Lancaster daily intelligencer. (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, February 24, 1880, Image 1
v .... ...II . I "J" n jfimnna u"i ijpjininiii) i. n. c I . l , j -. v w,mwrajiiiiu iihuiiw wji.w ;M!seCTHiSS - - t i ih j ; &-, Pt f ' s- ft, " aru ?a.ummnum?e . . wyv - Mil JIT' -- -1 Volume XVI Ne. 149. TERMS. THE DAILYINTELLIGENCER, PUBLISHED ZTXRT XVEYIITO, BY STEINMAN & HENSEL, Intelligencer Building, Southwest Cerner of Centre Square. The Daily Istellieekcer is furnished te subscriber in the City of Lancaster and sur rounding towns, accessible by ISailread and Iially Stage Lines at Tex Cets 1'er Week, payable te the Carriers, weekly. By Mail, $5 a year in advance : otherwise, fi. Kntered at the pest efliceat Lancaster, Ia., as second class mail matter. a-The STEAM JOB I'KINTIXG DEI'AKT M EXT of this establishment possesses unsur passed facilities for the execution of all kinds of I'luin and Fancv l'rintinsr. COAJ B. IS. MAUTIX, Wholesale and Ketail Dealer in all kinds of LUMBER AXD COAL. 4SYunI : Xe. 420 Xerth Water and Prince streets, above Lemen, Lancaster. nS-lyu c6alT"ceal! nc6ALTC0AL! Ceal of the West Quality put up expressly for family use, and at the low- c-t market prices. TRY A SAMPLE TON. VST VAUI ISO SOUTH WATKK ST. iicSMyd PHILIP SCIIUM.S.OX & CO. JUST KKCKIVEI) A FINK LOT OF KALI'D TIMOTHY HAY, at M. F. STEIGERWALT & SON'S, dealeils in COAL. ! FLOUR ! I GRALN ! ! ! FAMILY COAL UXDER COVER. Minnesota Patent Precess family and Baker's Fleur. Baled Hay and Feed of all kinds. Wai chouse anil Yard : 234 North Water St s27-lyd "C0H0 & WILEY," :;.W SOUTH WATER ST., Ijancaater, l'a., Wholesale and Retail Dealers in LUMBER AND COAL. Alse, Contractors and Builders. l.xtimati-s made ami contracts undertaken en all kinds of buildings. Branch Office : Ne. 3 XORTH DUKE ST. feb2S-lyd COAL! - - -"coal n OO TO GrORRECHT & CO., rer Geed anil Cheap Ceal. Yard HarrKburg l'ike. Office 20J4 East Chestnut Street. P. W. GORRECHT, Agt. J. B.RILEY. W. A. KELLER. eH-lyil N eriRE TO THE PUHL1C. G. SENER & SONS. Will continue te sell only QEXVINE LYKEN8 VALLEY and WILKESBARRE GOALS which arc the best in the market, and sell as LOW as the LOWEST, and net only GUAR AXTEE FULLWEIGIIT, butallew te WEIGH OX AXY scale in geed order. Alse Rough and Dressed Lumber, Sash Deers, Blinds, &c.,at Lewest Market Prices. Office and yard northeast corner Prince and Walnut streets, Lancaster, Pa. janl-tfd HOOKS AXV STATIOXERY. pAl'KTEIUE AND 1MUT1IUAY UAItDS. IN GREAT VARIETY, AT THE HOOK AM) STATIONERY STOKE L. M. FLYNN'S, Ne. 42 WEST KING STKEET. 1880. 1880. VALENTINES! A CHOICE STOCK OF MARCUS WARD & GO'S Valentines and Valentine CARDS, Unsurpassed in variety of design and bea uty FOR SALE AT BOOK STORE OF JOffl BAER'S SOIS, 15 and 17 NORTH QDEBN STREET, LANCASTER. PA. ROOTS AXIi SHOES. 17 CAT" HOOTS. SHOES AND lasts lll..J5 J- made en a new principle, insur ing comfort for the feet, -I"v'"PO Iist-s made te order. XJUUlO MILLER, leblt-tfd 133 East King street. c IKCUMSTANCES WILL NOT VKRMIT TO AUVKlrriSE A REDUCTION I PRICES, hut we will de the next thing te it, viz : We will call the attention of our friends and customers te the fact that we have en hand a very Large Stock of BOOTS AND SHOES, purchased heterc the late ADVANCE, which we will sell at Strictly Old Prices. tj3Give us a call. A. ADLER, 43 WEST KING STREET mtiTixa inks, jtc. XT SE THE BEST. HARRISON'S CELEBRATED WRITING INKS, FLUIDS AXD MUCILAGE. Give them a trial. Ask yenr stationer for them and take no ether. 43-SPECIAL KATES ter inks in bulk for Schools and Colleges. HARRISON XANVFACTURINO CO., 512 Broadway, New Yerk. Please mention this paper. fcbS-lmu&w CIMTHJXQ. NEW GOODS FOR FALL & WINTER. We are new prepared te show the public one of the largest stecKS of READY3IADE CLOTHING ever exhibited in the city et Lancaster. Geed Working Suits for men $0.00. Geed Styles Cassimere Suits for men $7.50. Our All Weel Men's Suits that we arc selling ler $9.00 are as geed as you can buy elsewhere for $12.00. Our stock of Overcoats are immense. All grades and every variety of styles and colors, for men, boys and youths, all our own manufac ture. Full line of Men's, Youths' ami Beys Suits. Full line of Men's, Youths' and Bey.-, Overcoats. CUSTOM DEPARTMENT ! We are prepared te show one et the best stocks of Piece Goods te select from and have made te order ever shown in the city, lliey are all arranged en tables litted up expressly se that every piece can be examined before making a selection. All our goods have been purchased before the rise in woolens. Me are pienared te make up in geed style and at short notice and at bottom prices. We make te or der an All Weel Suit for $12.00. By buying your goods at CENTRE HALL you save one profit, as we manufacture all our own Clothing and give employment te about one hundred hands. Call and examine our stock and beconvincediistethe truth et which we affirm. MYERS & RATHFON, Centre Hall, Ne. 12 East King Street. gPEC CIAL NOT1CK. 60. 68. Mansman&Bre. OF OVERCOATS AND HEAVY SUITINGS. SPECIAL 1XDUCEMEXTS tobuvei-sef Clethinir in order te make loom for a large SPRIXG STOCK new being maim ... . . . . iT ......... i.. .tit... iacmivti. anil we are iiucuiug iuuui, well-made and styli-.li We offer Clothing for Men and Beys LOWER PRICES than ever heard of before, although Geed-, are going up every day. We will -ell, ter we must Tiave the loom. Loek at Our Astonishingly Lew Trice List : OVERCOATS! OVERCOATS: OVERCOATS! for$2.!K), ter $3.83, for $r.3.", for $0.75. OVERCOATS ! OVERCOATS ! OVERCOATS ler $7.75. ler $9.75, for $10.75. OVERCOATS ! OVERCOATS ! OVERCOATS ! for $12, $14, $10and$20. These are heavy-lined Overcoat-, carefully made and splendidly trimmed. OVERCOATS! OVERCOATS! OVERCOATS ter $7.50, for $s.50, for $9.50, for $12. OVERCOATS ! OVERCOATS ! OVERCOATS ! for $15, for $18, for $20. The-e are Plaid-Rack Overcoats, equal te custom work. HEAVY, M EX'S SUITS ! ler $3.50, $4.00, $5.00, $7.00, $9.00, $10.00. MEX'S SUITS FOR FIXE DRESS ! for $12.00, $14.00, $15.00, $1G.OO, $18.00 and $20,00. BOYS' SUITS AXD OVERCOATS ! BOYS' SUITS lrem $2.25 te $10.00. BOYS' OVERCOATS VERY LOW. We sell only our own make anil guarantee satisfaction. Meney returned en all goetls net leund as represented. SPlcasc call, whethcryen wish te purcliase or net. T Is stocked with the latest styles, which make te measure at the lowest cash prices ; guarantee a perfect fit. intl SUITS TO OKDEIl from $12 upwards. PAXTS TO OKDEK from $3.50 upwards. D. GANSMAN & BRO., MERCHANT TAILORS AXD CLOTHIERS, 6G & 68 NORTH QUEEN ST., S. W. Cerner et Orange, Lancaster, Pa. (Bausman's Cerner.) eeuxvers axi machinists. L ANCASTKK BOILER 3IANUFACT0RY, SHOP ON PLUM STREET, OrresiTEtHK Locomotive Works. The subscriber centinuw te manufacture BOILERS AND STEAM ENGINES, Fer Tanning and ether purposes ; Furnace Twlers, Bellows Pipes, Shcet-inm Werk, and ltlacksmithlng generally. $fST Jobbing promptly attended te. augls-lyd JOHN 15EST. TIXM'AJtJi, AC' CALL ON SHKUTZEK, HUMPUUEVILLE & KIEFFElt, manutactuiers of TIN' AXI) SIIEET-IUOX WOUK, and dealers In GAS FIXTURES AXD HOUSE FURNISHING GOODS. Special attention given te PLUMBING, GAS and STEAM FITTING Ne. 40 East King Street, Lancaster, Pa. MAllJiLE WOKKI WE P. FRAILEY'S MONUMENT AIi MARBLE WORKS 758 Nerm yueen Street, Lancaster, Pa. MONUMENTS, HEAD AND FOOT STONES, GARDEN STATUARY, CEMETERY LOTS ENCLOSED, &c. All work guaranteed and satisfaction gi en in every particular. N. II. Remember, works at the extreme end of North (Juccn street. mSOl CLOTHING. SMALING'S Grand Opening et SPBIM WOOLMS! Londen and Parisian Novelties, THE LARGEST ASSORTMENT, CHOICE SELECTIONS, CORRECT AXD LEADING STYLES. Having enlarged room, extended facilities and increased light ler displaying the Hand somest Stock of WOOLENS GENTLEMEN'S WEAR ever offered ie the public, PAXORAMA of forming a G rami Beauty Taste, Talent and Skill. The latest Novelties of the Season. All are cordially invited te examine our stock. Prices en plain cards as low as consist ent with lirst-class Werk and Trimmings. J. K. SMALING, ARTIST TAILOR, 121 North Queen Street. mar8-lydS&W CENTRE HALL7 24 CENTRE SQUARE. Closing out our WINTER STOCK AT In order te make room ler the Large Spring Stock, "Which we are new manufacturing. Overcoats, Suits and Suitings, Te he sold at the Lewest Prices. 1 B. Wetter t Sen, 24 CENTRE SQUARE- 20-lyil .LANCASTER. PA. A RARE CKAICE ! The Greatest Reduction of all in FIXE CLOTHES. H. GERHARTS Tailoring Establishment. All Heavy Weight Woolens made te order (for cash only) at COST PRICE. I have also just received a Large Assortment et the Latest Novelties in ENGLISH, SCOTCH AND AMERICAN SUITINGS Of Medium Weight, for the EARLY SPRING TRADE. These goods were all ordered before the rise in Woolens, and will be made te order at re markably low prices. Alse, aFinc Line et SPRING OVERCOATING, H. GKEBH ART'S, Ne. 51 North Queen Street. ciiixa AJfit ezAssn'Aiti:. -VJ-OTICK! NOTIUK!! Te Save Moving China, Glass and Queensware Will be sold at REDUCED PRICES, AT CHINA HALL. HIGH & MABTIN, Ne. 8 East Kins Street. DRVO STORES. TKUSSES!! TRUSSES . jiUUSSESt Greatly Safest, Easiest and Best, FOB SALE BY ANDREW G. FRET'S City Pharmacy, Southeast Cor. North Queen Orange SU., Lancaster. apl'J-lyd LANCASTER, PA., TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 24, 1880. 3Lamastcr Intelligencer. TUESDAY EVENING, FEB. 24, 1880. Light and Eclipses. Faper Read Before the Star Club, February SOth, by Miss Mary Martin. After having had presented te us the subjects of our Earth, its Moen and fellow planets, their centre the Sun, a possible theory of their evolution, together with the majestic circle, the zodiac, we come te that medium by which these visible, "most ancient heavens," in their glory and beauty are known te us. Liirhr, from some source or ether, is se common a thing in our ex perience that we forget the magnitude of its work until we attempt te marshal its forces. Without it life would become extinct and animation cease. Without it all nature is nothing ; the heavens fade ; the earth dies. Without it we are sur rounded, if we can for a short time exist, with black darkness the darkness that may be felt and, if we are te take their plagues literally, I cannot conceive hew the Egyptians could have waited for a worse plague te fall upon them than " the horror of great darkness." But, instead of considering the state of a universe without this most inspiring ele ment, let us regard it, net in the order of its creation, nor as a necessarily evolved force, but in the view of some of its less hidden mysteries. And first let us in quire, Hew Dees the Sunlight Get te Us ? The motion of light is explained by the wave-theory. It is assumed that all space between us and the sun and stars is filled with a subtle, delicate ether, and that through it the great heart of our system, by its pulsations, sends out light and life te us in unceasing waves. Se we must dismiss the poetical idea of " swift-winged arrows of light. " and imagine a series of undulations, moving with a speed which no mind can comprehend, straight away from their source, through utter darkness, through cold, black space, never stepping, never resting, till they strike upon the earth and warm it, or upon the eye and produce vision. And in the same way we have the light of stars, though the waves, traveling the enormous distances between them and us, have become old aud feeble by the time wc receive them. Indeed, se great is their distance that when we leek at a star we de net see the star of te-day, but that of years age. The velocity of these waves is about 18o, 18e, 000. miles per second, and the time of their traversing the distance from the Sun 92,000,000 miles is 8J minutes. Imagi native comparisons have been made be tween this degree of swiftness and that of several things with which we are somewhat acquainted. We are told that it would take a cannon ball about thirteen years te traverse the same distance, and the sound of its explosion somewhat longer ; that it would take an express train about 200 years ; that it would take sensation about 132 years te travel from a finger-tip se far removed from a brain. Sound and .sensa tion are fast travelers, measured by ordi nary standards, but when wc conceive of light as mevifig a million times faster than sound, and ten million times faster than sensation, we can scarcely believe that the mind t " swifter than the darting ray." The discovery of the rate of nropaga nrepaga nropaga tien of light-waves is due te a Danish astro nomer, ltcemer, and it was made while he was engaged in observing eclipses of the moons of Jupiter. The inner one of the four satellites revolves around its primary in 42 hours, and is eclipsed in every revolution. Rajmer noticed that each successive return into the shadow of the planet was after a perceptibly longer interval, and that, alter a nunareu returns, the moon was fifteen minutes behind what apparently should have been the proper instant for its eclipse. Upen reflection the astronomer concluded that this differ ence was caused by the fact that the Earth and Jnpiter had moved farther away from each ether, and that if light, the agent communicating the eclipse, required time for its passage through space, it obviously would need mere when the planets were larther away from, than when they were nearer te, each ether. Subsequent calculations established the fact that when the Earth is in that point of its orbit most remote from Jupiter the eclipse of the satellite oc curs 10 minutes later than when at its nearest. And since it then is 185,000,000 miles farther from Jupiter, the calculation is easily made te gain the velocity of light. The same result is obtained independ ently of the moons of Jupiter by means of the aberration of the light of certain stars, by which is meant the displacement of these stars owing te the progressive move ment of litrht. together with that of the motion of the Earth in its orbit. It is found by this .means that light travels 10,089 times as fast as the Earth. Besides, several delicate and accurate methods for measuring the velocity of artificial light have been devised, which confirm the re sults obtained from these observations, and se we may conclude that the speed which has been already named is very nearly correct. We will assume that wc arc acquainted with certain laws of physics, viz. : that a ray of light moves in straight lines se long as the medium it traverses is of uniform density ; that, striking upon some surface, it is caused te rebound or is absorbed ; and that entering a rarer or a denser medium it is broken or refracted ; and will then consider The Composition of Light. In its nerfect state liirht is white, but the white ray is a compound of a series of ether ravs. se mixed as te neutralize each ether. If the unbroken ray is passed through a prism, the solar spectrum, an oblong image of these dispersed rays, five times as long as wide, is produced, show ing the waves spread out ; the slower ones with longer undulations having fallen be hind at the lower end of the line, and the mere rapid ones having run up te the farther end. In this passage through the prism the light is refracted, and each of its component partss the red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, or violet ray, running into each ether through an infinite series of gradation is made refractory in its own degree, the red being least turned out of the straight course, and the violet most. New, light comes in undulations te the eye as sound te the ears ; a certain number of vibrations et a musical cnera produces one sound, and as these vibrations are increased or diminished this one is varied ; se with light. If its vibrations fall upon eye at the rate of 396 te 470 millions of millions per second red light will be the one seen, and if from 716 te 705 millions of millions, violet will be the result. The remaining prismatic colors depend upon the intermediate numbers. These vibrations are as marvelous in respect te their size as te their speed ; se very small are they that mere than 50,000 are contained in a single inch. And if this is true hew many must there be in the vast space between us and the sun, and hew many must pass any one point in a single second or strike upon the eve in that short period ! The color el an object uepenas men upon the size of waves which come back te the eye, aud we see things differently accord ing te their power of absorbing or extin guishing certain of the rays which fall upon them. When the light which enters an object is wholly absorbed we call it black ; if en the contrary all kinds of light are reflected from it we call it white, and between these two extremes lie the sub stances which absorb the rays unequally. When the sunlight strikes a green leaf it has the power of absorbing and makinguse of all the rays except the green, and se they may come te the eye. Every pansy with the tips of its petals sending te us deep violet waves, then shading with an exquisite gradation te yellow, and back again until towards the heart of the flower almost every ray is absorbed, leads us te wonder net only at the delicacy of coloring, but at the differences of construction in se very small a space, which will here threw off the violet, and again from some change in structure which no human eye can de tect, absorb these and threw off some ether. We have the plant-stem reflecting one kind of waves, the leaves another, the nearer envelopes of the flower another, and each petal, or sometimes minute parts of a petal, still another. " Who can paint Like Light "i Can imagination beast Amid life uay creation huc-i like these. Ami can he mix them with that matchless skill, Anil lay them en se delicately tine. Anil lese them in each ether, as appears In every bull that blows?" The mind is unable te grasp any idea of the millions of millions just referred te, and especially when they succeed each ether in a brief second, but in point of fact when sunlight flashes upon the eye, shocks as frequant as these enumerated strike upon its nerve structure. And net only does light de work directly for the day-spring from en high with this velocity, but in like manner it darts from every re flecting surface with an infinitude of rays from each one, and tells with unerring truth the story of mountain, river and plain, and of minute and delicate objects as well. Besides the visible image shown in pass ing a ray of light through a prism there are alseinvisible heat and chemical spec trums, the former being at the red end of the line and the latter at the violet, and these diil'er from light only as red and violet differ from each ether. Te prove that heat vibrations may be turned into light, if a platinum wire is warmed by the electric current it will at first emit waves of heat but no light. Strengthening the cut rent the wire will presently glow with a sober red light, and if the temperature of the platinum is sufficiently increased, shorter and shorter waves are produced until we have the successive introduction of all the colors of the spectrum. After having seen this experiment wc may con clude that color is all in the eye. Upen the chemical or actinic rays de pends the art of photography which has proved of very great importance in regis tering these astronomical phenomena which, from their short duration and con stant shifting, baffle all ordinary descrip tion. Though many telescopic observa tions had been made upon the sun-spots, and careful drawings of them given, it was net till the sun took his own picture that a satisfactory result was obtained. When the difficulty of gaining an instant with suitable atmospheric and solar con ditions was surmounted, the result was a picture which surprised the most careful observers. The views of "rice-grains and willow leaves " are a delight te the un scientific, as well as a revelation te the as tronomer. The appearance of the corona at the time of a total eclipse, which from the effect of its very grandeur upon the minds of the observers prevented any just description, has in the same way been caught at various moments and examined. The views of the moon, tee, have revealed her teDOL'ranhv te the student of astron emy with as much clearness as could the best telescopes. Photography, which means "light drawing," is, however, a misnomer for the art, as a picture is net made by the luminous rays, but by dark ones, which produce chemical changes in certain compounds. Strictly speaking, light is the agent which, acting upon the eye, produces vis ion, anu new that wc nave uiese mice w-ways-asseciated radiant forces luminous rays, which produce vision ; heat rays, which affect all kinds of matter ; and chemical rays, which decompose and com bine elements wc may reflect net only en its visible effects, flooding earth, air and heavens with the brightness, comfort and beauty which constantly appeal te the senses, but might also fellow it into the earth, where it has stored up flame aud heat and power for ages te come, and where it new stirs into life every tiny seed, But that is net our purpose, and wc will return te the luminous prismatic ray. It was Sir Isaac Newton who first de composed lijjht by passing the beam from a hole through a prism. But this spectrum was net pure, because the prism gave a series of overlapping images of the aper ture. Mere than a hundred years after, the spectrum obtained by passing light through a narrow opening or slit was examined, and it was found crossed in various places by fine dark iincs. These lines, known as " Fraunhofer's lines," because he made them the subject of investigation and ex periment, have been the means of many important discoveries, especially in solar and stellar nhvsics. Fraunhefcr found that they did net vary at any season nor atViny time of day ; that the 590 he at first counted were always present,in their exact positions,and that the light from the Moen and from Jupiter contained the same sys tem of lines as the direct sunlight, and he concluded that the cause for them existed in the Sun. By means of the spectroscepo metals in a state of luminous vapor may be ex amined, aud from many cases it has been generalized that each line in the spectrum has its definite place, which is the result of the laws of structure in the substance which gives the spectrum. By making numerous comparisons between the spectra of known elements, as hydrogen, copper, iron, lead, &c, and these of the sun and stars, the coincidences disclosed fully prove that many of these exist in the heavenly bodies, although there are also many lines net known te pertain te terrestrial oeines. These points will be further developed when the class has its premised paper en optical instruments, but we may conclude from what has been said that light reveals te us the elements of the stars and hew they differ from each ether. Absorption of Light by the Atmosphere. Let us new observe some of the practi cal everyday effects of our principles of absorption and reflection of light. Te get te the Earth light roust pass through the air, and, as we might certainly expect from every combination of Nature's making, the union of the two is the source of many delights te the creature that uses his senses. The atmosphere is one of the most trans narent of bodies, and it consequently has the power of transmitting a great deal of light te the earth ; but besides, it absorbs some rays and reflects ethers mere espec ially the blue. Se by this particular re flection, instead of our looking out into a black sky, as would be the case if there were no atmosphere, these rays are brought te the eye which are most pleasing. New, if air turns aside this one ray in the passage of light through it, it fellows that the mere air the light encounters, the greater will be the less of that ray. This proves te be the case, for at the time the beams of the rising or setting sun reach us athwart the wide stretch of atmosphere towards the horizon, the blue rays have disappeared, and there are left the red, yellow or purple, te make the gorgeous coloring which we have in the morning or evening, varied according te atmospheric conditions. The gleams that " illume the pates Of the lest sun. Theybrinjr Ne increase like the piine of sun and showers; Only a moment's brightness te the earth. Only a moment's gleam In common life Yet who would change them for the wealth of worlds !" If we remember that wc see through less atmosphere when looking directly overhead than when looking towards the horizon, aud that the mere air the light passes through, the mere blue rays ate pushed aside, wc can easily see why we can leek at the sun in the morning or evening, while at noonday we would be blinded ; why the blue of the sky is deeper overhead than towards the horizon, and why it glows mere intense at greater ele vations. If there should be an immediate tran sitien from the brightness of full sunlight te the blackness of midnight, -we would ' lese a most delightful part of the day I twilight as well as be put te considerable inconvenience in adjusting our eyes and , employments te the sudden change. Full daylight, however, gradually fades away into darkness, and the nitrht gradually , makes way for the mernir irmn" asattl. Alter the Sun sinks below the horizon it still shines upon the particles of air above, and these reflect the light te the earth that is, its strong and littlc-iefrangible red rays, because of the great amount of intervening atmosphere. In passing, it may be noted that, astronomically speaking, twilight lasts in the evening until the Sun has sunk ( eighteen degrees below the horizon, or until stars of the sixth magnitude arc visi j hie, and begins m the morning when he is again within a like number of degrees. There are also certain Phenomena Due te Refraction te which we will yet give a moment. Prob ably very few people, however dull or ig neranr, have net at some time been thrilled with the beauty of that arch spanning the heavens "the" bow set in the clouds." The solar ravs are decomposed by the rain-drops and then reflected te the eve, the observer bcin back ' lu tween the rainbow and the sun. llien the twinkling of the stars! These would net seem se friendly te us if they were shining as cold, fixed points, but owing te the various layers of air being of differ ent densities their rays are broken and the twinkling light is the result. There are also the hales around the moon, and less frequently around the sun, caused by the refraction and decomposition of light-rajs, by particles of moisture or crystals of ice, in the higher regions of the atmosphere, which may be named as distinct, beauties. Net only docs light awaken us te the magnificence of the heavens and the brightness of the earth, but the glorious hale of the Moen, the resplendent corona of the Sun, "the foam of the sea-shore, the plumage of birds, the various films that float upon the surface of waters, the deli cate tints of flowers and rich hues of fruits, all combine te remind us that every ray of light comes like an :.ngclic artist sent from heaven, bearing upon his palette the most celestial tints with which te beautify the earth and show the illimitable glory of Ged." Eclipses. All the planets, primaries and seconda secenda ries, have their halves in alternate illumina tion and shade, and since the Sun, their centre of light, is much larger than any of them, they cast conical shadows in the di rection opposite te him. These shadows depend in size upon the diameter of the planets and their distances from the Sun. That part of the shadow in which, in case of a solar eclipse, the spectator can sec no portion of the Sun's disc, is called the umbra ; aud the space of partial illumina tion between the umbra and full light is called the penumbra. If the Sun were merely a point of light the shadows cast would be all umbra, but beinj' se large there is also a partial large mere is suse a j.ai ii.u shadow. This may be made clear by tak- - nig uvu cunuiea iu icpic..., n.u wi'i'"" edges of the Sun, placing them rather near together, ami oescivmg me wiauew uiey CttMi Oil LilU W.lll lltjlll tiltj i"Jvu , iiv v.. cither side of the dark shadow thrown by both candles will be a lighter one thrown only by one. The shadow cast by any of the primary planets converges te a point before it reaches its next outer neighbor, but it may fall upon and eclipse its own satellite, and the shadow of the latter may fall upon and eclipse its primary. The cause of our own solar or lunar eclipses may be clearly understood by ref erence te any figure representing the rela tive positions of the Sun, Earth and Moen. The only point net there made manifest is why an eclipse of the Sun does net occur at every new-moon, or an eclipse of the Moen every time she has moved te the ether side of the Earth, or is full. But thjs is made clear when wc knew that the plane of the Moen's orbit is inclined te that of the Earth about five degrees, se tlmt the full Moen is sometimes above or below the shadow of the Earth, and the latter above or below the shadow of the new-moon. When the Moen is at or near one of her nodes that is near either point where the orbit of the Moen penetrates the ecliptic twice in every revolution there will be an eclipse of tlie Sun or of the Moen, as the case may be. Accurately, if the Moen is within seventeen degrees of her node, when in conjunction, she will eclipse the Sun ; andif within twelve degrccef her node when in opposition she will be eclipsed mere or less. There arc then about JJ:J degrees twice 10J in which eclipses of the Sun may occur; and 21 degrees in which eclipses of the Moen may occur, about each node. This gives 66 degrees of the 360 for eclipses of the Sun, and 42 for these of the Moen ; and the propor tion of solar te lunar eclipses is as 66 te 42 or as 11 te 7. Selar eclipses are of three kinds, which vary with the apparent magnitudes and positions of the Sun and Moen. First : If their centres arc en a straight line with the Earth's and if the apparent diameter of the Moen exceed that of the Sun, there is a total eclipse. Since the Moen is much smaller than the Sun, it must be borne in mind that it is her comparative nearness te us which causes her ever te appear equal te or greater than the Sun ; and this point may be made clear te the least imaginative by holding a penny immediately before his eye while looking at any object however large. Secend: If the centres et these three bodies are in the same relative posi tion, but the Moen beinc se far removed from the earth that its apparent diameter is lessened, or. explained in ether wercis, if its shadow comes te a point before it reaches the earth, there will be an annu lar eclipse se called from the ring of light visible around the edge of the Sun. Third : If the Moen does net pass central ly ever the Sun, but covers only a part of it, large or small, there is a partial eclipse. In anv of these cases the observer must station himself within the region of the umbra for a perfect view of the eclipse, or of the penumbra for any view at all the eclipse net being visible te outsiders. The Price Twe Cents. breadth of the Moen's umbra at the dis tance of the Earth, does net exceed 160 miles. Referring te Baer's almanac you will find that the eclipse of Jan. 11, this year which was total for California, was partial for western Missouri, and farther cast was net seen at all. Total eclipses are of rare occurrence, se that descriptions of thorn are of interest te these who have net had the geed fortune te sec one. Mr. Leckycr, in his Astron omy, says that a total eclipse of the sun is at once one of the grandest and most awe inspiring sights it is possible for man te witness. As the eclipse advances, but be fore the disk is wholly ebscxircd, the sky grows of a dusky lurid, or purple, or yel lowish crimson color, which gradually gets darker and darker, and the color appears te run ever large portions of the sky irre spective of the clouds. The sea turns lurid red. This singular coloring and darkening of the landscape is quite unlike the approach of night and gives rise te a feeling of sadness. The Moen's shadow sweeps across the surface of the e.uth and is even seen in the air ; the rapidity of its motion and its intensencss produce a fcel injr that something material is rushing ever the fcartn, ami at a speeti periccuy frightful. All sense of distance is lest ; the faces of men assume a livid hue, newcra close, fowls hasten te roost, cocks crew, birds flutter te the ground in fright dogs whine, sheep collect -tegctiier as it apprehending danger, horses and oxen he uuwn, uusuiuiicijr luainiie iiiu nui mm cead : in a word, the whole animal world seems frightened out of its usual propri ety. Premising that Bailey's beads (se named from the observerwhe first discovered them) are dots of light en the edge of the moon, and arc caused by the sun shining through the depressions between the lunar moun tains ; and that the odd protuberances re ferred te have been found by the spectro scope te be masses of hydrogen gas se het as te shine by its own light, I will read part of the report of the cclipoef 18C9, as seen by Gen. Mayer of the U. S. signal ser vice, from White Tep mountain, near Ab Ab ingten, Virginia : The telescopic appearance of the corona or aureela during the totality, exhibited a clear yellowish bright light, closely sur sur renndinsr the lunar disk and fading grad- ua"y wtn perhaps some tinge of pinkish green, into me uuu ei wie ii.irK.eueu . Upen this corona, cxtcndiug beyond its brightest portion, the well-defined rosc resc rosc celorcd preminences were projected at va rious points of the ciicumfeicncc. c Te the unaided eye the eclipse presented during the total obscuration, a vision magnificent beyond descrip tion. As a centre steed the full and intensely black disc of the Moen, surrounded by the aureela of a soft, bright light, through which shot out, as if from the circumference of the Moen, straight, massive silvery rays seem ing distinct and separate from each ether, the whole spectacle showing upon a background of diffused rose-celoied light. " The approach of the Moen's shadow did net appear te he marked by any de fined line, or the movement of any dark column of shade through the air. The darkness fell gradually, shrouding the dim earth below in most impressive gloom. At the same time, and in vivid contrast, the clouds above the horizon were illuminated with a soft radiance ; these towards the East with the lights of a coming dawn, orange and rose prevail ing : these northward and westward with rainbow bands of varied hues. "A very cursory examination only could be given the stars and planets visible dur ing the totality, as in a clear twilight at evening, Venus and Mercury, near the ap parent place of the Sun. exhibited an un expected brilliancy, and a member of the observing corps was impressed with the number of stars visible, net confined te these of the first magnitude only. The fall of the temperature was marked as the obscuration approached and reached totality, their horses continued te feed quietly during the increasing darkness as at an approaching sunset. " At the moment of emersion the first ravs of the sun showed thcms Ives at sev- , ,i.tnnliwl nuints en its western limb. fePlllins again the Bailey's Beads which wcsicra iiiue, unitcd in a delicate crescent. It W;K a strikiu,r circumstance connected it, th j , phenomena that se many of its details could be observed with the un aided eye. In this manner our guides saw very readily Baily's Bead-;, exclaim ing that the sun was breaking te pieces, and could distinguish without difficulty some of the protuberances." Eclipses of the Moen. Lunar eclipses are of two kinds, which arc, first, total, if the moon is entirely im mersed in the earth's shadow ; and second, partial. There can be no annular eclipses of the moon because in any case when she has her centre en the same line as the earth, the shadow of the latter will be greater than the moon's disc. Since eclipses of the moon are caused by a real cutting off of her light, it fellows that they may be seen en any part of the earth te which she is visible, and while atetal eclipse of the sun cannot last mere than five or six minutes, and sometimes only a few seconds one of the moon may last nearly two hours, and the gradual coming en and going off of the shadow may increase the entire time of the eclipses te three or four hours. This difference will be made clear when we recall th.it the apparent diameter of the Moen exceeds that-of the Sun by a very small amount, while the cone of the Earth's shadow even when it reaches the Moen is really greater than the diameter of the latter. In a lunar eclipse the moon is gradually darkened as she enters the earth's penum bra and then again she is gradually im mersed into the real shadow. Even when she is totally eclipsed she does net become entirely invisible, but still shines with a dull red light, which is refracted into the shadow by the Earth's atmosphere through which the sunlight must pass in order te reach the Moen. As she travels from West te East we first see her eastern side slightly dim, and this is the first contact with the penumbra of almanacs. And as she emerges from the umbra we have the last contact with the dark shadow, and. finally, last contact with the penumbra, and the eclipse is ever. Eclipses can be calculated with a geed degree of ceitainty by any one, net only for years te come, but for ages which are past, owing te their known periodic recur rence, found after many observations. They are calculated by astronomers te thu second, by mere complex methods, for an explanation of which persons interested are referred te Ncwcemb, or any ether au thority upon this interesting subject. A.TTORNEXS-AT-T.A W A. J. STKINMAN, Intelligencer .Building, Southwest Cerner Cen tre Square, Lancaster, Fa W. U.HKNSfcL, Intelligencer Building, Southwest Cerner Cen tre Square. Lancaster, l'a. UKNKY A.KILKY Attorney anil Counseller-at-Law 21 l'ark Kew, New Yerk. Collections made in all parts or the United Slates, and a general legal business transacted, llefers by peniiissien te Steinman X Hensel. USE LOCHEB'S POWDEKS. HOUSE AND CATTL- m ;u m ,W )