hole No. 2638. MtIGEkLAMEOiIJL Interesting Eailroad Dialogue. Altered from the MaueK Chunk Gazette. Notwithstanding our wonJerfui progress a, a people —our steam and electricity, our *<->'!- n( i colleges, there are still here , n j there some people who have never seen ;• traveled in anything like a railroad car. Vn entire family of this class, consisting a man, wife son aud daughter, residing in an adjoining county, took passage one Earning last week, for a through trip over [he Pennsylvania Railroad. The party —our reporter carefully taking , t e—on the platform, and the ears back : _• Bp. lanny—(the daughter,( Hi mommy, so _tis icli labe do kummen hinnersich ? Mommy —Well, now, inissa wer dort nei geh in selly longe wegga ? Daudy —M-n-a yah, dord gehtsnei. Cars stop, and Conductor sings out ' all aboard.' Daudy—Schfopp, Schtopp do du, mere weila in it, sei now net in so ra hurry. Conductor —Just step in here—this ear, •his car, politely offering to assist the la dies. Mommy —Kuinm du, Fanny, blcib zur ; L. loss der Daudy forna naus geh. Funny—yah tin der Johnny mag ach f rna naus gcth. Johnny—Nay ich geh niit der mommy. Dandy—Kummet yeta—cs braucht eich i ct bong sei. Mommy —Is ess donn now miglich das :.ier in selly grosse dinger dort nei gcht. Daudy—Kum yusht, net bong sic. Conductor —Just step in—time's up all aboard. All bands in tho car—Locomotive whistles. Johnny—Eye Daudy, was awer-s 11 peift—for was donna sie so ewig loud peifa? Daudy—-Et da* die lejt ous em weg :eu, for wons cmohl shpringt donn gehts iver alles nous, t'ars commence running, fanny—Now, Mommy, was es drum so Ftorrlck springt. Mommy —Mer mehnt doch now net das essie kennt, Wos alJes drum so rieis is do hin, yusht grand tg wie inner slitoob. Fanny—l n was shay mer do sitzt. Mommy—Vusht about shay, is so waii-U, mer mchnt dich now net das es sei kennt. Daudy —-M n-a yah, des will dull, es loost sich faura dennaweg. Fanny—Was debt awer die Sal Wanne liuchci uo dertzu sage wan sie emohl uo in soma grsnda wagga fahra kennt? Mommy-—Do dummus ding du, des is ken wagga, des is cn car. Johnny—lch wunner doch now wie das sie cn so viorrick springe mache kt-nna. Cars stop, and the Conductor calls out MeV.eytown. Mommy—Wie wiet sin mer yets ..hun ganga ? Daudy —Elf odor twelfmile. Mommy—Ei du (loft noch emohl, mer jet doch net denka das es miglich wer so Torrick zu travella in som na ear; was druui alles so grand ufgefixed is ! Daudy—M n a yah, qn des hot auch yust about geld kosht. Johnny—Mommy, mommy, wie wcit genua mer now nocli denna wake' .Mommy—Yah, met guter bu, deskauna ich der net sanga, do wehs ich nix dcruf —de Icann yusht de daudy sauga. Daudy—Es gelit noch en ordlich slitick do nunner. Fanny—Nan mommy, gook yusht was es springht—ich glaub net das sies meh sthoppa kennn. Mommy—Ei du (jott nochetnole was nnche mer don do. Daudy— O sie kennas whol slitoppa wann sie wella—net angsht sie. Momtuv—O ich set dann auch net den ka das sie es so storrick geh uiacha dehta da es niniiny shtoppt. Johnny—Es gelit awer good—is soglat un so schlick. Daudy—M-n a-yah, sell is en fact. Johnny—Eye, mominy, gook cmohl r. >us dort, was en grosses wasser. Mommy—Sell, is ewa an rever. Fanny—Nay, mommy, sell is ken rever Mommy—Was is es dann wans ken rev er is ? Fanny—Eis sis die Juniata, gell Daudy sell is die Juniata ? Dandy—M-n-a-yah, ich denk sis. Car s again running fast. Mommy—Gott ini Himmel wan awer die cars do die lienk nunner springa dehta! Daudy—M n-a-yah, don dehta wer heit nimmr weiter geh. Fanny—Yah fersoufa dehta mer all mit nanner. Johnny—Ei la daas wasser dcef? Daudy—M-n-a-yah, do bin ich goot der fora. Mommy—Es deht anyhow iwer die kop naus geh. Cars stop, and the Conductor calls New ion Hamilton. Mommy—Was sie awer drum sog'shpas siche nauma do hen; dort drows wars Mc- ey stcttel, un yetz is cs Newton Hamil ton. Awer ea is ewe doch orrig neist do in dem ear. Daudy—M-n-a-yah, sell is es. Cars going at great 6peed. Mommy—Ei du Gott nocbemole, sag, wie weit geats dann noch ? Daudy—Well noch so an ordlich sbtick ?'"* ■"" MM mn, mMn wmsmrT^; Fanny—was hen sie )>- ablv saw froU) !b" first thai if was the Union which made as well our foreign as our domestic commerce. They can scarcely have failed to perceive thai the ef fort for disunion produces the existing difficulty, and that one strong nation promises more durable peace and more extensive and reliable commerce, than can the same nation broken into hostile fragment It is not tny purpose to review our discussions with foreign States, because whatever might be their m-di es, or dispositions, the integrity of our country and the stability ot oar government mainly depend Hot upon them, but on the loyalty, virtue, patriotism and intelligence of the American people. The correspondence itself with the usual reserva tion- is herewith submitted. I venture to hope it will appear that w have practised prudence and liberali ty towards foreign powers, averting causes of irr.ta tion H id witii tirmiu-ss maintainingoqrown rightsai d honor. Since, however, it is apparent tliat here, a- in every other State, foreign dangers necessarily attend domestic difficulties. I recommend that ;idequat< and ample measures be udoptvd for maintaining ilie public defences on every side. While under this general recommendation provi-- ion for defending our iteaeoast line occurs to the mind, i also, in the same connection, ask the attention <>t Congress to our great lakes and river-. It is leli"t ed that some fortifications and depots of arms and mu nition-, with harbor aud navigation improvements. >1! at well selected points upon these, would be of great importance to the national defence and preservation. I ask attention to the view- of the Secretary of War expressed iu his report upon the same general stile je. t. I deem it of importance that the loyal region of Kast Tennessee and Western North Carolina should be connected with Kentucky and other faithful parts of the Union by railroad. I therefore recommend, as a military measure, that Congress provide forthe con struction of such juvi as speedily as possible. Ken tucky. no doultt. will co-operate and. through her Leg islature. make the most judicious selection of n line. The northern teriiiinii* must connect with sonic exis ting railroad, and whether the ruto shall be from Lexington or Niebola-vilie to the Cumberland Gap, or from Lebanon to tlie Tei)qesgea line in the direction of Knoxvilie. or un some still different liue can readily be determined. Kentucky and the General Govern ment co-operating, the w : ork can lie completed in a very short time, and, when done, it will lie noj only of va-t present usefulness, but&lsoa valuable permanent improvement, with its cost, in all the future borne treaties designed chiefly for the interests of commerce, and having no grave political importance, have been negotiated, und will lie submitted to the Senate for their consideration. Although we have failed to induce some of the com mercial powers to adopt a desirable melioration of the rigor of a maratune war, we have removed all obstruc tions from the way of this humane reform, except sueh as are merely of temporary and accidental oe.- citrrene. I invite vour intention to the correspondence be tween her itritanoie Majesty's Minister, accredited to this Government, and the Secretary of State relative to the detention of the British ship Perthshire, in Jtit)e last, by the pgited States steamer Massachusetts, for a supposed breach of the blockade. As this detention was occasioned by ah obvious misapprehension of the foots, and as justice requires that we should commit no belligerent act not founded in strict right as sanc tioned by public law, I recommend that an appropji ation be made to satisfy the reasonable demand of the owners of the vessel for her detention. 1 repeat the recommendation of my predecessor, m his last annual message to Congress in December last, jn regard to the disposition of the surplus which will probahly remain after satisfying the claims of Ames, lean citizens against China, pursuant to the awards of the Commissioners under the act of the 3d of March, 1 559 - , . ~ If, however, it should not be deemed advisable to carry that recommendation into effect, I would sug gest" that authority be given for investing the prinei-. pal of the proceeds of the surplus referred to in good securities, with a view to the satisfaction of such oth er just claims of opr citizens against China as are not unlikely to arise hereafter in the course of our exten sive trade with that empire. By an act of the sth of August last, Congress au thorized the President to instruct the Comman ders of suitable vessels to defend themselves against and capture pirates. This authority has been exer cised in a single instance only. For the more effect ive protection of our extensive and valuable co|p mer c® jn tho Eastern seas, especially, it seems to me that it would be advisable to authorize the commanders of sailin" vessels to recapture any prizes which pirates may make of Doited States vessels and their cargoes, ana the Consular Courts now established by law in Eastern countries to adjudicate the cases, in the event that this should be objected toby the loyal authorities. If any good reason exists why vye should persevere longer our recognition of the indepen dence of Hayti and Liberia, 1 am unable to discover it. Unwilling, however, to inaugurate a novel policy in regard to them without the approbation of Congress, I submit for your consideration the expediency ot an appropriation for maintaining a charge d' affairs near each of those new states: it does of a doubt that important commercial advantages might Much of the National Loan has been taken b> ciosens of the industrial classes, whose .confidence in tne country's faith and zeal, for thetr country s de'Der a nee from the present peril, have induced them to WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 11, 1861. I X- b ~f ?t "Opport of the GOTcniment the 1 '""ted •wqwitions. The fact imposes pe< utinr obligations upon us to economy in di*btiro --j inont An , j energy in action. .1 r revenue from all sources, including loans f.r I wnt T'l ,n *>' oil the aoth of June, 1861. I was $8t>.830,90n and the expenditures for the same period, ineluoing payments on account of the pitl.lie : debt. were s*4 57K.F34 47. leaving a balance tht . 1 leasury, on Ist of July, of $2,257,067, so. For the j "™ff quarter of tlie financial vear. ending on the 3oth | ot beptetuber, lSfll, the receipts lrotii all sources, in | eluding the balance of the Ist of July, were $102,531- ' 509-27, and the expenses $J8,230.73* fiy; leaving a bal j atico on the Ist of Oerobcr. IH6I, of i J. 292.770 IST Kstimates for the remaining three .quarters of the J vear. and for tho financial vear of lßf.l, together with I Ills view of ways and menus for mo ling the demands j contemplated by them, will be submitted to C.'oti"ress I by the Secretary of tlm Treasury, i It is gratifying to know that tile expenditures made i necessary by tlie lels-liion are not beyond the resour ces of the loyal jiebplc. rind to believe that tiie same patriotism which lias thtts l*r sustained the Govertv i iiient will continue to sustain it till peace and union I shall again bless tho laud. 1 respectfully refer to the report of theSecrotarv of ; War for information respecting the numeral strength , of the army and for recommendations, having in view , an increase of its efficiency and the well being of the I various brunches of the service entrusted to his care, j It is gratifying to know that the patriotism of the peo : pie lias proved equal to the occasion, and that the nnnilier of troops tendered greatly exceeds the force which Congress authorized me to "call into tho field. I refer with pleasure to those portions of his report | wlyeh makes allusion to the creditable degree of dt , eiplitie already attained by our troops and to the ex- I eellent sanitary condition of the entire army. 1 The recommendation of the Secretary for an ormut | ization of tin- militia upon a uniform basis is asulyccl of vital importance to the future safety of the coun try, and is recommended to the scrmtis attention of foil "res. The large addition to the regular army in eonnce rion with the defection thai has so considerably di ! iniiitslted the number of its wffieers.giv-especuliriiu portanee to his recommendations for increasing the j corps of Cadets to the greatest capacity of thMiii ' tary Academy. i By mere omission. I presume. Congress lias failed i to provide Chaplains for hospitals occupied by volttii j teers. This subject was hronght to my notice, and i was induced to draw up the form of a letter. one copy of which, properly addressed, has been delivered to each of the persons artd at the dates, rcsjicetivelv named, and stated in a schedule, containing also the form of the letter (letter marked A), and herewith transmitted. The gentlemen I understood entered upon the du ties designated at tlie times respectively stated in the schedule, and have labored faithtiilly there ever since. I therefore recommend that tlicy be compensated at the same rates as Chaplains in the Army, turther sug gesting that general provision 1- made" for Chaplains to serve at Hospitals hm well as with regiments. The report of the Secretary of the Navy presents iu detail the operations of that branch of the service, the activity and energy which have characterised its administration.and the results .f the measures to in crease its efficiency and pow er. Such have been the additions by construction and purchase, that it may almost he said A Navy has been created and brought into service since our difficulties commenced. Besides blockading our extensive const, squadrons larger than ever lie fore assembled under our flag, have leeii put afloat and performed deeds which have increased our Nat al renown. I would invite special attention to the recommen dation of the Secretary for more perfect organization of the Navy, by introducing additional grades ill the service. The present organization is defective and mi satisfactory, and the suggestions submitted by the f'epartment will it is believed, if adopted, obviate the difficulties alluded to. promote harmony, and increase the efficiency of the Navy. There are three vacancies <>n the bench of the Su preme Court; two by the decease ot Justices Daniels and McLean, and one by tin- resignation of Justice Campbell. I have so far forborne making in.munitions to till these vacancies lor reasons which 1 will now state: Two of the outgoing Judges resided within Ibe States ii.. overrun with revolt, so that if thpir successors were appointed in the s.uiiie localities.they eould not serve upon their circuit, and many of the most competent men there probably Would not take the p.-s soi.:.'l hazard of aeeepting to serve, even here, upon tlm supreme ismch. I liiive been unwilling to throw all tin; appointments up >n the Northward, thus j disabling myself front doing iii-dice to the South. u the return of peace, although I u)ay remark that to trn-fer to the North one which has hitherto been in the South, would not. with reference t . territory ami pop'ii.'.'ioi). Is- unjust. During the long and brilliant jit li'-isd career of Judge I McLean, his circuit grew m'to ah uri attended by Supreme i Judges, while, iu fact, Wisconsin. Minnesota. lowa. , K ins-as. Florida. Texas. 'aliform.. and 'qegon have i never had any such Cyurjs. Nr can tin's well be remedied, without a change of the system. InVaUse tlf ..iding o. Judges to the "ill- I preme f'otirt, enough for the accommodation of all | part" of the country with ';r3itit t'oiirts. would create i a court altogether too num-rous for a judicial body of ir sort. And the evil, if it be one. will incrotisc as new States come into the Union. Circuit t'ourts are useful, or thev are not useful. If useful, no State should be rb'mod them. If not useful, no State should have tliem. Let them be provided for all. or abolish all. Three modification occur to me, either of which I think would be an improvement upon our present svstem. Let the Supreme Court be. of convenient number in every event. Then first, let the whole country be divided into circuits of convenient size, the Supreme Judges to serve in a number of them corresponding to their own number, and independent Circuit Judges be provided for all the rest:or. second ly. let the Supreme Judges be relieved from circuit duties, and Circuit Judges provided for all the Circuits; or, thirdly, dispense with the Circuit Courts altogether, leaving the judicial functions wholly to the District Court and an independent Supreme Court. I respectfully recommend to the consideration of Congress the present condition <>t" the Statute Laws, with the hope that Congress will he able to find an ea sy remedy tor many of the inconvenieneies and evils which constantly embarrass those engaged in the practical administration of them. Since the organi zation of Government. Congress has enacted some five thousand acta and joint resolutions, which fill more than sis thousand cjo.-cly printed pages, and are scat tered through many volumes. . Many of these acts have been drawn iu haste and without sufficient caution, so that their provisions arc often obscure in themselves, or in conflict with each other, or at least, so doubtful as to render it very difficult (~f oyrqi the best informed person to ascertain pre cisely what the statute law ready is. It 'seems to me very important that the stat ute laws should lie made as plain and intelligible as possible, and be reduced to as small a compass as mav consist, with the fulness and precision of the Leg islation and the perspicuity of its language. This, well done, would, i think, greatly facilitate the labors of those w hose duty it is to assist in the administra tion of the laws, and would be a lasting benefit to the I people by placing before them, in a more acceptable and intelligible form, the laws which so deeply con cern their interests and their duties. lam informed by some whose opinion I respect that all the acts of Congress now in torce. and of a permanent and gen eral nature, might be revised and rewritten, so as to be embraced in one volume, or, at most in two vol umes. of ordinary and commercial size, and 1 respect fully recommend to Cangyess to consider the sub ject and if rnv suggestion be improved, to devise snch pian as to their wisdom shall seem most proper for the attainment of the end proposed. One ot the unavoidable consequences of the rection is the entire suspension, in many places, of all the ordinary moans of administering civil mstice by the officers and the forms of existing law. I his is the ease in whole, or in part, in the insurgent States, and as our armies advance and tak® possession of parts of those States, it becomes more apparent. There are no courts or officers to which the citizens of other States may apply for the enforcement of their lawful claim," against tne citizens of the insurgent States, imd their vast amount of debt, constituting such claims, some have estimated at Uvo hundred mil lions of dollars due, the large part from insurgents in open rebellion, to loyal citizens who are even now making great sacrifices in the discharge of their pat riotic duty to support the Government. Under these circumstances I have been urgently so licited to establish by military power Courts to admin ister summary justice in. such cases. I have thus tar declined to do it. not because I had any doubt that tne end proposed, the collection of the debts, was just and right in itself, but beca u/ne I have been unwijiingto go bevond the pressure of necessity, in the unusual ex ercise of power. But the powers of Congress. I sup pose, are equal to the anomalous occasion, and 1 there fore refer the whole matter to Congress with the nope that a plan may he devised for tue adminisration ot. justice in all such parts of the insurgent States and Territories as may be under the control of this Gov ernment, whether by a voluntary return to allegiance and order, or by the power of our arms. 'I his, how ever, is not to be a permanent lMtitution. but a tem i porarv substitute, arid to cease as soon as the ordinary courts can In- re-estjihli-hed in pea-e. It is important that some more convenient m.-aiis 5h..u1,l be provided if possible, for the .adjustment of claim- against the Government, especially in view of their increased numb- r bv reason of the war. It is as much the duty of the Government to render prompt justic- ti"ainst itself in favor of citizens, as it is to administer tlie same between private individuals —the investigation and adjudication of claims in their hands belong to the judicial department. Hesides.it is apparent that tic attention of Congress trill be more than usually engaged for some time to come with great national questions. It was intended bv the or ganization of tin- Court of Claims, maitilv to*remote this branch of the business from the Halls of Congress. But while the Court has proved to be an effective and valuable means of investigation, it fails in n great degree to effect the object of its creation f„ r wmit i.f power to make its judgments final. Fully aware of the deliem-v. not to say the danger, of this subject. I commend to your careful consideration whether this power of making judgments final mav not properly t>e given to the Court reserving the riglit of appeal oil questions of law to the Supreme Court—with such other provisions as experience may have shown to be necessary. l u-k attention to the report of the Postmaster Gen eral. the following lieing a summary statement of that Department;— The revenue from all sources during the fiscal year ending June 30. isol. including the an nual permanent appropriation of seven hundred thous and dollars for the transportation iff free mail matter, is nine millions, forty-nine thousand two hundred and ninety-six dollars and forty cents, being about two per cent, less than the revenue. For I*6o. the expenditures were $13,606,750 11, show ing a ib-crease of more than eight per cent., as com pared with those of the previous year, and leaving an • •xeess of expenditures over the revenue for tho Inst fiscal year, of f4.557 4ti'2 7!. The gross revenue for the year ending June 3oth. 1*63. Is estimated at four per cent, upon that of I*6l, making S*,GB3.tXK), to which should t>e added the earnings of the Department in carrying free mutter, viz: S7Ii.OOU, makings9.3*3.ooo. The total expenditures for I*o3 are estimated at $12.- 529.000. leaving an estimated deficiency of three mil lions. one hundred and forty-five thousand dollars to be supplied from the Treasury, in addition to the per manent appropriation. Tin- present insurrection shows. I think, that the extension of this district across the Potomac river at the tune of establishing the Capital here was evident ly wise, and consequent)- that the relinquishment of that portion of it which lies within the .State of Vir ginia was unwise and dangerous. I submit for vour consideration the expediency of regaining that part of the district, and the restoration of the original boundaries thereof, through negotiations with the State of Virginia. The report of Hi- Secretary of tlie Interior, with the accompanying documents, exhibits the condition of the several branches of the public service (P 2 and 3) pertaining to that Department. Tlo-depressing influ ences of tin- insurrection have been especially felt in the operations of the Patent and General Lund Offiees. The cash receipts from tlie .-ales of public lands du ring the past year have exceeded the expenses of our land system only about two hundred thousand dollars. The sales have been entirely suspended in the South ern States, while the interruption to the business of the country and the diversion of large numbers of men from labor to military service, have obstructed settlements in the new States and Territ tries of the Northwest. The receipts of the Patent Office i are declined in nine months about Sltiu.ooo rendering u large deduc tion of the force employed necessary to make it self sustaining. The demand- upon the pension office will lie large ly increased by tlie insurrection. Numerous applications for pensions, upon the easuaiities of the existing war. have already been made. There is rea-on to believe thai many who are now upon the pension rolls, and m receipt of the bounty of the Government, are in the ranks of the in surgent army, giving thion aid aud comfort. The Secretary of the Interior has directed a ail-pension of the pay m nt of the pensions of sueh J-ersoil- upon proof of their disloyalty. I recommend that Congress authorize that officer to cause tin- names of such p -rsons to lie stricken from tiie pen-ion roll. Tlie relations of tfie Government with the Indian tribes hive bemi greatly di-tnrbed by the insurrection, especially in the Southern Siiporiiitendeney. and in that of New Mexico. I'he Indian country south of Kansas is hi the poasexsjoti of the insurgents from T-. xa- and Arkansas. Tie- agents f ill- United States tt -vernm-'-nt ap pointed since the Jih of March for this stiperinteu ■ y. have been unable t-> reach their posts, while the most of those who were in the offiee before that time have espoused the insurrectionary <-Hit-e. ami as sume to exercise tin- p-rw-T- of agents i-v virtue of eominis-iotis from the insurrectionists. ft has been stated in the public press that a portion of these Indians have been organized a- a military f--r • and gro attached to lit-- army --I the insurgents. Although the Government I'-a- no official information upon this subject, letters have been written to the < oinmi--ion -r of Indian Affairs bv several prominent Chief-, giving assmao of th-'lr royalty to the United State- and expressing :t wish hr tin- presence of Fed eral troop* to protect tlu iii. i: is believed that upon tie- re-possession of tlv country, by the Federal for e, s. the Indians will rcaujiy ijc.aso ail hostile demon strations and resumo tie it former relations to tie- Government. Agriculture, confessedly the largost interest of tho nation, has not a Department or a bureau, but a clerk ship only assigned to is in the Government. While it is fortunate that this great interest is so independent in its nature as to not have demanded and extorted more from the. Government. I respectfully ask Con gress to consider whether something more cannot be given voluntarily with general advantage. Annual reports exhibiting the oominion ot our Ag riculture. eomme'reo and manufacture, would present a fund of information of great practical value to the eouutry. While 1 make no suggestion us to details, I venture the opinion that an Agricultural and Statis tics! Bureau might profitably be organized. The execution of tlie laws for the suppression of the African Slave Trade, has been confined to the De partment of the Interior. It is a subject of gratula tton that the efforts which have been made for the suppression of this inhuman traffic, j iaV e been re cently attended with unusual success. J-'jye vessels being fitted out for the slave tfgda hfive been seized ami condemned. Two mutes of vessels engaged in the trade, and one person engaged in equipping a slaver, have been convicted and subjected to the pen alty of tine and imprisontnent; and one captain taken with a cargo of Africans on board his vessel, has been convicted of the highest grade of offence to our laws, the punishment of which is death. The Territories of Colorado. Dacota and Nevada, created by the last Congress, have been organized, I and civil administration has been inaugurated therein under auspices especially gratifying; when it is con sidered that the fevcti "of treason was found ex isting in some of tliase new countries when the Fed eral officers arrived there. The abundant native resour ces of these Territories, with the security of protec tion offered by an organized Government, w ill doubt less invite in'thein a large immigration, when peace shall restore the business of the country to its accus tomed channels. I submit the resolutions of the Legislature of Col orado. which evidence the patriotic spirit of the peo ple of the Territory. So far the authority of the United States has been upheld in all the Territories, as it is hoped it will tie in the future. I commend their interests audde fence to tho enlightened and generous eare of Con gress. i recommend to the favorable consideration oi Con gress the interests c.f the district of Columbia. The insurrection has been the cause of inijeh suffering and sacrifice to its inhabitants, and as they have no representative. Congress should not overlook their just claims upon the Government. At your late session a joint resolution was adopted authorizing the President to take measures for facili tating a proper representation of the industrial inter ests of tne United States, at the Exhibition of the In dustry of all Nations, to lie holden in London in the year 1*62. 1 Tcgret to say, I have been unable to give personal attention to this subject—a subject ftt once so inter- , estingr in itself, and so extensively and intimately ooiv neeted with the material prosperity of the world. — ; Through the Secretaries of the Mate and the Interior, a plan or system has been devised and partly matured and will be laid before you. i Under the virtue of the Act of Congress, entitled an Act to Confiscate Property, approved August fitli, the legal claims of certain persons to tl>e labor and service of certain other persons have become forfeit ed, and numbers of the latter thus liberated are. al ready dependent on the United States, and roust tie provided for in some way. Besides it is not impos sible that some of the States will pass similar enact ments for their own benefit respectively, and by oper ation of which persons of the same class will be thrown upon them for disposal. In such case I recommend that Congress provide for accepting such persons from such States accor ding to some mode of valuation in lieu pro tanto of direct tajtes, or upon some other plan to be agreed upon with suah States respectively, that such per sons on such acceptances by the General Government he at once deemed free, and that in any event steps be taken for colonizing both classes (ou the que first mentioned if the other shall not be brought into exis tence.) at some place or places in a climate congenial to them. It might be well to consider too, whether !h. free colored people already in the United States, eonld not, so far as ltidivi luals mav desire, be i . eluded 111 sueh colonization To carry out the plan of colonisation tnav involve toe aequintiji of territory aud also the appropriation of money beyond that to be expended in the territor ial a •quisition. Having practiced the acquisition of territory for nearly sixty years, the question of the (-institutional power to do so is no longer ci open one with its. The power was questioned at first bv Mr. JelFerson. who. however, in the purchase of Houis mna. yielded to his scruples on the plea of great ex pediency. If it IK- said that the only legitimate object of ac quiring territory is to furnish homes for white men. this measure effects that object, for emigration of colored men leaves additional room lor wlntciiieu re maining or coming here. Mr. Jefferson, however, placed the importance of procuring Louisiana more on political and commercial grounds, than on provid ing room for population. on this whole proposition, including the appropria tion of money witii the acquisition of territory, does not the expediency amount to absolute necessity— without which the Government itself cannot lie per petuated if the war continues. In considering over the poliev to be adopted for suppressing the insurrection,' I have been anx ious and careful that the inevitable conflict for this purpose shall not degenerate into a violent and re morseless revolutionary struggle. I have therefore, in every ease, thought it proper to keep the integri ty of the Union prominent as the primary object of the contest on our part. Waving ail questions 'which tire not of vital military importance, to the more de liberate action of the Legislature. In the exercise of my best discretion I have adher ed to tlie blockade of the port* held by the insur geants. instead of putting in force bv proclamation the law of Congress ena -ted at the (ate session for closing these ports. Ho also, obeying the dictates of prildenee as well the obligations of law. instead of transcending I have adhered to the act of Congress to confiscate property used for insurrectionary pur poses. If a new lan upon the same subject shall be proposed, its propriety will Is-.duly considered. Tlie Union must be preserved, and hence all mdis peusable means must be employed. We should uotbe m haste to determine that radical and extreme meas ures. which may reach the loyal as W ell as the disloyal, are indispensable. The Inaugural address at the beginning of tin- Ad ministration and the message to Congress at the late special session, were both mainly devoted to tlie die nicstie controversy out of which the insurrection and subsequent war has sprung. Nothing more occurs to add or substrain to or from the principles of general purposes stated and ex pressed in those documents. Ihe last ray of hope for preserving the Union, peaceably, expired at the as sault upon Fort Sumter, and a general review of what has occurred since may be unprofitable. What was painfully uncertain then, is much lienor defined and more distinct now. and the progress of events is plainly iu the right direction. The insur gents confidently claimed a strong support from North of Mason and Dixon's line, ami the friends of the Union were not free from apprehension on that point. This, however, w.w soon settled definitely and on the right side. South of the lino, noble little Delaware led off right from the first. Maryland was made to serin against the Union. Our soldiers were assaulted, bridges burned, and railroads torn up within her limits, and we were many days, at one time, without the ability to bring a single regiment over her soil to the Capital. Now her bridges and railroads arc repaired and open to the Government. She already gives seven regiments to the cause of the Union, and none to the eni-iny, and her people at the regular election have sustained the Union by a large majority, and a larger aggregate vote than they ever before gave to any Can didate on any question. Kentucky too, for some time in doubt, is now deci dedly, and 1 think, unchangeably, ranged on the side of the Union. Missouri is comparatively quiet, and I believe cannot again be overrun by the insurrection ists. These three States of Maryland. Kentucky and Missouri, neither of which would promise a single soldier at first, have now an aggregate of not less than forty thousand in the field tor the Union, while of their citizens, certainly not more than a third of that number, and they of doubtful whereabouts and doubt ful existence, arc in arms against it. After a some what bloody struggle of months winter closes nil the Union people of" Western V irginia, leaving them masters of I heir own country. An insurgent force of al'wnit fifteen hundred for mouths dominating the narrow peninsular region of tie- counties of Aei o-nae and Northampton, and known as the Kastern Shore of Virginia, together with some contiguous parts of Maryland, have lain down their arms, and the people there have renewed their allegiance to and accepted the protection of the old (lag. They have no armed insurrection north of the Potom to or east of the <'hesapcakc. Also, we have obtained a footing at each of the iso lated points oil the southern coast of Hattcras, Port lioVal. Tybee Island, near Savannah, and Ship Island; and we likewise have some general accounts of po|>- ular movements in behalf of the Union, in North t'ur olinu and Tennessee. Those tilings demonstrate that the cause of the Union is advancing steadily south ward. Since your last adjournment, Lieutcnant-Gencrai Scott has retired front the head of tlie army. During his l->ng life the nation has not been unmindful of his merit. 1 et. ou calling la utind how faithfully, ably and brilliantly he has served the country front* a time far back in our history, when few of the now living had been born, and thenceforward continually. I cannot but think we are still his debtors. 1 submit, therefore, for your consideration, jrhat further mark of recogni tion is due to him and to ourselves, a- a grateful peo plo. \\ ith the retirement of General Scott, canto the ex ecutive duty of appointing in his stead a General-in- Chief of the army. It is a fortunate circumstance that neither in council or country was there, so far as I know, any difference of opinion as to the proper person to be selected- The retiring Chief repeatedly expressed iiis judgment in favor of General MeClcllan for the position, and in tins the nation decreed to give a unanimous concurrence. The designation of General MeCiellan is therefore in a considerable degree, the selection of the country as well as of the Executive, and hence there is better reason to hope that there will is- given liini the confi dence and cordtid support thus, by fair implication, promised, and without which lie cannot with so full efficiency serve the country. It has been said that one bad General is better than two good ones, and the saying is true, if taken to mean no more than that our ariny is better directed by a single mind, though in ferior. than by two superior ones at variance and eruss purposes with each other. And the same is true in all joint observations wherein those engaged can have none but a common end in view and can differ only a* t-> the choice of means. In a storm at sea. no one can wish the ship to sink, ami yet, not unfrequently, all go down together, be cause too many will direct, and no single mind can lie allowed to control, It continues to develop that theinsnnrection is lnrge ly. if not exclusively. a war upon tin* first principles of popular government—the rights of the people. Conclusive evidence oi this is found in the most grave and maturely considered public documents, as well as m the general tone of the insurgents. In these documents >ve find the abridgement of the existing right of suffrage, and the den.ial to the people of ail right to participate in the selection of public of ficers. except the Legislature, boldly advocated, with labored arguments, to prove that large control of the people it; government is the source of all political evil. Monarchy itself is sometimes hinted at as a possible refuge from the power of the people. In my present position 1 could scarcely he justified were I "to omit raising a warning voice against this ap proach of returning despotism. It is not needed nor fitting here that a general argu ment should he made in favor of popular institutions, lint there is one point with its connections, not so hackneyed as most others, to which 1 ask a brief at tention. It is the effort to place capital on an equal footing with if not above labor, in the structure of the Gov ernment. It is assumed that labor is available only in connection with capital; that nobody labors unless somebody else owning capital, somehow by the use of it. induces hint to labor. Tills presmned.it is next con sidered whether it is best that capital shall hire labor ers. and thus induce them to work, by their own eon sent, or buy them and drive them to it without their consent. Having proceeded so far. it is naturally concluded that all laborers are either hired laborers or what we call slaves. And further, it is assumed, that whoever is once a hired laborer, is fixed in that cottecticn for life. No's there is no such relation between capital and la bor, as assumed, nor- js there any such thing as a free man being fixed for life in the rendition of a hired la borer. Both these assumptions are false, and all in ferences from then; are groundless. Labor is prior to and independent of capital. Capital is only the fruit of labor, and could never have existed if labor had not first existed. Labor is the superior of capital, and deserves much higher consideration. Capital has its rights, which are as worthy of protection as any other rights. Nor is it denied that there is alia probably always will be a relation between labor ana capital, producing mutual benefits. The error is in assuming that the whole labor of the community exists within that rela tion. , , , ... A few men own capital, and that few avoid labor, or bay another few to labor for them. A large majority belong to neither class, neither working for others, nor have others working for rbem New Series— Vol. XVI, No. 7. ! Uc m oeom f the r - s ,7 uth r rn BU, ** S a majority of the , lis rV H '- color.-, are neither slaves nor masters, wlnlo in the Northern, a Urge majority are neither hirers nor hired. M.-n wtih their families, wires, sons and daughters, work for themselves on t icir farms, in their houses, and in their shops, taking the whole product- to themselves, and asking nofkvo? of capital ou the one hand nor of hired laborers or slaves on the other. It is not forgotten that a considerable uuniber of persons mingle their own labor with their capital— that is. they labor with their own hands and also buy or hire others to labor for them: but this is only a mix ed and not a distinct class. No principle stated is dis turbed by the existence of this mixed class. Again, as has already been said, there is not of neoes sity anv such thing as the free hired lalairer being tlx el to that condition for life. Many independent ncn everywhere in these States, a t'ew'years back in their lives, were hired laborers. I lie prudent, penniless beginner 111 the world, la bors for wages aw hile, saves a surplus with which lt> buy tools or land for himself, theu labors on his own account another while, and at length liiros another new beginner to help hun. This is the just, aud generous and prosperous syy t-m which opens the way to all, gives hope to all, and consequently energy and progress and improvement ot condition to all. No men living are more worthy to be trusted than those who toil up from poverty. None less inclined to take or touch aught which they have not honestly earned, l.et them la-ware of sur rendering a political power which they already pos scss. and which, if surrendered, w ill surely be used to close the door of advancement against sueh as they, aud to fix new disabilities and burdens upon thorn, till all of liberty shall bo lost. From the first taking of our national eonsns to the last one. seventy years, we find our population it the end of the period eight times as great as it was at the beginning. The increase of those other things which men deem desirable has been greater. We thus have at one view what the popular princi ple applied to Government through the machinery of the States and the Union has produced in a given ti'm% and also w hat, if firmly maintained, it promises for the future. There are also among us those who, if the Union be preserved, will live to see it contain two hundred and tili\ millions. The struggle of to-day is not altogeth er for to-dnv ; it is for a vast future also. With a reli anee on Providence, all the more firm und earnest, lot us proceed iu the great task which events have devol ved upon us. ABRAHAM LINCOLN* WtSHIMiTOX, December 3. 1861. Navy Department The report of the Secretary of the Navy in an extremely interesting document. It fully approves the conduct of Captain Wilkes in capturing Mason and Slidell, and pays a merited compliment to tha commanders of the fleets who were so brilliantly successful at Fort Ilatteras nnd Port Koyttl. It also devotes considerable space to a discussion of the rebel privateer*. The rapid increase of the naval force is one of the most marvellous events of the war.— There is now a total of 204 vessels, 2,557 guns, and 218,010 tons; the aggregate num ber of seamen in service now is 22,000 ; last March there were hut 7,000 men, 42 vessels, and 555 guns, itcontnins a number of im portant recommendations in regard to tho policy to be pursued in reference to fugitive slaves and other subjects. The following ea tiniates are given of the expenses of the Navy Department for the year ending June 30, 18- 61, viz.: For the Navy proper $41,090,530 25 For tha Marine Corps 1,105,650 77- For navy yards, hospitals, Jkc. 2,423,478 00 $43,025,065 02 important Order to Gen. McCtellnn. Genekai.: —1 am directed by the President to call your attention to the following subject; Person* claimed to he held to service or la bor under the laws of the State of Virginia end actually employed in hostile scrviie against the Government of the United States frequently escape from the lines of the ene mies forces and aro received within the line* of the army of the Potomac. This depart ment undeistands that such persons after wards coming into the city of Washington are liable to he arrested by the city police upon the presumption arising from color that they are fugitives fr mi service or labor. By the 4th section of Act of Congress, ap proved August 0, 18GI, entitled 'an Act to confiscate property used for insurroctii nary purposes,' such hostile employment is made a full and sufficient answer to any further | claim to service or labor. Persons thus em j ployed and escaping aro received into tho ' military protection of the Unied States, nnd . their arrest as fugitives from service or labor should be immediately followed by the mili tary arrest of the parties nuiking the seizure, i Copies of this communication will be sent to the Mayor of the city of Washington and to the Marshal of the District of Columbia, that any collision between the civil and military authorities may ho avoided. f am, General, your very obedient servan' f [Signed] WM. 11. SEWARD. 4 UDITOR'S NOTICE.—The undersigned /A anditor', appointed by the Orphan's Court of Mifflin county, to distribute and ap portion the balance in the hands of John l'eaehoy, surviving executor of tire last will and testament if John Click, late of Mease township, in said county, dec'd., to and among the legatees of said dpc'd., agreeably to said will, taking into consideration advancements made, will attend to the duties of his appoint ment, at his office in Lewistown, on Tuesday, the 17th day of December, 1861, at lOo'cloek, A. M., when and where all having claims, are required to present them or be debarred from coming in for a share of said fund. J, W. SIIAW, nov2o-4t Auditor. AUDITOR'S NOTICE.—The undersigned has been appointed Auditor by the Or phans' Court of Mifflin county, to distribute the funds in the hands of Jacob Hoover, Ad ministrator of David Ilothrock, late of Der ry township, in said county, dec'd., and will meet all parties interested at bis office, in- Lewistown, on Tuesday, the 17th day of De cember. 1864. JOS. W. PARKER, nov2o-4t Auditor, AUDITOR'S NOTICE.—The undersigned has been appointed Auditor to make distribution of the funds in the hands of An drew Reed, Esq., Trustee appointed by the Orphans' Court of Mifflin county, to sell the real estate of David lirisbin, late of Lancas ter county, dec'd, will attend to the duties of his appointment at bis office in Lewistown, on Saturday, the I4th day of December, 1861, at which time and places all persons interest ed are requested to attend. DO2D T. M! UTTLY, Auditor. £ H nn