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HISTORY OF RAILROADS
w
UKOM'IK nrKIUlKHHUIfB TlUK
aawtt e tii it mnitif r
fa'A
The llrgtunlng. of WMt Is N" n el Mm
Most Important rarters In Modern C'ltl-
Illation Th 1'flmlllis Loretuollie
and 1U Fre.ent Hurrener.
li'l'lie story or floored rlioiilienaoti's llle.af-
rt& one or tlie most striking nnil worthy
wliowmilwjeLtHolftnailo man, ami tlie history
li'J' tlie marvelous enterprise which he
rfvelveil should be mero than Interesting te
fin vsst ntiinber of iKiople he are dally em-
keytd by, and oilier who, directly or Inill-
p:lly, are dopenilent for a llvollheoxl ett our
lilwaja, whilst the thousands who dally en-
reiir improved nioue nl traveling cannot
"U te reees-nlra their Indebtedness te ene
fcli'lisenoble character ami praiseworthy per per
,nileranee should preve a stimulus te tlie
rf youth of tlie turnout day te emulate his In-
dnstry, thoroughness and thrift.
Nowcastle-upen-Tyno will ever te Justly
Htanil cifiervelly proud of tlie names el (Jeerge
nd Rebert Htephoniien, and It In no closely
wilentllled with the early history or the rail
IV (,y"l, ,ml l Ul,"k " welt te rtierish in
ami1' ln,,,t Uie memories or these moo whoae
Sinfs will iiIvmijh lie associated with the
knciiiimoneetiieiit or that gigantic enterprise,
intfblcli lias done no mueh te eniianrn the
"enrcat nodal, commercial and political Inter-
'""iJiU or (he oeunlry.
,tln the quiet and Ssoluded village of Wy-
Jim, In a lonely, liumblennd Isolated cot,
,,l JfliieU I vUlled n hnrt tlme bro, we Identify
(l,;iie birthplace onteorgo Stephenson, llie cel-
Klj'ery heTf w,e has made the world his
soflebteraml madalitiiianlf the benefactor, net
fmly of Individuals, but of nation. Ile waa
"Thern en the tltti of June, 1781, about tlie tlme
""when Lord Cornwall! was shut up In Yerk-
K tow 11 by Washington, and the American cel-
h'enle were llmlly Metered from tun lklilsb
, . 1 empire. Ill llrU eniployment was that el a
herd liey at two ponee n day. !' w0 w"1
. lovelilni during his o.irller dayi altendliiK
. vj the cows en Widow Alnslle's farm, bird-
" nestlnjr and mtsleIliiK IiH rUy eiiRtncs by
J Uie aide of Hew ley liitrn. Ills lilK'ieat am-
, bltlen win te be employed atoneotthenolKU-
uorlnjrcelllrlo and inanrenw oeiiir wr
weaoen And htm nccempanylnfc his father
thlther, wbore he stnrted work as n "plcker,"
te clear the coils of stenes and dress, at six
pence a day. .Shortly afterwards be was en
gaged todrlve the " gin " at lllack Callorten
colllery, and at fourteen jeara or ae he was
appointed nulstant fireman te Ills father at
Iiewley. Ile waselRblien year or age be be bo
fero !ih learned te read, but there were no
..beard schools In thoae daja, and tlie diaad diaad
Yatitapes under which he labored, the many
dlftlcultlna be had te contend with, and the
dearth of means all tend tolncreasetbe credlt
due te him for tlie indomitable imrHoveranco
and determination with which he accom
plished thsl task. Tbl iindanntedness was
the chsracterlstle feature or his llfe ; It
aheweil liHCir conspicuously in the erslsteiit
manner in which be se frequently wasleund
Uklng bis enehie te pieces Ter the purpose
el examining It and masterlnK Its detalls. It
alaoshennl ltelt In nnethcrand very dllTer
ent form In thn cemmunilable way In which.
when prmeed te It, lieleiiKhtand vanqulabetl
Ned Nelen. the colllery bully, at lllack Cal Cal
lerten. Nelsen left ills work for a whele
week te re Inte training whilst Htophensen
I continued at bis work as usual until the
1 evening or the dav appointed ler meeting bis
challenger, when he very coolly and uncen-
Ncsrnimlly kve him n thrashing which he
Justly drwerve'l. and no doubt afterw arils
(treUted by. There was no cowardly re-
sonrie te the pistol or the knire.
r"kSllIH MAHtltVIIK AMI KAUI.V INVKXTIONl.
On the lath or November, lb02, he was
married In Newburn church te Frances Hen Hen
dereon, te whom he was devotedly attached.
SJ I have visited the church, have examlned tlie
parish resister, and seen both their signa
ture Whilst living at Wllllngten quay, en
the banks or the Tyne, and working as a
brakesman at the lUllast Hills, his only seu,
ltebert, was born en the Gth of November,
1603. TLe Stephenson memorial schools are
new orected upon the Mte where the bouse
steed, and 1 have been allerded an oppertu
nity Ol lOOKlIlV llireuKU lliune mjinioie, mm
been privileged te examlue a very neat
model of the hoiise In w hlch (leorge .Slepbeu-
sonllvedaiidsjoiit n great deal or his apare
time In Intlle etlortate dlsoevor porpetual
motion. DeubtlOMi the otrert made In this
I lroctlen, though tinsueceasrul In attaining
veblwt desired, contributed in no small
rni tn mould and dovelon and Btreuglben
a natural mechanical genius. He aston asten
"' .shfxl thn Dltmeu bv attaclilnir an alarm te
ellt m, .,., i, ,.f ,,,.. ujufnhtilitn. vhl4n flutv I
ZV call mem early te thelr work .- "
liyln
Vlilnes. anil galnisi
favor ,.,,, ,,,
aSSicSI. "X c.".nJCP., "'i0, SlftVaW- "e
i en en
iuaed hla Irlcnds bi,, .? ,h. .,. ',,
sl1 I10"11 at..n5y the aubaqueeus Illtimr-
;..j . -,ruei couHhierauie sport.
spring " w -T v- alter ine uirtn ei msBenma wne
ile net lnreelJiP he thus sustained a less which
packet of ChU heavily upon him. He Boen after-
'iccepted the care cf an engine at Ment-
and at this time he also had n strong ile-
? J'jse te emlirrate te America, but iertunately
fjT for bis own country he waa tee peer te Bat
X lafy his longing te go abroad. I leper for med
i thit IniirTinv tn Mfinlrnsa rihI hark en font.
On tils return he was drafted Inte the mllltla,
and nearly all the money he had earned waa
pent in procuring aauuttmuie. it was eniy
whilst acting as brakesman at the West Meer
colliery at Killing worth that bis superiority
as a workman tiecame Known and his aulll
tiea as an engineer recegnlred. A new pit
was being Hiluk In the neighborhood called
the Ulgh pit, and after tlie works had pro
ceeded for some tlme alt further progress was
stepped by tbe men beluir drowned out.
After altering the onglne at the pit be as te
make it pump up water, which had hitherto
prevented the men working and entailed
upon the owners great expense and less, lie
was appointed englne.wrlght, and his fame
seen begun tn spread abroad. It was here
that he. in conjunction with ills son ltebert,
made the nun-dial which be alwaya took such
freat pride In pointing nut te visitors. I Raw
tnet long age; It still stands ever the cot
tage deer whero lie lived whilst working at
Killingweith. In this cottage Stephenson
invonted'the "tieordle" sarety lamp, be
valued by the colliers, and under the same
reef be designed the locomotive which has
revolution I red the world.
MAN OP NOIII.K NATUIli: AN11 rtUHCULKAN
HTKBNOTH.
nt wlf Uewasamanef neble nature and liercti-
Warn tlileaii strength, possesaed of n vigorous Intel-
imperil lect, with original and exianslve Ideas. He
Drep a I atonee reallred the great advantages accru
ing from a sound education, and seen deter
mined that his son ltebert should net feel the
same want which he had done, and accord
ingly apprepriateu wuat ue could spare from
Ids hard earnings at tbe colllery, together
with what little lie inade in the evenlnga by
repairlug shoes and mending hla nelgbbera'
clocks and watches, te the education of his
son, in order that he might net feel at the
same disadvantage with his contemporaries
tbat ha felt he had been himself. He was
never idle, but by close attention and keen
observation constantly and assiduously ap
plied himself te acquire a knowledge of me
chanics and facts wbleh formed the substra
tum of that power which enabled him se suc
cessfully te grapple with mere important
and momentous undertakings In after life.
During tbe tlme Napoleeu, with his army,
was overrunning Italy, and by hlsnuroerous
and brilliant victories excltlng the enthusi
asm of france and astounding the whole of
Kurepe, while Nelsen was proving the
prowess of the navy en the sea, and Moere
ant! Wellington were asserting tbe supre
macy C! their arms in the Held, young me me
Shensen wW quietly working and pre(arlug
i embark in it new enterprise destined te
overrun the world with geed, and te prove
even mere powerful than the sword in spread
ing cl vlllzatlen, mere potent than despotism
in effecting reforms.
EA.JU.V ATTKMPTH.
Already numerous attempts had been
made by various persons te adept the steam
engine for purposes of locomotion, but each
singularly failed until the Inventive genius
of Geerge Stephenson showed Itself in a loco
motive which he built at the West Meer
colliery, and placed en the railway at Kill Kill
lngwerth, en the 17th of July, 1811. It, how
ever, worked but indifferently until the an-
riqat'm of the team-bhut doubled It power
r -ljjp y. ,; i tffibiWoeBiMiimbU IswIm ftWuBtotnnauire.7ri hlthZ. ' u i
"-awwjxawiMTOW TiilWBftotutaliORnwibythsjmncnei.'s
THE
In tlie cost el working. It was at this tlme
lliatthe futuef the locomotive was decided,
and Its sitpreiiiacy evor horso-pewer estab
lished, though thorn was yet much room for
Improvement, and thn Inventor continued te
watch Its working with eager anxlety, which
reunited In pikIi one he constructed being
marked by Improvement In deslgn and an
Icerometit or lewer.
lie also made rroquent experiments In estl
mating the resistance by friction and gravita
tion which the engine with Its lead had te
ovorceme, and was Induced te alter the lay
ing or the rails and thn construction of the
w hoots se as te diminish it as much as possi
ble and attain it far greater speed. Though
fliere was mill a prejudice against the mleji
lleu of the locemotUo, It continued te work
successfully and economically, and It Is a
strange fact thatelght years elapsed before
tlie construction el another railway for the
transit of coal, and that was the Helten rail
way, about right miles in lenglh, which was
opened amid grout rejoicings en the I Nth of
Novembnr, 1S22. It was constructed under
thosuperlntendoncoor Htephonsen, and in in
tendetl tn carry the coals from that rich
colllery te the Ntalthes en the Wear, near te
Sunderland.
TIMOTHY 1IACKWOHTH.
Ne doubt soine Important Improvements
In the locemottvo must always be nssoclated
with the nnme or Timethy Hack worth, who
was a natural and true inachanle or un
doubted inventive genitis, le whom the world
it perhai mero Indobted and ewes mero
gratltmle and honor than has often lieen as as
crlbed te Mm. He was truly ene or the
pioneers or the railway locomotive, onepr
these who had te battle In comparative dark.
iims, unaided Iiy oxperloncoand unasslsled
by the llgtit which science and mechanical
knowledgo have since abed abroad. Hack
worth was Htephoiuen's most all e and
worthy contemporary and Huecefwlully Intro
duced many Improvements In the locomo lecomo locemo
tlvo and was tlie first te adept the mere
modern and sightly form. The Importance
of llmllng a new and mero extensive market
ler the dlspnnsl of the coal from the collieries
In the Houth Durham coal Holds had ler a
long tlme Ik en engaging the attontleu of
rnrtalu gentlumeu In that district. Heme
advocated making n canal from V est Auck
land te the river Tees, below Htockten. The
objections te this Kcheme were mnnireld ; the
loels required ler the locks necessitated a
much longer route, and doubtless the dllll dllll
cultyer working them during the aovare
rrests In whiter w,u net amongst the ln.ist of
thn objections Het forth by Its opponent ;
whilst the Immense dllference In oxpenso
was greatly In favorer the construction el a
rallwayer tramread.
Foremost amongst theso In f.tvnr of n rrfll
way was IMward lWe, of DArlliigleu.
Through his porseverance and Inlluonce with
bis friends nnd relations n company was
formed, thn preliminary Btirve.ts made, and
an application made te Parliament for an act
te sanction the U) Inget a tramread between
Wltten Turk and Stockton. This act was,
however, let, chlnlly through the Inlluentlai
opposition of the Duke of Cleveland, Karl ei
Darlington, owing te the proximity of the pro
jected line m ene of his fox cover. Anotber
session was loot through the death of (ieerge
III; whilst Parliament was assembleil In
mi.
tiie ftnsr ri'iiMi iiumvav.
Hut the promoters et this line w ero meu of
a character net easily In give In or succumb
tothetlrst defeat, and ao-erdlngly te Par
liament they went again. Thelr ellerts were
this tlme rowanled with success, the bill
pawed, and tlie reval assent was given te tlie
Stockton A Dirllugteu railway, the first
public railway In the world, en the 10th of
April, 1C!I.
Thn opposition, both In and out or Parlia
ment, was powerful and varied, and net
without ellect In Increasing the illillculties
and retardlng and delaying the object et the
promoters. A llttle tlme arter the passing or
this act (ieorgeStophonson, In company with
his rrlend Nicholas Weed, called en Udward
Pease In Darliugten, and olleroil his services
Id constructing the new line. Se ploased
was Mr. I'ease with his appearance and out
spoken manner, and he favorably did the two
Impress htm with thelr account of the work
lug of thn locemottvo at Klllingwerth, that
he undertook te bring his application bofero
the directors, and se ably did he support it
tbat Oeorge Stephenson was appoiuted
onglneerle the company and requosted te
reimrt as early as possible as te any Improve
ment In tliu levels or dovlatlen In the route
which he might have te suggest. Thore was
jet another ImiMirtaiit question In decide,
and that was the kind et tracllve power te
be used In working the line. Mr. I'oase was
already favorably dlsjioaed towards the loco
motive, but in erder te satisfy himself mere
thoroughly en this subject he determined
te visit Klllingwerth, and see It working.
He accordingly did he In IST2, and thore saw
the oinrine haullmr Its heavv toads of coal
with apparent ease, lie was atonee satlslleitv
with Its achievements, and agreed that '" y as
the best and easiest method of conveying
heavy leads rrem ene place tr jaiieiuer. ana
he pleaded its merlta will ''chadm Irabletact
that It was decided gUeit a fair trial, and
the soeeud act fe", J10 "f kt," anu Hsrilng.
ten railway ebtalnexl In lS'it, centalued a
clan" "inpewerlng the use et losemotlvo
. .uitvi iur inu cuti vu hih-u ei passuugers as
well as merchandLse,
MAKI.NII Till-. I-IIIST itein.
Soen arter his appolntment as clilef
ongtueerUoorgo Ntophensen rouievod from
Klllingwerth te Darlington, and at ence pro
ceeded in a businos.s-llke manner te make
the line, with his son Itobert and Joint
Dixen as his assistants. With occasional op
position, and after numerous obstacles were
overcome and many dllllcultles surmounted,
it was at length satisfactorily completed ; ami
nmldst the prejudice et Its opponents, the
great anxiety and oager expectation et Its
supporters, and with becoming stir and
rejoicing en the part el theso Interested, was
duly epened for public trallle en Uie 27th of
September, ISTi. That day marks an epoch
In the history of the world Irem which date
future oveuts.
erWfet
There is an erroneous Idea prevalent in
Amerlca, due, douetle.H, te some anachron
ism in record, that tbe Liverpool tV. Man Man
choseor was the llrst railway built. It was
n of. The colebratlon of the ju hi loe of the
opening of the Stockton ,t Darlington rail
way took place In the qulet "Quaker town"
of Darlington, en the 27th and 28th el Sep
tember, lS7t, and was en a scaln et grandeur
and inagnlllcence which became the groat great groat
nessef the occasion, llepresentatlves of all
the principal railways In the world wero
present.
Darlington will always be known as the
birthplace of railways, and must ever be
prominently chronicled In the page of rail
way history, and the honored name of Pease
as well as Stephenson, will always be Inter
woven with early records of the marvelous
enterprise which they se lendly festered and
worthily helped te mature. May Bhe long
continue te be proud of her position, and
hand down te posterlty, glided en her
escutcheon, and defended bytrutb,tbe names
of these men who bore the heat and burden
or the day during the many vicissitudes
which beset tbe railways when struggling
Inte existence. In the quiet burial grounds
at Darlington there lies mere of the dust el
the railway pioneers than In any ether
place en the face of the glebe.
TUB SIXONJl PU1ILIU RAILWAY.
The Liverpool v Manchester was the next
public railway that was made. Constant
delays lu the transport ei goods, and couse ceuse
quent Interruption te trade had awakoned
the manufacturer or Manchester and the
merchants of Llvorpeol te tbe necessity and
Importance of Beeking Incroased and Im
proved means et communication between
these thriving towns. Though the opposl epposl oppesl
tlon Was even fiercer than lu the case of the
Stockton it Darlington line, the projectors
eventually succeeded In carrying a bill
through Parliament, and the works were
undertaken by Mr. Stephenson. One of tbe
most prominent nnd Intorestlng amongst the
dlllleultles waa that of carrying the line evor
Chat Mess, a treacherous floating beg about
four miles in length and thirty-live ieet in
depth. It was en asoctlen et the line under
the care of his assistant, Jehn Dixen, who
afterwards bocame consulting engineer te
the Stockton it Darlington company, and
te whose humorous and Instructive anecdotes
It has elteu been my prlvilege and pleasure
te listen. The tunnel at the Liverpool end
and the viaduct ever the Sankey Valley were
also formidable undertakings lu that day.
SIEI'IIENSON 1KIISECUTK1.
The works were all satisfactorily com.
pleted, and the rallwry was opened with.
jmt eclat en the isthef September, 1830,
M M ll at. lilt
Wlluiim fiwi',i'fy'lMMi'l6wwilwimiirliiwwlLtr-"
LANCASTER DAILY
accident resulting In the death et Mr. llus llus
klsseu, ene el the principal promoters of the
line. Iu Parliament Htophensen was rldl rldl
culeil, abused and insulted both by counsel
and committee, and his sanity was openly
quest loiied. On the ground lie was threat
ened ami evon molested, and at times his
work was nctually htopped by the prejudiced
populace, and It was only by strabigems sug
gested by the undaunted coiirage and char char char
actorlstle determination of the iniii that he
was ni.abled te mtnplote bis survey, tmrtlens
of which had te be ilone by eld of a lamp
during the night 1 have heard the late Mr.
Dixen speak wlthprldoel the success which
attended this enterprise. During the construe,
lien of the line a large number of the direc
tors were In favor of working It with station
ary englnes, and strenuously oppesod the
adoption el tbn locomotive, and wheiftitoph wheiftiteph wheiftitoph
eiisou thought the great Hoheuio ei his llfe
about te be crushed, lie observed te Ills sen,
"matter gives me no trouble; I nan bend It
te my purpose! It Is mind which Is my great
dlllluully. I cannot engineer that." ethe
afterwards Hiieceoded In overcoming I is
dlinculty, and llie utilverse new yields te his
early conviction or the future supremacy or
tlHiloceiiiotive.
UAII.WAYS IN IIKMAMI.
Prier te the ejieulng or this railway all tlie
lieavy gixnls were conveyed betwoen I.Ivor I.Iver I.Ivor
peol and Manchoster by means of three
canals, and the passongers by ordinary stage
coaches. Tlie capabilities of the locemotlvo
bocame mere and mero apparentas tbe pro pre
J ltd loe which It at lirst evoked disappeared,
and its utility and suerlerlty as a motlve
lxiwcr were obvious te thn most Indillerent
and casual observer. KallwayH became In
great demand, and even the med sang ill no
expectations of Stephenson were mere than
reall70d. All thn principal manufacturing
and HeaHirt towns lHtcauie connected by these
Iren reads ; the North was Joined te tbe
Seuth, and the Kast exchanged commodities
with the West. They new spread like a vast
network evor the whele island. They have
given an Imisilus te trade and a Ntluitilus
locemmorce ; they have Increased our ship
ping and extende 1 our drs-ks; they have
multiplied the number or our collieries nnd
brought Inte roqusltlen vast numbers or
rolling mills andiron furnaces; they have
ralsed up towns and created new works;
they have opened out our mines nnd our
quarries; they have brought tlie manufac
turers Intocleier communication with the
merchant ; they save tlme and thereby make
money ; they havn beuelltled tbe agricul
turalist and enhanced thevaluoer tbn land
whose ownera llrst opposed theui; they assist
us In war nnd they help te proservo poacej
they have Improved our postal arrangements
mid developed our telegraph system; they
give employment te hundreds ei thousands,
aud they bonellt millions.
May net we then truly say T
Lay down your mils, te nations nevr and far,
oke your full trains te steam's triumphal car,
l.lnk town te town, and tn these Iren uamls
I title IbestmtiKO and oil amliatUcd lands,
t'eace and linpreveiiiciit round each train shall
sear.
And knowledgelUlit the IgnnrancttOf yere ;
Men joined In umliy shall uender leni;
That hate had power te lead their fatberi wrong,
fir tint file glory lured thulr hearts iwtrny
And undo It vlrt neus nnd sublime te slay.
Alnegst the mi morons lines that were
subsequently made, seme or the largest nnd
most formidable wero constructed by Qoergo
aud Rebert Stephenson. They both bocame
emlnent pi glnwr-", were much sought after,
undertook h av-y resienslbllttles, and
amasunl considerable fortunes. J.ulier emmit
t'lncit was undoubtedly and unmistakably
the Insiglnla Inscribed en their banner, aud
their works most gracefully Illustrate and
falthlully prove the truthfulness nt the
motto.
The llrst rail way built In the L'nlted States
was In Pennsylvania between llenesdalaand
Heelyvllle, connecting the waters of the
Delaware and Hudsen canals. On August S,
1S2I, the locemotlvo "Stourbrldge l.len"
built at Stourbridge, in England, ter the
Dolaware and Hudsen canal company, and
brought ever by Horatio Allet), was llrst set
In motion by that gentleman. 1 had the
pleasure of meeting and hearing Mr. Allen
speak at the I tall read Kxposltleu In Chicago
iu KSX He Is new Slyears or age,
llll. Iinl.OIVN IIAII.WAY.H.
(ieerge Slophenson was censulted In lay
ing out the Belgian railways ; he was Inter
viewed by the king and made knight of tlie
erder of Leepold in lS3e J a similar honor
w as conferred tijien his son In 1811. "Seest
thou a man diligent in his business be shall
stand before kings." In 1SI5 he was en-
gageu iu rviHirms iu tuu it-it-fiuuu ui luti jiu-
tKwed lleyal North of Spain railway Irem
Madrid te the ports In the HayorHlscav.,(Vdr HayerHlscav.,(Vdr
runua, I'errel aud BiliKU. butM'ls report be-
Ing unfavorable In lift, aonetne it was ulti
mately abandon" '- When engaged with hla
survey amcungsl the Spanish mountains he
sullqrsed hardships nnd caught cold, and
w 1 411st hastening tn England he was ol7ed
witu an illness which severely snoek his at
ready overtaxed constitution, (ieerge Ste Ste Ste
phonsen was no or ashamed of his humble
origin. When en a visit te the North many
years alter he had wen his laurels and raised
Iilmsoirte allluence, he one day observed le
a friend : ' l've been te Callorten, and I've
seen the fields In which I umm! te pull tur
nips for two pence a day, and many a cold
tlnger, 1 can tell you, I had." Thosamegcn Thesamegcn Thosamegcn
tleuian, referring te bis having drank tea
with him In his cottage nt Klllingwerth, Ste
phenson remarked : " 1 built the even in
that cottage with my own hands, and new if
I write a letter 1 get ten guineas for It, and If
I glve my opinion about a projected railway
1 rocelvo 100 guineas." I'prlghtand Just In
all his undertakings, his overy action betok
ened greatness. He was noble both In
thought and deed. He was of mild aud ge
nial disposition, with a cheerful ceuntenance
and pleasing uianuer ; genereus, free and
open-hearted, with evor a kind word ler
theso employed under him, all of whom
readily recognized and acknowledged his
power te control and dlrect them. Homely
In habit and alloclienato In disposition, he al
ways gave kind advice te theso who ueeded
It, ami always had a cheering word of en
couragement ler these In trouble ; though
be never failed te bestow blame or praise
where due. lly his kind words, aud still
kinder actions, he wen the hearts el all ; and
was cHtoemed and respocted allke by high
and low. Ne mail desorved mero or Bought
less honor than ha The strong leve for
birds and animals evinced lu his youth tiever
forsook him, and latterly he took great pride
and interest in the study and pursuit of hor
ticulture. INTr.UKsr IN Ml'CIIAXIPS.
He took a Hvely luterest In promoting and
supporting mechanics' institutes, an inter
est no doubt stimulated and IntensIQed by
recollections of the great need he had felt for
similar institutions during his early struggle
te feed his insatiable longing for knowledge.
He was several times otlerod knighthood by
Sir Itobert Peel, which be always modestly
refused. He lived te see the railways be
come the kiug's highway, as he prophesied
they would de, and died at bis residence,
Tapteu Heme, en the 12th of August, 184S.
He is buried in Trinity church, Chesterfield.
The mantle of grief thrown ever his remains
was covered with the honors of a grateful
and Admiring jieople.
Ills name Is wilt en history's page,
And ugu shall proudly tell te age
The triumphs that he wen.
HTErilUNSOVH CKNTKNAltV.
The l)t!i of June, 1S.SI, was the centenary of
bis birth, when due honor aud respect was
paid te the memory of a great man, whose
reputation needs no eulogy, the benefits or
whose genius we will enjoy and the fruits of
whose labors are daily Increasing and ex
tending. It is as tlie practical author and
founder of the railway system that tbe name
of Ueorge Stephenson is honored. Iu en en
deaverlng te establish an improved means of
communication between ene place and an
other, which he foresaw was going te be the
grand achievement of tbe locomotive, he was
desorted by the profession of onglneers, and
he steed alone te plead Its eause. Hut he
feared net the result of his convictions.
Alone he faced the ridicule of council and
couimlttee ; he was Jeered at nnd bantered
by men whose education and prolesslenal
knowledgo no doubt alterwards cauaed thorn
te blush when they found that the self-taught
colliery liey was right and they were wrong.
Htephonsen had tin object in view which be
attained ; he prophesied results which have
been accomplished. He fought the battle of
the locemotlvo against overwhelming odds ;
he dispelled the fears of the public, averted
tbe objections of his opponents, and ebliter
ated the prejudlce against railways with the
same ease with which he leveled the hills or
brldged the ravines which menaced their
construction ; aud it Is because of the suc
cessful outcome of his labors, the triumphant
Issue of his undaunted ceurage and faithful
pursuit of his object tbat the name or Geergo
Stephenson will be berne en tbe wings el
civilization te every new country that is sub
dued, as tbe railways open out and develop
the various resources, and as the locemotlvo
heralds the dawn of brighter times, the open
ing or fresh Holds et labor, and proves tbe
liarbluger of commerce, enlightenment aud
continued prosperity.
...a .i.t. ......-..
-urn mj?t a iMi-uuiAHl' WulUtB.
. werkma of tta meinrUnt areThe
I ei his son ltebert Stephenson's colossi!
I Zzlx ,"7 . "". iniperiAni are tne
rrM-, Ttaduet OYer theRiYer Tweed nt
lNTELMGENCEIi, SATURDAY, AUGUST 21, 1886.
llerwlck the Conway and llrltaunla tubu
lar bridges evor tlie Menal straits the Vic
terla tubular bridge, about two miles In
length, through which 1 have nflen cressed
the HU Iiswrence rlver at Montreal ; and
certainly, net least, his conception nnd do de
slgn of that masterly ami massive' structure,
the High Ievel brldgoatNevvcastlo-on-Tyno,
Theso I consider te be mero fitting, mero
lasting and appropriate monuments of his
skill than ollher the chisel el the sculptor or
the ponell or the artist could possibly pro
duce. He also constructed the railway be
tween Alexandria and Cairn, In Kgypt, 110
miles In length, and en which thore are
many engineering works or the most dllll
cult character, Including two tubular bridges.
ene evor n branch or the Nile at llenha ami
the ether crossing n very large canal nt
lllrket cl Sabre. The main line is Intor Inter Intor
sected by the Nile, en which he constructed
the largest steam fairy In the world, by
means of wulch the ontlre train, was carrled
across the rlver, The ferry Is new Biipor Biiper Biipor
ceded by n bridge doslgued by KohorlHIo KehorlHIo KoherlHIo
phoiisou, In which thore is the largest swing
bridge ever built. Since the iinfortiinate and
molanchelly eollase of tbe Tay bridge, the
Victeria ene at Montreal may be considered
tbe longest viaduct In the world.
Kebort Htephonsen was offered knighthood
by Karl Urey, but polltely declined the
honor. He was prosldent el the Institute el
Civil Knglneers, Londen, during the years
1850 and 1867. He was an M. A. el Durham
universlty and D. C. I, at Oxford. He be be bo
caeo M. 1 for Whitby in 1817, and held the
seat until the tlme nl his death. He dled iu
Londen, a comparatively young man, en the
12th of Ootelicr, ISi'J. Ills country learned
and acknowledged his great worth, and he
new sleeps amongst the illustrious cl Kng
land's dead within the sacred precincts or
Westminster A bbey. The sterling qualities
or the father were mirrored In tlie character
and career of tlie son, nnd are rellected In tbe
pages which record the history ei both.
Tin: K.vitr.v hay op uaimieads.
When the first railway was epened llie
public was far front seeing Its Importance
Or all the great rorelutlous of the age tbe
greatest Is that which began at Darlington in
IS25. Turnplke reads and canals nre allke
antlquated ; evon the Mississippi and the St.
Lawrence, much mero the Ohie, the Danube
or the flanges, have lest or nre losing their
Importance as highways or trade ; and trav
elers In civilized countries hardly overdrenm
or spending a single day en the reads or ilfty
years age. As regards men ei businesx, the
old stage coach has long ilnce sunk Inte de
suetude, though, perhaps, te the followers
of Mr. ltuskin, le pleasuro-aeekors and theso
te whose energies the world Is In no way In
Indebted for any advancement, improvement
or beneUt, it may possibly yet be a prefer prefor profer
ablo mede of conveyance, lly our Improved
mode of travetlng we are freed from the dan dan dan
gorsertho highwayman, and are protected
Irem the Inclemoncyertho weatber ; we nre
enabled te Journey much greater distances In
considerably less tlme ; we can admire a far
greater oxtent of country, and are allerded
mero froquent opportunities or change of air.
Thus we gain health, onjeymont, comfort
and time.
The primitive looking onglne. with Its top
gear, built at Klllingwerth In 18H, isnew su
perseded by the majestic looking machlne se
familiar te us te-day. A locemotlvo with Its
tender then weighed only ten Ions ; seme of
our mere inodern ones weigh as much as 75
tens. It was then feared that the locemotlvo
could net be built pewerful eneugh te draw
a lead up an Incline of 1 In 300 they new
haul heavy leads up n gradient of 1 In 30.
The rails in that day were " llsb-bellied,"
and weighed only 28 pounds per yard ; they
are new double-beaded and weigh about S"
pounds per yard, and steel ones are as
eulcklv sunersedlni; Iren ones as Iren Btiner-
seded weed. Tbe original r-jUj-ge-'taVeqif
nuiii luutari mis, -ci i ieet sVj inches is unl-
itjriil
luv',
luiuiij uui.-pieu en an vne important lines In
-ui-.anu, ineiigu it varies in omer countries.
The gauge of railways In Ireland Is fi loot 3
inches; in Indian is 5 teet u inches, and In
America It varies from A feet 8'a Inchen te 0
feet. The sauge of railways en the centl
uent Is mostly the same as the Kegllsh rail
ways, only the Spanish gauge being 5 leet 0
Incnes, creates n break with the French rail
ways, perliaps el political lmporbtuce nnd
slguillcance, though commercially Incouvo Inceuvo Incouve
nlont. The timidly alletted mte et s miles
an hour in lS2e is new eclipsed by
TltK LKIIITMNri-LIKi: M'lHIll
we new traTel M miles an hour. Instead of
occupying tvvolve days In traveling betwoen
l'dinburghand Londen, honorable members
of 1'arliauient may te-day breakfast with com
fort In LMiuburgb, or ev en farther north, and
the same evening bike part In the debate lu
the Heuso of Commens. Tiberius is said te
have traveled 20U mlles In two days, and
thus caused consternation. Te-day we can
travel mero than half that distance iu as
many hours.
Befere we can leek for incroased spoed,
since railways are becoming se perfected and
trallle se rite, 1 think one el the most Impor
tant questions that will have te occupy the
attention of our engineers is the duplicating
et tbe trunk lines, in order that the passenger
and merchandise trall'tc may be worked upon
ludopendont reads, thus reducing the danger
of collision and securing tar greater safety te
life. Of our modern railways I think the
most wonderful ami dlllicult te construct are
tbe metropolitan underground lines. The
Ingenuity displayed in avoiding the sewers,
the myriads et gas pipes and preserving the
foundations of existing buildings, at the
same tlme maintaining the necessary levels
for stations, is amazing and worthy of all
praise. There nre at present evor 35 miles of
this system or railways annually circulating
about 75,000,000 passengers In aud around
Londen. Perhaps tlie latest advancement
and greatest novelty In rapid transit Is evi
denced lu the
SEW 1011IC KI.KYATI'D HAII.WAYH.
There are new lour parallel lines et elevated
railway running north nod south through
the principal avenues ei the city, covering a
total length of about 40 miles. The project
was organ! red iu 1872, but tbe llrst of the
present system of lines was only epened In
1878. The rolling stock consists of 210 en
gines and 050 passenger ears. The rails are
at an elevation or about 22 feet above the
thoroughfare, and portions of Hare built as a
deck bridge, in which instance the running
lean produces a compressive strain, anu
ether parts are built as a through bridge,
when the strain becomes of a tenslle nature.
Where the Hues pass from one street te an
other at right angles tbodegree of curvature
is necessarily very quick, and te a stranger
ierms a noticeable and rather startling fea
ture in the route. At ene place in the upper
part of the city the elevation Is SO feet, and it
is here that the line describes a very graceful
S-shaped curve. On this portion of the read
I notlce Increased stability is secured by
rigidly bracing nud tielng each alternate
span be as te virtually form n Bkeleten
pier, giving n steadier and much safer
bearing te the girders ei the ether spans
and adding strength and elegance te the
gossamer-like structure. Nearly 00,000,000
passengers are unnuatly carrled en the
elevated railways, y leldiug a revenue of ever
0,000,000. The making et the electrical rail
way between l'emush aud the Giant's Cause
way, in Ireland, marks a new ero. lu the
history of locomotion ; and though it is an
exceedingly dlllicult task as yet te evon esti
mate the probable results, It must be admitted
that electricity is destined te play a most
premiueut part as a meter power in the
nat atl.i la QA fui, ...! I,
luture.
Tl!Ut ANIl NOW.
lly the progress of railway onterpriso we
may estimate tbe advancement of nil our
social aud commercial reformers. The few
miles ei railway originated in Darlington
have grown lute the almost fabulous number
or 210,000 tulles in Kurope and America
alone. The railways In Kngland tcAday
comprise ever 18,000 miles, nud are worked
by l.l,2i'0 locomotives, and 450,123 carriages
aud ethor vehlclea, with an auniial working
expenditure of 1GO,5UO,000. They have a
paid-up capital of M,050,000,000, and they
annually carry 000,000,000 passongers, and
about 220,000,000 tens of preduce and mer
chandise, and yield a gross annual rovenue
of 308,000,000. In 1877 the roveuue reached
uearly Mia, 000,000, and Incroased 60 jier cent.
since 1st)'., In Kurepe there are 102,'joe miles
of railroad, viz.: Germany, 10,000; Great
Hrltatn, 18,000; France, 17,000; Ilussla, 15,100;
Austria, 11,550; Italy, 5,000 Spain, 3,800;
llelgium, 2,450; Switzerland, 1,700 ; Helland,
1.300; in ether states. &000 miles. Thev
have iudeed made rapid and unparalleled
progress. In America, In face of the niagnl.
I ncentwatorcernmunlcaUonwlilcli nature Jim
favored tills country, thore are te-day about
128,000 mlles (dlllerent tneasurotnent) of
railway, opening nut and doveloplng Its vast
and varied resources. Invested In these
read are about 8,000 000,00a On this conti
nent they may le Bald te connect the Atlantic
with the I'aelllc. Our railways knew tin
boundaries ; they Hpan the mlghtyjchasm and
cress the bread oxpanslve rlver; they pene
trate te the Intorler of thn earth, nnd climb te
the summlter mountains ; Indeed, the haunts
of the locomotive are In every direction. It
annihilates distance. It has already dis
turbed the peaceful seclusion nl the Mermen
settlers In Utah and Salt Iike City, and It
carries the hepeful ndventurer ever the
gorges of the Vosemltn Valley te the ence
rich geld Ileitis or California. The railway
navvy is already at work In China, but the
future or the onterprl'o In that populous
country I dare net anticipate.
A line Is projected through llie Huphrates
Valley, and It may yet be the lotel seme or
us te hear Ibe Mirlll shriek of the locemo.
tlve a It breaks the Bacred silence of the
Hely Mnd. Hallways will yet lw the mode
of carrying Orientalists te Jerusalem and
Babylon, and ceuvevlng the antiquary te the
ruins of Nineveh. Only In te-day's paper 1
read of a proposed hersn-rallway irem Jeru
salem le the Mount of Ollves.
It is no doubt easier te rovlew the past than
te anticipate the luture ; but let us hepe that
the advancement In our railway system will
at least equal If it docs net exceed, tbe lm-
rrovemonts made since Its Initiation In 1S25.
think we will net go far wrong If, In con
templating tbe objects around us, we aim at
the progress of nrt and rclence. We live in
the age of pregress, and may say
lltesslngs en science, and her handmaid ateim t
'Ihev make Kutoplaenly halt a dream.
And show thn fervor of capacious soul.
Who wstch the bill of progress as It roll,
That all n yet completed or bi-gun,
Is but tbe dawning that precedes the sun.
CliAitt.r.s Mac-Nay.
August II, 1SS0.
TltK COST UP VltlHK,
Tlie Magnitude l the Itnrdru the Natien Has
te Carry.
Frem the International lirceid.
Ne doubt thore are many who think
that Interest In the care of tbe
tbe criminal and tlie unfortunate Is an Idle
nonunion', mero credltable te the heart than
te the head of him who feels It, or at least
that this Is amatter with which men In or
dinary llfe have no concern, The growth of
a spirit el indllforeure te llie whele subject Is
prometod by our system of local solf-gevorn-mont
and divided authority. If the budgets
for the support of Institutions deveted te the
care of these classes could be consolidated,
and the actual amount of the drain upon the
poeplo or the country which they Involve
wero known, popular Interest In them would
recolven sudden Impulse It is pltlable te
think that human nature is se gross that
financial consIderntlonH have mero weight
than nny ethor. lint inasmuch as dollars
and cents are a universal language intelllgi intelllgi
bie te everybedy, we will try te elve our
readers some Idea of the magnltude el the
bunion which the nation has te carry by re
ducing it te a money standard.
Four hundred and tllly thousand insane,
Idiotic, deaf, blind, pauper or criminal Inhab
itants of the l'nlted States cost ier their an
nual maintenance probably net less, en tbe
avcrage, than 175 each, directly or Indirectly,
or let tis say 575,000,000 In the aggregate.
Seventy-live million dollars Is a per capita
tax or ?1 ,)0 en every man, woman nnd child
in America, which we pay almost without
our knowledgo. At 3 per cent It Is the Inter Inter Intor
est en $2,500,000,000. And what Is J2,500,000,
000 ? When tbe census or USO was taken the
national debt et tbe United States was J2.12C,
115, TT0. The Investment In the debt did net
equal the permanent Investment In nilsror nilsrer nilsror
tune and orime reprosentod In the returns
or the delectlve, dependent nnd delinquent
classes.
The total permanent investments by the
railroad corporations', Including construction,
equipment, lands, btecks, bends, telegraph
lines, etc., were fu,IQ,Hj,S0iI. ur invest invest
ment In crime and misfortune was about half
et that In railroads. The amount Invested In
railroads Is about equivalent te the valuation
et tbe yearly products of manulacturers,
which was ropertcd at ?5,3G9,579,1DL Were
ene-half of all the moneys recelved by manu
facturers in any single year te be set apart as
a spey ?,nrd ra. ifi.rare u" "i-v-v;.
and unfortuuate nnd Invested aid per cent,
the whele of the luterest recelved would be
abserbed. The valtte of farm products is net
quite half that et manufactured articles ; It is
J2, il7,53S,He8. The whole of the farm pro
ducts of the United States for one year would
net be mero than sulllclent for the creation
of tbe fund suggested.
The assessed valuation of tbe state of New
Yerk In IsSO was 2,115 1,010, 000, or no greater
than tbe amount of capital required ler the
care of our unfortunates nnd criminals. The
assessed value or the six New England
Ktatcs was 2,052.000,000. All of New .Eng
land, with her cities, her mills aud her banks,
would net be mero than eneugh te appropri
ate te this special purpese, II the capitaliza
tion or this expenditure were it ncressity.
Ilrntlng a Hetel-Keeper.
i'reiu Henry Wattcr3ea's Lottertetho Courier
Journal.
A friend of mlne tbe etluir day came te set
tle ler bis night's lodging at a bedbuggy llt llt
teo hele In the wall near the railway station
here lu Noufchatel culled the Hoteldos Alps.
In addition te tbe charge for apartrnent, ser
vice, light", .Vc., was the Hern " uu dejeun
er." lwill put It Inte plain Kugllsb that
which lollewed :
" Hut 1 didn't order any breakfast."
" That was no lault of the house, Mon
sieur." " De you mean te tell me that you wish te
charge me for breakfast 1 neither ordered or
ate ?"
" The breakfast was prepared all the same,
monsieur."
" Yeu pretend that you provide regular
table d'bote breakfast overy morning and
cbaree for it vvbotiieryour gnosis take it or
net ?"
"Yes, monsieur. See the menu ? Here It
Is," and the llrnt, yet pollte landlord pro
duced bis regular "a la carte." My friend
turned It upside down. Then lie carefully
perused it. Then he said :
"Hew much or this de you sorve as your
regular breakfast?"
"Anything you like, monsieur."
" ery well. Iieceipt tbe bill, and, as I am
te pay for a breaklast, please Ged I will eat It.
Bring me a llllet of beef, with mushrooms, a
hall chicken grllle, u rum omelet and a pint
of Chablis. 1 shall watt ever uutll tbe next
train."
Mine host or the Hetel des Alps looked
tlrst stupefied nnd then disgusted, and, finally
grasping the situation, he ran Inte his etllce,
nltored his bill In conformity with the facts,
and, hurrying back, cried : "Here, monsieur,
here is your bill, qulte correct six francs
thlrty-tlve centimes and you will Just have
tlme te catch your train."
Civilisatien Marching Westward.
The civilization of the Kast, says the face
tious Kstolllue (Dakota) Hell, is rapidly
penetratlng tills country. Newhere is it
mero neticeable than lu a certain Dakota
town near the Mentana line, in which the
leading hetel has the following posted con
spicuously en the head et the bedstead in
each room ;
; (uesU Are Requested te
: liKMev'K tii m it bi'Uita :
; llEVOIlK ltKTIMMI, ;
TWO VIKIVB.
A woman walking the street adewn
Saw nt the casement glint the gown
Of a mother, meek, whose little son
Had died with his child toys Just begun,
Andltsmote te her heart, for well she knew
What uiothcr-levo with a llfe may de t
And she said, " Peer soul I hew sad that she
Should leso the child In his grace and glee I"
rer she thought of her boy that lived te-day,
Though man grown new and tar away.
ll.it the woman there In the window seat
Looked with a snille, net sad, but sweet,
And touched with pity, te tha place
Where she had marked the ether's face ;
And bliesald, l'oer soul I her child Is lest,
Fer new he Is only u man, sin-tossed I
Hut the boy 1 matched In his bright young day,
Hu hides In my heart a child for aye."
Jiichartl V, Jlurlen,
lie Ou Your Guard,
Bensen's Capclne Plasters ate widely Imita
ted. That is tha fuel. New, why are they Imi
tated t Becuuse they are the only porous plas
ter In existence that Is really trustworthy and
valuable. Bensen's Plasters at highly and scl
eiitllUully medlcuted, and euro in u fuw hours
ailments upon wlilcn no ethers have had any
elfect whatever. The public are therefore cau
tioned against plasters bearing the names of
" Cnpslcfn," " Capsicum," " Capslclne," or " Ce-
fniciu," w hlch aru meant tn pass for " Cnpclne "
pleaia note the dlrrercnce) and ulse against
tiusiuis uuuring me nuineg jienien'S," " uur
etc. When buying ask for Bensen's Ples-
ter aud protect veuraell
toy
r u iieraonel etauilna-
tlen. The genulue has the word " Capclne " cut
oriieroused In the body of the plaster ana the
"Three Heals " traieuiarlc en the lace eleth.
i
Stf -
MMIilVAT
I'Kivs UAiu viaen.
PERFECT HAIR
Indicates a natural and healthy condition of the
scalp, and et the glands through which nourish,
ment Is obtained. Whnn, In consequence et age
and dlnease, the hair becomes weak, thin and
gray, Ayer'a Hair Viger will strengthen it, re
store Its original color, promote U. rapid and
vigorous growth, and Impart te It the lnttre and
freshness of youth.
I haveuted Ayer's Hair Viger for a longtime,
and am convinced el Its value. When I was IJ
years et age my hlr began te turn gray. I com
inenced nilng the Viger, and was siirprlsed at
tlie geed ctTect It produced. It net only re
stored the color tn my hair, lint sostlmnlated
Its growth that I have new mere hair than ever
boiero.-J. W. Kd wards, Coldwaler, Mitt.
AYER'S HAIR VIGOR,
Beld by alt Druggists and I'errnmcrs.
Ir von xits scfrne from debility and less of
appetite i IC your stomach Is outet order, or
your mind confused, take Ayer's Barsaparllla.
This medicine will restore physical force and
elasticity te lbs system, mero surely and speed
ily than any tonic yet discovered.
Fer six months I suffered from llverand stom
ach treubles. My feed did net nenrtsh me, and
I became weak and very much emaciated. 1
took six bottles or Ayer's Barsaparllla, and was
cured. Julias II. l'aiiucr, Bprlngncld, Mass.
Ayefs Sarsaparilla,
Prepared by Dr. J. C. Ayer A Ce.
Lewell. Mass.
001a ey arugguis. nice, 11 1
alx bottles, a.
aunme3s
rriAKK SIMMONS
JL TOlt.
I.lVEit REQULA.
THE GREATREGULAT0R
Ne medicine Is be unlversally used as Sim
mons I.Iver Itcgulater. It wen l's way Inte
every home by pure, sterling inerlt. It takes
the place of n doctor and costly prescriptions.
It Is a family medicine containing no danger
ous qualities, but purely vegetable; gentle In
Its action and can be salely given te any person
no matter what age.
WORKING PEOPLE
Can take Blmrnens I.lvcr Uegnlater without less
of 1 line nr ilingerfrem exposure, and the system
will be built up and Invigorated by It. It pro
motes digestion, dissipates sick headache, and
gives a strong full lone te the system. It has
no eual as a preparatory medicine, and can be
safely used tn nny sickness. It acts gently en
the bowels and kidneys, and corrects tbe action
or the liver. Indorsed by persons et the highest
character nnd eminence as
THE UKST rAMILY MEDICINE.
If a child has the celle It Is a sure andnafe
remedy. It will restore strength te the over
worked father and relieve the wife from low
eptrlts, headache, dyspopsle, constipation and
like Ills. Uenulne has our 7, stamp In red en
Irent of wrapper, prepared only by
.MI.'.Kll.iN & CO , Philadelphia, l'a
angltmedAw
piXUAOSTED VITALITY.
EXHAUSTED VITAIITY
THE SCIENCE or LIFE, the irreat Medicat
Werk of the age en Manhood, Nerveus and
Physical Debility, Prematura Decline, Krrorsef
leuth, and the untold miseries consequent
thereon, sne pages gve. rs prescriptions ler all
diseases, uiein. xnu gui. eniy si.w, uy num.
scaled. Illustrative sample tree te all young and
mlddlo-aged men for the next 90 days. Address
1)11. V. II. l'AUKEK, t llulrinch fit root, Bosten,
Masi. myl7-lyeedw
"I HAY'S SPECIFIC MEDICINE.
TUE UUEAT ENOL1SU UEMEDY.
An nnralllngcure for lmpntency, and all Dis
eases that fellow l,ess of Memery, Universal
Lassitude, Tain In the Hack. Dimness of Vision,
Prematura Old Age, ami many ether diseases
that lead te Insanity or Consumption and a
rremature Grave.
Mtrr nil particulars In our pamphlet, which we
desire tosendfreeby mail toevcryeno. WThe
Bpeclfle Medlclne Is told by all druggists at It
per package or six packages for $5, or will be
sent free, by mall en the receipt of the money,
by addressing the agent.
II. I). COCIIHAN, Druggist, Sole Agent,
Nes. in and IS) North Queen Btrcet, Lancaster,
On account of counterfeits, we have adopted
the Yellew Wrapper 1 the eniy genuine.
THE QUAY ilKDICAI, CO.,
apss-iyd&w uuiraie. N.V.
TORN REMOVER.
.VHJTOKIA C0BN UEXOTEB.
WarrantedG. en(dteate ceffiifiSlSiyTittalu'-.
luen nine, ine most euauraie corns, nam or
elt, without pain. Sold by Oeo. W. Hull. Chai.
A. Lecher, JehnR. Kauffman, Dr. Wm. Worm Werm
ley, And. O. fir rey, Cbas. J. Bhulmyer, and at
IlECllTOLU'S DRUG STORE,
declMyd Ne. 401 West Orange St.
QATARRU HAY-FEVEIt.
CATARRH.
ELY'S CREAM BALM
Qlves Relief at Once and Cures.
COLO IN HEAD, CATARRH, HAY FEVER
ROSE-COLD, DEAFNESS, HEADACHE.
Net a Liquid, Snuff or Powder. Free from In
jurious Drugs and Ort.inslve Oders.
A particle Is applied te each nostril and Is
agreeable te use. Price 60 cents at druggists
by mall, registered, 00 cts. Circular sent free.
ELY BROTHERS, Druggists, Owego, V.Y.
luly-Blyeedaivw
QURK GUARANTEED.
RUPTURE.
Cure guaranteed by DR. J, II. MAYER.
Ease at once : no operation or delay from bust
ness : tested by hundredsef cures. Main office,
831 ARCU ST., fUlLA. Send for Circular.
tiO-lvdJkw
nURE FOR THE DEAF.
KJ Peek's Patent Improved Cushioned
Ear
Drums nerfectlv resteru hearlnir and nerferm
the work et the natural drum. Ihvtslbfe, com
fortable and always In position. All conversa
tion and even whlspers heard distinctly. Send
for Illustrated book with testimonials, FREE.
Address or call en F. 1II8COX, 853 Broadway,
New Yerk. Mention this paper.
lunolO-lyeodAlyw
VOAX
TO B. MARTIN,
WHOLSSILS AKD KlTi.IL DI1L1B IU
All Kinds of Lumber and OeaL
O-Vard: Ne. 43) North Water and Prtnee
Streets, above Lemen. Lancaster. nS-lyd
T3AUMGARDNERB ft JEKFERIES.
COAL DEALERS.
Omens : Ne. lis North Queen street, and Ne.
(64 North Prince street.
Yards : North 1'rtnce street, near Reading
Depot.
LANCASTER, PA.
auglMJd
pEMOVAU
M.
V. B. OOHO
has removed his Ceal OlBce te Ne. 155 NORTH
QUEEN STREET (Brimmer's New Building),
where orders will be received for
Lumber and Ceal,
WBOLMiLS AD USTAIL.
M. V.B.COUO.
ms-tfd
E
ABT END YAKD.
0. J. SWAKR & 00.
GOAL. - KINDLINGr WOOD.
Office t Ne. W CENTRE SQUARE. Beth yard
and oittce conuectod with Tolephono Exchange
aprll-lydMAr.U
WAXOBXt.
-WTATOHES, CliOOKS, Aa
WATCHES, CLOCKS, Ae.
SPECIAL BALE OF GOLD-1TILLED CASES
(Bess's Manufacture), hunting or open-cased
watch, nlckle works, 15 Jewels, stem winding
and setting (limited number) at 120.00.
Alse 75 In slivered hunting cases, same works,
at 17.50 each.
Great bargains In Lancaster Watches. All the
best Elglns aud ethers. Correct time dally by
telegraph i only place in city. Best watch ana
Jewelry repairing. L. WEBER,
1 v- Na W)i HerUl qumu 8treet
(Near P. li. It. Station.)
j- Spectacles and Eye Glasses. Optical
Goods.
rriu:
IB PAPER IS PRINTED WITH
INK
Manulaetured by
J. K.WRIQXT4IOO.,
awrid-lra WAvHUuiH,rmaiUlfUm,x
V - Crtr
- w.
- "$ ' ,
sasMMaakasasI
MAT,
amwm. V.
waaysjHBB --,
4 J. 'iaainiThi sm ! ' ua
w and II se a. m., and t-ea. (ten. fceeaiS Mfc. !
fceeand lo.-ee a. ni- ana i-en, Ma. step ajifNv
TJKAD1NO A OOIiUimiA MAtt.riiiAli
XV AND IIIIAITOIIUL AND LKHANON aSP '3
UKtiisrKitJeiaiTwii.V "f Sj
On and a tier SUIf DAT.MAT Bttth.Utf,
Til A IN B LKAVM kMAUINti '
for Columbia and LaeMr mi T.M a. in., JMta
iiuuii nuu w 111 p, ju. -,
Fer Qnarry vll lu at 7.SI a. m. M &10 p. m. M
or vmcaiea ai i.-a a, m. ana Ileus, te.
TIIAINH LKAVK COLUMBIA W
Fer BeAding at 7.S0 a. in ., 1MB and S.M n, m.
Fer Lebanon at 11.M and S. 40 p.m.
TUAINS LEAVE QUAHRYV1LLS
.V'
Fer lAneaster at H. and 7.18 a. m. and & p. ,
-.-.. "' i.in.
'""" r- iu otuEiKTii.sneaaier,)
Fer Beading at 7.V) a, m., 1140 and 8. te p.m. ,
Fer Lebanon at 8.W a. 111., 1140 and a.15 5. nv.
wij".!" I'lJNOB STREET (Laneuter,) S
Fer Reading at 7.40 a. mH liaeand 8.W p. in. In
ForJlanenatM7a.m.,lMaan4B.Mi.in.
a or quarry vllle at .M a. m., 4.80 and g.011 p. m.
ThAINS LEAVE LEBANON. - I
Fer Lancaster at 7: a. m., 1J6 and 7 JO p. nt.
Fer (Juarryvllle at 7.W a. in.
SCMDAT TRAMS. t
TRAINS LEAVE READINU
Fer Lancaster at 7.80 a. m. and 4.00 p. m.
Fer gttarry vllle at 4.00 p. m.
TRAINS LEAVE Qlf AKRYVILL.
Fer Lancaster, Lebanon and Reading at 7.1(1 a.i
TRAINS LEAVE KINS ST. (Lancaster.)
Fer Reading; and Lebanon at 8.01 a. te. and 6
p.m.
Fer Qnarryvtlle at lMp.ni.
TRAINS LE AV E IM11NCE ST. (Lancaster,) .3
Fer Reading and Lebanon and 8.10 a. m. and 4,01
p.m.
Fer Quarryvllle at 5.43 p. m.
. TRAINS LEAVE LEIIANON.
Fer Lancaster at 7M a, m. und S-.O p. m.
Fer IJuarryvllle at S-45 p. tn.
Fer connection at Columbia, Martetta Junc
tion, Lancaster Junction, Man helm, Reading
and Lebanon, see time tables at ail stations.
A. M. WILSON. SnperintendenL
PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD HCQKU
ULE. In effect from June 13,1880,
Trains Laiva Lakeartkb and le ive and arrive
at riilladelphla as fellows :
Leave
lave
WERTWAltl).
Parine Expres!
News Express!
Way Passenger)
Man train via Mt. Jevl
Ne. Mali Tratnt. ......
Niagara Express
Hanover Accorn
Fast l.lnef
Frederick Accem
Inca9ter Accetn
Harrlsbnrg Accem..,.
Columbia Accem
Marrlabnrg Express..,
Chicago and Cln. KX..I
Western Expreas)
XASTWARU.
Phlla. Express!
Fast Llnef
Harrtiburg Express...
Lancaster Accem ar...
Columbia Accem
Seashore Express
l'blladelphla Accem...
Sunday Hall.
Day Kipresst
IlarrlBbunr Accem....
Philadelphia.
Ijincaster,
iirje p. m.
4 30 a.m.
4'S0 a, m.
7.-00 a m.
M a. in.
8 se a. in.
Ml a. hi.
9:SS a, in.
HJea, iu.
9M a. in.
loop. m.
S-.10 p. m.
KM p. tn.
B:30 p. in.
7-30 p. m.
7:40 n. 111.
via Columbia
7:40 a.m.
via Columbia'
ii:)n.m.
via Columbia
viaiuu Jey..
x.10 pain.
4:40 p. m.;
B-40p m.1
8. V) p.m.
10-05 p. ra.
Leave
Lancaster.
8'Jua.in.
e-05a.ni,
8-10 a, m.
8-M a. nu
B-.00 a. in.
128 p. m.
2.-05 p. m.
3 00 p.m.
4-tvp.m.
10:45 p. 111.
1X10 a. in.
Arrive at
Phlla.
4-48 a, ra.
8: a. ra.
lo-aea.ni,
vUMtJe
11:44 a.m.
3:15 p.m.
&M p. lu.
5-45 p. tn.
JOp.m
9-.4Sn.rn.
e.u p. m.
the Lancaster Accommedai
.ti
en leavea llarrt
burg at 6:10 p. m. and arrives at Lancaster at 9M
p. in.
The Marietta Accommodation leaves Celnta
bla at 6.40 a. m. and reaches Marietta at 8:56. Alse,
leaves Columbia at 11:45 a. m. and 2-4.1 p. in
reaching Marletta at 12:01 and UA Leavet
Martetta at 3.05 p. in. and arrives at Columbia si
3.-20 1 also, leaves nt 833 and arrives at 8:00.
The Yerk Accommodation leave Marietta at
7:10 and arrives at Lancaster at 8.00 coaneeUn
with llarrisbnrg Express at 8.10 a. m.
Tbe rrederlck Accommodation, west, connect
ing at Lancaster with rast Line, west, at Sill)
p. m., will run through te Frederick.
The rroderlck Accommodation, east, leaves
Colombia at 12.-S5 and reaches Lancaster at iSM
p.m.
Hanover Accommodation, west, connecting at
Lancaster with Niagara Exprea at 9-JO a. in.,
will run through te ilanever, dally, except Sun
dav. rast Line, west, en ennaay, wnen nagg
will step at Uowmngtewn, coutes vine. Park
tkaak
nnrg, lib jet, nuzauei
erg, ut, Jey. Kilzabcthtewn and Mlddletews.
rhoenlv trains which run dallv. On Bnnda
the Mall train wast runs by way of Columbia.
Ji R. WOOD, General Passenger Agent.
CHAS. E. l'UUH General Manager.
l'AMKB, C
lyrr. gretna tark.
Mm n-n-nmxTA 1
T?A."Rjr-
j.-
reH
EXCURSIONS & PICNICS.
This park 1. located In tbe heart of the Seuth
Mountain en the Line of the
Cornwall & Lebanon Railroad.
Nine miles south of the city of Lebanon,
within easy dlstance of llarrtsburg, Reading,
Lancaster, Columbia and all points en the Phil
adelphia A Reading and Pennsylvania Rail
roads. The grounds are large, covering hun
dreds et acres, and are FREE TO ALL.
The Conveniences are
A L Alt OK DANCING PAVILION,
A SPACIOUS DINING HALL,
TWORITCUEN8,
UAGQAGE AND COAT ROOM,
PHOTOGRAPH GALLERY,
While the Arrangements ter Amusement con
sist of
CROQUET AND BALL GROUNDS,
BOWLING ALLEY,
SHOOTING GALLERY.
FLYING HORSES,
QUOITS, Ac, Ae.
Tables for Lunehers, Rnstle Seats and Beneliaa
are scattered throughout the grounds. A New ,
Attraction ler the Season of IS Is
LAKE CONEWAGO.
Cevering nearly Twenty Acres, en which ais '
placed a number of Elegant New Beat., and -;M
alene- the banks of which are nleaaant walks anal .'u
lovely scenery. Parties desiring It can preeurejfts
Meals at the Park, as the Dining Hall will be '"
under the sunervlslen of E. M. liOLTZ. of tha !:
AllOAflVII -. (lUHOMt allUVQ WUU VBgJJU M -s mm
spend A DAY IN THE MOUNTAINS can Had ,
no nlace se beantlfnl or affording se much cleas- ;: 'A
1 va T Iff kUff Iff AT fffVW.. aaW IW Sa" s '
ureas MOUNT GRETNA. $; -
flOUiiOAiuAitnu uniAae &A,bUvraiuuji . M
THE PREMISES. &$
viHiatvm uau )niui a miv svttuajt w r-si .
nlft Hall mail, will Ha rirrtsA (liraAt lAthA Prlr"r i
without chanffe of cars. !r'A
Xzounlen rates ana faU lnfoTmaUenoanlMi,
uuuuueu uiiuu iiuiim-uuu ia udu, it jjujiIsj "'
Asslaunt Uenerai raasenKer Agent Penruilva vm
nlAUnllrrmd. -213 Snnth Vnurlh itrMt Phiraiiia, i
phlAaOrtO J. C. JKNMlNGt). " t
flnni n A I. ltatlvsnaA I Jihennn ! it1
mP s ssMiiiMwm Avanaws m s -rt,T m
MAOUXMi
JLTAOUINERY, fta
STEAM HEATING
Latest and Most Improved v
ENSINES-Truiiet, Pertilli or Mturj, '
New or Secend-H&nd
BOILEB3, WATSB TANKS, BSPAJULtOftVm
MAcnias or ltsrArs Wern such
kept In Machine Shep. ,.
nirr n ns innssas y-.s
Ezra F. Landis.
rm
WOBKB-CS7 NORTH OHSBKY
LAaeitm. fa.
V
m
rAMASOLM e.
K
OSE BROS. 4 HARTMAN.
wu
$i
t
s4.oe piRflsd:
REDUCED (TO 4 fi-
$3.00. - S3.00.
-
YERYyiEST SATIN I ALL FINK SILK 1
i -
The Manufacturer.
s'
Rese Bres. &
14 kast rare
.:: , .iJg
QHORaKKRSkrT.n.,
Owpcnter, Groetnotor k
RISIDENCK-Ma H .Wl
SUOl'-XAST QRAKT ST,
UlZ ' Ullslllll 1
jTiT . . .. .. m"Jl.
galSr
92?:
it
,pi
fe-fi
K-i
m
m
I-,-)
- -,.
) ", d.. .
.-.-.
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