cjnarccpu. jimuiLL- ! ' T'--r " 'ia4Scxstt.rmzmm3sLttw?xrmc " ' ---nw'w' -1 ' j.Miiri -i. -, ,
ajMagMMW,lgSJ,qMJ.!MmJamJW-wj'j
, .JatWni miiHTTn !
Jut&M
fntelen&
LANCASTER, PA., TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 15, 1881
Price Twe O-ats.
Volume XVHNe. U2.
- .
j3BgsaHfiBEfieBfcfr'-jRgy;
CLOTfflXa.
JOHN WANAMAKER.
:e:
DRY GOODS FOR JANUARY .
If you cannot visit the city, end te us by
postal card ler HOUSEKEEPER'S PRICE
LIST and UXDEHWEAU PRICE LIST.
We till orders by letter from eveiy fclstte anil
Territory :it uinu prke-i cha'ged customer
who vlbit thcsteie, unit allow a;iiu privilege
of return.
The Meck include Die Coe !, Mlk, Luce-.,
Fancy Goods, mill gctivr.il eut!lt-i.
AND FEBRUARY.
Grand Depot,
GREAT SLAUGHTER IN CLOTHING.
GRAM MARK BOWI AT CENTRE HAIL.
Will be sold in sity days TEN THOUSAND I)OLI.AftS WORTH e!
HEAVY WINTER CLOTHING,
Without rejrard te cost. New is your time te secure a geed Suit et Clothing iereiy !ltli
tiieiiey, U:.id y-madc ir Made te Order.
OVERCOATS IN GREAT VARIETY,
Fer Men. Youths and Heys. Men's Dress Suits, .Men's ltu-ine-s Milts, Youth' '"nits in '.!. v
style. ItevV Clothing, a very Choice Vaiielv.
9- Don't t.il te cill and eeiirc some el the bargains.
MYERS & RATHFON,
e. 12 KAST KINU STREET,
wat ues, .rjstrjcLJtr, tc.
We have juat placed en exhibition about one hundred Oil
Paintings, all handsomely framed. They embrace a -wide range
of subjects, from the familiar Madennas and Hely Families of
the celebrated masters of painting, te the illustration of hu
morous scenes in real life.
Our collection includes Figure Pieces, Bird and Animal Paint
ings, Landscapes, Ancient and Modern Architecture, Ancient
Ruins, Character and Costume Studies, &c, &c. Classical, His
torical, Mythological and Ideal Subjects, &c.
"We have a number of very fine specimens of the sculptor's
art, in beautiful white marble figures, mounted en colored
marble columns.
"We take pride in placing these goods before our patrons, be
lieving that our community mitst appreciate our endeavor te
popularize a class of fine goods, that could net heretofore be ob
tained except from abroad.
H. Z. RHOADS & ERO., Jewelers,
4 West King Street,
EDW. J.
Manufacturing Jeweler, Zahm's Cerner,
MILL
Lancaster Watches, Waltham Watches, Elgin
Watches, Columbus Watches and
Springfield Watches,
In lield ami il er Cu.1. Key and Slt'iii-Windin,, at LOWLVT CAsII PRICK.
AN ELLC NT assortment OK
SILVER AND SILVER-PLATED WARE,
KXIVCS, FORKS, SPOONS, &i, OF THE UKST GK.YDES ONLY.
Manufacturing and Repairing Jew fly ;i p"iialty. Tine Watch Repairing given pi-reual
utteiilien. l. cry .11 tide sold or repaired guaranteed, ut
ZAHM'S CORNER. LANCASTER, PA.
31n.Lixr.Jty
NOTICE TO THE LADIES!
THE cm: VPKST, finest and RUST STOCK
MILLINERY AND TRIMMING GOODS !
IN THE
ML A. HAUGHTON'S,
25 North Queen Street.
We receive constantly anil d.iilv New Goods, and all the latent styles et Millinery Geed
and Divss TiimiiUuxtf. Alse constantly en hand a line stock or Crepe Hat- and tteuuet ; tine
Crepe Veil", line Crepe ly the j.ntl and at all price, and hid Gloves lu all sizes, puces mid
shadvs. If veu wish te And the che.inest anil finest lineef Fringes, Laces, silks. S.iUhk, go te
ll.VL'UHTO'X'N ter they keep the best stock 111 the city ; and if jeu wish te tlml the cheapest,
ti nest ami lest liucel hmbieideric, insert nigs and line White Laces go te HAUGHTON'S, for
they have the linest. cheapest and best line in this city. Alse, constantly en hand, the l.ugcsl
tock et Ribbons in tlii city, in all shades, prices and qui'litics ; silk Handkerchief, Cull,
Cellars Fai.ey Goods and evciytlimg ki pt in a tirst-class Miliinerv and Tiimining steic: and
it you wish te go te the cheapest and hcl Millinery Stere in this city, go te
M. A. HAUGHTON'S, 25 North Queen Street.
jky looms.
H01LER, GOLLADAT & Ce,,
1412 and 1414 Chestnut St.
PHILADELPHIA.
The general linprevenient in business the past year, with the piipcct eta eiy large in
creawil demand ler all kinds tif lire Goods, induced all Anieiicanbnjeitf of Feieigii Goods te
place iiutiiruwe order. This iw unicialiv thec.ie, m much se llmt, peihapswillioutexatf peihapswillieutexatf
Kcrataui, M per ci-nt. mere goods vrctv imported tb.in the country could possibly consume. As
n consequence, there lu been a great break in prices in :v great many fabrics, w iiieh we s'lall
tullvnu-et.
WE SHALL SELL
Fermer
Prices.
All Weel Aimuies
French Fl iiiucl "suitings
French Striped fancies (all
and Weel)
French J-hoedas (In all color)
French Brocades (ail Silk.
...$.-.
pO.VI
I.INI
1.10
jay.
.(i'l
die
and
..vi
.
1.10
i.:."
I.tW
Plain Fiench Plaidn
Finest Fiench Urectdes(in several
designs)
.:h
In addition te our elfering in the ube e
of which it is dilllcuit te meet the dciiaud, in
cloth and coieilug.
CLOTH
Miich Cleth Suitings (eiy desirable
loethi) ............ .$0.t.l
51-lnch Cleth Suitings (in all ceI.hh 1.10
51-lncli Cleth isuitlnjj l.l
FRENCH
Our make of tueje goods w e believe te be
coieib our
Krlncli Fi-cnch SIioeiIu.t
$t).87J4I
FINE CAMEL'S HALB:
Our assertu.enl et t!i se beautitul goods i still complete, from St.5 te S2.50.
Jwit received one case ! Camd'a Hair In Kveaing shade in very beautilul quality.
nan auu iij;iic iue, 4ti incues wiue, 10 sen at ai.xa.
BAREGE DE VLRGLNLE:
We hare J ust received ene case of this very desirable texture for Kvenlug liregecn, quality
Try superior, la Cream, Pink aud iAght Ulne, 37 Inches wide, te sell at 50.
This U the particular sea-en In which te get
and prepare HOUSEKEEPING DRY GOODS
Sheetings, Pillow Materials, Linens, Napkins,
Tewcla, &c. It if also the season for Ladies'
Underwear. The Grand Depot contains the
greatest vaiicty of goods lu one establishment
In the United States, anil exchanges or refunds
u-eney for things that de net nuit, upon exam
ination at home.
Philadelphia.
LAaCASTKK, -'Ea.VA.
Lancaster, Pa.
ZAHM,
STOCK Ol'
Lancaster, Fa.
CITY 1-j AT
rermer
J'ridex.
Ww sl.li
t amei's llairStripes
Itiecade Novelties
oeds.. .""
i..rH)
Freneh Fancies (very costly
i75
..VI
1.50
1.50
i7-"
1.50
j Kngl'sh Novelties
' Fiench Handkerchief-", Mpuaie.
, Ficncli Handkerchiel. squares.
I French Novelties
Fiench Xeicllicrf...
.73
.',3
..V)
geed, w e ha e seuniliue et veir rtieiw goeiVs
w inch we have a very choice assortment, both in
SUITINGS:
51-inch Cleth bullings..
.'Much Cleth suitiniis..
5t-iueh Cleth Suitings..
..TLSJ
.. 1.50
.. -J 00
SHOODAS :
the best in the market, and the usei tuicnt et
own selection.
46-incli French Shooda
.$1.12
We ia e
In Cream,
cLewixa.
A RARE CHANCE!
The Greatest Keductien ever made in FIXE
WOOLENS for GEN'Ta' WEAK at
H. GEKHAItT'S
Fine 'Merii Maliieet.
A Laige Assoitment el Genuine
English & Scotch Suiting,
bold during the Fall Sea-en trem W30 te S40.
A Suit will be made up te outer in the Kst
Style Irem 820 te Sae.
HEAVY WEIGHT DOMESTIC
Suiting and Overceating,
Keduced in the Fame propeitiou. All goods
wai ranted as lepieseuted.
The above reduction will ler cash only, and
tertile next
TIIIETV DAYS.
H. GERHART,
Se. 51 North Que3Q Street.
Special Announcement!
New is jour time te weenie bargain In
CLOTHING !
Te make room for our huge stock of Cloth
ing ler piing, new being maniitaetiiied. wc
will make sweeping lcduttieus thioiigheiit
our laige stock of
HEAVY WEIGHT CLOTHM,
lONHisriMi or
Overcoats, Suits, &c,
MEN, BOYS AND YOUTHS.
ODDS A N II END'S OF CLOTHING IX COATS,
I'AVTs AXD Vi:T, KELOW Cl-T.
Calleaily te seetue the bet baig.ilu.
9. B. Hostetter k M,
24 CENTRE SQUARE,
-i.d
LA.NCAM'Klt. I'A.
'JA.KPET8.
II
itiHKsT CASH l'KJCi: AVILI. IJi:
PAID FOlt EXTUA MCE
CABPET BAGS.
(,'urpets made te order at sheit netii e and
silt is tact ion guar.m teed .
It ire chances in Carpel te reduce 'eck el
ilSili,
AT AND KELOW COsT.
Call and 9-itisty yourself Ale, Ingralr, U:ig
and Ch4iiiiCarpetinalmeijtenillesSaricty ,:it
H. S. SHIRK'S
CABPET HALL,
203 WEST KINO STREET,
LANCATKU I'A.
f 1AK1.TS, Cl.l.. ,VC.
PHILIP SC1IUM, SON A: CO.,
MANUFACrOliY,
ve. 131 .SOUTH WATEIt &TKEET,
LCASTEU, Pa.,
W i-ll-knev. n M.inufaeturi'i of ticiiiiinc
LAXC 4bTKR QUI LTS,
:eUXTEIM'ANi;',
(;evei:li;t.
jilaxkkts,
CARPETS.
CAUPET CHAIN.
. STOCKING AttX, Ac.
CFV1031 IiAG CAUPET A SPECIALTY.
LAXCAbTEU FANCY
DYELNG ESTABLISHMENT.
Drcs Geed Dyed cither in the piece or in
tiurmeii's: also, all kinds et silk-:, Kibliein,
Linen, Cotten and Woolen Geed Dyed. Gen
tlemen's Ce it, Overcoats. Pant. Vcl. Ac.,
Dyed or scouted; also. Indigo l.liie Djemy
done.
All orders or geed lelt with u will nrcne
piimipt attention.
CASH PAID FOU SEWED
CAUPET It AG a.
COAL. . COAL.
Ceal el the best quality put tip expressly !e
family use. and ut the low est m trKet rates
TltY A .--AMPLE TOX.
YAKD-150 tOUTH WATER STREET.
i diMvdliSl PHILIP SCI11TM. SON .V t
CUINA. AJilt tH.AasWA.KI-.
"JAECOIIATKO TOILET WAKI' AT
CHINA HALL.
.TO DiuV-rcnt Styles et
DiXOIilTED CHAXBKii SETS,
In Medem and Antique cliapc ami Desolations-
Plices te suit all.
HIGH & MARTIN,
IS KAST KINO STJIKKT.
MJSVKt.I.ANM'.OUS.
ikaia MPKCUKuVrien
JT In large or small amounts, ffiier $3,0"
Write W. T. SOULE A CO.. Coiuinis-ieit Mer
chaiitfl. 130 IjiVniie street, Chie.ige, 111., lercir
ulirs nr-jvd
J HI IN'i:XTOMS.
"W. H. BABCOCS,
Atterney-at-I.aw, et Washington, II. C, feim
erly an examiner in U. s. Patent Olliee, eilers
his services us solicitor before the V. s. and
Foreign Patent unices. Carctul 'veikatlair
pi ice. Was associate el Jl r. Jacob stauller, of
Lancwter, until the latler's death.
flO-Sn-d&w
1EMKMiIi;U IF VOUARE ASUl'MiKblt
X, lrem yeui Kidneys or a Terjiid Liver,
KUDNEYCTJRA '
will leuiove all trouble. OCc. a pack. See
circulars.
KAUFFMAVS DKUG STORE.
HO-luid 11C N. Queen St., Lancaster, Pa.
u
Earn astrr I-ntrlltgrnr f r.
TUESDAY EVENING, FEB. 15, 1881.
THE ICE AGE.
' A THOUSAND
ii:ahs
1IAY."
Alii: AS ONE
Lecture by Prof. Gee. M. Philip', of Lewis
Uurg'Uiiiierslty, belere the Lan
caster Star Club.
Orerull the uertbern part of the North
ern lletnisphcie, geologists have found
the expefceJ rock. rounded and worn
smooth, yet covered witii dccji scratches
and grooves, i turning in certain dticctieus ;
large beds el' sand, and especially of clay,
eiten filled with stones also rounded aud
gtoeved, but containing no sea shells of
any kind. Seme of these stones have evi
ilently been carried bundicds of miles
ever seas and mountains, ethers are left in
large heaps high up en the sides of moun
tains. They are, geologically speaking,
recent effects, and at lirt various theories
were propounded te account for them, but
new geologists h.ive generally accepted
Agasbii's views, and asciibe these te the
action et an eneimdus mass el ice, cov
eting the whole country te a thickness of
thousands of feet.
Astonishing as this may seem, the
pi oefs of it aie very strong. Veu all knew
something of the present glaciers of the
Alps, these rivers of solid ice fiem ten te
twenty miles long, one te two miles wide,
and sometimes 00 feet thick or deep,
which Hew down lrem the mountains in
their beds.precisely as rivets of water Hew,
only very much slower. These glacieis
pioduce pteciscly the effects te which I
have alluded. Ge near te the poles and
you will lind them upon a much grander
scale. The whole et the north of Green
land is coveted by a thick mass of ice all
the j ear. This ice. Hews down towards
Hie sea in gieat glaciers, the ends of
which running out into the ocean, there
In caking elf, lerni the icebergs. Wonder
ful and intetesting as these glaciers and
their elfectsaie, time will net allow us te
describe them. I cut in this lecture only
try te show the causes of these great
masses of ice. But remember then that
theie is no doubt, and it is univcisally ad
mitted, that all of Nuith Anieiica lrem
about the latitude of Washington up te
the North l'ele, all of Lurepe down te
about Switei land, and in all probability
the net them patt el Asia, were once
coveted, excepting the tops of the highest
mountains, entiiely with a gteat sheet el
ice in .seni) places thousands of feet thick.
This condition of things pi ebably lasted
many thetistuds of ycais, the ice fiem the
iiiiciier slowly flowing en all .sides down
tewauls the uncovered country and the
se, aud by this motion, scoring and grind
ing the w hole face of the country. Te find
an adequate cause for this is the task be be
fe)c us te-uight.
Several theeiics have, of ceui.se, been
piopesed. One i that the poles hate
moved, bunging v.uieus patts of the eatth
into the Aictic legions, but it is new
known that te effect this would lequire
the shining of incredible masses et the
eat tit. We can discover no adequate
cause of such meemenls, nor have we
any evidence that they have taken place.
This theory must thereto) e be abandoned.
Hut Dr. James Ciell, of the government
geological survey of Scotland, has lecent
ly weiked out a teraaikable theeiy of this
matter, which geologists and asttouemos
alike seem te be accepting a3 the true one.
It is te this theety that I would call jour
attention te-inght.
J very one heie knows that the annual
path of the llaith around the Sun is net a
circle with the sun iu the centre, but au
ellipse with the sun at one focus, se that
the cat th is neater the sun at one time of
year than at another. At pit-sent thee.nth
is neatest te the sun at the 1st of January,
aud faithest oil" at the 1st of July, the dif
ference new being a little mere Allan 15,000,
000 miles. On this account the earth re
ceives 1-13 tueie heat from the suu ou the
1st of Janu.uy than en the 1st of July.
But this ellipse. ; net always the same, ou
account of the attractions of the ether
planets. New it is approaching nearer
and nearer te a citcle and will continue te
de se for 21,000 ycais, when the dilletence
between its greatest aud least distances
fiem the sun will be euly(i00,C00 miles.
Then it will again become meie and meie
ccccntiic or ll.ittesed, until it i cty
much meie se than new. Tiiie change, you
must remember, i cxlicmcly slew, a life
time or even a thousand years, makes
scatcely a perceptible change in the shape
of the cai ths path. These vibrations in
the shape of the earth's eibit arc iueeu
lar both in their extent aud in their dura
tion, both of these have been calculated
for millions of years past and te come.
When the eibit is the me-t eccentric pos
sible, the earth w ill every yen go nearly
0,000,000 of miles farther from than the
sun than new, aud it will then be ever 14,
000,000 of miles nearer te the sun in one
pait of the )ear than at another. The
earlh would then get, when faithest from
the sun, 1 3 leas heat than when farthest
off new, and when nca)cst, 1-5 meie than
we get. The difference between its own
cti erne., then will be about double that.
Tliis condition was almost fulfilled 830,000
e.u.5 age.
Oui'.summci.saml winteis depend new
net upon our distance from the .suu,
although this medilics both, but upon the
inclination or the slant that the sun's lays
have. At piescnt, and for some thou
sands of ycais past, whenever the caith
comes te that pait of its orbit that is
neaicst tethe sun, our pDle and hemis
phere ai e turned from the sun. for the
e.nth's axis is always jiarahel te it.self, as
we say. or always leans iu the same diiec diiec
tieii. But this direction of the caith's
axis is net invariable. Owing chiefly te
the attraction of the sun and moon upon
the equateiial parts of the earth, the axis
of the earth swings slowly around, caus
ing what is known as the pioccssien of the
equinoxes, and it takes the axis about
21.000 yeats te make a complete revolu
tion. In about 3,000 years from new the
ax)s will have turueM through of a revo
lution, and our pole will be turned most
dh ectly from the sun three mouths befeie
the caith is in the nearest part of its orbit,
then we shall be nearest te the sun in the
sjning aud faithest from it in the fall.
Anether 3,000 yeats, and our pole
will be tinned fiem the sun when
the caith is farthest off, thus giving us
our winter at that time, and our summer
when we aie neatest te the suu. This is
the piescnt condition of things for these
living south of the equator. Aud 10,000
years hence our summer will be somewhat
hotter and our winters colder from this
cause. Yeu see then that our winter and
summer distances from the suu alternate
about every 21,000 years. Fer hall that
time we of the northern hemisphere arc
nearer the sun iu our winter than iu our
summer, for the ether half of that time
this is exactly reversed.
The present telatien of our summer aud
winter te our varying distance from the
sun is, se'far as wc can see, simply acci
dental ; it is our geed luck. Although it
is net se much te our advantage te be en
one side of the equator rather than en
the ether, new, as it would have been
200,000 years age, or as it may be some
time in the future.
Let us see hew these have brought about
the glacial epochs. Suppose that the
earth's orbit was at its maximum of ec
centricity, that it was most flattened ; and
suppose also that the axis of the earth was
se peiuted as te give us our summer when
nearest te the suu and our winters would
then be 36 days longer than our summers.
Moreover, we should then be nearly 9,000,
000 miles further from the sun in winter
than iu summer. This would give us 1-5
less heat fiem the suu in winter than we
new get, and would make our winters
very much colder than at present. All the
waterfallingfrem the clouds upon theNerth
Temperate zone during thus long winter
would be iu the form of snow ; our annual
snow-fall would be vastly increased. On
account of the intense cold this would net
melt, but would accumulate during the
whole of the long winter. Although our
sheit summcis would be as much hotter
than our present ones, as our winters
would be colder than they are new yet they
would net be able te melt all the snow
that had accumulated. Because the great
heat would cause great evaporation from
the ice aud snow, this vapor chilled by
contact with the cold air and the ice and
snow, would cause almost constant dense
fogs, which would partly protect the snow
from the sun's power, and thus hinder its
melting.
North Greenland is new covered with
snow and ice all summer, yet se long are
the days there that if it were net for the
mass el snow tnc summers there weuiu
be as warm as these of England. While
iu fact dui ing the whole summer the torn tern
peratuie of the air is only one or two de
giees above the freezing point, because
such a muss of snow fulie during the win
ter, that, the summer, het as it is, cannot
melt it all. The rays of the sun there
have been known te actually melt the
pitch from the side of the ship, while the
tcnipciature of the air was far below the
freezing point ; iu the sun's rays the ther
mometer has steed above a hundred de
vices, while iu the shade it steed twelve
degrees below the freezing point. I n the
southern hemisphere this is still mere
marked, the island of Seuth Georgia,
which is in the same latitude as the centre
of England, has perpetual snow descend
ing te the very beach.
.Moie'snow, then, would fall in the long
winter than would be melted in the short
summer, there would consequently be an
accumulation of the snow from year te
year, se that all the land of the northern
hemisphcte, far down from the pole would
be continually covered by a mass of snow.
Pressure always turns snow into iee, aud
just as new iu the Alps the upper snow
presses the snow below it into ordinary
ice aud thus forms the glaciers, se this
great sheet of snow would be turned into
ice. coveting the whole country continually.
1 hit it is net claimed that this would be
suiiieicut te cause directly the great age
of which I spoke when I began, when ice
ceveied the country for thousands of
years te the depth of thousands of feet.
But new a new set of agents comes into
play, tl3 great ocean currents, and it is
the changes iu these produced by the con
ditions named, that arc the great causes of
glacial epochs. Most intelligent people
have some idea of the great beating power
of these eeeau currents.
It is pretty well known that the Gulf
Stream, fich fiem the torrid zone, se
moderates the climate of Europe, that
Londen, away north even of the Canadian
cities, has a winter much milder than
yours in Lancaster, that although we are
fuither south than Keme aud Constanti
nople, yet we must go te Flerida te find
a corresponding climate and productions.
Still, unless one investigates the subject,
he doesjuet realize the influence et these
currents. Dr. Crell shows that a low es
timates makes the Gulf stream supply the
Neith Atlantic ocean with 1-3 of all the
heat it gets. This great current of warm
water by carrying such vast quantities of
heat fiem the equator into ene zone, con
fers indeed a double blesing, it greatly
lowers the temperature of the equatorial
region?, which would otherwise be un
cndurably het, aud greatly raises the tcm tcm
peratme of our temperate zone, much of
which would otherwise be exceedingly
cold. Weie the currents of water and air
from the equator te be stepped our aver
age temperatuie would probably be
lowered 20 while that of Londen would
be lowered 40, cither of which would be
a very disastrous change. In short, with
out tlic ocean currents, a very large part
of the earth would he absolutely unin
habitable. Wheu the earth's orbit is very eccentric,
and our hemisphere has its winter when
farthest from the sun, we would see that
all the upper part of this hemisphere would
be covered with ice and snow continually,
while the ether hemisphere would net be a
great deal colder than the equator. The
great differcuce between the temperature
of the equator and the northern hemis
phere would make the winds from the
north very strong, while en account of the
small difference in temperature, the winds
fiem the south would be feeble. The
stteng winds from the north would flew
some distance across the equator before
they would be turned te the west, hence
the equatorial current would be moved
some distance te the south. It would then
strike the coast of Seuth America below
Cape St. Iteque, and consequently be
turned down into the southern hemisphere,
carrying Us enormous supplies of heat
with it, and heating up still mere that
warmer hemisphere, giving it almost a
tropical temperature, down te the Seuth
Pele.
But upon our hemisphere the effect
would be disastrous. With the less el the
heat fiem the gulf stream, our tempera
ture, low before, would bj again greatly
lowered. The changing of the great
Pacific current would assist in producing
the same result. New still less of the
freshly fallen snow would melt in the
short, cold summer, and upper return
currents of air as strong as the cold under
currents would bring back great quanti
ties of moisture from the equator, all of
which would be condensed, thus greatly
increasingihe snow-full, which, acccumu
latinir for centuries, would arise, be piled
up mountain high ever all the upper part
of the North Temperate Zene.
This vast sheet of ice seems once te have
? extended in this country as far south as
the cityel Washington; where we new are
the depth probably was net se great as
farther north. In Europe, which seems
always te have a milder climate than ours,
the ice sheet did net extend se far south as
it probably did net en our western coast.
Comparatively little difference as there
new is between the northern and southern
hemisphere, still the trade winds fiem the
southern and colder hemisphere are con
siderably stronger than these from the
north, most of it .being upon our side of
the equator ; se that new the greater part
of this current, striking Seuth America
north of Cape St. Reque, is turned into
the Gulf stream, thus giving us the lien's
share of the warmth thus distributed.
I have already spoken of the unquestion
ed evidence of this great state of cold, bnt
the evidences el a very high temperature
in high latitudes which was bad there
when tl.e ether hemisphere was encased in
ice are fully as strong. Far up in Green
land and ether regions near the north pole,
extensive coal beds and pertified forests
have been found. New such vegetation
cannot grew within many hundreds of
miles from that vicinity. Many varieties
of fossil shells are also found there, which
could only have lived in warm seas. Yeu
have heard of the mammoth feuud pre
served in the ice of Siberia, far north of
where such animals could new exist.
As the cold would increase in the south
ern hemisphere, it would gradually become
covered with ice reaching its severest
state in 3,000 or 6,000 years and subsiding
for as many years, during all of which
time our hemisphere would have its long
summer, when tropical plants grew all
around Lancaster. Thus a glacial epoch,
instead of being one continuous stretch of
intense cold, was an alteration every
10,000 or 12,000 years from a very high
temperature te a very low one, or rice
versa. Precisely these changes are going
en new, you understand, but the earth's
path about the sun is new se near a circle
that it does net mike a great deal of
difference in our temperature. That these
changes of temperature occurred during
the glacial epoch, geology strongly con
firms by showing us remains of a warm
climate mingled with these of the cold
period, but the effects of the great cap of
ice are semarked that the whole period is
called the glacial epoch. These warm inter-glacial
periods were probably very fa
vorable te the growth of coal forests, aud
many coal beds seem te have been deposit
ed at these times.
Dr. Crell has shown by astronomical
calculation that in the last three millions
of years the earth's orbit has been very ec
centric three times, at 2,500,0000. 850.000
and 200,000 years respectively. The last
one which I have already referred te sev
eral times, was the least severe of the
three, but en account of its recentness its
effects are much the best known, and it
was the glacial epoch. But new geologists
lind evidence of glacial epochs in every
age of the iverld. These periods have net
been uniform, the date of each must be
calculated by a long and laborious compu
tation. Yeu must have already thought
of the important fact that we have here a
key te some geological dates, and I might
say that the time which I have assigned
te the last glacial epoch is fairly confirm
ed by ether geological observations, the
wearing away of the surface since that
time has been just about such as might
have been expected in the time that has
elapsed.
I have net, of course, gene into miner
details of the subject ; having already
kept yen tee long, I fear, but there is even
another change which modifies these
effects considerably, the varying obliquity
of the ecliptic as it is called, or the vary
ing limits of the torrid zone. There is a
constant but small change here, back
wards and forwards, new increasing, new
decreasing the severity of the ice age. But
for this and many ether and fuller details
1 must refer you te Crell's " Climate and
Time." Fer an account of the
glacical epoch itself, you cannot de better
than te read Gcikic's "Great Ice Age."
I have, ladies and gentlemen, been at
tempting te-night, a difficult task, ene that
involved an explanation of some of the
most difficult points iu Astronomy and
Physics, some of which must have lieen
new te many of you. Aud I cannot hope
that I have made myself perfectly clear te
each of you. Let me then, therefore, be
fore closing, very briefly sura up this re
markable aud beautiful theory.
Astronomers long since proved that the
earth's path about the sun lias been slow
ly, but constantly, changing its shape
from one almost' circular with the sun
near its centre te one quite elongated with
the sun considerably nearer one end, then
back tewuds a circular shape, thus oscil
lating through unequal but very long in
tervals. When the orbit is much elongat
ed, that hemisphere whesa winter comes
when the earth is farthest from the sun,
will have a long aud very cold winter,,
with a het but tee short summer te melt
the winter snows. That hemisphere will
thus be much colder and the ether much
warmer than new. Owing te the proces preces
sion of the equinoxes, or the slew revolu
tion of the caith's axis, that hemisphere
which has its winters when farthest from
the sun, will in 10,000 or 12,000 years have
its summers there, thus shifting the reign
of cold from ene side of the equator te
the ether.
But the indirect effects of this long win
ter will be still greater. The ocean cur
rents carry an enormous amount of heat
from the equator towards the poles. These
currents are caused by the winds notably
by the trade winds. On the icy hemis
phere the gi eat difference in temperature
between it and the equator, will produce
an unusually strong trade wind blowing
towards the equator, which will be op
posed by a fceble wind from the ether and
heated hemisphere, the winds from the
cold hemisphere will therefore blew across
the equator aud drive the warm ocean cur
rents down into the ether or warm hem
isphere, thus raising it nearly all te torrid
temperature, and making their own hem
isphere vastly colder from the less of these
great heat-bearing currents. These causes
would be sufficient te produce the intense
cold and the immense deposits of ice which
Geology shows us have repeatedly occurred
in the past.
I will close by referring te a question
which must have suggested itself te every
one who has listened te ma te-night. Dees
science teach us te expect another such
terrible epoch, and if se, when? Itisalways
easier and certainly safer, te explain the
past, than te predict the future. But in
the present case I have no fears that
any et you will reproach me en
account of the iien-fultillment of my
prophecy. The same calculation shows
us that there will be no considerable max
imum in the eccentricity of our orbit for
500,000 years, and that one will net be se
great as was the last one, but iu 800,000
and again in 000,000 years the eccentricity
will be greater than it was 200,000 years
age. At these periods, then, it seems
probable that the dismal events which I
have faintly pictured will be repeated.
But I hope, in closing, that the prospect
will net disturb your slumbers.
Xete. 15e suspicions or persons who recom
mend any ether article as "just as geed" and
take nothing else but Dr. Hull's Cough Syrup.
Ge te II. 11. Cochran, druggist, 137 and 139
North Queen street, ler Afr. Freeman'x Xew
National Dye. Fer brightness and durability
el color are uncqualed. Celer from 2 te 3
pounds. Price, IS cents.
I'restrated.
Jabeah Miew. Gunning Cove, X. S writes :
' I vrnn completely prostrated with the Asthma
but hearing of Dr. Themas' Eclectrie Oil, I
procured a tinttla, and it did me se much geed,
that I get another, and before it was used! was
cured. My son was cured et a bad cold by the
use of halt a bottle. It gew like wildfire, and
wakas cure wherever it Is used."
Fer sale by II. B. Cochran, druggit, 137 and
13 Xertu Queen street, Lancaster, Pa.
GLT TUK KKST HOUSE AND CATTLK
POWDER. The attention of fanners and
stock raisers Is specially called te the above
powder which is pronounced by many farmers
the best for distemper, cough, colds and ether
diseases and conditions et Horses. Alse, for
Cattle, Swine and Poultry, for Milch Cows
there can be nothing better. 23 cents a pound
or 5 pounds for SI.
Prepared and sold by
ANDREW G. FRY, DRUGGIST.
Cor. North Queen and Orange Streets,
Lancaster, Pa.
DMT GOODS.
"V"OVELTIES IN SCARF FINS.
THE "BERNHARDT" GREYHOUND PIN
UNDERSHIRTS AXD DRAWERS,
E. J. ERISMAITS,
TUB SH1BTMAKKK,
06 NUKTU UCEICN 8TKKKT
"JOTICE TO TUK PUBLIC.
Metzger, Bard&Hangliman
announce te the public that they have bought
and will open in u day or two
A LAUGH LOT OF
table mm
SLICIITLY llAHAGKl) BY WATEBONLY,
T THE LATE FIKE OK
SWETZER, PEMBRQOK&Ca..
NEW YORK.
We had expected te buy
Calicoes and Muslins,
but as they brought regular prices in their
damaged condition, we did net buy them,
being able te jdve veu geed goods uh low as the
dumaged can lie old.
NEW CHEAP STORE,
38 West King Street,
Opposite Cooper Heuse, Lancaster, Pa.
UOJ
IfOM TI1K RECKNT F1KK IN
NEW YORK,
DRY GOODS
-AT-
FAHNESTOCK'S,
Fruit et the Leem Bleached Muslins, 10c.?
Slightly Damp.
Yard-Wide Unbleached Muslin, 4c; Slightly
Dauifi.
Best Merrimac Calice. 5c; Slightly Damp
Heavy CO inch Tab'e Linen, 40c.; Slightly
Damp.
Madras anil Canten Ulnghatns, 11 and 12c :
Slightly Damp.
Russian Crashes Wash Crashes, 4c; Slightly
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HEAVY
Cottenades and Cashmeres,
AT A UHEAT SAV.BltWE.
The above goods are net smoked or burned,
only slightly damp.
FAHNESTOCK'S,
Next Doer te Court Heuse.
PKCIAI. NOTICK.
HAGER & BROTHER,
Ne. 25 WEST KINU STREET.
We are selling at less tliau piesent value
STANDARD MAKES OF
Bleached and Uibleaehed Muslins,
Bleached and Unbleached Sheetings
Pillow Mnslins, and Tickings.
LOOM AND DAMASK
TABLE LINENS,
Napkins and Towels,
MARSEILLES AND CROCHET QUILTS,
riTITEantl COLORED BLAXKET3.
OPENED THIS DAY
A LARGE AND CHOICE SELECTION OF
HAMBURG EDGINGS
Mirar
MIMS
WITH LNSERTTNQS TO MATCH.
i
Tg
.. ft
f -i
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