HenwEmmwH
WiKJJiUfiJL1
d
t watiateg
If Volume XVII-Ke. 106.
LANCASTER, PA., TUESDAY, JAlSTTAUl 4. 188L
Price Twe lits.
S9KMBC92B4'ff
m
CLOlllIXU.
A RARE CHANCE!
Tim Orcutimt Reduction ever made in FINE
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H. GERHART'S
ia
t
1
A Large Assortment of Genuine
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A Suit will be made up te order in th! Ret
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1IKAVV WEIGHT OHMK.-TIC
Suiting and Overceating,
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ler I lie next
THIRTY DAYS.
H. GERHART,
Ne. 51 North Que&i Street.
CLOTHING!
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In grout variety, made loonier at slierl notice
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r-ljxi
LANCAhTKR. PA.
miliasi:i:.
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HOUGHTON'S MILLINERY GOO Its!
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HOLIDAY BOOKS,
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DIARIES roil 1SS1,
Gi vinj Church Days, Religious Festival Festival Festival
Moen's Changes, Ulanks ler Weather Recerd
and much ether usctul information, in st vie-"'
New and Nevel.
Fer sale at the .Bookstore el
JOHN BAER'S SONS,
15 17 NORTH IJUEEN ST.,
LANCASTER, PA.
NEW YEAR CARDS.
At Elegant Assortment for sale at the
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15 and 17 NORTH QUEEN STREET,
I-ANCASTKR, PA,
dllUllH
Ready-Hade lolei
SLamastrr Intdligrncet.
TUESDAY EVENING, JAN. 4, 1881.
THE STATE.
(iUVi-KSIlU IlOIT UPON ITS UOJJIU
TION AND WANTS.
j ii Alci-Mige te t' Legislature A Lene
nlate Taper in Which are Treated the
OucstleiiK of Finance, Education and
"lis Kindred Topics. Reformatory
Schools, Toerhouse Children,
Industrial Statistics, Freight
Incrimination, .-nunlcl-
pal Government, the
HiNtinculshed
Dead, etc.
fit-nth men hi the Scii'tlc' tnul Heuse of Iiepre
srtittilivcw :
Yeu arc assembled, in pursuauce of the
expressed will of the electors of a great
state, te exercise the very highest fuuctieii
of government the making of the laws of
a free commonwealth. The prosperity,
happiness, ami contentment of the people
jiiii represent aie se wide-spread and
marked as te eall for renewed and thank
ful recognition of the Providence which
has led ns forward, net only as a state but
as a nation. Our citizens may well ex
change congratulations that Pennsylvania
lias, in many respects, realized the best
human anticipations of an ideal republic.
The history of civilized communities has
lately presented such a spectacle of growth
ami power as is illustrated by the four
millions of men "and women who compose
your constituencies normal growth and
as tired power in intellectual, moral, and
industrial tel.itieiis. Laber, skill, and cap
it;;! adequately ic warded activities in
every willing and pursuit, intelligently
guided effectually coutrel ever external
conditions, and a self-restraint worthy of
the discipline which has imposed it, cvery
wheie characterize our line of advance
ment. The unhappy antagonisms which
have sometimes seemed te prevail between
our different forms of industry have dis
appeared. A fuller understanding of each
ether, and a freer intercourse and discus
sion of our interdependencies has recon
ciled, for the present at least, the conflicts
between labor ami capital, unfortunately
se characterised. It is better apprehended
that there are no cltfises iu our population
but that we aic a united homogeneous
people, pursuing a common practical end.
The laborer of this year is the capitalist of
the next ; and our " classes" are con
stantly interchanging their membership.
Approaching the work before you, you
arc te deal with a stable aud fixed seeial
mechanism. The great framework of our
institutions, and the methods by which
we are te proceed, arc embodied and out
lined in our constitution. It may safely
be said te be as well-balanced and adjust
ed a piece of gevcrnmcutal organism as
any people has as yet formulated. With
it. is thu great body of statute laws which
your pi-cdcccssers have, from time te time
framed te meet the changing exigencies
and growing needs of an expanding popu
lation. Under all, is the wider sphere of
the Hhiri-iiteii Itttr, the universal rules of
duty and the fundamental principles of
mefals, whieli must regulate the great
body of our actions, and te which our
habitual conduct must conform the mo
tives te obey which the written law can
neither give nor take away. But discre
tion, intelligence and justice are none the
less required in the rules of individual aud
corporate conduct you shall sec proper te
prescribe. Geed citizenship requires obe
dience and steady support te the laws you
make. These statutes alone will be fully
obeyed, and receive the sanction of con
formity, which arc iu accordance with the
habits, traditions and associations of the
people which are iu harmony with them
and their proper and approved purposes,
ll is the main object of the law, and sole
duty of (hose appointed te cufercc it, te
previd.-. that justice and fair play obtain,
under which industry may be organized,
commodities be made and exchanged, and
the great religious and charitable institu
tions be allowed te advance under the
natural law of their development. While
you held yourselves te the full require
ments of honesty, zeal and conscientious
discharge of duty, you have a correlative
right te enforce, even against these whom
you represent. Appealing te the correct
ness of your own motives, you have aright
te demand that you shall receive a fair,
honest and discriminating judgment upon
your work. Yeu have a right te exemption
from detraction fmin malicious criticism
and irivoleus comment. Yeu have a right
te have your ellicial actions looked upon
from the .standpoint, which you yourselves
occupy, and judged by the measure of the
duty you have bestowed upon them. Yeu
have a right te trustful support, and free
dom from llippant abuse, intcudedte be
little .and degrade the very functions you
have assumed, in behalf of the public, te
discharge ; and te an attitude en the part
of the public which shall net vitiate and
render void the very work you have con
sented, at, the public call, te undertake.
This is the first session of the General
Assembly since the vacation of two years,
under the constitution of 1873. While all
the ether departments have gene en as
usual, there has been a wide interval iu
legislative work. This has released pub
lic attention from many interests, and lias
led te an absence of that public discus
sion by which the best results are te be
obtained. A consideration of this has led
me te endeavor te present a mere detailed
view of public affairs, which will fall under
your supervision, than might otherwise
have been necessary. The first te claim
your attention will be the condition of our
state finances.
State Finances.
The annexed tables show the sources of
revenue aud the expenses of the state.
Summary of receipts at the state treas
ury, from the 1st of December, 1879, te
the :50th of November, 1880, both days in
clusive. Tax en corporation stock, $1,332,013.98
Tax en slots receipts.... 050,030.94
Tax en income 51,403.23
Tax en premiums 199,817.62
Tux en coal companies... S1I,1:S.1U
Tax en' leans auO.U0rj.lt
Tax en writs, wills, deeds,
c. 104.371.83
Tax en personal property, 423,07'.88
Tax en hank stock 339,512.50
Tax or. collateral inheri
tance fr05.441.C9
Den us en dinners 34,00X44
Accrued interest 9,151.75
itermuled cash 2,202.42
Retailers' licenses 198,280.52
Eatin-i-lieukC licenses.... 29,279.04
Tavern licenses CS5,7I7.60
Liquor licenses 30,180.25
Peddlers' licenses 1,290.60
Auction licenses 6,343.16
Urekers' licenses 7,708.52
lilllianl licences 7,523.41
Theatre ami circus II-
censes 2,188.00
Drawers' aim .hauliers'
licenses 8,53839
Patent medicine license?, 1 .0S4.29
Land 2,8.9.00
FcCSOf office 39,377.37
Notary public commis
sions 6,575.00
Escheats i,sss.57
Annuity ferrK'lit et way. 10,000.00
Allegheny Valley railroad
iiucrosten bends 159,000.00
Commutation tonnage
duties 160,000.00
Taxoiifjiess premiums.. $ 33,7iC.88
rnitcilfctutc'! government
en account of military
claims
Turnpike and plank read
Conscience land
Excess of commission
Office license fee
Sale of fertilizers
Pamphlet laws
Allegheny Valley rail
road, redemption et
bends
Penalty
State Geological Surrey
reports
Unclaimed depesit.1;.
Fines and forfeitures
Diridend en bridge stock
Tax en bends and money
at interest
39,005.78
2,126.66
12.5'
1,040.87
3,911.11
1,170.00
171.05
ioe,imoo
253.54
243.21
1,112.90
40.00
10.00
397.44
-$6,720,334.47
Summary of the payments at the state
treasury, from the 1st day of December,
1879, te the 30th day of November, 1880,
both days inclusive.
Expenses of government. 2"S2,773.21
Pensions and gratuities.. 23,835.77
Coalmine inspectors 31,231.75
Common schools 1,402,940.21
Charitable institutions .. I,020,2GJ.0
public buildings ami
grounds
Mercantile appraisers
Schools for soldiers'
S,I49.26
3,291.32
orphans
.Tr0,539.98
Statu library 4,500.00
Special commissions 7,lii.
Fish commissioners 13,500.00
Penitentiaries.: 292,643 oe
Escheats 1,21.92
Geological survey 53,000.00
Mli-celiaiiceiis 48,110.04
Judges 42i.0C0.76
Afseciutc judges 31,529.98
Heuse of Representatives 18,157.30
cnatc of Pennsylvania. . 4,723.00
Nermal 182,899.22
County superintendents. 81,925.82
Rank assessors 31.32
Special committees 2,029.26
Riots, July, 1S77 1,900.17
J. V. Geary monument.. 4,S97.0C
Turnpike ami plunk read
stock
Salaries
Public printing ami bind
in? National Guard
Delinquent tlealeis ... .
Collateral inherit nice tax
Fire companies
Leans redeemed
Interest en leans redeem
ed 321.20
70,010.38
199,717.21
262,175.7::
5,297.92
276.18
7iie.W)
028,689.21
5.326 OS
Interest en public debt. .. 1 12ii,Sll.Si
interest en Agricultural
College laud scrip tuud.
Heuse of Refuge
Riots et lST.'r
Ceal miners' he-rpita!
Cernplaiitcr Indians
Costs in Commonwealth
cases
30,000.00
123,289.72
7"r.00
2-5,747.21
600.00
40.95
Pennsylvania Stale Agri
cultural College bends. 40,000.00
$6,20,119.49
These tables show some revenue which
is net dciived from continuing sources,
and some expenditures which are excep
tional. Fer the year ending :30th November,
1881, the estimated revenues are te
The general fund $3,241,000.00
The sinking fund 2.160.000.00
$J,-HH,Urju.r.ri,
The estimated expenses for the same
period are :
Frem the general f.uiid...$l.ol.(KM.eo
Frem the sinking fund... 1,3SI,9SS.5()
$5,:.v.ss.oe
This will leave a dclicit in the gen
eral iund of. $ 771,000.00
There is a present dclicit in appro
priations unpaid of. l,0K.tt)0.l
Deficiency te be provided ler in
1881 $I,SI4,00O.09
Prevision ought te Ins made for this oe ee
c ruing deficiency. Iu the opinion of the
financial officers of the state it can be
made by fair amendments te the revenue
act of 1879. This act, with efficient man
agement in the office of the auditor gen
eral aud the attorney general in collecting
overdue and contested taxes, has pro
duced large additional and unexpected
revenue. Our tax laws arc neither uniform
uer equitable : but it is certain that there
are net new in possession of the depart
ments here auy reliable and full data, upon
which it would be safe te attempt the en
actment of any sweeping or radical
changes. The commission appointed at
the last session of the Legislature were
furnished with no suitable or sufficient
means for prosecuting their labors, and, as
yet, have made no report.
Since May 10, 18S0, when the present
state treasurer, lien. Samuel lSutlcr, as
sumed the duties of his office, the deficien
cies in appropriations, due previous te
June 1, 1880. principally te school and
charitable purposes, have been reduced
from $3,227,000 te $1,043,000.
During the year 1882, ever $10,000,000 of
the state leans will become payable by the
terms of the acts creating them,as fellows :
Six per cents $9,271,850
Five pcrcents 1.209.350
Four and al:all' per cents.... 87,000
riO,5'J8,200
The very favorable opportunity which
the present low rate of money affords for
the refunding of this maturing debt at a
great saving of interest te the state, will
lead you te give the necessary authority
forthwith, and the mere esiwcially as the
Legislature is net likely te meet during the
year 1882.
Education.
The state is carrying en its system of
public instruction in three directions :
Public schools, Nermal schools aud the
Soldiers' Orphans' schools. Tha report of
the superintendent of public instruction,
Dr. J. P. Wickersham, will receive your
careful attention. His views and recom
mendations arc entitled te your consider
ation by virtue of his long, intelligent and
effective service ; and his very extensive
experience with public schools in our own
state, in ether states.aud in the Old World.
It is most gratifying that he reports the or
ganization of the common schools mere
complete than ever before, and " in all de
partments characterized by a vigorous life
and a progressive spirit." The whole
number of graded schools is 7,037 the
number of schools net graded, 11.G18. The
total number of pupils en the rolls is 937,
310, with an average attendance of 77 per
cent. The expenditures of all kinds for
the year ending June, 18S0, net including
orphan or normal schools, were $7,482,
,577.73. The value of the school property
of the state is $25,467,097. The total in
debtedness of all the school districts in the
state, including these in cities and bor
oughs, is only $2,648495.84, while there
remain in the various treasuries of the dis
tricts, balances amounting te $1,425,213.10.
These arc satisfactory figures and indicate
the permanent value which this agency of
progress holds in the minds of the peo
ple. Nermal Schools.
The condition of the normal schools and
of their property will require your notice.
There have been 2,900 students in attend
ance during the past year. The value of
their property is estimated at 1,360,
395.17. These schools arc ten in number. In
their establishment, there may be set
down as contributed by private subscrip
tions $400,000. The state has contributed
for grounds, buildings and apparatus, up
te the year 1878, $645,000. The debts of
theschoelsmaybeput at $330,000. The
appropriations by the state te these
schools has, for some years, been $100,000
annually. By a mere arbitrary mode of
distribution, and no ether seemed feasible,
this sum has been parcelled out equally
$10,000 te each. Fer these sums, liens
have been token in favor of the state.
They have been compelled te use their ap
propriations in paying old floating debts,
or in keeping down interest en the mort
gages and ether liens against them. Re
sources which should be expended in the
active conduct of the schools are thus ab
sorbed in the reduction of debts which
cripple them; and this n eductien is net
being accomplished in the best and most
economical manner for the state or the
schools. Besides, the annual appropria
tion has a tendency te induce the belief
that it is te be a permanent relief, and
weakens the administration and efficiency
of the system.
The correct policy for the state new te
adept will be te pay oft' the entire in
debtedness of the normal schools; and,
se far as a surrender of the rights of share
holders and contributors can be secured,
place the ownership of the several proper
tics aud all liens, in the state. After such
prevision iu their behalf, the schools
ought te be self-supporting, and doubtless
will bcceni?. se. Ne further aid from the
state should thereafter be expeeted by
them.
Soldiers.' Orphans' Schools.
The conduct of these schools calls for
no abatement in the pride with which all
have watched their organization and
growth. The .supervision ever them has
been intelligent and rigid. The inspec
tions have been thorough as te the physi
cal surroundings and material well-being
of the inmates of the several schools.
Children admitted under existing laws
must belong te one of three classes :
1. These whose fathers were either
killed or died of disease while in the army.
Only one hundred of this class remain.
2. These whose fathers have died since
the elesc of the war of wounds or disease
contracted while in the service.
3. These whose fathers are living,
but are se disabled by wounds
or disease contracted while in the
army, that they are unable te sup
port their families ; and in all the eases,
Jrhc children must be under sixteen years
el age, and 111 destitute circumstances, it
must be said that the superintendent of
public instruction, while under the pres
sure of these who say he is tee strict and
is admitting tee few, aud the criticism of
these who say he is tee lax aud is admit
ting tee many, has, at all times, justly and
firmly construed the statutes governing
these schools always aiming te provide
for the really meritorious, and te guard the
state against fraud.
There are two thousand five hundred
and eighty children under the care of the
state in these schools, and the cost of the
system of the past year was $331,431.59.
Fer the years 1881 anil 1832, about $700,
000 will be needed.
The superintendent, iu his annual re
port, says : "In making the usual appro
priations for the orphan schools, the Leg
islature of 1878 provided that no mere chil
dren should be admitted into them after
the first day of June, 1882, and that they
should be finally closed en the first day of
June, 1885. Should this law stand, the
system can be made come te au end iu a
way both creditable te it aud te the state.
The record it will leave will form the
bri;litc.st page of our history. It will have
supported, educated, and prepared for
usefulness twelve thousand of the sons and
daughters of dead and disabled soldiers,
and will have expended in this noble work
the magnificent sum of $8,000,000. The
whole world may be searched in vain for
another such example of patriotic benevo
lence." Houses .l Kclugu and Reform Schools.
Fortunately, the policy and the right of
the State te organize a system of public
instruction have passed beyond the region
of contention. 1 Jesuits have vindicated its
wisdom as well as its cost. Following
close upon it, is another topiejipen which
much of the very best thought of the ablest
aud purest philanthropists has been ex
pended ; the duty of society te its danger
ous and criminal classes. It is net mater
ial, here and new, te discuss the objects
of the enforcement of criminal law,
whether it be mere punishment for the
sake of punishment, the protection of so
ciety, the reformation of the offender, or
all of these. Ner is it my purpose te en
ter upon the detailsef prison management,
whether they should be ordered under the
separate system, or the congregate system;
nor is it indispensable, as a preliminary,
te settle the question of the proper dispo
sition of the products of convict labor.
What rights has society ever its
criminals, end the classes out of which
they conic? There can be no prompt
method of putting down crime. It is in
curable, except by a gradual process.
Whe'jvcr employs that, process expecting
te realize any romantic results, or with
Utopian theories, will realize nothing.
But we are net without certain definite
and practical results, which have been
readied in our own state as well as in
many ethers. The whole ground is by no
means unexp'ered, nor has the whole
ground been, by any nicat.s, fully covered.
We have ascertained facts and reliable
data, in view of which we can go forward
aud iu the safe direction of assured pro
gress. We have undertaken te educate
the ignorant, te feed the hungry, aud te
cure the deceased, by state appliances,
and at the public cost. Hew can we best
curb the vicious? A distinguished pub
licist has said that "whoever has the
right te hang has the right te educate."
Or as no one new disputes "the right"
te educate, it may justly be said that
whoever has the right te hang has " the
duty " te educate. The prison statistics
of the whole country show some startling
and unexpected facts. Toe much care
cannot be taken te avoid hasty, immature
and unwarranted conclusions fe. 111 statis
tics. There is no imposition which we
may net make up:n ourselves by hasty
jugglery with half-facts. Fer instance,
there have been since 1870, in the Eastern
penctentiary at Philadelphia, convicts
twenty-one years of age and under, te the
number of nine hundred and forty-six. Of
these, six hundred and fifty-eight had at
tended public schools, seventeen private
schools, and two hundred and seventy-one
had never attended school. Se much for
their educational relations. When their
industrial relations arc looked after, we
find that out of the nine hundred and
forty-six, as many as eight hundred and
eighty four were unappreuticed, aud seven
hundred and twenty two had no trade.
Iu the Western penctentiary, at Pitts
burgh, of three hundred aud twelve pri-
seucrs admitted during 1879 :
Could net read or write
Read and write impcifcetly.
Read and write
Superior education
34
96
181
1
312
205
4
43
312
Attended public schools. ..
Attended private schools..
Never went te school
Never apprenticed te a trade 241
Apprenticed and served 40
Net apprenticed butserved lour years 20
These arc net isolated figures they pre
vail at about that average elsewhere."
In Maryland for 1880, the penitentiary
report shows its five hundred and ninety
one inmates graded socially as fellows :
Can read and write 2SJ
Can read 53
Cannet read and write 230
591
SSI
42
2fi
591
Never hound out
Bound out and served..
Bound out and left
New, of these who had "attended
school," it would be uufair te as.-ume that
they had received any mere than an imper
fect aud rudimentary instructions. But it
tends te prove that mere elementary edu
cation, with the moral powers untouched,
is no very important barrier against crime.
As at the best, however, there can be 110
moral development in the absence of men
tal cultivation, "attendance at school"
must lie at the base of all rcfeim.
But the figures showing the industrial
relations are significant, and lead us
close te the occasion of aud inducements
te crime. It is the absence of a trade, the
want of employment, and consequent
idleness. The remedy then must be sought
in that direction, and our schemes of edu
cation must be advanced te meet this con
dition of tilings. The state finds itself,
under the laws of thu land, the custodian
of a number of young criminals. In one
way or another in early life, a number of
its citizens have fallen into the meshes of
the law," and have become objects of state
treatment, and, if you please, of state
punishment. Under ordinary human ex
perience, without the application of some
reformatory measures, these youths will
only go en from bad te worse, until they
fall into the well-defined criminal class, te
which they will then, critaiiiiy and surely,
belong. They will inevitably become
charges upon the state, either as paupeis
or malefactor.'!. They may 1 thus con
templated as men ami women who are
likely te spend their liviv. iu penitentiaries
and jails, unless society, which must
reeeirnize their existence, can muke better
useil them. Any measure of education
and discipline, then, which will .-ave so
ciety the duty ofimpriseiiiug or hanging
them will become expedient and proper.
Wiiat can be done for ths- wry young,
up te the age of sixteen war.-, who. by
commitments of courts ami mayi.-trales,
have fallen into the hands of the law, for
various eH'cikcs, has been v.eii exempli
fied by the house of refuge, in Philadel
phia, and the Pennsylvania leferiu scherl,
at Morganza. Amid some ceiitixver-y
evi r these schools, and the methods at Hie
U0U0111 01 tlriin, it is tee iate new te ques
tion their value and service, although
neither has, as yet, reached ;.u equipment
necessary for tiic best weil:. The purpose
of their existence, and the aim of their
managers, is te rescue their inmate from
the evil associations out of which they
have come, and te rc-feim them. Few et
these waifs have responsible paicuia 'e or
guardianship. They are quitr
aic in
come state charges. 1 he :,t
'1"
lug with private benefactors, pu.ii ises te
return them, self-Mippettiug, l- ne.ity un
der the best auspices the ease v. ill admit.
Within the limits of the school tiny are
meulded, intellectually and morally, by
competent careful teachers, aud iii.-tructed,
trained, and diillcd te some liv.de or in
dustrial pursuit. The effort is te repro
duce, within the enclosure, the evict con
dition of society they will enceuiiUr when
they return te the worm. 1 his requires -
time, and the inmates arc ictaineii until
the work is, mere or less completed. done.
The process gees upon the correct and
safe assumption that it is itupiMsi'ile te re
form the conduct of a child or man with
out first measurably reforming his uaiure.
The scheme is no longer an cxpeiiinent, .ss
it has been faithfully worked out in H;ig
land, France, Gcimany, and many i.f the
states of our union. This leads op t; an
extension of the general mctm-d, whieh.
in the judgment of political economists of
the very highest authority, : iemir.es the
most beneficent results. This v. ill in
chuic all the Jirat offender.-!, exevp! of Ui'.'
most brutal type, under the age, ay, of
thirty years. The purpose of the preness
is te return them, tee. te society with ihe
preparation and dNcipliue best, fitted te
enable them te earn au honest iiwlihe'id.
permit them te retain their -e!f respect,
and fit them te resume their p!ieesme:ig
their fellow-men. if they se clmeSe. with
out the brand :t infamous pu:ii. huieui or
penal servitude upon iliem. Thi. aim ami
scope is te give the convict intellectual,
moral, and industrial training, systematic
habits, and definite puipeses. in a re
formatery school, and netin
tiary : te afford him ainether
life: iu short, te help him te
self.
In the discretion of the court
a p'T.itcn
chance. in
i.s lp him
r
iw.
the scnteiicc, defendants.
eeimctcd 01
first offense of such magnitude
tify adequate imprisonment.
the age of thirty wars, aie c.
S tir jltS-
'ni uu.Ier
l:llitt".l t
Th v go
, lit e-!t-
without a determinate wntcne,
net be held for a period leiigei
umu the
maximum term fixed by law
Under a proper sv.-.tein
or! tie .'ileus.',
f grades and
classes and marks, every motiv.-teshoi ten
the period of detention is presented.
That period will liu iu ihe di eielien
of the proper efiieers of ihe in
stitution. Positions in lit',; are found for
them, and they may ihcii be conditionally
discharged onpaiele, reporting from time
te time thereafter their behavior and
surroundings; or, in default thereof, ere!'
geed conduct for a prescribed period. lia
ble te be returned te the institution. It
has been found by experience that the
prisoners thu:; discharged have been w.!l
received again by society, aud. in one of
the largest institutions of this kind in our
land, it is officially reported that hs-
thau seven per cent, of the number dis
charged have failed te maintain their
premise of geed conduct, 1 refer te the
reformatory at Elmira New Yerk. The
acts creating it, and the practical man
agement there carried out, arc worthy of
attention and study.
Kcforniatery prisons, then, premi.-e te
be a most effective instrument in the dimi
nution of crime, both by reforming the
prisoner himself, and by the deterrent in
fluence of punishment en etheis. Only a
weak sentimentalism would propose te
move out of sight the rigors and penalties
which must overtake the violators of the
law. It is net suutiiitciitaiism, but sound
policy and conformity te the ordinary mo
tives of human conduct, which keeps a
prisoner out of the fixed che-sificatien
with hardened criminals, if pessible:
which gives him hope, a chance for tin; re
covery of social influence, and the means
of cultivating self-respect. Iu the re
formatory we can " copy the incidents of
that frugal, honest, .self-denying, laberi
eus poverty te which we have te restore
most of our convicts, and for which,
therefore, it should be our earnest en
dcaver te qualify them. - Ne
mere indulgences, save these earned by
exertion anil self-command : no progress
toward liberty, except through diligence
in work, and the exhibition et geed con
duct, all proved by acts, "net words : by a
strenuous fulfilllmeut of all duty, net by
mere lip submission. It is thus, 'and thus
only, that the stern school of punishment
may be made really reformatory : may be
made te give back te society citizens, in
stead of spoliators, and honest men in
place of criminals."
Such an institution, after the first in
vestment in buildings and appointments,
may become self-supporting. If it be ob
jected that it is the organization of a trade
or industrial school by the state, with all
its inmates gathered from the criminal
classes, it must be am. wered that a practi -
cal people must de iiv.etical things, aud
that our first business is te remedy the
worse mischief. Perhaps the time ought
net te be far distant when evei v ciuld and
yeung'mau of Pennsylvania maybe en
abled te become a voluntary pupil in a
state industrial or technical school ; but
we manifestly ewo an earlier duty In
another direction.
It is te be hoped that Pennsylvania will
keep abreast of her sister states in this
vital matter of "social science" and
"penal reform," terms, it must be ad
mitted, the defiuitions-ef which are net
fully settled.
If these views should meet your ap
proval, and be deemed worthy of your
adoption, the necessary statute can be
readily framed. Prevision, in buildings
and equipment fitted for the proper or er or
ganisateon, must be made. Nearly two
thirds of our convicts are under thirty
years of age. When this is considered,
huge drafts may be expected te be made
from the number of prisoners new sent
te our penitentiaries in Philadelphia and
Pittsburgh. It ought te result that in
mates therein will be materially decreased.
Willi the extension of these prisons new
made aud iu process of being made, it
may be assumed that sufficient room will
have been provided for all convicts liable
te be dealt with under existing pcual theo
ries aud methods.
The state has just entered upon the con
struction of a penitentiary at Huutiug Huutiug
den. This work should be arrested, until
a final determination is reached, where it
r.ew is. It is outside of my discretion te
make a specific rcconinicndatien but there
can be no practical difficulty in tne cenver
sien et the penitentiary, lucre centem
plated, into a reformatory prison. Other
practical locations and suggestions may
be made, but it will be safe te de one
thing at a time. If adequate results are
te be expected for the very considerable
expenditure required, the project ought te
be built up from a clean, clear foundation,
tiie appliances be made te conform the
he!, and latest experience, aud the cud,
ami all the means te that end, looked at
from the beginning. A joint committee
ei the two houses, who should be re
quested te report early in your .session,
could relieve the subject of much irrele
vant discussion : or, a commission of citi
zens might be provided te report fully at
this or some subsequent session.
It is impossible te deal with a
question like this exhaustively or
satisfactorily within the reasonable
limits of a general message. This
plan eilers protnise of very positive
relief front the pressure, of the criminal
class. Te such as are net impatient of
necessary delay, and are Avilling te trust
the slew but sure operation of known laws
who believe in the relation of cause and
effect in liu moral world as in the physical
world, it points te certain aud specific ad
vantages The firm and persistent appli
cation of known means of reformation,
must assuredly help ns te the end we seek
the prevention of crime.
Children in I'oer-IIouso-i.
Frem Ihe state beard of public charities,
from the official declarations made in the
state conventions of peer directors, and
from the testimony of interested citizens
en all sides, comes a swelling pretest
against the longer centinuance of the evil
and disgracj attending the presence of
children iu our almshouses and poor peer
houses. In the past live years ever three
thousand children, under sixteen years old,
have been temporary or permanent resi
dents of these institutions. A disclosure
of some of these facts, gathered from the
sources above indicated, would shock the
ceminuuitv, nor would a sense of propriety
permit mere than a reference te them here
in. These children, in a word, arc ener
vated by idleness, corrupted in body and
soul, without the possibility of acquiring
or recovering their self-respect, prepared
for pauperism and crime, clleetually
wrecked at the outset of life. This situa
tion of aflaiis is earnestly commended te
your action. Acts of Assembly touching
the remedy of this evi! have been prepared
by several parties, who have studied this
pha.se of this seeial problem. The subject
is net without difficulty. A statute for
bidding Ihe reception or retention in any
alms-house or peer house of any child
between two and sixteen ycais of age, will
be an indispensable starting point. Pri
vate charity would best point out the di
rection of the next steps. In the absence
of understood facts te stimulate the en
thusiasm and fervor of private charity in
this behalf, aud of adequate reasons te have
suggested the economy of private associa
tions te leek after this class of children, it
may become your duty te devise the entire
seheme. It would be gratifying if we had
throughout the state mere corporations of
benevolent persons addressing themselves
te this evil. Upen them, as a basis, tl
almshouse and peer beards could operate
witu money-aid, official inspection, and ad
ministrative sanction. Any and all routes
te the results you seek will lead te the
well tried expedient of placing these chil
dren in natural families, or the family and
fai iii-school Geed examples will occur te
i 0:1 among the various "Hemes for Fricnd Fricnd
.le.'S Children," already in existence, and
ii) better models can be found than many
of the " Seldiers' orphans schools," new
under state patronage.
C'eu'csscdly, there is danger in this mode
et relief te be avoided. A tee careless or
tee profuse prevision might render pau
perism a dcsiable occupation. The ten
dency, at the best, of such enactments, is
te release parents from a responsible
sense of the duty of providing for their
offspring, and te encourage improvidence.
Iu a est tain sense, they cannot euro dis
tress, but only shift it from one part of
the community te another. Any plan
will be confronted with a fatal objection
which enables the recipients of state bounty
te elude, in any serious degree, the neces
sities of their social existence.
In your wisdom, you will devise some re
Hef from the perplexities of this situation.
This relief should, however, be a local and
net a state charge. The burden efthc
remedy should be borne by the local paor paer
b. raids. It is only by localizing this form
of charity that efficient supervision can be
secured, the guarantee of economical ad
ministration be preserved, and the risk of
mendicancy becoming profitable be avoided
ISurcau of Industrial Statistics.
In the organization of the office of the
secret arv of internal affairs, it was pro
vided by the act of 1874 that " his depart
ment shall embrace a bureau of industrial
statistics, the business of which shall be te
impartially inquire into the relations of
capital aud labor, in their bearings upon
the social, educational and industrial wel
fare of all classes of working pcele, and te'
offer practical suggestions for the improve
ment of the same."
" The said bureau shall further collect,
compile and publish such statistics in re
gard te the wages of labor, and the social
condition of the working classes as may
enable the people of the state te judge
hew far the legislation can be invoked te
correct existing evils." The duties of the
bureau arc thus defined. The present
chief of the bureau of industrial statistics,
is the Hen. Miles S. Humphreys. The
statistics he has compiled and published
have taken as wide a Tange as the means
at his coutrel have permitted.. While his
1 nnwers. nndnr the laws, are amnie te cel-
! lecfc information "by circular. or upon
: personal application," he has,, up. id this
I time, been limited te the former method,
ler tun reason mat no apprupnaueu uas
been made te pay the..expenses of "adept-
ing the ether. A very small percentage
of the circulars are answered. The chief
of the burcan ought te be furnished means
of going into the great labor districts and
himself witness the labor and sec the .
laborers out of which his statistics come.
He is also required "te compile aud pub
lish, annually, the productive statistics of
agriculture, mining, manufacturing, com
mercial interests of the state." If this
work was once well and thoroughly done,
the subsequent extensions and yearly ad
ditions would be neither difficult nor ex
pensive. It has never been thoroughly
dene in this state. When we contemplate
such immense manufacturing and distrib
uting centres as Philadelphia and Pitts
burgh such workshops as Uarrisburg,
Beading, Bethlehem, Scranton and Johns Jehns Johns
tewu the never-resting industries along
the Delaware, Lehigh, Schuylkill, Sus
quehanna aud Monengahclu river.s oil de
velopment, mining ores, anthracite and
bituminous coals, lime, slate burning of
coke aud farming operations everywhere,
they seem te defy classification. Iu all
this apparent chaos there is order. Every
mau and engiue falls into pre-arranged
place. Everywhere there is a complexity,
but nowhere i.s there confusion. By a
sufficiently wide induction of facts, the
body politic will be found te be as legiti
mate a growth under law as the natural
body law, as unerring in social life as in
the external world. The bureau of statis
tics should reach every form in which the
inhabitants of the state combine, iiulus
trial, social, educational, religions, chari
table aud criminal. While this informa
tion, properly digested, could remedy no
evils of itself, it would lead the public and
the Legislature te many wholesome re
adjustments, iu the distribution of popu
lation and money.
Districts and industries iu which pjpu pjpu
latien or labor is becoming overcrowded
would be deteetcd.aud danger sign ils could
be put up before the evil becomes irremedi
able. The possibilities id' ever-product ion,
and the creation of mere commodities than
we can find purchasers for, which alone
seem likely te, disturb thu happy equili
brium new prevailing, would show them
selves in the course of the rigid investiga
tion and inquiry herein contemplated.
The tendency te, or existence of, such a
mischief as the "truck" or store order
system would come under notice, and well
considered legislation, based en adequate
faets, could be invoked for its suppression.
The proper relation between the wage
laborer and the owner of the wage-fund,
in the divisions of the product of their
joint enterprise, would mere clearly ap
pear, aud an equitable plan of arbitration
find adoption, instead of the unprofitable
and destructive remedy by a strike. The
times, places, and business in which
co-operative institutions might lie organ
ized with beneficial results in the distribu
tion of wealth, might, haply, be indicated.
It is net contented that social disorders
can be cured by "tabulated figures," and
these arc suggested only by illustrations of
the practical value whieh accurate aud
faithful statistics may be made te have iu
our economic problems. I recommend,
therefore, that an appropriation be made
te this bureau sufficient, under proper ac
countability, insure correct aud complete
results.
Freight Discrimination.
The relation of " common carriers."
mere especially of the great trunk rail-roads.-te
the commerce of the country has
assumed a very important economic as
pect. Se far as the control of inter-state
traffic is concerned, it must be remanded
te the national legislature. Our own
statutes must terminate in their operation
at our state lines. Within these lines,
there arc ccrtein policies te be executed,
se obviously just and right as te preclude
question or debate. Our constitution has
both defined them, and by its mandate, pro
vided the details of their enforcement.
Section three, article XVII, of the con
stitution provides that "all individuals,
associations and cer) .orations shall have
equal right te have persons and property
transported ever railroads and canaN, aud
no undue or unreasonable discrimination
shall be made in charges for, or iif facili
ties for, transportation of freight or ias
scngers within the state, or coming from,
or going te any ether state. Persons and
property transported ever any railroad
shall be dclivcred.at auy station at charges
net exceeding the charges for transporta
tion of persons and property of the same
claw in the same direction te auy mere
distant station, but excursions and com
mutation tickets may lie issued at special
rates."
Section seven of the same article pro
vides that "no discrimination in charges
for transportation shall be made between
transportation companies and individuals
or in favor of cither, by abatement, draw
back or etherwise.and no railroad or canal
company, or any lessee, manager, or em
pleyee thereof, shall make any preferences
in furnishing cars or motive power."
Section twelve, article XVII, prescribes
that " the General Assembly shall enforce
by appropriate legislation the previsions of
this article."
Your attention is called te the fact that
this requirement of the constitution has
net, up te this time, been complied with
During the year 1878, upon the petition
of a large number of citizens engaged iu
the production of oil, charging that they
were subjected te most serious injustice
and grievance, by reason of discrimination
in freights, the result of illegal confederat
ed action between certain railroads and oil
shippers, suits in equity were instituted in
the name of the commonwealth by the at
torney general, in the supreme court of
thu state, against the Pennsylvania rail
company, the Atlantic and Great Western
railroad company, Dunkirk, Allegheny
fe Pittsburgh railroad company and the ir
Lake Shere & Michigan Southern rail-,
way company. T
Separate bills were tiled against each
corjKjratien, charging unlawful conspiracy ..
with all the ethers, aud the apprepriate
relief prayed for. The object of the com
monwealth was te procure a judicial de
claration of the common law duty of car
riers, in the absence of a statute, te wit : ,
that charges must be the same for all per- ,
sons similarly situated, and for all freights,
of a like kind aud quality for a given ser
vice. The conduct of the causes .was ncc- ,
cssarily intrusted te private counsel em
ployed by the petitioners, although under,
the general direction of the attorney gen- , ,.,
eral. In due time the cases came before a
master appointed te take testimony. , The,, ,, ,
burden of the testimony was directed
against the Pennsylvania railroad' cpih
pany, and the taking of testimony by the' '"'
commonwealth was completed and dc' ""
clared closed as te this, corporation, de- "
fendant.
1. .r
This corporation alone, it was thcu pre-, ,,
posed, should be called upeu te proceed., ,.
with the taking of its testimony in auswc.."
As the defendants in the various bills, in ,,
equity were in court by virtue of their ,,
ieint acts as alleged conspirators, the' at-
I terney general, under the direction of th.e,a.
governor, anuiu accemuueu wiiu kue jus-,, .
tice and propriety of the case, and .of we),,.,,
settled practice, declined te order this.pne,',",',;
defendant te proceed te open its defense; , ,,
until the 'commonwealth had clefKjd.tfjip,,,,,,)
testimony iu the case of all the defendant .,,',
As te the commonwealth, plaint ifljti 9'
legal status of the defendants was pre- ',
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