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Mas, by tnnrlwn Press AssoctsUesu)
XL
l the Ratal et Terrer terminated.
kve mm, with the decapitation of
tsssMeVMUcaef Its truculent
cetrUaued nearly fit-
mm wttt igw.tun bloody but vastly
MMli.lV7 fur. If any, bad dreamed
qfcssislsfsssniirsll of the dictator would pro pre
WmwrtmirMe, te blessed a change In hem-
frssx, 0m no seems 10 uave eeen
MM, despite denial of his Inherent
; of kb Inclination te homicide, who,
tssuareient circumstance or uncon uncen uncon
cenfederates, fed te satiety the
sntilleUne, Twentr or mere of
'
MuYered with Mm, among tbem Mayer
F;
Aacatta Rebespierre, yeunrer
f the terrorist. Ilanrlet. Simen. St
Jaat, Oovthen. These named seem te have
.
1 streafij attached te him, net withstand-
tag that he It reputed te bare been without
.Jj, FAMOU8 nEVOLUTIONISTS.
,-'v j.. A Baera devoted friend than Lcbas (Philippe.
' france!) could net be. lie had indlsselubly
Naeked himself te the fortunes of Robes-
K-Jarre, In whem-hU faith wu uuwarering.
WlM without eloquence and One talent, he
feiberbed te work, In carrying out the
;uMatfe hia chief. This, in truth, was his
" ..""'wmeJe ambition. Net being conspicuous In
.f'-J aha ravolntleniirv niwelnrr hn mlffhtnvutl.
Xr .ly Kara escaped the ruin of July. But when
,:5 "'; . aara his fata. Cemdened te the nrlsen of I a
fW Faree, he waa rescued by Hanriet, command cemmand
f tag the troops of tbs Commune, and taken te
, the Hetel de Villa When the soldiers et the
'' :Xh ssMsreetien besieged the building and wcroen
-?'!', ' capturing It, Lebas, feeing the
.-(?' than the dictator, whose bullet had only f rae-
'j2& j tared his Jaw.
$ Banriet and young Robesplerro trlctl te
y eemmlt suicide by hurling themselves out of
JT t " window. The
JtTMi) i"nJging
w'-weunoe mem
'fL sorely ; nevcrthe--av.ltas,
they were
i 'slragited te the scaf-
H.i-' teJd. Bhudderln?
CM
;,; .'LVilght, hurrying te
iwsan ma oiecu eiecu
itagaad the dying,
' aatfamtradpursued
--'tlsim te the rery
,m grave; and yat
-. ,- eeenmen enough In
torie caldron of human passion. Bt Just en
-tfcat occasion besought bouie one te kill biui;
Couthen tried te cheat Ihe ax, but te be pur
pose. The fellow Uiumvirs must have en
Tied Lebas. Dr. Gullletin described the ins
chine be was se anxious te Introduce ns abso abse
lataly painless, extuigulshing llfe and con-
scteasness In en Instant, ThesFrcnch, uevor uever
tsulesi, appear te have dreaded It, W'lien its
Madasboeeln their eyes, they chew, If they
had half a chance, te elude it by self Indicted
T?J AklAka U.H.. ... .... - 1 - l.t..-
:j& smtiafactien In wrltlnir finis te our own lives
'j& J" rather than leavlnir the 1el in dm ntr.ru.
I pVmtr. But what matters who writes HI The
' V yreech revolutionists cherished a most puts-
t- Mat Dasslea for dvinir.
kHW Bt Just was one of thn rniinntt nf thn
t Waiting revolutionists-only W at the closo cleso close
.feV '"' ' tb me,t remarkable. A fanatia
fV for freedom, cruelly conscientious and con cen con
K'riOhatleBsly cruel, the uprising of tbel'arisl-
fuu-aas red his heart, and niled his mind with
t MataUe visions of liberty. A lever of let
l&s Isrs, aa Intense edmirer of the early Greek
iXgit faesiNics, bera In the provinee of Nlvcrtiais,
'1 ha rose te eminence in bis natlve commune,
:?$ was elected lieutenant colonel of the National
frffij Oaard and sent te Paris, the year following
f the outbreak, te take part In the fete of the
&FZ Federation. Hewaichosendeputytothocon Hewaichesendeputytothocon Hewaichosendeputytethocon
i .Teatien by the electors of Alsna Voting for
the death of the king, be delivered a strong,
iatensely democratie speech, furnishing his
reasons therefer, and tlw speech gave him
celebrity. He shared In most of the burning
debates of that day, and also manifested ex
traordinary admlnlstrative tulcuts.
During the civil war he was pitiless iu liU
aCerts te suppress the royalists as well as tha
Bnserratlve and timid republicans. He
found In Rebespierre a cengeulal fpirlt tliey
were allke in their cevere logic, in their mis
tare morality and they almost never differed
la their views or policy. The jeunger man
was mere decided, mere audacious, mere un
relenting. Ue nas ever ready te sustain hi
conclusions by dcfermlued and immediate
action. Tbs notion that he was under the
ataalnatien of his senior is Incorrect. Full
ef Individuality and energy, he Is said te have
taken the inltlative In many of the events et
be Terrer, and he never shrank from conso censo conse
auances. He made no assumption et fueling
r tanderness for these be considered the one
Bale of bis country. Tbey deserved te be
treated with the greatest rigor; he could
et, or would net, see any side but his own.
Entirely honest, sincere, disinterested, be
was Inexerable In executing hi doclsieus.
Theee rery qualities made him a tremendous
force,
1 Chesen president of thocenvcntlon,hodiow
p the report which led te the guillotining of
Hebert, Danton and their associates, and
became odious te all their followers,
of whom accounted him an ezaccer-
atad and stronger Rebespierre. He had, from
sfte eutsat, insisted en the Reign of Terrer for
the safety et France, maintaining that they
Who are moderate in making revolutions
aserely dig their own graves. He might have
added that they who go te extremes dig their
awn graves also, as was illustrated lu his case.
He delivered a powerful speech en the day of
the trial; but he and his associates were borne
down by the publle wrath. After his con
demnation, be kept silence, dying with per
fect composure, convinced, te the very lest,
of the justice of the cause and the rectitude of
bib Dtnavier. 'iue stuir or martyrs was
piously In him. St Just had, llie HlWt,
jBMklnelv handsome face, a tall, rreccful.
Itapeslaz figure. His manners were severe.
Bis dmnllHty Bpartan.
TB city having been captured attcr con.
saaaraeieresuiacce, agreat many of the In
kaUtants were put te death. Albeit repre- I
BSBtad a baring instigated divers atrocities,
1st tl BOW odd te have dena his utmost te nre-
Tantthem, and thus te have incurred the
ectbtat of his party. His subsequent appear
aaea la the convention was marked by arl arl arl
oea intemperate speeches and prepositions.
Ha advocated, for instance, the impeach
aaast cf all the sovereigns of the world, and
declared Great Britain an arch traitor te hu
manity. Devoted te the principles and meas
ures of the terror
ists, he was ready
and eager te share
their fate. He pro
se n ted the mon
strous law of the
"' ITalnal, deny deny
te these sum
moned before the
revolutionary tri
bunal the right of
1 counsel or of pro pre
' ducing witnesses In
. their defente.w hlch
hie justified by the
n crisis in the nation's
iaffairs. Theentire
hUtery of Franre
jeacra u box. ,n that awful time
. , ... ""T be regarded as
aa unbroken series of crises.
0a the Vth Thermlder be received with a
ateaalatul smUe the charge et Freren that he
BiaBBleg te mount the throne ever the
SOI tea people srepruentatlves. "Hew
I." be inaulred ironically. exhllltin
Ms paralyxed less, "mount the throne.
lBsiisaaasR
BBssaam C
BsssaVm ii
fnr
u mm
4 'fiiii w
, araaytbing.
W BTthacema:
jT-V al stttlausa
else When rescued from irlsen
commune, knowing that he could by
U uas en account of bll lnflnnltlc. h
-j. . . , . . r . . i.....,-,
'wsss suasB, lesieaa et 10 Ibe JlOtel Ue Ville.
''. 'Bttt faltbful tobiscenTictloncsrul rl,.,1.l,lr,
- -Mf ,!,.!
,"" as)tjgwWUwlf freaUJs child tadwUcUiJ
at eight, ana wa drlvea te tfc cesamaiie.
This was deliberately gelag te meet death,
for he and the ether accused bad bean ont ent
tfwed. At the time of the attack en tttc
Hetel ha was carried off by a friend, aad In
the riot and confusion was lest sight of.
Having been discovered by soma excited,
infuriated men, 111 and bleeding 00 one of the
quays of the 8elne, tbey war about te threw
htm Inte the river. Ha mildly said te them t
"Wait a little, my geed friends, I am net yet
qnlte dead." But a few hours later he was
beheaded with the rest, In his 88th year.
Owing te the contortion of his limbs he could
net be stretched ai usual en the ruik be
neath the ax, and the executioner put him te
much needle pa1" D7 trying te adjust his
deformed body se as te receive the fatal blew.
Couthen was as eager te encounter death as
te Inflict It en these he believed te be ene
mies of thercpublieand the era of emanci
pation. Ills passion for humanity, for the
liberation of the eeple, drove him, as It
drove se many revolutionary leaders, te
mortal hatred et all political opponents, ac
companied by a vehement desire te destroy
them. Se strange a blending ft humanity
and Inhumanity, in the Interest of liberalism,
is unprecedented In the annals of mankind.
AFTER ROBESPIERRE.
With the Terrer ended the despotism of the
commonalty, Including the dregs of the Tori Teri
sian populace, who had from the assault en
the Bastlle been clamorous for bleed, and In
whose mime all the frightful excewes had
been committed. Consennnt with their an
nulment the Influouce of the better, the mero
Intelligent classes, se long supprcreed, began
te revive along with law and order. Insur
rections, mere or less formidable, owing te
scarcity of previsions and lack of employ
ment, net less than te the agitation and
schemes et the defeated leaders, breke out at
Intervals, threatening a return of the former
horrors. They were overpowered, however,
after sharp conflict; but in the uprising et
May DO, 17W5, the convention was temporarily
driven from its hall. The mob had tiecn de
prived of its jKjwer, though net of Its fury,
by the events of the Oth Tucrmlder; its sav
age triumphs could net In rccatcd. The
conservative deputies who had fled or leen
banished gradually returned te I'aris.
In n few months, the convention, aided by
the wholesale, reaction, adopted a new consti censti consti
tuteonbearing date of the year lit provid
ing for two legislative bodies, the council et
(lvohundredandthocouncit of undents, num
bering two hundred and llfty. The Jacobin
club, the focus of radicalism from Its founda
tion, was closed Nev, 13, which Indicated thi
strength and permanence of the social and
political change. The attempts te rcorganlze
It proved abortive, nltvred time and circum
stances rendering reorganization Impossible.
Oelng back a bit, many happenings nced
te be recorded. Tulllen, head of the Thcrnil Thcrnil
derlcu. ns they were named, whehad brought
about the downfall of the triumvirate, Iw
came, for anhlle, one of the most potent anil
conspicuous men In the country. Possessed
of ability and boldness he seems te liave tarn
unprincipled. He turned as much against
DcsTneriNa the rkvolbtie.v.
the uttraists as he had beeu In their favor,
totally contradicting his antecedents, en ac
count et his personal Interests. Rebespierre's
distrust of him had been well based. He was
net, like se many et his asnxtatcs, an enthu
siast aud idealist. He caused the arraign
ment of Carrier, et whose cruelties at Nantes
no liave spoken in n previeus nrticle, of Ias
Ben and Fouimlcr-Tinville, and thnynrre
guillotined.
Ie Ben, a until 0 of Arms, nns originally
n priest and professor of 1 hctorle nt IJeaunc.
A democrat by conviction, ha welcomed the
Revolution, seen beceme a constitutional iu iu
rnte, nud was 0110 of the first of his order te
marry. This act nas irgaided as a proof
et latrletlsin, andet attachment te the prin
ciples of the new cin, lle was chosen te
Iho legblntiwt nvembly ; innde a member of
the committee of public safety, and was sent
en various important luUsieus Inte seditious
districts and tlioe luvaded by foreign tens.
no bore himself with marked credit and dis
played unusual courage "
Ills memory has beeu bitterly assailed, es
pecially by the church; but many of the sto
ries told te his dlspetngemvnt have been dls dls
prued. AiiuumI Uullrey, a fellow tonus
man und, like him, a. mountaineer (nion (nien
tagnard), and a member of the Jacobins, nas
his unrelenting feo, hunting him te death.
Guff rey, n he appeal s te hat 0 been as tl each each
ereusas he uas uurci upulnus and crutl, had
no visible motive for his iersocutien tayend
his general malignity, Le Hen, who was ex
ecuted at 30, had tha reputation of an exem
plary husband, a tinder father, a steadfast
friend.
Fouquivr-Tinvtlle has liecu ertrayed In a
worse light than even Marat or Roliesplerro,
and tliere is reason te tWuk that much of his
reported Infamy Is met Ited. But, as usually
happens, he has been blamed for things of
which he was net cullty. and it is alnavs
comforting te knew that huumulty Is never 1
totally depraved. Having acted throughout 1
the Terrer as public accuser of the rovelu- j
tienary tribunal, he is accused of the most
cold blooded upathy, declared incapable of
friendship, sympathy or the slightest np- 1
preacb te human feeling. Ills contempora
ries asserted that he had no ceul, net v en
the soul of a tiger, which seems te be grati- 1
lied with "lint it devours. He is charged
with sending te the scaffold, with equal lu
dilTeicncc, his political lutimates and his pe- 1
lltlcal enemies, liallly aud Vergniaud, Chnu
met te aud Uanten, H(!bert nud Ucsmeulins, '
Philip;, duke of Orleans (surnamed KgalltC) I
and Charlette Ceiday, Uobesplerre and Mai le
Antoinette.
This olllce would naturally make him exe
crable; but, apart from that, he seems te
hate In-eii strancelv devoid of tcmdhiUtv
evertuclest, he Is kuen te have done fre
quent ucts of ktixlness, net te hu 0 U-en par
ticularly dissolute, net te hn e taken bribes,
net te ha 0 been in nny cense a ioltreou. At
the end he was poorer than when be first took
part In the peptdar rebellion, and he was un
I deniablya rampant democrat from xt he be-
ginning. He said at his trial that 'he had
Imply been the ex of the Revolution, and
that be could net see why the nx should be
punished.
Iteren, who, bating belonged te the Moun
tain and the Cordeliers, had (ocenio n rmc-
, TAUIJ THHEATV.113G 6U1CIDC.
twtim, jnirsued merciletaly the members of
thecoremltteoof publlcsafety. He procured
the condemnation of the public accuser, clos
ing his speech with the wents, "I demand
that Feuquler-Tinvllle lie sent te bell te bell
in the bleed that he bes spilled P which has
quite an orthodox sound for that wildly antl antl antl
theoleglo epoch. Thn public accuser met
death without the slightest emotion (he could
talft as well as give) at the hoary age, for a
Revolutionist, of 49, receiving the jeers of the
brutal crowd with words of deflanee and
contempt
BLOWN TO FRAGMENTS.
The Dreadful Werk That Was Dene
by Kapolcen's Gun,
CT)SE OP THE KEVOLUTION-1705.
falllen's tlUe and Fall The Virtues nf
Madame Talllen Her Oreat Influence
In Dispelling- the Terrer Gen. Dona Dena
part In the Rue fit. Hener.
By JUHIUB HEHBI BBOWHH
tOepyrtfiht, 1BOT, by American VrtM Association.
xu.
Mrue. Talllen, who, we repeat, had dene se
much toward the overthrew of Rouespterro
by Instigating her husband ngalnst biui, ex
ercised as much social Influence In Paris as
he oxerciscd political Influence, and retained
It longer. 8I10 appears net te lutve loved
htm, or If she ever did, te have quickly re
covered. His attraction te hT, tee, must
have been mainly through the (vnsen she
was singularly voluptuous nud bewitching in
person for he, became allcnntcd from her,
distrusted hr, and In a few 3 ears sought and
obtained a divorce. It Is tint iinprobalile that
she listened te his suit because he had author
ity nnd ewrr; could socure her freedom,
save her life, Indeed, nnd could glve her
prominent position at the French capital.
After going thcre as the mistress of the
proconsul, which was Talllon'sefllcohowas
again thrown Inte prison as a suspect, and
would have been executed along with her
lever, had she uet
Incited him te con
rplre against the
triumvirate. One
of her companions
In captivity was
Mine, the Viscount
ess Joscphlne lloau lleau
harnnls (afterward
empress), whose
husband had been
gullletin oil. Tin
fall of Rebepplerre
proserved the
three, ns it pro pre
nerved hundreds,
and Talllen then
married the fascin
ating Thdrcsc, marqulse de Fontenay. Do
ing us graceful and witty as she was beauti
ful, shu was considered, especially under the
Ulrectery, the queen of fashion, and her re
ceptions were among the most brilliant In
1'arK Kxceedlngly fend of admiration, she
appeared In drawing rooms in uearly di
aphanous Greek costume-., which dlplacd
hcrflgure te the licet, aud least piupcrnd
vnutngc Rvrrj liedy raved about her, which,
with ether causes, excited her husband's jeal
ousy The country had no faith In him after his
irucltic nnd perfidy in Iho pest, nnd lioue of
I1I1 efforts, liellevd te lie hjperrllicnl, en
uliled him te regain confidence. He was com
pelled le icnlgii from tlm council of the
hundicd, nnd from thatday his couise vins
dewuwanL He quilted France ferrHiiglund,
and, later, accompanied Nnjioleen te Egypt,
uemlnally us savant, After icturutng te hU
natlve hud he as, for a time, consul at All
canto, tiiu rie-elved a iltry pension from
Naiiloen lei le years, sunk lute completo
ebwuuty, butMiivivcd the empire, am. died
extremely peer ami forlorn at M. He often
said, In his last daj s, that It was unlucky for
him te have Cbcaped the guillotine, sixteen
years before. But few men of his era, having
ouce enjoyed se much power nnd influence,
have sllpiied Inte ouch iusigntflcancu.
Mme. Talllcu, who hed been divorced fieui
him when he nas tneuty-sevcu, took, threo
years later, a third hutbnud, Count rhlllppe
IVrlquet, aftcmard I'lhloe de Chimny, aud
llvisl with him emvny terms iu Paris, not net
nllhstauding the scandal that had lusnlled
lur. tihu cuiititiued forbears te lx a reign
ing beauty, but was uevcr admitted te the
com tot thocinpire. Nnpuloeu dkllkeil her
exceedingly, thinking that she had a bad lu lu
lliience en Jesephine. Ills treatment of her
might serve the turn of tatliicnl nilsoga nilsega
mitts, slnce she Indirectly saved Jo3eplilne'3
Ufa They might say that thU was nn unpai unpai unpai
donable ollcuse iu her husband's ej es.
The iku t that the princes had played iu
the Revolution closed the doerj of monarchi
cal society against her, although the prince
was MclceuiH te almost eveiy court of Eu
rope. Bhe nasnetal for her kindness nnd
geueieilty, being leady te terve anybody,
what her friend or fee. She effected the le le le
leose fieni prison of any number et crsens,
nud snatched scores from the kcaffeli. Bhe
had children during each of her marriages;
four dui lug the becend, though Talllen de
nied three of thesn. Bhe Menu te have been
a teumn, of whom there are numberless
reunteqiarts, that pessuJl many of the
highest virtues, albeit she may uet have os
tossed the conventional ene. Bhe died In
Belgium nt 03, having had a sufficiently ex
traordinary career te furnish ample matei lal
for a dozen tin illlng uevcls.
At the tlme et the adoption et the new con
dilution, thoexecutivo jiencr was vested lu
ndliectoryef five members. Au enactment
of the national contention, however, pro pre
scribed that tne thirds et thoceuucllot flte
hundred must be selected f 10111 Its unu mem
bers. This tt as ebt iuusly designed le pi event
either royalists or ultruUts fiem controlling
the council, und caused a new und dangerous
tumult, iu which parties vtcre greatly divid
ed. The royalists, Dtvluj an e, i .. te
retain potter, and pave the ttuy for the le
establUliment of the monarchy, organized a
formidable insurrection that menaced the
country with a rcnewal of the old strife. The
middle class, heutcr, tcre In luch dread of
the common people, uud of their 1 egalnlng the
upper hand, us tbey had done during the Ter Ter
eor, that they joined the rejalists, tthe were
thus greatly strengthened, nnd vastly su
perior In numbers te the convention.
Thotutlre prospect tt as of the otcrthrew
of the convention aud the reinstatement cf
the ancient order, tthich, mero than six
j ears before, hud been displaced with unex
ampled calamities te France.
ENTER NAPOLEON.
Suchjclnstatcment ttas only avoided by
the accidental choice of n young soldier, who
bad already weu renown, and was destlued
te fill the world for ages with the macnlfl-
ccuce of his achievements. That ene man
carried the fate of nations In his brain ! )i
wastheshapcrnndcoutrellor of events, tha
maker or epecus, tue creator of history, the
foremost character of his century, in tiutb.
of modern times.
Najioleeu Bounparte was thcu"u, recently
niade a brigadier general of nrtlllery, nnd
burning for military empleyu cut He had
been walthig for his epjwrtuulty, uud here it
was. Docs it ulnays open te men of tran
scendent jiettcr; or de such men turn the most
ordinary circumstance Inte opjiertunltyj
whereupon the world says they ttere singu
larly lucky te And Itl Whatever the fact,
the great men and the great opportunity
seem te be as cause and effect; they act re
ciprocally; they discover ene another. But,
for lack of opportunity, may net the great
man pai unrecognized!
Napofcen was net a Frenchman by th
most liberal construction, ncd would never
have been accepted as such by Trance but
fcr bis prodigious, well nigh universal genius.
J f he had been killed
at Ixvll, nud b I s
army defeated, as
it must hate been
without him, she
would have spoken
of him as a Corsl Cersl
can ad ventur or,
who shetted prom
ise that he had net
redeemed. Hew
asily he might
have slipped out cf
life without reveal
ing his significance!
cry narrow was
Is escape from net
being territorially
Fraurh. 04 lie wes.
ViOLX.
MiLmt
wakstK. tupsv
53rSfiiv'iksAv
JescrntNE.
?
fa 1.
born at Ajiccle, only two months after tha
Island had been conquered by that nation.
Klranga that he who vanquished se many
European powers should himself have sprung
from vanquished selL If anything, he was
Italian, and Italiau of a much adulterated
sort. Attempts te f urnlsli him with a dis
tinguished lluuage have proved unavailing.
The name, which In early years he wrote
Buenaparte and pronounced, Italian fashion,
m five syllable, occurs In the chronicles of
Corsica as early as the Tenth century, and
recurs In the (Sixteenth' but Its connection,
even remote with the Najwlepnle branch, has
net been established.
The Buennpirtci were patricians, nnd may
or may net Inte been bis ancestors. His
father, Carle Maria, was nil advocate of local
repute, and an adherent aud follower of Gen.
Paoli In his revolt ngalnst the Geneese. Attcr
the patriot's flight he became the frfcnd of
the French governor of the Island, and
through him was enabled te place Napoleou,
ene of thirteen ablldrca, at the military
school of Brlcune. The boy is raid te hive
bed a violent temper, and, In quarrels with
his elder brother, te have nlitnys gained the
ndvautage. The tradition is that his childish
propensities ivcre military, and that he
drilled ether children with wooden swords
and guns.
At Brlenue he went thcre nt 10 he was
silent nnd surly, presumably en account of
his Ignoranee of French, his poverty nnd
prlde. But he was capable of strong friend
ships, as with Ilourlenne, toward theso who
were considerate and synipathetlc Ills
favorite study was mathematics, and he
liked geography and history, but cared noth
ing for literature or ntry of the accomplish
ments. He rnjojed excellent health, was
quiet, diligent, of regular habits, nnd do de
lighted in Plutaich, At 15 he went te
Paris te flnisl his military studies, and was
offended nt the expensive mede of living
thcre. The year following he was commis
sioned a EUb-llcutenniit of artillery; ttas seen
after pi onieted te lieutenant, and stationed
nt Vnleace, lle thei e tt rote n prlze essay en
the "Principles anil Institutions Esjeutlal te
Happiness." Having bem shown this after
he had beceme emperor, he evinced nnnoy nnney nnnoy
nnce nnd burned It. He also wrote consider
ably, expiesslng streiv; dotnecrallo senti
ments ami n fervid attachment te f 1 cedein.
.V
IfAfOLEON's lllllTIirfcACC, AJiCCIO.
When the Revolution had broken out he
was ), nnd still nt Vnlcnce he embraced the
popular tide. During 1TV-, being in Puns, he
ttni particularly Impressed bj the insurrec
tions of June and Au,ust. When he saw the
mob inter the Tullcrles by ferce and compel
Ijeuls XVI te show hlni'lf ut the window
with n led liberty tap en liU head, he ro re ro
miirkedi "It I1 nil ever with tlmtpoer fellow.
Ilewn few cnuiien, leadetl with ginpe shot,
would have dhpervd theso mlccrnble scoun sceun
dieltl" Thli iluai ly denetcj Ids understand
Ing of the French nud bin judgment a.i a sol sel
dkr. TIiite j cars later he noted out his opin
ion nud demonstrated its soundness. If he
had been called upon earlier te suppress riot
nnd faction in that city, he would unques
tionably hat 0 dene it, and shortened the Rev
olution by thrte years, lle was the ene mau
nbove nil ethers te deal with u mob.
Pnell, having geno te Purls, ttas enthusi
astically received the constituent assembly
had allowed the Cerslcan txllcs te return
home and was oppeluted lieutenant general
uud governor of the Island. The Bonaparte
house nt Ajaccle ttas, for n while, the head
quarters of the patriots, and Jeseph and Na Na
eoleon Bonaparte, who had geno back there,
were rpgaidiil us their leaders. They and
Pnell differed widely as te politics, though
they ttcre personally nttached te him. He
was toen opposed te the national convention,
In common with many of his fellow country
men, tthlle Napeleon adhered te that body
The result ttns clt II war, uud the latter, as
commander of 11 battalion of the national
guard, was obliged te attack the place drills
THE Tt'lLmilUU.
At tlivt successful, he ttas lusicged in turn,
uud his communication withn tc&scl tthich
had landed him thcre being cut off, he ttas
constrained te take refuge lu the toner of
Capltolle. He nnd his fifty followers nearly
start id thore, but they ttcre released by
touie shephei-ds qnd the Bonapaite family
di It en from Corsica by the ndt irse faction.
The members were exposed te great jxtII
from the popular 1 age, nud finally get off te
Murscllles In n chanca ship. Thcre is sti ange
Inconsistency in the future b te of JIareuge,
Wngrem and Austcrlitz being obliged te Oy
from his iiaUve land, with his mother,
brethsr nud sisters, te cave his life, en ac
count of hatred of the enemies of l"i auce.
During Napeleon's stay nt Marseilles he
ttas engaged by n French general te uigo uige uigo
tiate ttith the Insurgents of the region round
about. He issued n jtamphlet In tthich lin
pointed out te thim the strength and tiuicr
of the revolutionists and the felly and danci
of exciting the math which would icrtaiidy
le their ruin. His sentiments ware undis
guisably republican, but net radical, for he
had 110 leirsuef iepukir clamo-er disturb disturb
auce. He tvus spewlily tramfcrred te Paris,
ami, attcr remaining there seme months, was
Intrusted ttlth the command of the artillery
sejit ngalnst Teulon, then iu the hands of the
Spanish and EnglUh. lle managed lib, guns
se admirably that the tevtn ttas constrained
in n few ttccLs te surrender, tints ttiuulng
(Dcceiuber, lTVt) liU first decided sueceSi, nud
'a'Sthe Uai.s of his surpassing military
fame. Gen. Dugeminier, 111 iccemmeudiu;
him te the cemmittee of public safety, ttrote
significantly "Promote this jeuug man. If
he should be uegliv-ted, he ttill promote him
self." He ttas mnile n brigadier, joined Dumer
bleu's nruiy nnd participated in the Pied
mont campaign. After the destiuetien of
the ttlumt Irate, hevtas arrested in 1'niubv
the Moderates en suspicion of haviug been n
partisan of Robcpierre. If this had hap
pened during the Terrer, be would, In nil
likelihood, hate ticen guillotined. Au indig
nant remoiistrance from him te the authori
ties procured his release in n fortnight. He
then sought for seme new military oitien,
tthich, despite Ids acknowledged abilities,
tt as uet granted him immediately. At this
- -..
rt:r s K.-
IJ,
t
i? .
m
). M)L
11
nvn bt. nexenft,
time Lywas very peer Talma, the trage
dian, is WtJ te hayp (cut bim manor te ra.
3V
"BTWTaW
"!r'"- "
vtiA r-Kr-mnim
W -Vi j"-" I "' 1 If ITr
M
yiTTV.. -. t. .11' I
f&r 'l .Hi".-ill I ft
decm bis sword dlssatlsSed, anwBeast, full
et anxieties. "Life," b says In one et bis
letters, "is but an empty dream of brief
duration." Hew unlike the man of naceas
tng, marvelous performance In this shadowed
sentiment I He was se despondent, se troubled
with compulsory Idleness and want of ap
preciation, that be contemplated etTeriag his
services te tha sultan et Turkey.
CLOSING SCENES.
But the man having come, tha hour did
net long delay. The convention wu sorely
In need of n resolute, efficient commander for
Its 5,000 regular soldiers, abundantly provi
ded with cannon. Barras, president of that
body, bed general control of the troops, but
hardly felt adequate te tha responsibility of
pitting tbem ngalnst tha 80,000 national
guards, as the defenders of the sections (pri
mary assemblies) of Paris were called. Gen.
Mcnen was at first selected for the position,
but be lacked decision and was set aside.
Barras, who had been with Uspoleen at Tou Teu
lon, declared that be was eminently the man
for the emergency, and the cenrnlttce ap ap
elutcd him te the important office.
The convention Is sitting in the Tullerles,
and the guards, backed by the populace, ad
vance (Oct 6, 1793), confidently along the
quays of the Seine and the RueSt. Uonerd te
the palace, coufidentef expelling the assembly
as they had dene before. Napeleon, with but
ene night for' preparation, has secured the
best tuitiens and calmly awaits their com
ing. They represent the people, in whose
sacred name the wholesale, promiscuous
threat cutting has been waged for six years
and mero, the people who had rioted and
triumphed In bleed. Will the young Corsl Cersl
can dare te defy their overwhelming numbers
and consecrated prestige! He Is net the man
te flinch from odds or responsibility, te be
deterred by names or prcccdcnta. He has
dlvlne faith In artillery; he opens with It
heavily and seasonably; mews down the
marching columns; keeps up the thunderous
fire incessantly. In ene hour's actual fighting
the mighty monster that had devastated
France and terrified t he Old World Is shivered
lute atoms; Is no longer te be seen or felt.
Marnt.Chaumctte, Uosineullns. Uanten, Bt
Just, Couthen,
Rebespierre, all the
demons of democ
racy, might liave
stirred In their
bloody graves If
conscious that they
bad died In vain.
On the needless
graves of 25,000
Frenchmen a stu stu
Icndeus Intellect,
ttltheut morals or
without conscience,
builds the glitter
lug though fraglle
tabrte of military.
absolute govern- nai'oleen 1.
tnent Thus again It happened iu Europe
that liberty leads te anarchy, anarchy te
dwpetltui, and despotism back te liberty.
Hew long is this te be the cycle of political
events? Hew long Is humanity te suffer
and be sacrjficed before liberty sisall be uni
versally and iwrmancntly attained!
OF UKCUi SAM'S NAVKE.
IT WILL SOON RC AS GOOD, AT
LEAST, AS THAT OF GERMANY.
finiue Points lU'sanllnir the Relatlte Sizes
of lilt War Ships nml Houses Inter
estlne Oesslp About the United States
Inn nml Uib Crntt Tliry Sail On.
The prospect of tlie United States se
curing n navy begins te be very geed.
If tliu Incrcase gees en as tt lias been pro
gressing lately, Unde Barn's ocean war
outfit will Boen equal that of the German
empire; nud the German navy stands
vury high. Htlll, when ene compares the
limited extcut of German scaceast t ith
that of tlie United Statc3 exposed en
seme 10,000 miles of ocean, it would
seem that the United States should have
n navy far greater than Germany, rather
than nearly as effective.
A WAIt BIHP AND A IlOW OF CITY HOUSES.
Tliere is ene matter of congratulation
for Unde Sam in respect te hi3 navy.
When he gets it, it will be nil new.
Probably in the history of nations no
great Mtvcr ever sank se low ceinpaied
with etheis as tlie United States in her
water armament during the pest ten or
fifteen jears. What bliips bhe had tvcie
old fiialiioned wooden tubs, net tee big
for a gentleman's yacht, and t ith guns
only fitted te lire salutes. Thcre were
net enough of them te keep half the olll elll
cers of the navy afloat, and the men
ttere becoming demoralized for want of
sea service. When there were but a few
such ships left they were nearly nil gath-.
cred tegcthur nt Samoa, and a big storm
came along and wrecked them. This
left the United States government with
scarcely a respcclahle bln'p te send te re
place theso lest. In short, theie was no
navy left. It had all been wiped out.
But tlie turning point had already
ceme. Congress had ordered ships, and
seme of them tvete being finished. These
ttcre steel ciuisers, having, ns is said
about houses te rent, "all the modern
improvements." There is net a3 much
similarity of appearauce between a mod
ern lien war ship and the Constitution
aa tliere ia between the Constitution nnd
a Reman trireme. Indeed, thcre is ene
feature in common with the trircme and
the modern iron war ship that tlie Con Cen Con
stitiitiendid net possess, that is the ram.
During the naval contests of the civil
war this antiquated fcature of war tes
eels, which thoHemansaud ether nations
of that time relied en as thepiincipal
implement of attack, came ngnin into
use, and, strange te Bay, it was mtio mtie
duced hy the Confederates. The officers
of tlie United States navy steed moie in
fear of Confederate nims than any ether
aim tlie Confederates possessed for naval
warfare. Considering the ram's effective
ness, it is a wonder that it ever dropped
out of the navies of the world.
It was during this war between tlie
states that the great change of today
in war snips came; ami ler nearly thirty
years tlie new
system has been
developing. At
tlnt tlie tesscls
ttere Bmall. The
original Monitor
was net large,
and for a time it
seemed that this
little craft ttas
the coming mod
el. Her extreme
length was 173
feet. She had
two guns in her
turret throwing
shot weighing
ICO pounds, and
her cost tvns
5275,000. A war
ship of today of
SMOKESTACKS.
geed size is 300 feet long, nnd her heavy
guns threw a shot weighing nearly a
ten. Her cost would be from $1,000J000
te $2,000,000. Place ene of llicse vesicU
alongside of a block of buildings, and
obscrve the relative size. She would ex
tend from point of bowsprit te outer
edge of rudder along a block of fifteen
city three story, twenty-feet houses, nnd
her pipe3 would extend far abeve their
reefs.
Then note the difference in the gun et
today aud the gun of ISC!. At that time
the largest gun afloat weighed abeu
twentr-one teus aud was fourteen feet
long. It fired n round shot weighing 450 4
AJ3UlkQK
fi'i'yg.'Uii''JiHn.,Brmrftiii;itr tnxjfiT'11 1
(iiinTfiljH'nA-ph.ii.iiUii,, ,.irtfiinl
rVinHJ'P'i"lU rtHtikiMiiiiii fi,R)rir V
it- m
mm
,r-mm
, rMv$m&
1 feVik FXmmXfr
-igtr
pounds' and required titty pounds of
petrdcr. Today a gun of equal bore
throws a shot four feet long, weighing
nearly a ten and requiring about 000
pounds of powder. This gun will threw
shell eight miles. It weighs ninety
tens and Is forty feet long. It is breech
leading. In this reepect, aft ia the case
of tlie ram, the navy has gene backward,
for the first cannon, used some 800 yean
age, were leaded at the breech.
uaHahsraftlissssssssssssasssssssiy
jfialttn
A rORTT FOOT OUIJ.
The gun carriages are also very differ
ent from theso used twenty-four years
age. They are of steel and are worked
by machinery mero complicated than
was required te drive the first steamboat.
The guns are moved by machinery, both
clavated and depressed, and run in aad
out They are leaded by machinery both
with the chargeand the shot or shell,
and when leaded are often new fired by
electricity. Besides all this there are
often great cylinders placed at the breech,
filled witli water or air or glycerine te
step the recoil Fer power te work all
this machinery compressed air or hy hy
draulie power and semcthnes steam is
used.
One method of noting the size of the
war ship of the present day is te compare
the smokestacks with a sailor of ordi
nary size. Theso enormous funnels rise
te the height of tlie masts of some ves
sels and in circumfcrence rcscmble a
California pine. But that which is least
realized ordinarily is the iinmensiry of
the 6cretv. Tlie power used is equal te
100 locomotives. Each flange of the
screw is longer than a tall man. It is
all very well te start n vessel with such
a screw nnd keep her going, but another
thing te step her, for ene of these levi
athans cannot be stepped in less than a
mile. Ttve screws and two sets of ma
chinery are new usually put iu. Tlie
machinery may be uiade lighter and is
consequently moie easily lepaired. Bo Be
Bides, witli the twin system the draught
of vessel need net be se great.
In iten ships tlie mast has actually be be be
eoeo n tvatcii tower. Thcre is a system
new wherein a powerful electric light
may be concentrated and thrown in any
direction. Vessels en a clear night may
be delected nt a distance of two or three
miles. A person en a chip upon which
a c'tuiicr would bring te bear ene of
these reflectors would feci lile ene sud
denly illuminated by tlie bull's cye of a
policeman.
The ram nnd tlie torpedo are both
uet cities in war ships of today. The
ram ia formed by curving tlie cutwater
outward ten point underwater. It is
usually made of btccl or bronze and
made as 6treng as possible. Te give ad
ditional strength tlie pretective plates are
carried down into the point. Wherever
THU BOSTON IN DKY DOCK.
a ram can be u&cd in sea warfare it ia
terribly effective. The vessels are ee
heavy that they are almost irresistible.
Ocean steamers coming into collision
ttith vessels, eten when trying te step,
ttrike with tremendous ferce. Etcn
when they beem te he barely moving
and ceme in contact with a wooden
deck, they shave off ils cud as if they
were made of cheese. What then must
be the ferce of ene of these rams striking
an enemy at full speed and especially
constructed for the purpose?
Most vessels new have especial bhoets
for toriwdecs. These bhoets tire con
structed both fere and aft. They are no
less formidable than tlie ram. Suppose,
for instance, a vessel beating down te
ram an opponent. She approaches te
within a hundred feet, when out bhoets
a rocket looking prejectile from the ene
my. It glides into the water and disap
pears beneath the surface. In a few
seconds the ramming tebsel J3 lifted in
the air and gees down in a whirlpool.
AVhen we consider the improvements
iu engines, in guns, in steering appa
ratus, in armor, in the screws, indeed, in
nil moving, defentive ind nttacking
measures pertaining te .1 modern war
ship, tvoaie impressed tt ith the magni
tude of BCientilie neil. 1 nplishcd.
But this is uet all. Thti the tot-
pede attachments and tin. I'auu, both of
which are as important as any ether
fcature. What a combination of thought,
study, experiment is n modem war ship!
What a concentration of different kinds
of mechanical contrivance feims of
scientific lescarcht
Tliere is steel making, and working in
Btccl; tliere is naval architecture; there
are tlie different applications of pett rr,
of ejectricily, of cxplosive raateiials,
from gunpowder te dynamite. There
is the matter of projectiles, tlie calcula
tion of displacement, and hundreds of
details cenuect.ed tt itli all these blanches
An Kucmy of Trusts.
Kev. Washington Gladden, who made
Ettch a determined attack upon trusts at
Chautauqua the ether day, and against
whom Mr. Gutiten, an UnglMi econo
mist, was pitted, ttas born in 1'itUgreve,
ra, en Icb. II,
1S30. Iu 1S30 he
w a a graduated
from Williams
college, und after
a courte of theol
ogy became pas
tor et the State
Street Congrega
tional church, in
Broekltn.iulSOO.
IIe held tliesame
position in Mor Mer
risania and in
North Adams,
Mass.. from 1S07
tn 1ST! wliflli lin BEV.
QLADDEN.
w w. , . v.. ..w
returned te New Yerk and wa3 en the
editorial staff of The New Yerk Inde
pendent until 1873,
Frem tliat year till 1883 he wa3 pastei
of the North Congregational church in
Springfield, Mass., and for some time
edited The Sunday Afternoon, Aitei
C&'ssaMa. tiiSrj?!
silife'viasVr
mm
, w.
urn he Mtsjuae pastor f tfca On afcarafc
et OelttBtbiM, O. He tuts bee a fTaa, t
contributor te papers, aad pcriedkjass, a
successful pubfk) lactam, and has pub
lished "Plain TheuthU en the Art of
firing," "Frem tk Bab te the Hud Hud
eon, "Tha Christian Bey" and many
ether works.
CHESS4 AND CHECKERS.
Chess problem Ne. 25.
Black, seven pti
White, eight pieces.
White te play and mat in ttre moves.
Checksr problem Ne. 25.
Black-2.7,11, 12, 31
IcifiiW
y no
m'
-XJga.i ,n.. w .. tj '.ify'aaassasyatnsjjstw
jenyrai
White l, ', 'a, 34, at.
Black te play and win.
SOLUTIONS.
Cbess problem Ne. 2-1 1
White. Black.
L.ltte Q4. 1.. Any move.
2.. Mates.
Checker problem Ne. SMt
White. Black.
1..2M021 , l..aoteM
2.. 13 te 14 S..10 te 17
S..21 tel 8.. 3 te 0
4 ,33te27 4..Sata
6. 27 te 23 S. .22 te 17
0 .14 te 0 0..13tel7
7., 23 te 18 Drawn.
rilOBLEM NO. 8. UV " MOS3n.CK."
ninclt-1, 11. 10. 18, 21, 23. iM. 31.
m m'A
,zzw
ISi SSSH1 tSUSS VW-i,,
i-, g
&s mMi&m
mji
i 'A. mfL r 4"i 0S ?M sn IH"
,, 1 s : i fit & V-AJ, mp irtij
,n" ...yx.?,.i, Hxn?TrJar
t f?A
1 'aA aa . -
mk
1 1 v
)Efe
tw.
SiiL
JuL
Whlte-7, 0. 12. 15, IP, 26, 30.
Whlte te move and win.
Following Is the solution te Ne. 7, by
" Mossback :"
n. 014
16 H
1K-23
28-19
iti M
30-23
1115
1010
730
22 1
3028
23 J'J
2623
Wlacktvlns.
lethittrt.
M
aiitin unes.
Scheel Suits.
rneiiAiii.Y the lieyii are
net imtle ready te go buck
te school as tlie liellilnjs are
nenrly eter. Tliey need te
be get ready quickly. A new
Suit will plcnse the Hey nnd
Holiday Season
Nearly Over,
may make lilm de bis cry best In studying.
Iiify metlicrt de net Inte the time tespnre,
ucltlicr would It be 11 Mitlng If they had the
time, tt lien tlieycmi buy n Little Bej's Hull at
Si, J2.50. S3, SI, 85, or a Ills Hey's Suit ut SI, V, Sfl.
STnndSS. M.tde from Material that will Stand
lteii;li and Tuinble Wear.
Kxtm Knee Punts te help miike out 11 suit,
hhlrt W.iUIh nt 23c, Sic and 60c. fast lllnck
llec, Ac.
r.VLIj OVERCOATS ARK HCRU. The Coel
Wcjther lias brought them out curlier than
usual. Miiuy Nobby St Ie-S3.00 te S15.00.
MARTIN BROS,
Merchant
Tailoring, Clothing and
Furnishing Goods,
NOS. X AND 28 NORTH QUEEN STREET.
yyiM.IAM'JON d. FOSTER.
ANNOUNCEMENT!
THE
OPENINGIDAY
FOR
Our New Department !
IN
DRY GOODS & NOTIONS
W1M. HE
Saturday, September 7th,
And Our Ulsplu V We.lt from
September 9th te i4th.
We ttill thin show mi HSMirliniilt of Superb
Goods nt pilccs-e low that iluy cannot fall te
tciiiru thf pntrnnngc of the pteplu.
Ol'lt UEI'AHTMENTdIN
CLOTHING, HATS, CAPS, FURW5HINGS,
AND
Beets and Shoes
Will be icnd.t tU'A Ne" btlcs for Full nnd
Wlnti r en our Oj nliiR 1M .
?-Den t fail 10 visit ns en Hits tpti'lal oct.it ect.it oct.it
slen. Williamson & Fester,
32-38 East King Street,
LANCASTER, PA,
SVttovncue.
T UTnER S. KAUFFMAI.,
ATTORN KV-AT-L AW.
Second Fleer Efthlemxu tAVf IliUWlEs:, 'e. tl
North Duke Btrcet. epra-irdJtw
1
X.
yj
t-VMVS.
.'iMMmsAMAtdki
!&$&!'. Mwisi8faa.
jla