SI. R-'
m
i
w.
"", ',i ' j-.--.--y !'
t-i-'Jt-fJ '"'
'NMEltlND HIS CAMELS.
IfetelCSTlNQ nEMINISCENiiCS BY
, THE .ADMIRAL OF THG, NAVV.
if, .
Atattlnent Mud ly the C idled Slat
,H?
th Clrtl Wat Insulting; CeBilnct
:?..'
, i-t XiMrUimm a ruU.
S ISpeclalCorrwpenilenco.l
WASHtSGTOS, Oct 84. Admiral Ter-
viet eccuple ene of (he most interesting
rmM. atirmt "(1 hv M font. Imllt ever tllO
carriage gate at bis iiorae en ii sircei,
"Alitetur the thousands of souvenirs of the
. ;' Admiral's career here preserved, rcpre-
i"MMtinir ererr stace of his public services
$ .during the past sixty years, nene nre
jftWOre interesting man a series ei iiviui m
' i'ief camels hanging upon the walls nmtd
L Ujblcturcaef ships and gun9. Cuiiouste
S i.ttinw what n naval officer could have
t iS, had In tin with nnlmnta which no stretch
Sef the Imagination could associate with
Sv:vtue navy, 1 questioned the old admiral
,v about them while paying him a visit sev-
j' eral months age.
Jf. I JE VilTU) &IAU.3 JlAllll.i; UU.I Ml-
TERY MOUNTED ON CA21i;U
" "Hut is an old Etory," rani the ad
miral, lighting nnethcr of the little
cigars of which he has smoked twenty
or inore a day for a quarter of a century.
', "These pictures recall one of the
strangest incidents of my career, an in
8 cident In which Jeffersen Davis bere a
Y prominent part. In March, 1835, con-
igy gress appropriated 530,000 for the pur-
fe?chase of camels nnd dromedaries te le
W emnlevcd for military nurneses. JefTer-
F-i nu ..,. i.. ..,..... f .......
uviwu MJta n ua tiivil Diviciili J Hi nili,
P and if I rulstake net the idea was his.
il l At nnv rntp. he rntpreil linnriilr Intn flin
tj&-experiment, for of course experiment it
TLU IVr lAlUiUJS. A U4 UUUtllCU lUt II
'. similar service, anu wayne nnu iBaucu
iL together in the steamship Supply, which
Eu- I commanded. I remember new that we
;-- cru iuiiuii jauguuu ut vy uur urumcr
fp? ellicers, and they made many jokes at
isf our expense. Yet the novelty of the ex
peditien attracted us, and we went away
!. determined te de nil in our power te
maite me experiment a success. We ex-
is& pecicu u uave mn lun, aim nan u.
,HerotheoliaJinTral laughed heartily,
5t and aftcr-iirecuring analhcr match with
i whiclr te relight his cigar, proceeded te
p04eU the story of the expeditien:
lj35 "Early in August we arrived at Tuni?,
f ffjrnnfnfl tctT tlA llrtvc ff inhrr ,i
"fif study of the best manner of keeninir the
,&J animals en beard ship. The boy of Tunis,
??. bearing of the puriose of our visit, pie-
w-Benicu iwe very une animais 10 us. ii
v,t was at Tunis we llnt learned that in the
j; orient a camel trade is a geed deal Hue a
l bone trade in the Occident. We beucht
M camel of a trader. The animal had
7iUxk 1 ami wu 1 1 rOT.Art nml ..nft ..n ., ml
1 AtUW UI(jlVI. UUU v tli9 , .1,1 4lllil--ll
V? seuna nnu lrce from disease. We liad
nlt. filfl lilm Inniv Krtfrtrrt i?a iMtirmmr
?,?'; be was diseased, afflicted with the itch
s,ana lame, we linaiiy gave mm away,
M and ene of theso nrcienti'il us bv tlm Ijcv
$it of Tunis also went wrong, and we sold
; nun rer a Eencr. it uiu net take us lern?
tft mil nilf nrpn nnun mi llin rni,lnl luiel.
e ness. and befere Ilnkliiiiir nurtrui we be.
f came pretty sharp tradpra ourselves.
& f "An Instance of tills occurred at Alex
andria during our second visit te the
orient. Wlille we were iu that part we
pi- received weru irem our consul general
iimt iiie viceroy ui ijypi. tiesirru iu
sliew his esteem for the president or tlm
United Stutes by presenting us with six
fine dromedaries. We were naturally
much delighted at this, for we knew his
highness, the viceroy, had many flne
'animals, and that he had been enzaced in
Igfc drilling u dromedary corps en the Per
sian system, each animal te carry two
-men armed with carbines. We weie
..also aware of the fact -that" oriental pe-
Celitates, in making presents, take pride
In giving nothing but the choicest. Our
joy wa3, however, been turned into
chagrin.
"When word came that the fclx fine
dromedaries awaited our pleasure in tlm
P?t.";palace yard I 6ent an elllcer for them.
P He came back in a few minutes and
Vp. , tnlfl nil the nnlmnh wprn .r wrntnliml
Wz- ha appearance and se rotten with
& ' :;ieu " "-"- -
..JWO THE CAMEL O.V EOaUD.
disease thatJ'0 veuld ,net (ake
the responsibility accepting them
without further erdertfljj l wc" t0
at the animals, and fJu.., Il,elu in
finitely werse than they had be repr.(j
tented. They are net dremcdarienQ, j1"'
but the common street camel of Alexaial,
dria, the most Ill-used and wretched ,
looking beast hi the world. Te make
matters worse, two of these camels '
had been purchased by Maj. Wayne nt
Caire nnd let go again at Alexandria be
cause they were diseased. Actually,
these two animals which we had already
rejected were the leet in the let of six
offered us with great flourish of trum
pets by his highness the viceroy.
"Yeu can itnasrfne hew ancrr I was."
aid tiieulii admiral, savagely biting the
end oil a cigar. "It looked like a studied
insult, designed te turn the wliole expe
dition into ridicule. I refused te accept
the animals, and eat down and wiote the
-tf.vn. n I..... .l.tl. ....... ( 1.
"fe -wj itvvvi iiitii iuusv iiuvu maue
& ' s no Parasp et it, l
zp iviuuiuwi, ii iii.u kins. i e nave lOO
geed a country, my clear sir, te allow
any ene te depreciate it with such offer
ings. Crowned heads in their inter
course with each ether emit no ceurte- j
$i, and make no presents that they
may blush te show. There is as much
due te our intelligence as te any crowned
eS head of Ilureiw, and we will net accept
& a any gift unlets made in a proper man-
.. ner.'
"Perhaps the viceroy was startled te
receive such a letter from a young lieu-
f.'.wsuiui ei me American navy, uui ne
promptly sent us an arwlegy, and sought
t.a make amends bv sending fur uuira
V-aijUnaU. Tlie viceroy also saiJ he would
fcvly punlhh hU servants for the
Munerui manner in which they had ex-
v j wawu iuh uruers. ne uiu scnu us some
r sawr' animal, which were fairly geed
' i larm' fhmitrll lint cul-1i n u-r, client. 1 Iia
jpurcluutL
; Qt coline he learned a great deal
&
,."" '-!" ! 'Wl
rec. ,.yrf."T .f
TME LAtfCASTJEIt EAlLY INTLLlGEOtt,
nueut camels and dromedaries," added
the ndmtrkl, "and I must say that my
TCspect for the animal was Rreatly In
rieacil hy familiarity. In all my ox ex
jietlenca I invatlahly found them the
:ime enduring, uncomplaining, gentle
creatures. They labor en from day te
dav, under brutal drivers, and kneel
down nt niht, after a hard day's work,
tlw pictures of meekness, te chew tlitlt
small allewance of feed, always ready te
start nt n moment's notice, and rarely
exhibiting signs of fatigue. There are
two kinds of camels the Dactrian, or
two humped, found in Tertary and the
northern portions of Central Asia, and
the Arabian, or camel with ene hump.
The dromedary Is simply h ene hump
camel used ns a swift courser, or racer.
"A burden camel can carry mere than
half a ten of lead, though of. course net
nt great speed. I have frequently seen
them landed with ljCOO or 1,000 pounds
and moving off at n fair gnit. An nvcr nvcr
nge lead, under favorable circumstances,
Is about 000 pounds, nnd this n tame!
will carry easily, without pushing, twen-ty-flvoer
thirty miles a day. Cel. Sfo Sfe Sfo
MInde told Maj. Wayne that in den.
Napier's campaign against BInde they
had an elllclent corps of 1,000 men
mounted! COO dromedaries, twet men
te each dromedary, both armed with
rifles and sabrei. In battle the animals
were made te kneel In a square, under
the chnrge of COO of the men, forming e
base of operations from which the elhci
COO operated ns Infantry.
"In case of extremity the thousand men
could find Bhclicr behind the nnlmnU,
which were prevented from rising by a
hebble en the fere left. This corps fre
quently marched seventy miles in tvelv
hours. 1 have heard seme rcmarkabla
tales of the flpeed of dromedaries. An
Arab told me he had traveled COO milci
in a week en the hack of his deloel, but
this wai simply an example- of the eri
rntal habit of ntiipliflcitlen. Ah, what
liars they are in tlie cast. It U trim,
however, that tthile u herse can outrun
a dromedary in n short race, the latifi
will take n lead of four or flre hundred
pounds and make his ilfty miles a day
for a month.
cAMr.r. en EOAnn sntf tiuntNa a steiui.
"An odd thing In camel driving ii that
they must net be pushed. They will set
their own gait, moving slowly where thu
read is unfaverable nnd mnking up lest
tlme of their own volition en the geed
stretches. The camel has ene great ad
vantage ever n horse. Ile can live off
anything, like a goat. He browses en
every shrub and plant that grows, even
the thistle nnd the prickly pear. Ha
can also travel, in emergency, three,
four, even six or saven days without
water or feed. It is his ugly looking
hump that enables hhu te de thK Ceni'
jKivd of gelatinous fat, the nuimal lives
off It by renbsorptlen. In the east the
condition of a camel after a long jour
ney is judged by the size of his hump.
"It in net uncommon te see camels
ceme in, nfter long and painful jour
neys, with back3 almost straight, their
humps having nearly disappeared. 1
was much surprised te learn that the
hump docs net seem te be Intimately
connected with the animal's vitality.
Llnant Bey told me he had often opened
the humps when they became se large
from high feeding ns te prevent the
saddle lining piepcrly, nnd taken out
large pieces of fat without Injuilngthe
animal or affecting his health. It -is
generally supposed, tee, that the came)
thrives better iu het than in cold coun
tries, but tills is net true. I see no rea
son why the camel should net de well
and be very useful In the climule el
Texas and en all of our southwestern
plains.
"There 13 much te commend the cam
el. He is always geutte and submissive.
Ills only fault la stubbornness, but he Is
net as bad as the mule. He kneels te
get his lead, and will carry all he can
rlse with. He eats little mere than the
horse. He is se patient that he will
march until completely exhausted, then
falling, never te rUe again.
"As a result of our two veyagw," con
cluded the admiral, "we lauded iu Texas
sovcnty-live camels. We had semu very
rough weather at sea, and several ani
mals died, but we actually landed wiih
ene mero than we had started with. In
storms the anlmali kneeled en deck and
. were lashed te a spar. Our experiment
iu Texas did net turn out succesbfully.
One after another of the animals died
for lack of intelligent care and feeding,
I believe, nnd after the war began in
1801 nothing moie was heard of the
project. Dut for several years u numbet
of the nuimals did very well, nud their
u.U'fulnes3 was put te many tests."
Waltek Wei.lmax.
FRANCE'3 POLITICAL MUODLfc.
Benis Features uf tlie Munitien In Ui
Ciiillla Ituiiublic
The French have succeeded In aston
ishing Eurepe once mere this tlme by
electing 301 Republicans te the national
assembly and only 212 of the opies!tioii, ,
And, which is also of great importance, '
the opposition is really a melange of odds
and ends, with no common objects.
There aie old dyed-in-the-wool Bem bona I
or Monarchists, who want the old royal
line lestercd and everything umloue
that can be; thcie nre Orleanlsts, who
want n liberal monarchy und the
"younger branch" of the royal line, thu
"citizen King;" thrruuie Opportunists,
hard te debcribennd a few of the wild
eyed Rochefort wit of fellows. The
j'kmlangists nre net, strictly speaking, a
rjn.".they comprise all of these odds
and ends Le''"3i whosytnpsihize with
Boulanger. w. , ,,., , ,
There is, iiuWl: very little in common
between men who w'6duKl '" America be
called Anarchists and mi who want nn
empire or n monarchy; butV Ihcre are
three cries in which they can" jtl'lns se
moderate Sadi-Carnet, no Censerv.v?A,v(j
Freycinet nnd no let up en the Germans!
Iu bhert, if there Is any ene thing they
all want, It is ''Revanche!'1 It may be
translated both "revenge" and "recov
ery." In shot t, they want the people's
minds kept iu a hostile statu and the
atmy efficient, and leady the moment
Germany gets into trouble with any
ether country, te jump iu, w hale her un
mercifully uud roceer Aloace-heiraino
and take as much mere U3 x)smIjIi And
DtSTPint ,!
if Reulnnger had h
arrant humbug, the-, mi,.
iini! nut an
.t huve rallied
Kl T.
rr y s" " ' v i . . mm. Iy.
rj' y t
r ' I
l5W,Mti j
!-
11'. j tu .Tix j- t-k. n . . 't -r 5-. it r -i
" rr'' t,:'.l.j .(" .v --
the rrencn te his support As It Is,
the annexed maps have a deep Interest.
The first shows the rrnult of the last
preceding election In 188.1J the scVend of
the late election Republican depart
ments in while, opposition shaded. There
is a curious optical Illusion in the two.
At urst view it loeKB as ir there was a '
great deal mere whlte In the map of
:S83, but that is only ticcause It is con
centrated. The nppotitien had a "solid
west') almost. The old royalist province
of Vendee, with Normandy, Hrlttnny
and the valley of the Dordegno nnd
lower Garenne, etoed much as most of
them did in the first Frcncli revolution a
curious instance of that twrslUcnce in i
politics se often observed iu many sec-
tiens of England and the United Bt.ite. i
The east nnd northeast was still llcpubll-
can. In 1899 the sectional division has I
vanished. All parties are mere truly
national, nnd that the fact will be vastly 4
better for France no Amercan can doubt. I
Hut, observe that the departments
nearest te Germany, which were Belidly
Republican in 1883, nre about one-third
opposition new nnd this does net leek
se favorable. Perhaps they Incllne
strongly toward Reulangerism (which
was net Inlssue in 1883) nnd really want
te maintain nn unfriendly nttitudu te
Germany. In fact, the Republicans
have gained n very little in the country
outside of Paris, nnd that city is net
shown en the map, the scale being tee
small. It was there the opposition made
(heir net gain, for In 1883 the city elected
83 Republicans, and this year but 21!, te
PISTniDUTlON, 1889.
SO of the opK)iltIen. As the suburbs no
longer vete with the city, the represen
tation Is less. The general summary Is
tlmt the Republican majority new U 15',!,
while in 1883 It was 177, and as a uhauge
of 20 in Paris made n difference) of -10,
the country is seen te be mero Republi
can. In 1833 the assembly contained C83
members; this year hut G70 se it stands
!!01 Republicans te 212 opposition, n very
satisfactory majority. Anether fact
may account for part of the change.
Ferirerly the vete was counted by
"sciutln de llste" that is, a large dis
trict elected several monitors en u gen
eral ballet. New it is "scrutin d'arron d'arren
diwenient" cacli nrrendisscment elects
Its ene member. A big minority in 1883
counted for no mero than It does in the
state of New Yerk in n prcsldcnticl elec
tion. Still another fact is te be men men
teoned: Since the government adopted
measures excluding Italian wines, the
wlne growing districts may have be be bo
cemo mero Republican. The leader may
take his cheice of these icasens, and
ptebably all had some effect.
HOUATIO GUZMAN.
NUhiii;;uiiii MlitMi'r nml I,trc:iln In Ilia
I uli-riiiil Ien it Aliirilriin Ceiiiirrm.
One of the meat ardent friends nnd
protuetci of the Nicaragua!! canal, te
be constructed exclusively by the United
states govern-
ineiit, is tlie pres
ent minister and
delegatotethe In
tel national con
gress, Dr. I lota leta lota
tie Guzman. He
waslwrn Indian Indian
uila.eu Lnl.c Nic
aragua, a city
somewhat noted
as the headiuiai
tersef Gen, Wil
liam Wnlkvi, the
II I i l II Hi or nml
"the gray i-yed '""" GUZMAN,
man of destiny." He Is a son of ex
Pii'sidcnt Guzman, nml his family has
!ceii ene of the political iiilluciiccs of
Central America, lie came te the United
States and went te school in Leicester,
Jlass., in IS07, remaining ene year there.
He then went te Philadelphia te pursue
acourseof scientific studies, principally
chemistry, remaining Unco years.
Ile then went home, and shortly after
went te France, attending philosophical
lectures in tlie college of Fiance, taking
n three years' course. He was called
home, and after a brief 6tay in Nica
ragua he enteied thu Jeffersen colleeeof
liieiliftnii nt Pliilmlnltilil', tlm. m..ln.
.........w ... . ....... .... .l(,, .ui., i uhvii-i
the presidency of tlie cclebiated l)r.
Gress, taking the degree of Jl. 1). After
graduating he commenced business by
marrying the beautiful Miss Ewing, of
ene of tlm distinguished families of Phila
delphia, liegiin the practice of his pro
fession ut Grenada, securinga very large
practice until the npKintuient as minis
ter te the United States.
Suiierlntcmlrnt r 111 Mint.
Cel. Oliver C. Ilehyshcll, the new su
perintendent of the United States mint
nt Philadelphia, was born at Vlcksburg,
Miss., in IBS'). He
did net, however,
get his title in
the Confederate
hat iu the Union
army. His pa
tents were re
siding tempora
rily at Vickslmrg
w li c n he w a s
Ixirn, nnd after
wards returned
te thofather'sna thefather'sna
live btatc, Penn
sylvania. Younr-HebvsljeJJ-
as
0
e. c. nenvsiir.t.u
"Allying law at
Pottsville, Pa., when d-ivil war breke
out. It was avl'ni0 w licn Co!lege students
.9."o"verVfie land were throwing down
books tin 1 taking up muskets. Hoby Heby
shell fell into the ranks of the Washing
ton artillerylsts of Pottsville, but was
seen afterwaids made n lieutenant iu
tlm Fetty -second Pennsylvania .olun .elun
lecrs. He was promoted Irem time te
tiinu till he became major of this regi
ment. At the close of the- war he returned te
Pottsville. lie took tin active part in or
ganizing the Grand Army of the Repub
lic, and in IW!! iKvaini' commander of
the department f IVniibjIvnnia. In
that year he wan appointed register of
the deposits of the I'lul.idelpliia mint.
In 1872 he Uvanie r.u.i-um coiner, and
three years later corner Ile retained
this position till 1QSI, when he wnamade
chief clerk lie hn prominent Masen,
u member of the mint -ry order of tlm
Ixiyal l.e,;ien, anil li uniitiit colonel of
the Second IVutisj haiil.l N. 'J
ile ivjMivfTini
Bradley (who prnips hluiwli i it his
abilitj te read rati.) ly u.an. if I uiu
net veiy imii-h mistaken. jiu haw lur'
u heavy rtMtiOttblbiliiy icilng en uur
shoulders.
t'Mv (win, 1., i ivn rddri'!-'.'i- Vis
sur Oi'u' iMinel th hed t ,,,., . i
iwu.ty eain. Ljwch
K -3i?ssni
m7$Mffi
r- Mrwmm
'w
v&i
tt . t r .
,.,
fte ,,rf -
EVOLUTION OF THE SHOE.
F
l
1 I - -"!,
FASHIONABLE FADS, FANCIES AND
reLums IN FOOT COVERS.
i " '
I'lnt, tti IteKa UU enctitt4 te IU
Twfc Tbn Skin FtetcctMl It AIM
VTed and ItmWlld extra.
Sele Twe Fctt llHtlt Mlru MedaratlM
I
ENEDICT SA1V
IIOUTII, ene of the
most learned men of
the Sixteenth century,'
a shoemaker by trnde,
wrote a treatise en the
hecmaking of the ancients, In which he
traced the art te Adam. "Adam," he
says, "was a shoemaker nnd Eve n tal tal
lereis." Without going back te Eden,
let It suffice te knew that the sons of St.
Crispin can "smile nt the claims of long
descent." Ne doubt there was a tlme
when all our forefathers went bare
footed. In thoe geed old days a man
could step en his neighbor's tees without
bringing n spasm of ngeny, for corns
and bunions were unknown.
It has been discovered, by paintings
en the walls of Thebes, that shecmaklng
formed a distinct and no doubt lucrative
trade away back in the reign of Thoth Theth
mes HI, seme 1.C00 years befere ChrisL
At first every man was his own shoo sheo shoe
makcr.tho first being Minter. In the early
attempts nt shectunklng the aim sought
was net n ceveiing for the feet, but
rather protection te the soles from
stones, sticks, etc. These sandals (1) were
mostly made of leather, though some
times weed nnd even Iren were cm cm
pleyed. The nnclcnt3 were net long In learning
that the sandals could better be held in
place hy stitching a low rim or wall of
leather along the sides and about the
heels of sandals; te these the straps or
thongs wcreattachfld. Soen these btrips
were made higher; finally they met, and
then was shaped thu first shoe, crude
though it was. The next step was te
have the leather reach from sole te sole
and of ene piece covering the tees, while
the nnkles were protected ns well. At
this stage of pregrejs the only thengj
needed were short ones te tle the shoe nt
the ankle; thus cauie the shecstilng Inte
fashion (2).
It was seen discovered that the legs
could bujiretectcd ns well, and the quar
ter wr 3 carried te a height half way up
te the knee. Previous te this the only
protection afforded had been the fashion
of wrapping the legs with skins or
cloths. Ily the tlme that the shoe had
leached thisdegrce of perfection came
the desire for ornamentation. At first a
few scallops about the tops (3) sufficed,
then the scallops were made from bright
colored leathers, and finally the iibc of
embroidery became the fashion.
Te Persia is due the credit of first In
troducing sandals with heels. The men
wero sandals which rested en hloclcsef
weed (). Trem these was the idea
taken which led te the addition of the
heel. The Persians protected their feet
by raising them from harm's way, while
ether nations had moie effectually ac
complished it by inventing the shoe.
After the fad of ornamentation had
taken held of the people, seme bright
dude of the period ene day astonished
Ida companions by appearing with a
pair of shoes under which he hud placed
a pair of Persian heels.
Iu Persia these blocks of weed were
use(. by the men te raise the feet from
the burning sands of that country, and
were about two Inches high. Hut with
the women it was quite different. Often
times the blocks nssumeil n close pro pre
imity te being stilts. Eighteen inches
was the usual height, though suppeitcrs
two feet high were net unusual (3). In
nfter years this sanie fashion was intro
duced into Venice, though from differ
ent motives. Ry its means jealous hus
bands thought they would be able te
keep their wives at home. The supports
of such shoes in Venice were called
"chaplneys," nnd te appease tlie vanity
of tlie ladies were made highly ornate.
The height of these chapineys deter
mined the rank of the wearer, the no-
! ItleRt l.idlpa rnrn wtrmittnd ninrn iiften
i - - ---- ,-.--- - ........ ....
' compelled te wear them one-half yard
or mero high.
China had already adopted similar
measures regarding tlie elevation of wo
men. Instead of the two supports, as
used in Persia and Venice, a block of
w oed tajiering almost te a point was used
(0). This rendered walking almost Ini Ini Ini
pessible, and a lady would scarcely vent-
ie&A
V e
fejTffcy
me te cress the room without thu help
of ene or two assistants. In addition te
biich instruments of torture thu Chinrse
religiously detutcd themselves te dwarf
ing the fecij tljjjx,wime.n. ,'hst,!.,?. ,'hst,!.,?.
bareus custom existed for centuries, and
it has only been withla the past few
years that the custom has begun te die
out.
France has ever been prolific In unique
nnd ernate design for footgear. Copied
from the Reman, they were first con
tent with leather of bright color nnd
ornamented w Ith rich embroidery. Put
this did net long suffice. First, atten
tion was given te style and ornamenta
tion of the tees. These shoes grew in
favor and iu length until the oulalue
(7), as it was called, leached such length
that it was necessary te fasten it te tlie
knee with a chain of geld or silver. The
paulaine w as often bedecked with jew
els, and shoes valued at 1,000 leuls weie
net uncommon. At last the papal au
thorities condemned the peulnine as ex
travagance, and dually the government,
took the matter in hand and forbade the
shoemakers from making, and fined the
wearer, imposing heavy penalties.
Frem the poulaine, fashion ran te the
opposite cxttenie what was desired in
length was added te the breadth. Fur
thermore, as the tee grew shorter and
broader tlie heel grew higher (8). Duke
de Montmorency w-ote bhecs of black
leather, ornamented with geld embroid
ery nnd with high red heel. Asfatdiien
kept apace the duke added te the height
of his heels that he might excel his fol
lowers. Ner did the ladles allow the gallants of
the day te outdo them in se small n mat
ter at height of hccL Although heels
"8
r Jr
rVvN3
--? -nirTv.' 'VV" V -w TTITWCT
SATURDAY, OCTOWElt 26.
were slew in coming Inte fashion, high
heels are no modern invention. High
heels were then, ns new, made of weed
nud covered with leather, but In thorn
days were known as cepincs. The ladle
took great pride In the height of their
heels, and would no mere be ecn with
out cepines (0) of the style and correct
height than would the dudeef today per
mit himself te be outdone in the matter
of high cellars.
Ner are the yellow shoes that are new
se popular a new device. A long age as
the Fifteenth century the belles of the
period disported t'.ieir shapely feet clothed
in the brightest of yellow leather.
As though content with the novelty of
cepincs five inches In height, a return
was made te the long, pointed tee. Ne
less a pcrsonage than Queen Elizabeth
wns In u measure responsible ferthis (10).
In order te excel the court ladles, she kept
Increasing the height of her cepincs and
adding length te the tees of her shoes
until such n height nnd length was
reached that a sort of frarae had te be
worn under the shoe(l 1). This frame did
double duty; the fere part served as a
support te the fore part of the feet and
gave n proper curvature te the long tee
of the shoe. This frame, or sandal, was
made of firm sole leather, of which there
were several thicknesses at the fore part,
giving the support required.
The long pointed tee did net afford
ample space for ornamentation te sat
isfy the yearnings for the grotesque, se
it was given breadth until at ene time
Queen Eiiznlicth were shoes the tees of
which steed with the extreme point ene
feet from the fleer (12),nnd had broadened
out nt that point te n breadth of six
inches. These bread tees were the sub
ject of much mirth and were the butt of
many jokes from the wags of the period.
Net discouraged by se small a matter as
ridicule, the court Indies added length
and breadth, embroidery and jewels te
thu tec3 of their shec3.
In the Sixteenth century long legged
beets were worn in France and England,
and the beets of the cavaliers were made
with enormously wide tops that were
lulled or folded ever (IU).
At fust the beet was made with bread
legs, for the simple reason that shoe
making had net leached the degree of
perfection that turned out a beet with
long, clese fitting legs that could be
icidily put en or eir. Frem convenience
it was but a short step te style, and each
fop of thu period was seen trying te
outdo his neighbor in the width of liij
beet top.
Alwut the time of Leuis XV the bel
lows lop was the style. Such was the
width of the beet tops at this date that
only bow legged men could wear them
with comfort (14). The number of such
men must have been limited, for the fops
seen tired of the necessary straddling
walk nud began te turn down the bel
lows top. Tlm tops also afforded ample
opportunity for the display of rich euH
breidery and costly lace. Fiem 1530 te
nlxmt 1730, two centuries nnd mere, the
subject of footgear was very prominent,
and many extra vanccs were lavished en
unique and costly feet covering!. Car
dinal Welscy is creditcil with wearing
shoes worth 30,000, while Jehn Spencer
were at his wedding shoes valued at 1,
OOd. tlcn Jehnsen writes of a gallant who
Were tt farm In sliee-trlns, eiUeil nltli geIJ,
Anil8MMl.'il Kirtem nerlli u eepj he J.
A curious beet, made about thu begin
ning of the Seventeenth century, was
the postillien's lxx)ts. They were made
of veiy heavy material, and the font and
nnkleguaided with strips and bands of
iron (10). Thi' was denu that should the
postillien chance te fall from his herse
thu u heel l of the caniage might pass
ever his legs without doing him injuiy.
During the latter part of the Seven
teenth century shoes began toassumetho
shape and 6tyle of the present day.
Pluvieus te 1800 all shoes had Iwen
made exactly alike, se far ns the shape
of the feet was concerned, and could he
worn with equal ease en cither feet.
About this time an Englishman invented
rights and lefts, and from that time for fer
waid scientific principles began te be
applied te tlie shaping of shoes, until
nowadays shoes made with due regard
te the anatomy of the feet meet with
favor.
While, In many cases, "ye olden shoe"
?xcelled in cost nnd elaborate decoration,
the modem bhoe has gained in shapely
propeition what it has Ien iu elegant
Jv'sign
ANOTHER LINCOLN STORY.
Ilnw Ile ni.il AiHitlirr l-iujrr Ailiulfteil
IVIlmv In tlie liar.
(SlKVill C01IT-)mlOMC6.1
Wauitx-a, Wis., Oct. 21. There are
many fictitious anecdotes alleat, and
many quaint doings and sayings nre at
tributed te "Old Abe," which, without
being fixed upon soiuebedv, would seen
die.
A few of them, however, are genuine.
When duly corieltorated, they should be
preserved, while the spawn that tries te
live by nttaehing itbelf by dishonest
means te nn eminent name, should be
permitted te go the way of all llesh, te
wit, te grass.
I have the honor of having discovered
a thoietighly geuuiuu one, and te prove
its integrity, I propose te give It as 1
heard it with all the names and facts.
I dropped bouietime age into thu oilice
pO'udge IfiiKidwell and Cel. (also judge)
Gress, iu Spriugtield, Ills., and heard
thohtery as it was being told iu an ex
ceedingly witty vein by the veteran hu hu
merNt, Neah Divelbiss.
Thu name U net by any means the
least attractive part of Air. Divelbiss,
w he has been in nnd about the Illinois
btate beusu for mero than forty years.
His memory of certain things which Toek
place in the early day is intensely keen,
and his tt. te of delineating events Is in
imitable. A thin face, u elesu clipped,
gray mustache, u bright, dancing eye,
and n ucrwms energy, make his utter
ances extremely attractive, and I will
endeavor te give, in his own language, j
thu scene and the method by which Lin
coln com erted a layman into a lawyer
ene day iu lb 1 1.
The btery teller sat ustride the coiner
of a tablu with one hand en top thu
ether, ami thu ether en top a cane, and
addiessed the little group of law digs
who sat before him:
I say, judge, speaking of McDougall,
jeu mean Jim, don't you, James A., thu
ene from Morgan count? Yes, 1
thought be. He afterwards went west,
and turned up in California. I must tell j
you hew lie ami Abe Lincoln aduuttcil a
fellow te the bar ener. It was Bill
Hacker. When he afterward became
prominent in the political world, he was
the Hen. William A. Hacker, Esq., but
when he was pitching into his law.
studies he was simply Bill. I was deputy
clerk of the supreme com t at the lime,
aud every candidate foraduiissien te the
bar we,s obliged te ma te UU application
pvsjaL'VSmS?
"ttri
1889.
(
te mat court, 'the eminent court ap
pointed a pair of examiner as a com cem com
mittce te eiamliie'tlie applicant, and te
them the candidate went. In Hacker's
case McDougall and Lincoln were op
(minted, and at the lime of the examina
tion both happened te be in the clerk's
office, where Bill found them, and the
examination was held right there.
Bill had read mighty little law, but he
was bright, and had a knack of getting
te the end somehow. A little Chitty,
and u little Graham, and a little Black
stone, read in our office, where he had
made his headquarters, watt all lie had
tackled; but he had the effrontery te go
in. Se he went in, and he .wen.
Thocxnminatien was as follews: Ileck
cr handed the examiners' commission te
Lincoln. Lincoln looked it ever and
said: "Well, Bill, sit down here;" then,
turning nreund. said, "McUbugall, you
question him."
Mc. took him in hand with the ques
tion. "What is law, MlIT
Bill promptly answered, "Rule of ac
tion." Lincoln winked with his weather eye
and began te grin. -
The next question was: "Hew many
kinds of law are there?" and in the an
swer Bill ran the gamut something
as follews: "Statutory, common, eccle
siastical, municipal, supreme and crimi
nal." Lincoln began te swing his legs and
leek wise.
"Who made the constitution of the
United States'?"
The answer came out like the pep of a
firecracker, "Cengrebs."
Mc. looked nt him doubtfully and
said: "Did congress make it, Bill?" And
BUI corrected himself just ns promptly
by saying: "Ne, a committee of delega
tion." "What is a lawyer's first duty, Bill?"
"Te take care vrf the fees."
"Correct, Bill," said McDougall, "and
new, Bill, let me give you seme geed ad
vice, for we must net let you go without
seme geed advice, Bill. A lawyer ewes
three great debts, the first te Ids Ged,
second te his country, and the third te
himself. But you'll find, Bill, in the
practice of law, that Ged and your coun
try will be forgotten, and you'll find
yourself coming in first all the time.
Take him, Lincoln."
Then Abe said: "Bill, hand ever your
certificate and we'll sign It."
Bill had already prepared it. The pa
per only wanted the signatures, and he
wan ready te go befere the court uud be
sworn In, And he we 3.
CU.UU.E3 ROLUN BnAINAED.
GiN GltEtN O. HAUM.
Sketch of Hip Ni' Uiiltril State CeminU-Hlimi-r
nf IViiilmiN.
Gen Green It Itaiim, who has been
apM)intrd te succeed Corporal Tanner
as pension cemi-.iHMiiner, was born In
Golceuda. Ills, in 1'J! After receiving
n common school education be studied
law, aud in IH3:i was admitted te the
bar In Ri3( he removed te Kansas
City lli wan a Free Heller, but at the
same time a IkMiierral. This did net
prevent him from being driven out by
the pre-slavery clement, nnd he took
refuge at llarrisburg, in southern Illi
nois, commonly culled "Egypt," where
he practiced law.
When the war breke out Raum was
attending court nt MctroelK Ills. He
made a Union speech ns a war Democrat,
which was fel
fi
lowed by ether
similar addresses
ably sustaining
the Union cause.
But he he en
ceased his efforts
in oratory for a
mere htihstanti.il
ndveency with
V-.
the sword He
1
'
ing co nun is-
slened ma ler in
the Fifty-hiMl. II
lineis eh,tee..s. atttas tt ,,AUM
he weiil te ihc front with that regiment,
and began a distinguished military ca
reer, lie was with Resecraus in the
Mississippi campaign against Sterling
Price, iu 1802. and m the haltle of Cor
inth led a c ha i go ugainst the enemy'
left which luel.c it and decided the bat
teo. At Vielishurg hu took no uuimp'jr
taut pail, and after the fall or Hut
place went with the troops for
warded for the relief of Chatta
nooga, uud came iu for a severe wound
at the battle of Missionary Ridge.
During the Atlanta campaign beheld
the line of communication from Dalten
te Acwerlh and from Kingsten te Reme,
Ga. When Heed tin lied back westward
heuttacl.-fd Itesaca. Ga.,aud Raum, hav
ing re-enfeiccd the place, held it against
the enemy Fer bis nervices during the
campaign he leceived gteat praise fietu
his superiors. Gen. Raum came out of
thu Keivice a brevet major general of
elunleers.
In 1 fciOU he obtained a chatter for the
Caire nnd Viiieemies Railroad company
and became its first president. He wus
then elected te congress, solving one
term, from March 4, 1H07, te March 4,
18C0. In 187d he was president of the
Illinois Republican convention and a
delegate te the National Republican con
vention nt Cincinnati. Iu August of the
sanie year President (Smut npxiiiled
him commissioner of internal revenue.
This otllce he retained till 1833, having
brought it from a disorganized condition
te n lilgh state of efficiency. During his
administration he collected $830,000,000
and disbursed 0,000,000 without uny
less.
Gen. Raum is the author of "The Ex
citing Conflict Between Republican Gov
ernment and Southern Olig.uchy." He
is a lawyer in Washington, and a promi
nent Grand Army man.
ran-Aiiirilcau CencrfM.
Here 13 a picture from a lihotegraph
or tiiejupcuutinnrnt tlie 1 iu"!ueri
can cengiess that has been making a
nm'f
MEETISO rtOOM OF TI1E CONOnESS.
tour of the United States, and from which
se much is hoped by the present admin
istration. Thi3 room is in the Wallach
mansion, a building about which clings
much of historic interest.
Thinks tba Murderer a Weman.
I am somewhat surprised at the fact
that the Londen police insist that the
Whitechapel murderer is a man. My
impression is that the criminal is a
woman, and that the identity of the
murderer has never been established is
because the authorities have been oper
ating en the wrong theory. All the cir
cumstances point te a woman as the per
petrator ihe location, the abtence of
men preceding nud subsequent le the
murders, and numerous ether facts.
Had the murderer been a man he would
have been discovered long ega Inter
view in Globtt-DeeioRmt.
jLsw Ik
A . tl 1 H'-'i fsO.
I ip ml ' I
mmmmmL
ir
i . i f -m u fa nr - ' i f -n ii ' .
lr' . ?T
v -
NEWSPAPERS OF FRANCE.
e
WHAT THE COITOH OF "THE JOUR
NALIST" THINKS OF THEM.
t Belle rrM U a Mlnhty Quart Plac
for th ProrMleaaI JearaatUt, bat lf Ma
riaca at All for th Bareiirarktec Mws
apar Man, Think Allan Fenaaa.
tSpwUl Correspondence.)
New Yerk, Oct. 21. France is a great
country for journalists, but it is a mighty
peer field for a newspaper man. In Pari!
they produce the handsemect, best ed
ited, best illustrated periodicals in the
world, and they have the meanest news
papers. The English newspaper are
slew enough te set an American cdltet
crazy. Dut ncwspaiwra, ns we under
stand them, can be hardly ald te exist
in France, for news occupies but a very
secondary place in their composition.
Take, for example, Le Petit Journal,
the dally paper with the largest circula
tion in the world, genulne and undoubt
ed. It sells for five sous one cent ana
it is the worst looking little rag I evci
laid eyes eni printed en miserable paper,
with heavy faced type and peer ink, il
presents a cheap, smeary appearance.
which would fill the soul of the most
slovenly backwoods editor with disgust
It contains condensed reports of the pro
ceedings of the chamber of deputies, po
litical articles, short police notes and a
story. The story is the main feature, the
special articles next and the news is last
te be considered.
Dynasties may be overthrown, cltlei
may be destroyed, kings and emperors
may die, The Petit Journal will preb
ably print the information seme time,
but if the entire Western hemisphere
should be destroyed by an earthquake
and It was n question between publish
ing the news of the catastrophe and
story, the news would lay ever every
time. I am net caviling nt the manage
ment of the French newspapers for this
system. They nre paid te give tht
French public what it wants, und the
success of The Petit Journal proves that
the French public wants the story. Just
ns the English newspapers remind oneol
yesterday's edition of a quarterly review,
se de the French papers bear a clese re re
scmblance te a cheap story paper.
In nrt publications Paris is far ahead
of Englaud nnd America. They have
nothing which, in point of mechanical
execution, can equal the Revue lllustrce,
the special editions of Figare, or half a
dozen ether periodicals I could mention.
The press work en these publications it
simply exquisite, and the letter press i
generally above the nverage in literarj
merit. They have carried process en
graving te a point which we have net
yet attained, and while the illustrations
frequently affect a broader Btyle they
are better en the whele than ours.
In addition te these really fine art pub
lications, the news stands of Paris art
crowded with dozens of illustrated comic
papers, most of them witty, with a style
of humor which will net bear transla
tion nor republication in this country.
They have no Comstock in Paris. The
dillercnce in the style of the Parisiau
journals te these of America naturally
necessitates adiifurence in management.
I have returned te America ineru firmly
convinced than ever that the reporter is
the backbene of the American nowspa newspa
per. Editors and special writers are all
very well in their way, but it is the
American reporter who has educated the
American public up te a knowledge el
news, and who has made the American
newspaper the most accurate, wide
awake and enterprising in the world.
In England the reporter is simply t
stenographer; it is his duty te write what
hu hears, net what he sees. The idea el
making -a picturesque, readable news
story never enters hii head; his work
reads like a Congressional Recerd. In
France the case is the same, only, if pos
sible, mnre se. Tlie Frcncli reporter is
about the most unfortunate specimen el
humanity 1 ever ran across. It does net
require a very high order of intelligence
te de reporting for a French newspaper
nnd, ns a consequence, the wages pain
are net very large. The interview h
practically unknown; naturally, with
these limitations, the French reporter de
veleps into a sort of human machine, s
two legged phonograph, smelling of nb
sinthe and rank cigarettes. He is held
in utter contempt by the leader writers,
whofeim the aristocracy of French jour
nalism. He is snubbed by officials and
editors, and his small pay Is frequently
further reduced 'by an Ingenious nnd In
Iquiteus system of fines, which prevails,
as far as I can ascertain.
Tlm leader writer, en the ether hand
is quite tee utterly gorgeous, no is i
well paid, well dressed, well kept person,
whose duty it is te wiite essays in a
lighter vein upon subjects mero or In
directly connected with topics of the day
net of the day en which the paper ii
printed, but of the day before yesterday.
He ranks only a peg below the dramatic
and art critics, and he signn his articles.
It Is the leader writers who light thest
harmless duels, who pen the fiery arti
cles urging the people te revolution and
generally keep up the reputation of tht
Ficnch press. Fer seme occult reason
they sign their, Christian names in small
capitals and theirsurnames in large ones,
te that it presents a decidedly unique ap
pcarance te a.i American. If it is bred
of a desire te acliiuve that fame which
leads the world te ignere the cxistencj
of a first name, as we speak of Tenny
son, Virgil, Thackeray, Dickens and
ether familiar names iu letters, it doss
net work, for(we hear the French writei
almost universally referred te by his full
name. "FlteiiAan DE RRIE" may leek
very stunning for a signature, but it
dec3 net scud the name hustling down
lAuicorriders of time te any marked iv
tent. Iho leaner writu' stands b'VvJeen
eurspccial writer and our editorial writei
end combines, te a certain extent, tin
duties of both, and his prominence mark
the dllTeren ;e between French and Amer
ican newspapers. The French paper it
mere journalistic and less newsy, tele
graphic matter even from ether parts el
France is cut down te a minimum, aud
cable news from England c r America is
conspicuous by its absence.
The New Yerk Herald's Parisian edi
tion has dene well this season owing te
tlie large inllux of American visitors te
the exposition, but it is very doubtful if
it will find any paying support after the
great show en the Champs de Mars
is closed. Galignani's Messenger deals
largely in American aud English mat
ters and The American Register is a sort
of Heme Journal, a mild record of social
happenings. The fact of the matter is
that the French people, as a nation, de
net care for news as we understand t'.is
word; they nppreciate literary and ar
tistic merit, nnd as n consequence, their
periodicals are wealthy and handsome,
nud the leading articles in their dailies
tire well written, but se long as Jean
Ciapaud, who may represent the French
reading public, whose sous support the
press, se long as this blue bloused indi
vidual prefers te read of the Imaginary
woes of the here and hereine of the
feuillcten or the fiery rhetoric of the lead
er writer rather than of the tragedies ei
comedies of real life which are enacted
about him, se long will the French press,
consist cf journals, net newspapers.
AIXAS Feiuias.
LlJ".
VJ'.V, J .
,,
&S.Hsfe&S(
33
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