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b .TdiWOTO'REPORTERSb
THOSC OP CHICAQO ARC BOTH
DETECTIVES AND JOURNALISTS.
ST Have Cnrthnl Hett That I Known
Akeat the Croeln Cmi and Many Other
Harder tCxtraerdluarr Devlcea Cm-
f ylaycd Btajpilied Women or I'rletts.
tSpecUl Ooimpendeoco.)
I WASHuraTex, July 18. The most buc
Mnfat detectives in this country nre the
Mwtpaper reporters. In no ether city
fcr they done such geed work in this
Has a in Chicago. The young giant of
the west b the headquarters of sensa
tional news In this country. It produces
niore murder mysteries, great crimes mid
Interesting "cases" than the metropolis
and all its surrounding cities combined.
A leek back but a few years calls te
mind no end of great cases In Chicago.
Besides the Annrchist nirnir, which was
international In Its bearings, scores of
ether crimes or mysteries have attracted
attention throughout the country. Thcre
was the Joe Mackln election fraud case,
which involved the election of a United
States senater: the Wilsen deuble nun
der at Winnctka; the trial and sentence
te prison of McGarigle, McDonald and
several county commissioners; the sen
sational escape of Mednrlgle te Canada,
the midnight killing of milliouaiie Sncll,
tlie Eva Mitchell mystery, the Carter di-'
verce case, and last, and crlups great
est of all, the assassination of Dr. Cro Cre
nln. It is a saying among the newspaper
men of Chicago that they nre no sooner
out of ene big thing than another is
ready for them. And this is true, The
Anarchist trials were nobeoner ever than
the unfaithful public eflicinls wure
brought te the bar of justice. These
trials out of the way, the Anarchists
were ready for the gallows. Then ciinie
the Sncll killing and the sheeting of
millionaire llawaen, and after that the
Carter diverce case, The very day the
verdict in this case was brought in the
body of Dr. Crenln was found In a
sewer.
The succcsssu! Chicago reporter Is
mere than a newspaper man hu is n do de
tective, a coroner, a policeman; he is
almost a judge. Sensational wheat
corners and speculative panics which
shake up the whole world are among his
cesiest tasks. When men or women go
te Chicago te commit suicide, as thuy
often de, the Chicago reporter welcomes
them witli all preper hospitality and at
tention. In this Crenln case the reporters have
discovered about all the e idence thcre
is in the hands of the authorities. It
was Gallagher, of The Tribune, who dis
closed the nature, Bource and slgnill slgnill
cance of the legus dispatches scut out
from Terente announcing Dr. Crenin's
arrival there. It was another Tribune
man, Sullivan, who gave te the public
the facts about Alexander Sullivan's
losses in the wheat market, it was
Ledcrcr, the Herald uitist, who, by
promptly and skillfully following up an
accidental clew, discovered the bcene of
the cruel killing at the Carlsen cottage.
It was another Herald man who hunted
among the hundicds of expie'sstnen in
the city till he found the ene who drove
the lead of furniture te that bloody little
beuse in the suburbs.
At every stage of this case the report
ers have given the pelice mero informa
tion than the pelice have given them,
notwithstanding that all the advantages
are en the sldoef the police. When n
man has anything te tell hogeeii btrulght
te the pelice with It. Peeple are ufinld
te talk te newspaper men en such mat
ters, because they disllke publicity.
When the pelice were at their w,V
ends for a key te the myBteiy,)f the
murder of millionaire Sncll, h bright
reporter worked out it cle.wwlilch the
police had overlooked, anil round that
the young goed-forinothlng, Tascett,
was the guilty peneu. Though net gen
erally known, it is a fact that thu news
..papers. ofXhicage have spent thousands
of dollars trying te catch Tascett, and
in all probability have been closer te
him than the pelice. A Chicago re
porter is new en reute for China en a
Tascett mission, which may or may net
justify the expectations of the news
paper which is paying his expenses.
What may be said te have been the
beginning of icporterinl enterprise in
Chicago was a similar trip abroad,
made by a representative of The Daily
News. The president of a Chicago sav
ings bank had stolen a, large sum of
money and disappeared. The News re
porter shadowed him te Furepe, found
him and Interviewed him. The News
was then a young und btruggling jour
nal, and this feat matciially hoi pod it
long the highway te success.
Newspapera ure mero persistent than
the police. Anether representative of
The News visited EurejK) wliile the An
archists were lying in jail, and by shrewd
maneuvering managed te interview the
relatives of the accused men te ascer
tain ull about their history en the ether
side of the water, and even te cecure
copies of letters w hlch they had written
home. In this Tascett case, tee, the
police appear long bince te have given
up hepe of apprehending the culprit.
The newspapers are still at work. The
woman with whom jeung Tinrntt was
Infatuated la still under newspaper sur
veillance. I Net many monthsage a young woman,
employed by a Chicago newspaper, en
gaged aa servant in the family of Tas Tas
cett'a brother. Thatnewepapers ure dis
creet as well as enterprising U also
shown in this case. A reporter npent two
months investigating a pliose of the
Bnell mystery which had been neglect
ed, end obtained information which
would have created a great sensation if
published. Uut as it was information
which pexibly could net be substantiated
la court, the secret is locked in the
breasts of a half dozen perssns
It was a Chicago reporter, Ur. Chapin,
then of The Tribune, new of The Times,
who performed the unprecedented feat of
CCptuvmg the cele burvivcr of a Great
teamsfuji disaster sad e; running hU
prisoner away out of ihe reach of
ether uewsjiaper men. A passenger
steamer was lest near Milwaukee. At
first it was supposed ull en beard had
perished, but after the Inpse of two days
one man was picked up and taken nshere.
Chapin chartered a tug und took this man
te Miiwaukee and thence te Chicago and
his own home, it is perhaps suorflueus
te remark that the man was well caied
for and thoroughly interviewed. The
same Mr. Chapin was lucky enough te
catch Mr. Garlgle as he landed en Cana
dian seiL A dozen reporters were skir
mishing all through Canada, but Chapin
alone was lucky enough, or shrewd
enough, te be at the right spot. When
Mr. Gnrigle jumped ashore the lirst man
he saw was this Chicago reporter.
Wb.cn rich old Mr. Wilsen aud his wife
were found beaten into jelly in their
home at Winnctka, near Chicago, the
police looked the ground ecr and con
cluded they had another first class mys
tery en their hands. Wiiilu I lie police
were running around looking for clews
a reporter, this Mr. Chapin, round that
Nwl McKeague.u butcheref the village,
had owed Mr Wilm some money; that
t he hut) been the first te discover the
bodies, bin that he had returned lehJa
- .
TPttie JiAyCASTER PATIY INTELLIGEyOERrgATURDAY, JULY 20, 1889
shop without saying a word te anybody,
served two or three customers, gene by
train from Wlnnetka te Chicago, and
called en several acquaintances thcre
without ence mentioning the terrible
scene of bleed his eyes had beheld a few
hours before. Naturally concluding that
McKcaguemust be the murderer, Chapin
decided le confront his man with nn
accusation. Though well knowing that
a man who could commit a crime like
this and go about his business as It noth
ing had happened must be ene of the
most cruel and dospcrate of criminals,
the reporter faced McKcague alone,
"IIe was the coolest villain I ever
saw," says Mr. Clmpln, who is new a
Washington correspondent. "IIe sat en
the meat block In his shop, whetting a
big carver en his beet leg. I had en my
overcoat, with my right hand In the out
side pocket grasping n revolver.
" 'McKcague,' I said, 'you killed Mr.
and Mrs. Wilsen.'
"I expected te see him jump for me,
with that knife nimed at my heart. In
stead, he raised the carver, ran his
thumb along the edge deliberately and
without the quiver of n nerve, nnd an
swered: " 'De you think se? Let's see you
prov'e it"
McKcague was arrested, tried and ac
quitted, though thcre never was much
doubt of his guilt. He led n very wicked
Ilfe nftcr this, and was finally killed in n
brawl out west.
When necessary the Chicago reporter
will take despeiate chances. Hq is net
afraid te enter n nest of toughs nor te
make midnight explorations of dark al
leys in thu slums. He often pretends te
lj nn officer, and "Hashing his star" is n
repoiterial amusement. Newspapermen
who de iiolice work wear st.itH under the
lapels of their coats, thu pieces of silver
bearing the names of their pacrs. These
stars are open sesame with the pelice nt
(Iren and en similar occasions. Little
Charley Seymour, of The Herald, ene of
the most hi illiant rejieitera in Chicago,
tins arrested and mnrched te the station
house two or tin ee men simply by mo me
nipulurlly cxiwing his star and saying,
"Cenie nleng with me."
Sejmeur, Flilerl and Mcllugh, three
repeiters, were lucky enough te come
Uiun n man whom they Mispected of
having killed Km .Mitchell. They
"Hashed their stars" en him, at rested
him, leek him te the station, locked him
up in thu "sweat box," nnd Interviewed
him te their heaita' content liefore the
mail suspected they were anything hut
efllccis of the law, mid !cfore thu xlice
knew what was going en in their own
domicile.
While at work en thij bame case Im
porter Mcllugh had a remarkable expo expe
rience. A Kpaiii.uil who hail his bed in
the loftef the Chicago university, found
ed by Stephen A. Douglas, hut new
abandoned and vacant, wan imspccti'def
complicity in the minder. Mcllugh
piecured Iho tnuidered giil'ri dress and
hat and carried them late ene night le
the university building.
LlTccting nucntiauce by means of n
window, hu (list obed und put en the gill's
clothing. Thus tittited Ite groped his
way up four or llve IlightHef htaimte the
attic, ImiHt open thu deer of the Span
iard's room nnd steed before thu man in
the habilimcnta or thu dead. The elfect
was startling. Throwing up hhliauds
In despair, the Sp.tniaul called te Uvu
for mercy. Ne ether ptoef of his guilt
wes obtained, however, and he was no ci
ei tested. Ner was the mystery evet
cleat ed up.
Newspapera and newspaper mtu ife
net nlwnyt) succeed. The manuring ed
itor of a Chicago paper pari u reporter n
thousand dollars e'"i auto blimuhe te gu
te Kausas.teet, buy or steal nn inter
view with Sarah Dedgo, the spinster who
.hud killed u ptemineut man named Bib Bib
eock, Iter falbe lever. The repot ter as
sumed thodibguUeof n traveling preach
er, and failed. Then he tiled bribery
nnd failed again. Ieve nor religion net
money could open the mouth of Sarah
Dedgo. Ilcfeiu the ekcapoef AlcOatigle
u city editor had had the jail and Me Me
(Isiigle'ii house watched for three weeks,
In anticipation of bitch tut uvent. Thteugh
n misunderstanding the guard was net
at his pest the night of Iho escape.
Speaking of u rejierter assuming the
disguise of :i minister of the gospel re
minds me of a feat peifetuiedby Im
porter Seymeur.alti'ady mentioned. An
imprisoned suspect had resisted all cITerta
of the pelice and the newspaper men te
luducu him te confess. Seymour hap
pened te knew of u lenegade clergyman
who lived far out en thu West Side.
Though discaided by his chinch he
continued te wear the gat b of u priest,
and spent ilia time in drinking saloons
nnd ether bad company, Seymour
found this rutiognde end induced him te
go te the Ltatieu house and take thu con
fession of the suspect, The confession,
as it turned out, wa3 net of gieat im
portance, but tint did net detract from
the brilliancy of the feat, from the do-tectie-eperter
point of view.
Waltcis Wcllmah.
Items A limit Mclmia.
Nothing se pmmetcs the growth of n
melon vine as the drawing of ftesh eatlh
te the stem, and a vine planted a few
Inches lower than the general surface of
the soil, by n gradual dtawlng In r the
soil by the time cultivation ceases can be
en quite a lidge, nnd thus git the ad
vantage of the hill with thu fin titer ail
i.intigniif halng its toots in moister
und cooler boil than would haxebeen
pessible if planted en a lidge. These ru
mniks will of ply equally well te water
melons as musk melons.
In glowing melons for home use qual
ity Is the liiet consldciiitieu. Or late
years the elleit among seedsmen has
been te produce n untci melon with a
tough rind, adapted te the long shipment
fieut thu south. This has been obtained
at the exieuse or quality. In 0111 home
garden It is of no sort of ndiantagote
raisu n watermelon which will support
a weight of half a ten, as some nre bald
te de. Neither de we care for its Ix-ing
"iien clad" or "eepjitr fastened," unless
the inside- is well worthy of such pio pie pio
lectien. The new er sorts of watermelons,
while they hae Uen impimed for the
puqiescs of the shipK-i. h.ive net been
of the tiM-t.tge quality of seimi or the
elder suits. We h.iw found none su
perior r.u this legion te the (Jypy and
the Mountain r eet, says a Virginia cor
respondent in (lardeniiud I'eiest. In
muBkmclens it is also a geed nile te se
lect varieties, net by slze and leeks, but
by their quality rer the table. In must
melons 6ize Is often attained at the ex ex ex
ponse of quality. Karly fruitfuluesa ij
prorenled by nipping off the tips of the
v hies w hen ulxnit tluee feet long.
NnlliliiK but llaljy Left.
The hua iest loser hy the Kilruin-SulIU nn
prlze fllit lives in Ienisvillu. I le Is u laborer,
ami he bet all tlie cash lie had ami tnc
meMtli' wages in otlvance en Kihaiu. but
that wen uet itieugh, and he was se confident
or the Ualtinujreau's success that he finally
put up hi baby carriage ou him. New he hai
uetUIus but tlie lby kit. New Yerk Bun
Minnle Paliper counts licr pcmtuiivrs by
the U-tis. Blie Is ena of tliu most liberal
women en tlie btageaud fjnds licr meiu-y
for cbaritabla weik without legard te its
value.
Tlie Trench jmpcrs call Uuilale Bill "Gull "Gull
lauiue de Duirale."
Edwin Beeth says It was ence Lis ambition
te be a circus ridtr.
mJ fftJa.Jj3li., dim
T..iVTv i V" 1T - v Aj '.' -Tj ; "'"
i. . . ' r" t. ..
AN ARTISTIC EVOLUTION.
THE SUNBEAM HARNESSED TO THE
PRINTING PRESS.
TCaird Taper Negative The Father of
Meilern rractlcal I'holesraphy "VeU
ernn" Rurhe, a Typical Inventor Plioto Plieto Pliote
Morhanlcal I'lHntliig.
SpecUl Oorrffpendencc
New Yehk, July 18. The great defect
of M. D.'igucrre's invention was that the
Images produced by It could net le multi
plied except by repetition, ns many times
as copies were desired, of the costly and
tedious original process. Tlie fact wes
clearly epprchended by scientific nnd
practical men that he had hut opened the
wny te n Held of lullnlte jmselWIItles, It
was net yet enough that the sunbeam
should be imprisoned in the camera; it
must be harnessed te the printing press.
A creditable attempt In that direction
was mnde by Sir W. It. Greve, who, net
long nftcr the Invention of the daguer
reotype, discovered u means, of etching
it In the plate, with ncid, te n sufficient
depth te cnable with very delicate ma
nipulation pi Intlng from it, but his
process was merely nn Ingenious nnd ex
pensive curiosity, n failure for all prac
tical purposes. Tite steps were Blew by
which the pi escnt perfection of the ort
was reached.
Mungo 1'aten, In 1830, discovered the
scnsitiicnefl of hl-chrotnate of (Kitash te
light. In 1811, Fox-Teluol, of England,
did the first real photography by what
hu denominated the "calotype" precers,
but In what would new seem a very
crude wny. He mnde his negatives iien
paper, which was biilwijucntly waxed
and rubbed with n het Iren te tender it
semi-transparent. Then he made hij
positives uK)n paper ever which had
been floated albumen charged with
iodide of sliver. That process, or a very
close approximation te it, by the wny, Is
Mill In tise in Paris for the making of
magic lantern "slides," nn nrt in which
we new excel.
Leuis Alphense Pelutcvlii In 1853
made the great Improvement of employ
ing for negatives plates of glass coated
with "gel.itine or ether organic matter
in combination with the hl-chioinate of
potash or of ammonia." Frem this point
leally have sprung all the many Ingen
ious, and for their respective tiv-s
enoiineusly valuable, ptecesses of pro
ducing phote-ielief, pliote-lithographiu
and ether plates for various soils of
piiutiug. Volumes would be required
te recnpltulate the improvements and
variations that have lieen made siucu
I'einlL'viu'n time hi nil clvllicd coun
tries, but principally In the United States
but ull u-st directly ueii his invention
as a base, and I'oititevin as the father of
model n photography Is hardly less
worthy of honor in rrmcnihinncu than
D.iguene. It U tiuu that in 1817 Nlepce
de St. Victer used iedled albumen en
glass sensitized with nitrate or silver
with fairly geed lesultK-, also that Scott
Archer, of Kngland, in 1831 In ought col cel col
eodion which had then lecenlly been
invented fei-HUtgical uses by LeGtey
Inte use, but neither of them i cached the
point of practicality attained hy l'ointo l'einto l'ointe
vln with gelatine. M. 1'ierre Ignace
Alexis Uuudin In 18311 introduced n col cel col
eodion emulsion tbj termul.i of which
did net net into general use, but served
ns the basl'ler a number of Imptovo Imptevo Imptove
iiieii'' ft little later nnd was employed
for several years thereafter. In 1801 he
made a gelatlne emulsion und culled it
"photegeue."
Net long after Potntevin's discovery
Paul Pictbch, or Vienna, found that if
he coated n plate of glass with hichro hichre
maticd gel.itine te a thickness three or
four times as gtcat as that employed by
Peinteviu, nnd when it was dry exposed
It in contact with a photegraphiu livu
negative, the gelatlne whciu the light
acted upon it wan icitdcicd insoluble and
haul, while fieut the ether p.nts, where
the light had net acted, the bl-cluoiuate
could leadily bu washed out, and the
gelatine thuie would nliseib water und
Bwell up just in piopettiunns it had been
pietccled from the li;ht, giving a per
fect matiix fieui which plaster casts or
electrotypes could be mnde. Se delicate
hut sute was the action of the light that
hair teneH weie preset ved and the icpro icpre icpro
ductieu of accurate iiiuted copies of the
eiiglnal seemed te be, theetetieally nt
least, ineiely u matter of color and im
pression. In practice, however. It was
found that there was a gieat deal of Im
pievemcnt bttll necessaty before thu pro
cess could be made commercially valua
ble. One of the moderately succeseful
methods tried wns that of coaling metal
lateswlth asphaltum, which hatdejied
under thu light and could he u moved
readily by solvents from the unexposed
parts, thus jiresenting u surface for etch
ing. Lilted and stippled weik could lie
well reproduced in that wny, but the
usefulness of the process was limited.
Peiutuvln produced seme geed work
by coating his glass plates thinly with
gelatlne and piiiitiiigfreiu them asfiem
lithegiiiphiu btenes, the parts exposed te
light taking ink, while these net exposed
would itbseib watei nnd se repel the ink,
Th.it method was greatly impteved by
Albert or Munich, mainly in the inks
and relleis he employed, however, and
Ins process named utter linn is still
the meat pet feet for eceedtngly tlue
photo-mechanical work, hut with tlie
drawback that it is blew and costly.
Olieiuetter und Udwnids also made im
provements. When news of wliat wns doing in this
direction abroad reached New Vetk,
.Mr. T. C Umbe familial ly, iidmitiugly
and allectienately known te nearly every
photographer in the United States und
pretty much nil ever the world as "the
Veteran" und "Daddy Koche," 6et te
weik experimenting. He tried te get
kjiiie such ink as was used abroad, nnd
thepiice demanded for It was $13 per
leuiid, quite beyond his means. When
lie recovered his bteath he went away
and began at the beginning by making
his own Ink.
After a long series of experiments he
settled upon copper plates as the best for
the work, nnd at the next convention of
photegrapheis exhibited a piiu of photo
graphs piintcd from siirh pistes, In such
pel feet icnmdiit-lien of supi ih originals
pieduced jy sun printing that their char
acter was net loceguized until he ex
plained it. Then it made a sensation,
lie had beaten Europe. His process is
still used hy the United States govern
ment and by ceuimeieial hetitps who
own it in Hest (je and Chicago, but, like
all his numerous and important inven
tions, it netted liiin ecaieel.v unj thing.
The great hearted and libeia'l llrtn or ink
dealers, who charged him ?IS per ieiiiid
for the impeitcd ink, elTeted him '.3 for
thuferiiiula by which he produced bitter
inks than the impeitcd
This matter of phote-mcch.inleal pi lut
ing is, however, leading us away from
our historical resume of the progress of
development of photography as n piotuie
making art, into what, though only ene
of the branches of its application, is
nevertheless a very wide Held. Te re
turn te the main thread.
The colledion process held its own for
all photographic work as late ns 1871 and
Is still used with Utter icstilts than anv
ether for the making of such solid black
and white iick-atlvesasaie used by photo-
l engravers, tin lyies, and certain ether
Bneclfloueulicalious. but in Ujo v pr men
-.' . . - . - ; ..
' f 'v v. J'f-
tiened Dr. It L Maddux brought out in
England dry plates coated with gelatlne
combined with buomlde of silver. They
w ere hy no means perfect, but their de
sirability was at once manifest end In
cited many exiierimcnters te seek Im
provements niten them. Mr. Hurgcss, of
Peckham. U. Kcnnett nnd Charles Ben
nett the latter as latent 1879-80 made
the chief improvements In the direction
of increasing the sensitiveness of the dry
plates, in which such success has been
eventually attained that new en expos expes expos
uie for the Infinitesimal part of a sec
ond is ns cifective as that of half n min
ute was less than a decade nge. New
dry plates nre universally used for por per por
tralture, Idndscaiies, "Instantaneous"
v lows, etc.
When the sensitiveness of the dry
plates had liecn perfected in 1880, they
were still defective in tlie very Import
ant particular that they would net stand
the heat of our climate. At a tempera
ture of 85 degs. their gelatine was liable
te "frill," "blister" and even melt quite
eir the plate, se that It was necessary in
summer te keep them cool with ice. T.
C. Koche, after n long aud disheartening
scries of experiments, finally by sheer
accident hit tien a gelatine coating that
could net be melted elf with boiling
water or even by the heat of a liunscn
burner, and his discovery is in general
use today, without any mero bciicllt te
him than any ether of his many Inven
tions from which ethers have reaped
great fortunes and he nothing. About
the Kama time that he madu this iuqiort iuqiert
ant discovery, or perhaps n little before,
Mr. Koche conceived the Idea of apply
ing te paper for contact printing or ex
posing In the solar camera a gelatlne
emulsion similar te that employed in
coating the dry plates. This was for en
latgeinetils for crayon wetk. He was he
successful that he produced n paper se
sensitive that It could net he used in the
solar camera, und had te be worked by
nitillclal light te keep it tinder control.
llefurunl.il go number of photographers
assembled lit the Coejicr Institute he
made pictuies upon it by the flash of n
pinch of gun cotton. The English "pin "pin "pin
tlnotype" paper, invented by Mr. Willis,
was already in existence, find was ac
knowledged as giving very flne results,
but It wn.s slew, required the use of the
solar camera (a vety costly instiument)
and could net he used en dull days. Mr.
Koche's discovery did uvvny with the
solar camera altogether, and with his
paper thu weik of cniaigcuicnt could be
dene in n cellar by candle light. The
luiportanceof It may easily be imagined.
Dill that invention, like nil the rest, was
clutched fiem the old man, who is the
typical inventor par excellence In his
inability te lookout fei hisewn inteicsls.
T, C. Koche has had mere valuable
paUntBlit photography taken out in his
ti tlue than any ether iiiun in the United
Slates, and has fieely given nvvny mero
di.iceveiies than any ether. Indeed, It
would bu eon eel te say that hu has given
awny all that his rare genius nnd ability
have attained, und ethers have become
wealthy ou them while lie has grown
old nnd peer in nil but theiegaidlu
which he h held hy Iho photographic
vv erld.
It hi worthy of mention ns n remarka
ble fact that in ull the United States and
(heat llritain net an inch of paper is
matle lit fei photegijiphio uses. The
vveild's supply comes altogether from
France nnd Oetinaity und commands n
high piice. 'Ibis is something for our
many American paper makers te chew
upon and repieacli themselves for.
it is net apparent why they should net
make qulle as geed u paper of any spo spe
cillu kind us (tin he produced hi Europe,
And another fact that gees with it Is that
only the lluest Flench and Swiss gela
tine can be used. Net tin outice that is
suitable for the usesef the manufacturer
or photographic material is pieduced in
the United States. Cannet some or the
big batons of Slaughter, out in Chicago,
take this hint for tlie utilization in most
prelltahlu fashion of mateilal that they
have in eixcess and se start another "in
fant indiistiy" that will very pientptly
stand upon its own feel?
It is hardly worth wliile te moie than
recall thu huide of various "types" that
were brought out In the eat ly days of
photography Pietty much every able
photographer get up seme novelty of his
own under a peculiar name, for which
he, of course, claimed superieiity ever
all ethuis, and very often the bantu pto pte
cess had different names in diircreut
cities.
Thus "ambretypes," "ivory types,"
"halietypes," "melanietypes," "fetro "fetre
types," etc., came into popular know
ledge. They were generally icturus
f i em phetugiiphy in thu direction of tliu
daguerieetyps, in that they wcte singly
pieduced nnd net photographic printi
fiem negatives, und while the piecesses
for thelr production differed in details,
the general piiuciplewas the 1..11110, of
under dovelepod negatives converted
into positives hy epaque backing.
There am new net less than 7,000 pro
fessional photographer hi the United
States engaged In nnd dependent mainly
ttlKiii portrait taking as n business. This
is, indeed, deemed a low estimate by
seme of the dealers in supplies, who pio pie
suiuahly have u t ight te a somewhat nu nu nu
thoritative opinion. Then therourenbnut
5,500 engaged in the vaiieus processes of
pliote-iiiechauical printing, or the prep
aration of plates and blocks, bv photo pheto phote
gi.tphiunid, for punting, and it is rather
bingul.it that se distinct me new these
two branches of photography that it is
rare te find u person epett in ene who
is of thu slightest serv ice in thu ether.
In closing this review or the art or sun
pietmu making, merely by the salient
points in its bisteiy, which is nil that
space w ill penult, mid bringing it down
te the present time, it seems well te pre
sent u condensed tahlu or thu gi eat steps
hi piegiess, bhevviug the advance that
has been made in l eductien or time or
exposure:
1S,T- llulleraptiv (eepin-r plate
ami asphalt), Nleee . 0 le 8 hours
!K-la,;tH.iTi'tfw (copper il-
itrpUliU), Imkuitie . 30 minutes
lBII-Calotyie (I,k1U1 kllviir lu
Mnr), fox Tnlljct . . 3 leS minute
1MI CeIUkIiuii iinvni (rottejl.iu
Lruiiie-iulUtsl.uilh nitrme
of hilu-r. en Kias; iial
Met), Hcelt Arclivr 10 te 30 eecendj
lS?J-Gi-bUne imilskm (bremtde
uf kilter "itid Kilnllua cm
Kl.id, nwsi Ury) . 1 seceuJ
ISs'J -Slmil ir crl.uine coated
1 tites, ei tv-I v fly kensl
lite, nmle liynuuinbcrur
liinniiructimis .cot seceist
J. 11. Ce.NMUJ.Y.
Thu IlieuUljii Krnntl (.'lull.
Tlie ltroeUljn Kennel club will have quite
prize llt for the September show, seme
?'J,x luiug tlie total of prizes. If this is ti ue
it ought te draw qulle an entry from near I
ki uucls, and us the "bird dogs" w til li.mll
be en Iho move south se cm ly it geed show lug
Is expected. Tlie judges have net lieen de
chleden yet, but for tlie take of the jeting
club It is te be heied that their eelectleu will
be vv ie and be governed mere by ndaptabillt j
than economy It eys in tbe cud. Iho
premium hst is expected out theeml of thi
mouth.
lllltiu of Sllllll-r latl.l urn n Spnrt.
Thelargi-jt evviii-i uf Mtin; ground In
(ilent Ilritnm u tl.e DuLoef iiuilji.rl.UHl, who
own-, about u million tn" of ;ruu moors
nnd deer fei vats, from which he derive km
uiinual hii-ome ter sheeting rights nlor.eof
iJOO.OOO. The lurgest tenant of tboetiUK in
tlie kingdom is Mr W U IVinaiis.w he, until
lately, mited ever !XW,WXJ ucrcs of moor uud
fei-cstat un animal rent of clese ou f 100,000 n
J ear
ABOUT CANING.
Spert Which Is Becoming
Popular with Women.
SOME OF THE MOST t'Ol'ULAIt RKJS
Qeml and Ilmtl Fenliim of tba Varteut Ball
Arransenirnl -The Ktandlug Lag, the
Lelrrn, I he I-rg ' Millien Hall, Sharpie
ItlB-Snll I'lan of Iho Nettu.
With every yenr canoeing grows In popu
larity. Almest every town of nny coniO ceniO
quctice In tbe country which beasts a stream n
hiet or tvre Jeep tins Its ennoe club new, or nt
leant Its group of two or three enthusiasts.
The ladies, tee, take te it kindly, and wo
men's e-anoe clubs are by no means unheard
of. One writer has given the following as
au explanation of tlilst
SAIL t'tJVN OP THE NOTUS.
"The canee sppeali te tbe cestbetlc sensi
bilities; It Is the most beautiful crntt afloat.
The canee Is adapted te the timid sex; It ii
tbe surest beat that ever took water. The
canee is suited te the less muscular half of
humanity; paddling is net fatiguing. The
canee gratifies the social instinct; canoeists
nre always geed fellows, and there Is net a
slngle "professional" iu the ranks of the fra
ternity. The canee has regard te feminine
cm iestty though this mental vlrtue Is of
lieth sexes, nnd en thu water you call It lu
tercet In the scenery It gees frankly ahead
instead of blindly backing up like a rowheat
against the point of destination. The canee,
te all body, man or woman, who cares for
the water, gives mero enjoyment te the
sqtinre Inch than nny steaming or rowing or
sailing craft devised."
NOT I)AUKI!0l,'8 AND KASV TO HANDLE.
Tlie modern cnuoe Is nn entirely practlca practlca
hle thing for a woman te handle. Te fit it
completely te her use inquires but few
changed, nnd theso leadily made. As defined
by the rules of the Ainciican Canee associa
tion, tlie ennoe is a beat shaip at both ends,
net mero than thirty-six Inches vvlde en deck
nnd propelled by paddle or sails, but cqiabls
of being propelled clllcieutly by n deuble
bladcd iaildle, Tbe open canee for still water
use is the lightest or cedar shells. Tbe decked
ennoe may be long and narrow for n paddling
nicer, but rer nil nreund ciuislna; ue, und
this eemprlMjs the great majority of nil canoes
built, It will net vary gieatly from fourteen
feet In length hy tbitty inches In width.
Twenty-rout- Inches nnd thirty-three Inches
nre In actual um?, the extremes of which the
width given is tlie mean.
Such n ennoe curt ies a centcrbeard or net
accenting te the work for which she is dd
signtsb She has a well or cockpit for her
solitary passenger, who Is skipper nnd crew
In one, which used te he three feet, but is
new commonly 5 feci long by 18 or 20 inches
wlh?. Bhe has stect Ing gear connected with
tbe rudder lines under tbe leve deck Jut
where the feet manipulate it conveniently,
and nle for hand use en Iho deck in cases
wheie tliu cievv Is nlse ballast by bntiKing his
tees out te windward In n breeze. Tbe cnuoe
litis two tunsls nnd entries a cloud of ennvas
or uone at all, nccerding te tbe hi eeze and
LEO O' MUTTON BAIL, SUAKI'lE UIO.
tbe sailor's vv him. She is never fitted with
seats, but the skipper composes himseir nn a
cushion, leaning ngnlust a swinging back
bone! that is the perfection or ease. In cae
tlie waves show any imposition te ploy prac
tical jokes upon him be nd justs the bntches
w Ith which the cockpit Is provided as water
sheds nbeut him, nnd doesn't ship a teacup
rul where an eiien beat might capsize.
ONE WOSlAVa ESrElllE.NCU.
Mis. Illiza Putnam Ileateu, of Brooklyn,
declares that the canee she and her husband
use is ene of the most Important and best be-
loved members or the family. One summer
they made ii vacation ti ip from New Yei k up
the Hudsen te Albany nud back, tuking ud ud
vuntngeef every oppei tiinity for roughing
It. An interviewer asked:
"What did you wcarl Yeu 6urely didu't
take a Suuday bonnet nleng with your"
"I were a blue flannel dress madeall in nrj
piece, with a bleuse waist, irt drapery, the
skirt reaching te the tops of a pair of extra
high iKKits. It weighed a pound ninl n half.
I wereu sailor lint, and can led alight jacket
te be ready for changes of weather. Our
canee Is rather small te be used as n tandem
It mcasutes 14 feet by SO Inches se that
we could net have taken much luggage If we
had wished. All that we cniricd weighed
only about thirty pounds, nud of this our
photegiaphio materials, platei, camera, etc.,
weighed between fifteen and twenty pounds."
"At night did you sleep en the gteutid and
cover with your cnuoe, or go te a hotel"
"We slat ted with the intention of camp
ing out every night, but uufertunatcly geed
camping places hetvvveu heie and Albany
worn net us numerous as they should le, aud
we sometimes had te step at a hotel, ltut
we did camp out nbeut two-thirds of the
lune. We e-art ied n small tent or sheeting,
go that it would be of less w eight than oue
or cauvus, n blanket uplece, and a rubber-
blanket le spread ou the gietuiu."
LATEEN.
"And your cenmiissiiiy department. Buro Bure
l) you did net carry u large supply of kitchen
utensils aud previsions iu that thirty pounds
of baggage!"
"Oh, we h.idn tin pail nplece, nnd u tin
cup; tm plate uud a knife each, uud a few
ether piimitivennd strictly newssary ni ti
des. Then we e-nrricd n few eanucd meats,
but net uiiu-h ill that line, aswecxiiectesl te
Ik) nble te buy mest et whnt we should went
nt our rami ing plactw."
"What did ou de when It rained! Didn't
you frequently get drenched!"
"Ne, we bad enl) ene scvcrvi rala ftenu
during tbe whele CI cur trip, and then we
went ashore, stretched our tent, nnd e'iije)cd
tbe storm lu u wildly lemautiu spot ut the
ueithei it end of Ietin island."
"Yeu did net feel uf mid tossing nbeut in
nil that wind and water iu such a tiny
thtdl!"
"Net in tbe least. I knew tbe canoe, knew
exnetly hew It would net, and 1 felt just ns
safe there ns I would en dry Lsnd If the
persons lu n canee knew hew te baudla it and
nre reasonably prudent in their actions there
is absolutely no danger. If they euly tit still
In the bottom of the beat they cau't evertuin
It One day wu went aboard n brick Imrge,
nnd the astonishment tin men whetnti the
big clumsy thing show oil ever our tiny a aft
wns quite nmu-tiig They considered us
miracles of courage lx-aue we were willing
te go ou the water in sueh a ctK-kle shell, nnd
were absolutely sure that we w ild l ujw t
in le4thau half un hour And ns for me,
they could hardly U-lieve the evidence of
their eyes that I hud Uvu aboard the ennee,
and uethuis could luue ceuvuiced theai tht
tr--yf. j'ajqa.jx - fe'
M
jQli
"Jt?S,i2,
KK
thcre was another woman en the fees of the
earth would dare venture in Hen the water,"
tuk mrrEBExr mas.
There are about ns many itylai of canoes
as there are breeds of horses, nnd every
canoeist Is positive that hU particular toot Ii
the be t In existence.
The standing lug rig began te displace a
rig known ni "ulldltig guntcr" nlxmt 1971
en account of Its tlmpllcity oue halliard nnd
one sheet. TbohlshmastUsnldtebeabouttha
only serious objection te the sail In strong
winds the Jib and mizzen only nre used.
MncOreger used a standing lug nnd jib en
his famous I lob Hey.
The lateen sail Is probably the simplest sail
ever used en a canee. There 1$ but line te each
sail the sheet A ring attached te the ynrd
slips ever a pin driven Inte the hend of the
mast. A jnw attached te the Jlbboem (Its
around the mast. The sail cannot lie reefed
In n fcnti factory manner, nnd that Is the ene
serious drawback te Its general use. The
lateen tail made its first appearance ou canoes
In this country in 1879 or 1S80. The Cincin
nati canoeists need It most successfully nt
their meet.
The leg e' mutton sail, sharple rig. Is of
Canadian origin. These of the New Yerk
ennoe club who purchased Cnimdlan canoes
In lb73 nud 1874 adopted tbe rig nnd Intro-
BTANDINO LUO.
duced it into the states. It ha3 gained con
siderable favor stnee, ene reason undoubted
ly being that there nre but two lines te each
sail the halliard nnd the sheet. The sprit
boom keeps the sail very Hat, thus maulug It
especially elfectlv e in windward work. The
very high mast is a defect.
Accempaii) ing this article Uncut of the
sail plan of ene of the most famous canoes in
cxlste-uce, the Xetus, which was designed by
Comtuedoro Gibsen.
Tbe material Is blenched muslin In one
width, tba edges being beuud w ith vvlde tnpe.
The bat ens lit hi pockets iu the usual man
ner. TIk- spars are very light, the masts 3 In.
square nt deck, tapering le J i In. diameter at
lieud, the main boom In. diameter, bat
tens )i in. thick. Iho dimensions of sails
and spars are:
Main. Mizzen
IX In n In
Mast, deck te head 13 9 8 1
Ball, en fuet 4 0 0 9
Along llret liattcn 8 0 0
Along second batten. 8 '.' ..
I.uft 13 0 10 0
Lcecli.teUl 14 7 11 8
lwcli, nbevrt hatten. ... 10 3 0 0
blueing uf battens, foreend. 1 11 1 11
(.pestal: of battens, nftcr end. 1 8 t,
Are-i, square feet . CO 0 3D 0
Tbe first reef leaves 53 feet In main nud 20
Tcet In mizzen, the second reef leaves S j feet in
main. The mizzen can be stepped ferwntd
nud a storm mizzcu mUcd. The luff of tbe
mainsail is reached 4 hu hes In 13 feet, mid
the lulf of the mizzen In tbe same piopertion.
The usual tuef genr Is udded. The sails ure
heisted hy lialli-irds nnd leuctcd witli down
hauls, the attachment te the mast being by a
lacing, ns shown. Tills lacing is similar te
the ordinary hammock or netting stitch, the
loop or inesli loosening us seen ns tbe halliard
Is cast elf, but ns the latter is hauled taut the
meshes lengthen and draw tlie lulf closely te
the must
A DercemlHiit of III Ian Hern.
The pelice department has upon iU
pay tell a patrolman named C. C. Con Con
eolly, who is nn IiUh count. Connelly
is it lineal descendant or Uriati Bern, vv he
wns one of the kings or Ii eland. IIe dis
covered his connections with the royal
family from the authorities of Uaivvay.
The estate, valued at JCe.000,000, has been
in chancery many generations. Connel
ly has been in communication witli the
Irish uuthetitic3 and thinks he can prove
his identity te the satisfaction of the gov
ernment and be installed. IIe is a sober,
bteady man, and has never lieen known
te crack n smile or jeke witli his hrethei
policemen. Les Angeles Express.
Johnsten ii rirliirm.
It was net be gieat a disaster as tlt6
flood at Johnstown, Pa., but still they
had plenty of water when tliu cleutl
mw
-5v5'
iiHryS
?
IMK&l
'ilimiWrnm
HULL'S StILL.
burst descended tit Johnstown, N, Y.
Fortunately, the less of Ilfe was small.
The rainfall did net last moie than an
BTEIVAUTS MILL.
hour and a half after the cloud burst,
uecotditigte the steriw cf tlie towns
people. Jehn I'urtell's Ut-tlreineiit.
Athletic eitclcs will be interested hi know
ing thnt Jehn Pureell, the celebrated all
mound athlete or laiglnnd and late of Aintr
lea, hai tetlied iei munviitly fiem amateur
athletics. Purrell took second iu thu nil
nreund champleushlp of America iu llte,
Htul did net visit this country nt;ain until
lest summer, when he went te Kan 1'raiicis.ce
te residu. He ceiiqutud iu the Pacillc roust
chainplenship Raines en .May 31 nnd wen tba
ele vault, but dies nnd putting the shot, anil
new rentes fiem amateur ceniiH-titlnu te
take the place of instructor te Iho Olympic
Athletic club. IIe was ntwuja kueuu ns
"Honest Jehn," nud bis knnvvledge of nil
ai eund athletics U of the Mud that will make
him nn instructor with mero than the aver aver
age ability
A I'aclfle Coast .lsecl.itlim.
A San Francisce ier sa)s the proposi preposi
tion te organize a Pacillc Ce-ist avstwintieii te
govern Hetting and pacing events, anil te ox ex ox
erclse ull the functions new enjoyed by tbe
National and American associations, Is meet
ing with great favor nmeug horsemen, nnd
tbe probabilities ure that nil the county ngrl
cultural societies throughout the stnle and
the Pacific Const Tretting Iloree association
will combine with kindred societies of all the
$tatc nnd territories west of the llecky
mountains in the organization of the contem
plated association. Interested nud efiergetle
jmrtles have the matter In hand, and circu
lars have bceu addressed te all Pncltle coast
racing societies, uskiug their co-cjierBtlOB.
VVhru te Tick Small l'rulis.
Pick small fruits in the cool of the day
Is the ndvice of Farm Journal. After
they are picked keep them out of cur
rents of air as much as possible. Don't
vcntilate the crates or baskets tee much.
If fruits nre packed when cool and dry
they will keep better in tight packages.
Tlie dealer who-as n let of atale berries
en hand knows hew te make them leek
fresh by dumping the baskets, se that
tlio:.e that have been nt the bottom, away
from the eir, will ceme up fresh and
bright nt the top. Let us learn a lessen
from this nnd net ventilate tee much.
j AhvmA Jf
Ars . .-
M?Mk $A f till
- Ai . f, tifet!' --.l-s'.
IUTS FOR THE CHILDREN.
SUNSHADES OF ALL 80RT8 TO
KEEP AWAV FRECKLES.
Different Stylet of Bate Tba Saa (habrella.
Vlj Dismw for Children Dfalgtu tat
Continue Ctcful ttlnU en Children's
Ktjlc.
tSpcclal Correspondence.!
New Yenu, July 18. Te preaorve lit
teo girls and big ones from freckles U
ene of the duties of motherhood, and a
very difficult labor It would be if it could
bu done, but it can't, and be they have
their labor for their ains. Hut that does
net hinder theni from trying, and hats
as big ns ordinary parasols are supple-
TO Kr.F.l' OFF TUB NAUOtlTY SUNSHINE.
merited by sun umbrellas, which nre
quite large enough for tents for the little
tots who carry them.
Some of the prettiest little hats for
midsummer sunshine ure illustrated in
this letter, and they are of btraw of
various colors, trimmed simply with
ribbons, though often hats nre seen with
flowers and feathers. Such nre for very
full dress occasions. Fer ordinary use,
ribbon trimmings are by far the most
durable. The upper hat ou the left side
is of white Milan braid or line Leghorn,
und trimmed by a bash of rich satin or
Armttru libben tied in the back iu tlat
loops. This hat can be worn by a very
biimll boy or a gill from "small te mid
dlin'." The hat beneath Is of fancy straw,
brown and white "stiipeel, and has a
full hew and loops of brown nnd drab
and vv hite striped ribbon en the left side)
and a smooth band nreund the crown.
The upper one en the right side is of blue
and white stiiped straw, raced witli dark
blue velvet, with a blue arm ure ribbon
sash und upright bow with ends. This
hat is suitable for children from 4 te 12
years old. The hat below i3 of brown
straw, soft aud flexible, and the front
faced with vclvcL A large Alsatian bow
Is made of brown nud ecru ribbon with
long ends.
The Run umbrella Is made of cream
colored pongee, with n border or three
bands of blown ribbon sewn en ever a
piece of black lace, the whele n very cf cf
tcctive pattern and n durable parasol,
which it needs te be for children's use.
Of course, thcie nre times when it Is
necessary fei a little girl te be dressed
up, for instance, when 6he gees te
church, when she gees te n paity or is
bridesmaid te her big sister, nnd en
many ether occasions, and for such an
occasion n prettier, daintier little gown
could net be invented than the Luta
tlrcss. This i3 equally pretty in ninny
materials and even colors. The model,
however, wns in cream white nun's veil
ing with the panels le the Kkitt uud the
vest mnde of deep embroidery. The
sash, culTs und rev era are nil of blush
pink tiieiru lihbett. Thu sash is tied
loosely ni emul the waist, partially ever
the hips and brought nreund te the back
where It is formed in n large bow witli
long loops.
Tlie design for this pretty costume can
be ultcied in bome ways, ene being te
emit the vest fronts of moil e and veil
ings and let it all lie of embroidery. The
basqtte iu the back Is quite plain and
hangs loeso from the skitt and the sash
is tied under it. The skiit is plaited all
around. White lawn, challies, cham
ber), saline, and even woolen goods, nre
all adapted te this pretty diess.
The little bonnet is of white ivvll,
shirt cd and dimmed with rosette of
narrow, pink baby ribbon, inside the
peke brim, and witli bows of pink moil e
ou top and strings of the same. If this
it'll 10- 0rrrS.VSJP-
'LUTA DKKSS."
were made of blue and crpam, or lilae
or coin color, it would aUe be lovely,
and exactly adapted te a costume for a
little bridesmaid
iilael: stockings ure almost the only
ene3 worn by boys or girU, nnd Newpeit
or Oxford bhees are worn for dress. Fer
every day use canvas Bhees or these of
russet leather are very ecrvie-r.ihle,
though net nt ull pretty. Stockings of
eilk te mutch the dress trimming could
be worn if for u wedding ei parly
OLlVi- IlAKl'liR.
A Hnrse Tliey Tall. .VI. mil.
Here'ts a cut of Hnggin's colt Salvnter,
thnt took the big Leiillurd stakes nt Meu-
&&&&
! HVT
KAl.VATnn
mouth Park net leug age. The sports are
sttll talklug or the peculiar circumstances at
tending tlie race.
liciisliau'i Ii reals.
W. Ilenshaw, tbe tenuis player, bns U-en
U-ntcn in a match en level terms only four
times: twice in 1SS0 hen hU vanquisher
were H. P. Lavvferd nnd O E. Woodhouse;
oace In 1S5-J. when be succumbed e W J.
Hamilton at the championship meeting, and
ence this year wheu t he same player defeated
him at Dublin.
.JS-I-
i
mum life
fit IlT75
var M
S'-W-"'.