nominee a full, Tree and
cordial support.
•One of the delegates moved to strike out the
name of Gen. Tatlor from among the
of *• well known whig?,’’ on the ground that he had
hitherto pertinaciously declined to disclose his poli
tical opinions—but the presiding officer either did
not hear, or did not relish, the. motion, and it was
not submitted to vote. The anti-Taylor- feeling
was, however, so manifest, that Horace Greeley
himself could not have managed things more to
his liking.
The Weather.
Tt is questionable whether the recollection of the
“ ; oldest inhabitant” extends to a winter so remark
able for its mildness as the present. Old! Father
Time seems to have literally abjured the customs
that have distinguished him from infancy,' and to
have surrendered himself to the most inexplicable
eccentricities. Either sucli is? true'pf old Time, or
we are shifted into strange latitudes, for on lio other
hypothesis can we account for the extraordinary
mildness of the season.
Many of our young friends indulge the pleasing
hope, that it is not yet too late for old Greybeard
to vouchsafe the accustomed quantum of snow and
sport, with the consequent cheerful ring !of the
sleigh-bell, the .merry feugh of the sleighing-belle,
and all the wonted gaiety of Winter. They have
not yet relinquished the expectation, that there will
be a sufficiency of Ice to cause present fears ; to slide
from the. memory—that skates will not be voted
wholly a superfluity, but may find purchasers wil
ling to incur the risk of a fall, should it even result
in numerous small investments pf capital in flannel
and opodeldoc, causing a tightness in bandages.
That these sports may yet be realized at the “elev
enth "hour ’ of the winter, we fondly trust—although
present appearances render it, like whig promises,
a little uncertain. j
Virginia.
The Democratic State Convention of Virginia
■meets in the city of Richmond, on next Monday,
the 28th instant An Electoral Ticket is to be
formed, and Delegates appointed to the Democratic
National Convention. The Convention is exciting
much interest throughout the Stats.
Important from Washington.
- A telegraphic despatch from the Washington
correspondent of the North American , published in!
that.paper of yesterday morning, says: j ..
CoL Fhimont has been found guilty pjf all the
chargcs preferred before the Court Martial, of mu
tiny, disobedience of orders, and conduct unbecom
ing an officer. Tho Court decreed dismissal from
the service, the lesser penalty of the law, but re
commended him to-the lenity of the President by
a vote of seven to six, The President dissontejl
from tho Court on the charge of mutiny, but ap
proved tho finding bn tho other two. Ho then ro*
mittod tho sontencc, and ordered him to duty, It
is said Col, Fremont has resigned his commission,
Despatches were received this : morning by the
odltor or the Union, and by others, confirming the
rumors which reached here last evening of the ar
rival of propositions for peaco from Mexico, The
terms are those originally submitted by Mr. Trist,
with a qualification for a standing army, of twelve
thousand men to protect the government, It is
also stated that the Mexican Congress will ratify
this negotiation without much division. I hope it
may prove so.
Clarion, Jefferson, and Venango.
The conferees for the representative district,
composed of these counties, met on the 9th, at
Clarion, and chose as delegates to the 4th of March
Convention, Seth Clover and Geo. W, Zeigler,
Esqr's., with the following instructions:
Resolved , That our delegates be, and hereby are,
instructed to support delegates to the Baltimore
Convention, friendly to the nomination of James
Buchanan.
Resolved, That our delegates be, and hereby are,
instructed to support a Western man for Canal
Commissioner, and that they use all honorable
means to secure the name of John Keatly, Esq., of
Clarion county, for that office.
Clarion and Venango counties have named John
S. McCalmont, Esq., as Senatorial delegate to the
4th of March Convention, subject to the decision
of Potter, Elk, McKean, and Warren, all of which
counties have declared in favor of the nomination
of Mr. Buchanan for the Presidency. ’ The Clarion
Democrat , the old and well-tried organ of-our friends
in that county, has hoisted the name of James
Bucuanan for the Presidency, subject to the decis
ion of the National Convention.
Rejection of Col. Plollct.
Washington letter-writers state, that the nomi
nation of Col. Vic Ton E. Piollet as Paymaster in
the regular army, in place of Gen. Hammond, de
ceased, was on Tuesday last rejected by the U. S.
Senate., Col. Piollet is well known in this State,
as an active andjntelligent Democrat, having served
several sessions as a representative from Bradlord
county in the State Legislature. We know him
well, and are at a loss to conjecture a single good
reason for his rejection. His advocacy of the
“Wiimot Proviso” was . not-to our liking, to he
sure, but how this served to disqualify him from
exercising the duties of PaymastA; in the army,"we
do not exactly comprehend.. We regret this pro
ceeding sincerely.
Clay Invited to Lancaster!
The venerable and retired Sage'of Ashland, hav
ing disposed of that case in the Supreme Court, is
expected to reach Philadelphia by the first train of
cars on Thursday—in the very nick of time to
make a ease of the grand Taylor* demonstration,
which is advertised for to-day. At the recent Whig
Convention a committee was appointed to invite
him to this city, who we learn have proceeded for
this purpose to'- Philadelphia. . The Whigs ol the
“ Old. Guardi* are enthusiastic in
to Mr. Clay, amhwould doubtless, in his presence,
make the welkin ring with rejoicings’.
election of Judges.
That sound Democratic paper, the Pittsburgh
Morning Post, has the following.comments upon
the late action of the State Senate upon the propo
sal to elect Judges by the people:
We ardently hope that this measure may be
adopted in our State: for we are among the num
ber of those who believe that no public Officer, en
trusted directly with the interests of the people,
should receive his appointment at any other hands
than their own. We knowthow well the system
works in States vrhere the Judges are elected by
the people, and see not why Democratic Pennsyl
vania should be behind some of her younger sisters
in progressive reforms.
The Ice Crop.
• As Boston is the great ice market, not merely of
the Union, but of the world, the following para
graph from the Transcript of that city will be read
with interest:
Thence harvesters at Fresh Pond have not yet
begun to gather in their crop. They are waiting
for the ice to grow a little more. It is estimated
that the ice gains an inch in thickness every twen
ty-four hours in weather like the present.
The Boston Traveller has the following para
graph :
The Ice Crop. —The present cold weather is fa
vorable to the ice dealer, but lost time cannot be
regained. It is the usual practice for ice dealers to
ship all the ice possible, previous to filling up their
houses here. A'large ice dealer stated a day or
two since, that up to this time last year one hun
dred and twenty-one vessels had been freighted
with ice at this port, for the various ice warehouses
at the south and for foreign ports. This year,
though the low rate of freights has been unusually
favorable for the shipment of ice, not a tithe of the
usual business has been done. The exports of Jan
uary last, as compared with January, 1846, is short
about 3000 tons. *
Value of Newspapers.
From an excellent and highly elassick address,
delivered several years ago, before the alumni of
Hamilton College,'(N. Y.) by the Hon. Lewis
Cass, we make the following choice extract:
“ The wish of Archimides is realized, and aplace
-is found where the world can be moved. Only a
century and a half has passed away since the intro
duction of newspapers, and during many years their
progress was slow and doubtful. In their infancy,
there was little to commend them to public regard.
They were chronicles of passing events, recording
every thing with equal gravity, whether trifling or
important. There were no enlarged views, no In
teresting speculations, no elaborate discussions, pol
itical or statistical. But aq they attained maturity,
their character gradually changed, and they became,
what they now are\ the repositories of all that is
important in the progress of human affairs, and of
much that is valuable in science and literature.
Their duration is now beyond the reach of fraud
or force. In republics, they are safeguards of free
dom; in monarchies, they are jealous sentinels,
prompt to discern, and fearless to announce ap
proaching danger ; and in all governments, they are
the nerves which convey sensation through the pol
itical body, Benefits,. when common, are rarely
appreciated, and the elements droundus are among
the choicest blessings of life, which 1 we enjoy with
out reflection but which we>would not lose without
destruction. If the periodical press, with its rich
treasures of intelligence and science, were struck
from existence, we should then know how much
we had possessed, by feeling how much we had
lost.*’
Invaluable Remedies.
We have no faith in quack remedies, but think it
always the safest plan to apply to a regular physi
cian, in all cases of indisposition. Here are some
remedies, however, for very prevalent disorders,
that we have no hesitation in recommending as
quite infallible. Try them :
For Sea Sickness — stay at home.
For Drunlcenncss—drink. cold water.
For Health— rise early.
For Accident —keep out of danger.
To Keep out of Jail— pay your debtß.
To Please All — mind your business.
To Mdke Money— advertise.
Death of Judge Daniel.— On the 10th inst., in
the city of Raleigh, the Hon. Joseph Daniel, one
of the Judges of the Supreme Court of the State of
North Carolina, departed this life, whilst in the
midst of his judicial labors. He had been in feeble
health for some time past, but was confined to his
room but a week or two before his death. Judge
Daniel was about seventy years old, and for more
than thirty years past-has been constantly in the
service of the State, either as one of the Superior
Court or Supreme Court Judges.
ID* A Washington correspondent of the Journal
of Commerce says that John P. Hale, of New Hamp
shire, sitsjupon the whig side of the' Senate. He
talks on that side too, the writer might have added.
Democratic meeting at Leamon
Place*
A meeting of Democratic citizens, favorable to
the nomination of Jaxis Buchanan for the Presi
dency, will be held at the public house of Mrs.
Miller, (Leamon Place,) Paradise townahip, Lan
caster county, on Saturday, February 26, 1848, at
1 o’clock, P. M. A general attendance of -the
Democracy is requested 9
James H. Houston, John R. Miller,
Joel L. Llghtnor, Jamoi H. Meaulcr,
Jacob'Ayres, ,
William F. Baker, Gaot D. Mcllviine,
Georae-Slaymaker, John F. Leiovbr,
David Andorion, A. L. Henderson,
L ias Beam, 1 Thai. T. MMlvalno,
Wm. ( VlcCtskoy, Harman Albright,
Joel L. Lefovor, James Paul,
John Rodgers, «. F. Houston,
Martin Shuits, Wm. Hondorson,
Adam Trout, John Llndocamp,
Jacob D.aHoho, > Thomas 8. Henderson,
Christian Earb, Samuol Black,
John Shult*, John Griffith,
John B. Trout, John D. Wilson,
™ c .°l John Gallaher,
Elijah H. Fraim, Robert Chamberlin,
John A. Shultz, Isaac Rutter,
Hiram Draucker, J. B. Baker,
Andrew White, Lafayette Bak*,
Elias B. Lindecamp, Joshua Chamberlin,
Henry Eckert, Oliver B. Wilson,
Jesse Rank, Charles Gay, .
Anthony Lechler, David Russejl,
Wm. McCanna, Caleb Atkins,
John Johnston, John Barckley,
Jno. H. Edwards, Wm. Galaher,
Jacob Fiorow, Samuel Jackson,
Ehrhart gchneider, [Feb’y 22, 1848.
EDITORIAL BREVITIES,
Appointment by the Governor.—Samuel A.
Gilmoiie, of Butler, (Pa.) to be President Judge
for the district composed of Fayette, Washington,
and Greene counties. •
07* We are indebted to Senator Dir, of New
York, for a pamphlet copy of his able speech on
the war with Mexico, delivered in the Senate on
the 2Gth ultimo.
Washington, February IG.
The President gave a dinner party to-day, which
was attended by Mr. Clay and a large number of
members of Congress, without distinction of party.
Nearly every State in the Union was represented.
That s a Fact. —A British journal, in comment
ing on the recent acquisitions -of the United States
on the side of Mexico, says—
“ Looking to our first occupation of Eastern India,
and our progress there afterwards, the less we say
on the subject of the similar occupation by our
American brethren of Western India the better.”
U 7" The Londofi 7'imcs is displeased with Presi
dent Polk's course in regard to the Mexican War.
07* Major Borland, one of the Encarnation
prisoners who was captured with Maj. John P.
Gaines, Capt. Cassius M. Clay and others, is talk
ed of as a candidate for Congress in Arkansas.
, 07* There are indications that the Democratic
party of New York will unite upon Zadoc Pratt
for Governor—the enterprising tanner and formerly
member of Congress. He would be very likely to
succeed.
“A new way to pay old Debts." —One John
Durgan was arrested in Boston for attempting to
pay an old debt with a Harrison medal, which he
alleged to an illiterate woman was a sovereign.
A Vote op Thanks. —Among the toasts drank
at a recent celebration in Yazoo city, (Mississippi.)
was the following:
By 11. C. Lewis—Christopher Columbus, the
discoverer of America—very much obliged to him
indeed/
Who, after this, will contend that republics' arc
ungrateful ? -
07/A Kentucky-paper exultingly announces that
land has lately been sold in Bourbon county for
eight dollars the acre. Alas! for a ruined country!
A new Presidential Candidate —John Van
Buren, son of the ex-President, has been nominated
by the Democrats of Erie county, .New York, as a
candidate for the Presidency.
i D“ There are now not less than three Johnsons
in the Senate of the United States—from Maryland,
Georgia, and Louisiana.
Bible Agent in Mexico.— The American
Bible Society have appointed the Rev. W. H. Norris,
for many years resident in South America as a
missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church, to
be their temporary agent in Mexico, for the purpose
of ascertaining what can be done by the society
for the circulation of the Spanish Bible in that
country. , Mr, Norris sails in tw f o or three weeks.
MATERNAL KINDNESS, i
My heart grew softer as I gazed upon
youthful mother, as she soothed to rest,-
With a slow song, her lov’d and cherished one,
The bud of promise on her gentle breast.
’Tis a sight that Angel ones above
May stoop to gaze on, from the bowers of bliss,
When Innocence upon the breast of Love,
Is cradled in a sinful world like this.
Boston Bots.-tA son was prosecuted by his
father, in a Boston Court last week, for slander.
The jury gave one dollar damages to the father.
They ought to have given $5,000 in favor, of the
public, against the father, for bringing up a son so
Unnatural. -
More Wit. —The following conundrum took a
prize cup, at St Louis, the other day:
Why was- the capture pf the city of Mexico
like the novel “Ivanhoe?” Because it was Scott’s
best work.
Canada.: — A correspondent of the Montreal
Courier deplores the condition of Canada, he asks:
“ Shall we have a separation from the mother
country, and become a republic? or shall ice join the
United States * These are two questions upon which
the country must now decide.”
ID* Gen. TAYLon has written that he will not
withdraw his name as a candidate for the presidency';
that the people have put him up, and they alone
can put him down. Yet a whig letter writer has
the impertinence to write from Washington that if
Mr. Clay be nominated by the whig convention,
“J have the best reason for believing that General
Taylor will not permit his name to enter into the
canvass 1’
ID* It is said the reason why the magnetic tele,
graph will not be allowed in Russia is, that the
emperor fears the introduction of such a multitude
of upright poles.
ID* Harris Bell, convicted at Honesdale of the
murder of Mrs. Williams, has been sentenced to
be hung.
ID" The Telegraphic line between Philadelphia
and Charleston is now complete.
ID~Five hundred thousandhogs have been packed
in Cincinnati during the present season. What a
bristling army!
ID* The total number of-tons of produce received
at New York in through the New York State
Canals, was 387,506. In 1846 the number of tons
thus receiyed at New Y'ork was 1,107,270. It is
no wonder that New York is prospering and con
stantly increasing in population.
ID* The Philadelphia papers announce the death
of John White, Esq., President cif the Delaware
Coal Company, and one of the most respected resi
dents of that city.
ID* The Whigs of New York, favorable to the
elevation of Mr. Clay to the Presidency, have called
a great mass meeting at Castle Garden on Thurs
day evening next
A Cracked Bell.— The Pennsylvanian says,
many honest people, having heard of Bell's predic
tion that the war will be voted down if submitted
to the country, have come to the conclusion, that
he is certainly cracked.
HONORABLE SATISFACTION.
When slander some loose scoundrel brings
Upon your honest fame, '
Vengeance nor heals your bleeding heart,
Nor clears the branded shame.
But if to shoot' you down beside,
He does the best he can,
You’ve all the “ satisfaction” then,
That’s due a gentleman 2
For the Lancaster Inielllieocer.
Final Report of the State Geologist.
Itgives jis pleasure to hear that the Legislature
are movutg in reference to the final report of Mr*
Rooebj, taj accordance with hie desire to render
hie geological survey of the State complete.
The aetjof assembly creating this public trust was
passed the-29th of Much, 1830,and provides "for
aOeologicbl and Mineralogical survey of the State."
The third | section directed the State Geologist to
make an annual report to bo laid boforo the Legis
lature. Tho fourth requires him ultimately to de
lineate the difToront geological formations on tho
State maj), " and on tho completion of the survey,
to oomplle a memoir of tho geology and mineralogy
of the State, comprising a complete account of the
loading subjoots and dlsoovorlos which have been
ombraced in the survey." Several other duties
were required by this and subsequent acts, such as
to forniih specimens of the rocks, minerals, &c M
and.detailed chemical analyses thereof.
The appointment foil upon Mr. Rogers, who
commenced the work at once, and continued it la*
boriously til| tho let February' 1842, which is the
date of the sixth and last annual report. For va
rious reasons unnecessary now to recapitulate, no
further field work or paid progress has been made.
The Geologist and his assistants went out of office
for want of further appropriation; yet he seems,
con amore , to have cpmpiied with great care, his
."memoir," or final by very
voluminous maps and Srafts, to make his final
"memoir of the geology-a!nd mineralogy of the
State" as complete and v useful as possible. All
these are placed in the hands of the Executive, and
the late State Geologist is-.in attendance at Harris
burg on the Government, to furnish the Legislature
requisite explanation; and if an appropriation be
made, to superintend the printing and publication
of this laborious and useful work. It is presumed
that the Legislature, upon due investigation, will
have but little hesitation in directing him to
ceed with his final report, and granting him the
requisite means.
It seems due, after So large an expenditure of
time and money, that the results should, as origin
ally contemplated, be put in a shape to be useful.
That the final publication will be eminently so,
cannot well be doubted. So extended a collection
of scientific facts and details of the geology and
mineralogy of the State, must, when condensed
and generalised into form as a whole, be eminently
useful.
It cannot be expected to be perfect, for geology,
as a science, is comparatively young and progres
sive. No doubt some deductions, hastily drawn in
the reports, have been modified or discarded
as erroneous, in the generalizations of the final re
port. One or two very marked mistakes may be
pointed out here, lest the eminent Geologist, wed
ded to his original theory, inaynothave thoroughly
.discovered and corrected them. One in particular,
if an error, would displace " the order', succession,
arrangement, and relative position of the several
strata or geological formations within the State"
very much. He says himself, in his first annual re
port, page 4 :
"The liability to commit serious errors-during
the earlier steps of a geological investigation, de°
voted to a country so little explored as Pennsylva
nia, is obvious;" and therefore proposes " with
holding the details annually collected, in order to
embody them, at the termination of tho survey, in
one comprehensive description of the State."
Now is the time, therefore, if there be errors in
the annual reports, to correct them.
In his hrst report, pages 7 and 8, he calls all
cast of the Cumberland valley the Southeasteni re
gion, and all between the Southeastern region and
the principal ridge of the Allegheny mountains, the
Appalachian region of Pennsylvania. And on page
12 he savs':
: "The Appalachian region, so far as it ha/been
hitherto explored, is found to comprise twelve dis
tinct strata or sets of rocks Dipping&somc
times to the southeast and sometimes to the north
west, the.se strata present numerous great undula
tions, inconsequence of which some of them, more
especially the lower ones, reappear often in the
space between the Cumberland valley and the coal
measures north-east of the Allegheny Mountains."
" The lowest in position is a very thick blue lime
stone,” &c.
In his second annual report, paircs 1-i, 19 and 20,
he adds a “sandstone formation at the base of the
■whole series,” and speaks of “the great limestone
of the Kittatiny (Cumberland) valley ” as “ the next
stratum in the ascending order.” And on page 15
he speaks of “ the whole thirteen formations which
constitute the Appalachian region of Penn' J a/t By
his second report, therefore, he makes the strata,-
by adding a sandstone one as the bottom, to amount
to thirteen in number. If it were so, it would af
ford a curious coincidence , almost amounting to a
miracle, of Nature having, a good many years pre
cedent, laid down in middle Pennsylvania thirteen
strata —a number just equal to the good old Thirteen
United' States ! The Geologist arrived at this con
clusion in his second year, and announced the dis
covery and addition of one more stratum in his an
nual report. •
Now unfortunately for this coincidence, there is
no doubt that the blue limestone spoken of in the
first report, which is the same layer or stratum with
the Lancaster county limestone bed, is really the
lowest and consequently the oldest stratum not on
ly of these valleys, but of the whole of Pennsyl
vania. This is the bottom bed, and it is nowhere
in Pennsylvania worn through so as to disclose its
real thickness, or what lies under it. The sand
stone, he calls the bottom rock, is the extension of
his layer number four, which he found, in the north
side of the South Mountain, placed, by the close
foldings, or plications (as he calls them) of these
various strata, on its edge perpendicularly; and,
therefore, hastily concluded that it had protruded
or forced itself through the limestone and slates on
its top, from below. Whereas in fact that layer is
the sandstone rock of Peters’ and other mountains,
there enormously thick, extending down this way
and papping all the hills around us till it thins or
fines out in the north hill of Chester valley.
It is now beginning to be known and recognized
among Geologists that the ridges and hollows, the
anticlinal and synclinal axes, the ranges of the
mountainous regions and most of the inequalities
of the surface, are the products of the gradual
condensation or lessening of the interior or pulp of
the earth, and the consequent wrinkling, folding,
or crumpling of its crust, to conlorm this outer coat
to the contracting size of the interior igneous liquid
mass. This layer of sandstone is of course like
the rest, distorted and folded by the contraction of
the crust of the earth into various inclinations from
a horizontal to a perpendicular position.
The modus operandi of Nature in modeling the
crust, seems to have been, and still probably to be,
in condensing, to crumple or contract by breaking
the.crust of the earth into strips, by long parallel
fissures, alternately up and down, along the line of
least resistance ; of course in the bottom of the
ocean, where from the tendency of the interior heat
to an equilibrian the crust would be thinest. The
contraction would gradually fold these strips up ;
which, with the effusion of mel.tcd matter by spirt
ing through tfie cracks or fissures, together with
the rapid accretion of sedimentary matter washed
from the continents, would gradually fill up the
ocean and let down the land in vast continental
sheets too thick’and strong to break ; till the ocean
changes place, overflowing the continents, and
leaving bare the irregular crumpled bottom of the
oceans, as new continents of dry land, with their
ranges of mountains, and hills, formed by the fis
sured strips, folded by the contracting power. In
process of time this action alternates, and the ocean
again and again changes place, and resumes its for
mer bed, leaving behind the series of discoyered
geological marks of repeated submergence, and
retreat of the waters of the ocean.
But to return. A conclusive proof that his sand
stone is above and not below the limestone, arises
from the mistake made in the third annual report,
page 15,16 and 17, in which he says the sandstone
in places covers the top and flanks of the'Welch
Mountains in this county, and the limestone cir
cling round its western end crops out, lying over
and upon this sandstone. Now every body in this
neighborhood knows that the Welch Mountain is
not, as he says, an. anticlinal, but a synclinal axes,
lying in a depression or trough of the limestone,
which thus disappears all round, running under,
and not cropping out upon the edge of this' ridge.
In fact the slightest inspection of the borders of
this Lancaster limestone valley shows the limestone
bed disappearing under its hills all around, as he
admits it does oa tip, nortft kide under the South
Mountain or Conewago hills;'the same limestone
re appearing from underthese hills into Lebanotvand
Cumberland valley, V So that there can be no doubt,
he has mistaken tho sandstone lying above the
limestone, with its loose disintegrated portions
covering. and protecting the hills and mountain.,
lidos, for a sandstoho protruded through (Vom be*
low. All tho hills and mountains of the serioi
near to the limestone aro synclinal axes or trough
lying in long hollows of tho limestone bod bonoath.
Tho loose sandstones brokon or crumbled iYom tho
rock In place on top havo fiillon down, and cover
ing tho sides of tho hilt* down to tho limestone,
which dips under, are very well calculated to de
ceive.
As this great llmoitona bod Is found to be con
tinuous in the Cumberland valley, extending (Vom
beyond* Nowburg in Now York through by Easton,
Reading, and Winchester in Vo., along south-west
ward some fiOQ miles, it is reasonable to suppose,
and geology proves tho fact, that it is equally per
sistent north and south j and extends, dipping and
rising away., northward under all the hills and
mountains of Penna.,till it finally crops out almost
in a horizontal position in Western New York.
This layer is found to be the same by tracing its
edge eastward from Niagara to Lockport and Ro
chester, and so on east till it turns round by the
Berkshire hills and ultimately meets the Newburg
limestone. zi ,
But in giving a description of the number and
layers of strata from the Blue Mountain north, a
still greater error has been committed ; and one
which, if not corrected in the general report and
maps, will be destructive of much of their useful
ness. The error is this; the Geologist found a
limestone just north of the Blue Mountain on Sher
man’s creek in Perry county, also south of Pine
Grove, and at Schuylkill Haven, and again above
Port Clinton, on the Little Schuylkill. All these
places are in a range just at the foot of the north
side of the Blue Mountain. Now he admits that
the limestone'No. 2, of Cumberland, or Kittatiny
•valley, as he calls it, dips northward under this
mountain. The north side of this mountain not
being so precipitous as the south side, does not dis
j close its layers of rocks in place, but is covered
with the earth and broken stone of the disintegra
ted strata or rock formation of the mountain.' At
the north foot of the mountain, thus sloping down
and covered with earth, he found a limestone as
J before said, appearing in many places. He hastily
and erroneously concluded that the strata of the
mountain did not turn up again on its northern side
forming a trough or synclinal axes; but continued
dipping from its south side northward, and of course
that the limestone he found on its north side also
i dipped to the north, and was a.layer or stratum
1 cropping out southward upon the north side of the
j mountain; and therefore was a new stratum of
• limestone lying geologically on top of the strata of
j the North or Blue Mountain. If this were sb he
| would be right, and it would be No". 6 of his thir
; teen strata. . s
-Now the ascertained truth is, that this limestone
bed is his No. 2 limestone, its top reappearing on
the north side of the Blue Mountain, having disap
peared under on the south side; just as the same
bedj he admits, disappears from Lancaster county
under the Conewago hills or South Mountain, and
comes up again or reappears on its north side in
Lebanon and Cumberland valleys, as his No. 2.
This limestone bed beyond tfie North Mountain
turns down quickly, dipping north and reappearing
occasionally, zigzaging up and down with the strata,
and forming the limestone of the valleys up to the
main Allegheny Ridge. If this be the case, he has
mistaken the frequent reappearance of No. 2 for a
new layer a mile above, which, if it were so, would
be No. 6of his series. And counting the layers
clearly on top of it to the north, up to the Anthra
cite coal.strata, which is at the top of all, he makes
13 layers, the Anthracite being No. 13. But it
will be seen that by mistaking No. 2 on the north
side for he has counted the five first over
twice. To which adding his erroneous No. 1, and
the conglomerate-immediately under the coal as
No. 12, he arrives at the top or coal strata as No. 13.
Any one can see that, this error, if persisted in
through the final report and maps, will destroy
much ot their genuine usefulness, ant} confuse all
scientific arrangement and knowledge of the layers
of rock or strata of middle Penn’a. i
That this error has been made, will appear from
some facts and deductions of the annual re
ports themselves. For instance, the limestone of
Buffalo valley near Lewisburg he calls; rightly, the
old limestone layer or No. 2. When, directly across
the river, running east along the north and south
sides of Montour’s Ridge, are two valleys, with
the limestone occasionally appearing therein, east
to Bloomsburg. This limestone, although he says
it crops out against the Ridge, and would, if not
worn away, extend clear over, covering it up; yet
it manifestly runs under Montour’s, almost ap- N
pearing above ground in the anteclinal axes in its
middle; showing itself at intervals all along on both
sides. Now this limestone-.he calls No. 6,although
the valleys run westward across the river, and
come directly in contact with the limestone of Buf
falo above and below Lewisburg, which limestone
he calls No. 2.
Again, the limestone stratum in Perry county
may be traced up the valley of Sherman’s creek
west to its head waters; and down Path valley, it
occasionally appearing, t& Loudon ; and down
round the ends of Jordan’s and Parnel’s Knobs,
which are the end of the Blue Mountain, into
Mcrcersburg and Chambersburg neighborhoods in
Cumberland valley, the limestone of which is his
Ko. 2. And yet, it will be observed, it has been
traced as the same bed from Sherman’screek lime
stone, his No.'6, continuously round ending in No.
2. They must, therefore, Be the same bed, the
blue limestone of Cumberland valley and his No. 2.
But further, the limestone in Kishacoquillas val
ley he admits is the old stratum next to the bottom
or Nt>. 2. Yet the limestone ridge along on the
north side of Tuscarora Mountain, coming down,
from Georgetown on the river, through by Pfouts’
valley, and running southwest from Lewistown, he
calls No. 6. And tracing it and the layers of fossi-
Hferous slate, and sandstone on Us top southwest up
Aughwick’s creek, till he comes to Sydney Knob,
and passes on to the west, side of Scrubb Ridge,
lying west of Connellstown limestone valley, r he
finds his stratification there risen to No. 9, as he
supposes, and fitting directly against No. 4. For
which, in page 60 of the 3d annual report, he gives
the following reasons: “On the western side of
that ridge” (Sydney Knob) “the formation disap
pears in consequence of an enormous dislocation of
1 the strata, which commencing in this vicinity runs
southward along the western part of Scrubb Ridge ”
(some 20 miles long) “ tilting its strata and those of
the subjacent side of the Connelstown cove, (com
posing formations 3 and 2) .which it borders, into
an adverted (inverted) position, and burying the
rocks of our formation 5, and also the overlying
formations 6, 7 and 8, so that the strata of forma
.tion 4 actually lean in some places upon those of
formation 9.” This is strong proof; for here again
his Nos. 6 and 2 would have come together as the
same stratum. But as this would confuse, perhaps
bverturn, his previous theory of two limestone beds,
one many thousand feet above the other, he resorts
to the monstrous conclusion, that Nature to ac
commodate his theory, had actually turned upside
down an enormous quantity of the country, more
than 20 miles long, so as to bury the upper layers
and bring the under ones of the inverted mass in
contact with his No. 9'. When, if he would call
his No. 6 No. 2, they, the No. 2’s, would, as they
do, come together exactly.
This and the other instances cited are conclusive
and prove beyond doubt, that there is no other great
limestone stratum but No. 2, the bottom layer; that
No. 2 as you advance north has been occasionally
taken for No. 6, thus erroneously introducing it as
a second great limestone stratum; and that he has
thereby doubled the number of layers by counting
them over twice. It will be seen, therefore, that
there are but six strata in the anthracite region
where he admits they are -the most numerous.—
First, the great limestone bed at the bottom; Sec
ond, the slates and shales, green, yellow and. red,
from the limestone up to' the conglomerate and
sandstone rock called the old carboniferous range;
Third, that rock; Fourth, the redshale rock lying
on its top, forming the redshale valleys round each
of the three anthracite coal basins; Fifth, the hea
vy conglomerate rock immediately under the coal;
and Sixth), the cdti strMxr itxelf which 1. at the top
of tho layers, y ;
It is not intended to derogate from the great
faithlhlneaa, industry, and ability, of the State Ge-
Ologiat. But only, in all ftankncii, to exhibit tho
nocoaaary result of a due examination of the Ikoti t
and thereby endeavor to have the correction made,
in the forthconSlng Final Report, without whioh, it
la greatly to bo (bared, the wholo expenditure would
bo worao th.iFuselcas, REFORM,
PoiUerlptl
Highly I|nport tint ftoin Mexico!
Oh' PIiACVt Confirmed by Mexican ok,
thonha ond accejileit by General Scott,
HE ARK 11 OF DESPATCHES TO GOVERNMENT.
Terms of the Treaty.
The Baltimore Sun of yesterday morning con
tains the following important intelligence from
Mexico, brought by its Bony Expresses from New
Orleans, in a Picayune extra of the 13th:
T ired at Vera Cru * °» Sunday;
last, the 6th inst., bearing despatches from General!
Scott for the government at Washington. He was on
ly four days from the city of Mexico. The des
patches brought by Mr. Freaner 'are of the utmost
importance. Hie nature of them - was not gener
ally known at Vera Cruz, hut from a source in
which we have abiding confidence we learn that
the Mexican Congress has sent in terms of peace,
which Gen. Scott has taken the responsibility of
accepting. One of the articles of this arrangement
is that twelve thousand United States troops shall
Mei,co , until certain obligations are ful
filled , the remainder of the troops to be withdrawn.
We learn further that the preliminaries of the
treaty of peace were signed on the first day of
February by the Mexican Government, and that no
doubt was entertained that the Mexican Congress,
which was to meet in a few days, would ratify the
same by a large majority. By the terms of this
treaty we understand that the United States obtain
the boundary of the Rio Grande,* New Mexico and
Upper California. The pecuniary consideration for
these concessions is a mere trifle compared with
that proposed in the conference at.Tacubaya.
Our dates by this arrival are to-'the evening of
the 2d inst., from the city. 6f Mexico, and the in
formation given above comes to us through so ma
ny channels and in such authentieform that we see
no reason to question the fact."
The Washington correspondent'of the Sun states,
also, that, the Treaty- has been received in Wash-
For the Lancaster Intellijeneer.
Canal Commissioner.
THis question is beginning to occupy, very gen
erally, the public'mind. The President of the
Canal Board has but one more year to serve: it is
therefore, important that the people should
as todhe Democrat to succeed toi this important
trust. Col. HENRY C. EYER, formerly a highly
popular member of the. State Senate, from the
15th district—in my opinion is the proper man.
Few men in Pennsylvania enjoy a more enviable
reputation than Col. Eyer. His business qualifica
tions are eminently great. One of the largest far
mers in the interior of the State, CoioneiEyer is
therefore among the. largest tax-payers in Pennsyl
vania. It is proper to remark, that the farming
interest of our noble State is at this time broadly
connected with the financial operations of the gov
ernment. It is to this great and controlling, branch
of industrial operation—it is to the producing class
es that Pennsylvania must now look to-redeem her
plighted faith—to vindicate her honor— maintain
her integrity and honest fame in the estimatitfii of
the world. It is the bone and the muscle, the toil
and the sweat of the laboring man that is taxed,
and must continue to be taxed, to pay off the pub-'
lie debt of the State. ! Is it then surprising that the
agricultural and producing interest of the Common
wealth are being thoroughly aroused to a sense 01
their duty, and a full determination to sustain Gov
ernor SHUNK in maintaining the., credit of the
State at home and abroad. The people know that
the money which they pay-from their earnings,
in the shape of taxes, will be legitimately applied
to the liquidation of= the public liabilities. s ln this
aspect of the public affairs, it is. just to conclude;
that the Democrats of Pennsylvania will select the*
next Commissioner from among the producing
classes.; and we congratulate ourselves that a
Democrat so acceptable, in all respects, as Colonel
Eyer is being so extensively adopted as a'candidate
a ; farmer of enlarged and practical-views, a. sound
Democrat, patriotic in-feeling, and last, though not'"
least, an honest man. SUSQUEHANNA.
For the Intelligencer.
Canal Commissioner.
Amongithe. Democratic candidates for Canal
Commissioner, to be nominated by the coming
4th of March Convention, no one stands so deser
vedly prominent as WILLIAM BEATTY of Butler
county. The writer of this communication has
known. Mr. Beatty for many years asa prominent,
ketive, and unwavering Democrat. He was one
of the first settlers of Butler, and has filled a num
ber, of responsible and honorable offices, the duties
of which he has discharged with great credit to
himself and much to the public satisfaction. More
than 20 years ago, he represented Allegheny and
Butler counties in the Legislature, and some years
since represented the 24th district in Congress. For
more than .10 years past, he has been an active,
fearless, and energetic member of the Democratic
party—and no man in Western Pennsylvania
wields a greater influence, or would carry a stron
ger vote. He is “ honest and capable,” and would
make a worthy colleague of Judge Longstreth.
A WESTERN DEMOCRAT.
For the Lancaster Intelligencer.
Canal Commissioner.
SAMUEL HOLMAN, of Dauphin county, is in
every respect a most suitable person for the office
of Canal Commissioner. He is an architect and
engineer, and familiar with the details both of com
struction and repair of the public works. He has
distinguished himself as a man of great energy
and skill, by the construction of many of the finest
bridges on the waters of the Susquehanna.
Since the Board of Canal Commissioners became
elective, he had charge for several years as super
intendent of the Canal from Columbia to the Mil
leretown dam on the Juniata, arid faithfully and
laboriously performed the duties of that appoint
ment. He is just such a man as the Democratic
party desire to entrust with public affaire. His
superior qualifications for Canal Commissidner,
strongly recommend him to the approaching con
vention. As a Democrat he has been unwavering
and uncompromising. He is both “honest and
ca P able -'’ CERRO GORDO.
For the Intelligencer*
Canal Commissioner.
As the time is approaching when another can
didate is to be nominated for the office of Canal
Commissioner, permit me to direct the attention of
the Democracy to a gentleman, whose claims chal
lenge the support of every Democrat. I refer to
JOHN NILL, Esq., of Franklin county.
Mr. N. is a gentleman of intelligence, and of un
questionable integrity. Reared in the school of
Democracy, he has ever been a steadfast and con
sistent supporter of its men and measures. I
know of no one in the interior of the State, who
has rendered more efficient service to his party.
Mr. N. has held the office of Collector on the public
works for several years, but declined a reappoint
ment this winter, thereby proving that he not only
preaches rotation in office, hut is willing to reduce
it to practice. He is a thorough friend of the
National and State Administrations, and would, if
elected, make an efficient and faithful Commissioner
If the State Convention unites on Mr. N. as the
Democratic candidate, iris success, by a triumphant
majority, is undoubted. , A COLUMBIAN.
E7-The total number of emigrants who sailed
from Liverpool m 1847, was 134,524, whdTin