rjttaz zrkz* m
Philadelphia Advertisements.
lMiil;lesjLia and Liverpool
LINE r PACKIITX.
*Kl!'. BIKTHEN. MASTSB.
PKRI.IS, 700 tuns, Alfred F. Smilft
liiU'XiXDO AH, SH'O " James West
MAKV Ki.fcAsA.vr*, 800 " J Q Bowue.
ti woes, T' O " Henry F. Miercken.
The abov r ship* w til .-all punctually,oil Ih.ir appointed
days, V,Z :
From Philadelphia on the 10th "I each month.
Front Liverpool on the Isi of each month.
-V Taking Steam on Ibu Delaware.
For pas-age, ap. r, > l<>
SAMUEL Pt.rfJANTS,
No. 37 Walnut street, Philadelphia
i> Parties will find these superior first class SHIPS
no ml Jesit ible conveyances for bringing out their friends,
the accommodations in second cabin and steeri.ee being of
the most airy and capacious description.
r> Ms., Drafts for sale, payable in all parts of England,
Iceland and Scotland, from one pound upwards.
February % JSSO ly
VI. *V j. MTKOW K,
03 .Xurlh lid st., above Arch, Philadelphia,
LIDVK FI'II TSALBJ
isoi DOZEN COKN BIIOOMS.
300 do. PAINTED BUCKETS
J()0 Nests Willow Market BASKETS.
tk)i> Nests Cedar TLBS
hOO Staff and Barrel CHURNS.
Together with the largest stock of Willow, Cedar und
Eastern '.\ HODWARE ever offered in the city.
N B. Cash paid at all tunes for BROOM CORN at our
factory. feb23—3iu.
GTJ A IT C T
f rilE subscribers are now ready to supply dealers and
A others with this valuable MAN I RE Thev offer for sale
500 TONS I'ATAGOMA, in bags.
200 " I'KKI VIA N.
Warranted first quality. Also,
i? i: A ri: IJS i\ ls,
Have always in store PURE SPI'RM Oil ,for Manufac
turing purposes. This oil isadapted to machinery of every '
d-seription, and bcir.g of .lie purest quality, cannot fail to i
give satisfaction.
J. B. A. & S. ALLEN,
feh 23-3 m) No 7 South Wharves, Philadelphia
PURE FRESH COD LIVER 01L
rPillS new and valuable medicine, now used by the
medical professiou n ith such astonishing efficacy in
the cure of
Pulmonary Consumption, Scrofula, Chro
nic Rheumatism, Gout, General De
bility, Complaints of the Kid
neys, <$ C., cs'C.,
it prepared from ihe liver of the Cod Fish for nisdical
use, expressly for our sales.
(Extract from the London Medical Journal.)
"C.J. U. Williams, M. X)., F. R. S., Professor of Medi- |
cine in University College, London, Consulting Phyai
ciau to the Hospital for consumption, Ac., says : I have
prescribed the Oil in above four hundred cases of tubercu
lous disease of the Lungs, in different stages, w hicti have I
been under aiv care the last two years and a half. In
the large number of cases, 20-j out of '234. Its use was fol
Jnwed by marked and unequivocal improvement, varying
in degree in diff -r-'nt cases, from a temporary retard i- .
lion of the progress of the disease and a nuiieation of dis
tressing symptoms, up to a more or less complete rest-r
--anon to apparent hjaitb
" The effect of the C-vfld Liver Oil in most of these cases
was very remarkshlpr* Even in a few davs the cough -
w as mitigated, the expectoration diminished in quantity <
snd opacity, the night sweats ceased, the pulse became
s.ow er, ir,d ufbetter volume, ami the appetite, llcsii and
strength were gradually unproved.
"In conclusion, 1 repent that the pure fresh oil from '
the Liver of the Cod i* more beuefirial in lite treatment
of Pulmonary Consumption than any agent, medicinal,
dietetic or regimenal, that has yet been employed "
At tre hare made arm nice mints to procure tie Cod I.xrcr
Uil, fresh from head quarters, it can now be had chemically
pure by the tingle bo'tlc, or tn bout of one dozen each.
Its wonderful efficacy has induced numerous spurious
imitations. As its success depends entirely on its purity ,
too much care cannot be u-ed in procuring it genuine.
Leery bottle having en-.: cur written txgnaturt moy bs ,
depended upon at genuxne
Pamphlets containing an analysis of the Oil, with no- i
tices of it from Medical Journals, will be sent to l!i"*
ho address us free of ;>■ stage
JOHN C. BAKER & CO ,
Wholesxle Druggist and Chemist.
100 North Third Street, Philadelphia. J
Octobe: 13, lb',V—Cm.
GEORGE BELLIS,
Wholesale Commission A?ent,
FOR ALL KINDS OP
F I S H,
\o. .11 North Wharves,
Above Race street, Philadelphia.
Philadelphia, April 21, l^lU.—ly
W holeiale <SL Retail
CLOCK .STORE,
,Vo. SLln .Market s reet, atjcrre Seventh, South side,
PHILADELPHIA.
\LTHOUGH we can scarcely estimate the value of
TIME commercially, yet by railing at the above
ta;.':s h ment, J.veu* BAUBER will furnish his friends,
among whom b includes all who duly appreciate its
fl—ine-*, with a beautiful and perfect Index for marking
it-: progr*.- of whose value they c* judge
Hi. tx!ei.- i ?' e'e on hand, rons'tntly changing in
-conf.:i/i!'.y to the improvements in taste und style of
patter i'id w rkn.ansiilp, couaiatsof l ight-day ,
A, mil Thirty-hour Bra's Counting House, Parlor,
e* Chun n, and Alarm CLOCKS, French, Go
the. i' l otii'-r fancy sty as well as plain,
which from iiisrx: T-IVC co .nectionand correspondence
with tlie ri v; ifo Mo-re he find, lie can put the lowest
cash figure, in any q lantity, from one to a thousand, of
which he will warrant the accuracy.
frCloekt repaired and t rrant'd. Clork Trimming!
on hand.
CALL and *e me among thetta.
JAMES BARBER, 23S Market st.
Philadelphia, August IK, ISlft ly
The Crcnt CM: in a fctoru
OP PHILADELPHIA.
HUT ANKFI'L to the riti/'-n* <f I.ewistown and It. vp
*■ elntty fit their Intrr'ased custom, we again request
their company to vi w cur larg<- and splendid assortment
of t hina. Glass and Q'leer.sware. Dinner sets, :a
sets, tnilet .i-is, and single pieces, either of Gl*i. rtfiina
or Stone Ware, . .la in quant t: t. suit purchasers, fir
ices than they rap be had < |.o hr- -in far' at !ee than
wholesale prices. Amrr aW and English RMTTAKIJI
Jf£7 OOOLiS, in gr-uter variety than ever before
offered tn the city, rti > China in great vnrsety, very
cheap. v. uld iiiviie any person visiting lip-ity
to call and eee ut - Ihey will Ht leva! h i pteSsed to W'dk
arounrl our beautiful store, and In view th. finest Clttn i
sad tie thtaveu the world produce* Very respectfully,
TVNDALE A MITCHELL,
No. 21ft Chestnut street, Philadelphia.
Septumbrr Ui, IKdO—l y .
niul\Ei TS \\ I FACTOR!*,
11. CI AKK,
VEMTIAN BLIND MAMWTURF.B,
fiign of the Golden Eacle, So, 139 143,
South Second street, Inloir Dock, street,
PHILADELPHIA,
T{ l:r ' [ '* * VI '* ''ti hand a large and fashionable assort
men .A IV||,£ aid N VII ROW el. AT WINDOW
BLINIIM, rnanufict irr-d in the h.-.-t manner, of Ihe be.t
materials, and at the lowest.cast) prices.
IJaving refitted and enlarged hb osUUisluiienl, he Is
y r HoHfuu io r sinjiL tw .fdern to iny trri'.ont at ih; h rt#-t
tiyjir - C'lfiKtaiitty fenn HMifftin-nt of
Ltirniltire,
''ever variety, manufactured expressly fur ht own
s!r, and purchasers may theraf.rre rely on a go<<l article
*"> 0,,C1, I 0 ~,e evening
tirder* from a distance packed carefully, and sent
On* of (• rt rage, to any part of the city.
11. PL4UK.
Ph.'-deipt'ia. c. ig,sx 1%. listj -ly.
Philadelphia Advertisements,
COTTON YARN HOUSE
TOOKHIS sfc I .VSTWOOW,
JSo. Sorth Front Street Philadelphia,
i pOTTON mid Linen Chain, Warp*,
Indigo Blue Twist, Coverlet A'arn,
Tie \ aril. Lamp Wick, Cottton Laps, Wadding, Ac. 1
I February 10, lbso—3ui
OLIVER EVAAS,
,V,i. 61 South Second etrett, Philadelphia,
Manufacturer of Salamander, Lire and Thief Proof Iron
Chests, Kith Powder Proof Locks,
' \ Nl> WARRANTED equal to any other make for se-
J R turity against Fire or Burglars, having withstood the
. test of both, without injury or loss to the owners,
f Also— In store and for sale, Letter Copying Presses and
Books; Seal Presses for Corporations, Banks, Slc. ; Drug
• gists' Presses with Cylinders and Pans; Hoisting Ma
chines for Stores, Factories, dec.; Portable Shower Baths
of a new and superior construction, intended for either
Cold or Warm water; Refrigerator* for cooling and pre
serving Meats, Butler, Milk, in the warmest weather,
suitable to stand in any part of the house or cellar; Wa
j tei Filters, warranted to purify muddy or bad water,
: whether affected by Rains, Marl, Limestone, or any other
cause. [l'hila. March 2, 1830— ly
J4IIES YIOLM A CO.,
I Importers of English, French and German Goods,
l -V". 136 Market st , above Fourth, up stairs, Philadelphia,
"VTEEDLIiS, Stay Binding, Sewing Silk,
Pins, Carpel do Thimbles,
J Tapes, Coat do Bodkins,
i Cords, Flannel do Hooks & Eyes,
| Galloons, Quality do Zephyr Worsted,
Buttons, Furniture do Patent Thread,
Tailors' Twist, Purse Twist, Wire Ribbon,
Silk, Cotton, and Linen Canvass.
Gloves, Hosiery, Shirts and Drawers, Comfort*, Infants'
! Socks, Children's Gaiters, Suspenders, Woollen Yam and 1
a great variety of Staple and Fancy Trimmings.
Philadelphia, March 2, lso—lui
E. HICKS JONES,
Wholesale Wooden, Willow-Ware, Broom, Brush, Comb,
Looking Glass and Fariety - s tfrc,
-Ve IS \orth Second Street, Philadelphia, under J Sidney
Jones' Carpet Warehouse,
11 AYING enlarged my STORE, have on hand and ain ,
| -a *- constantly manufacturing and receiving from the ]
eastern states and Europe, additions to my stock-
Cedar Ware. —500 nest Cedar and 100 nest painted Tubs, i
100 barrel and 200 staff Churns, 100 dozen Cedar and 600
dozen painted Pails, 200 do/en Wash Boards, 100 dozen
nest stugar and Flour Boxes ; Spigots, Spoons and Ladles.
Willow War*. —6oo nest Market and 200 nest Clothes j
Baskets, 400 Willow Coaches,Chaits and Cradles; alarge
assortment of French and Domestic Baskets.
[ Brooms and Brushes. —lo,oo.l Wire Brooms, 10,000 Sha
ker Brooms, 200 dozen eai h Wall, Paint, Scrubbing, Shoe !
and Horse Brushes; Tooth, Shaving, Clotii and Hair j
Brushes of every style.
Combs 2OOO dozen Fancy Combs, of various patterns,
i side, neck, pocket, dressing and fine-tooth Combs of vari
ous styles.
Looking Glasses of Pine, Cherry, Walnut, Mahogany
' and Gilt Frame —all sizes and patterns; German, French
and English !.ooking Glass Plates of all sizes from 7 by y
up to 72 bj 120— (packing insured to all partsof the Union;
—together with a large assortment of Variety Goods too
numerous to mention. The attention of Merchant* is
respectfully solicited to the examination of my stock, all
of which will be .-old low for CASH or A it J acceptance, so
; as to anticipate any competition that can be offered.
Philadelphia, March t, IKso—ly
1 A P E It ! P A PER!
No. '2l Rank street. Between Market and
L'hesniet, and 2d and 3d streits,
PHII. in F. l. PHI A.
ToIE subscribers beg leave to call the attention of coun
*- try buyers to their assortment ofpa|iers, embracing
Ihe different varieties of Printing, Hardware, Writing,
Envelope, and Wrapping paper*. Tissue papers white
and assorted colors, alo Bonnet ami Box Boards, Slc
Being engaged in the manufacture of printing papers,
they solicit orders from printers for any given size,
which will be furnished at short notice, and at fair prices.
Market prices either tn cash or trade paid for Rags
DUCKETT & KNIGHT.
No. 21 Bunk street, Philadelphia.
October 6, lsiy-ljr. ,
LIFE INSURANCE.
The Girard Lift Insurnncr Annuity and Trust
Company of Philadelphia,
Oflice No. 150 Chosnut Street.
Capita! $300,000.
Charter Perpetual.
fiONTINUE to make Insurances on Live* on the most
favorable terms ; receive and execute Tru-ls, and
receive Deposits on Interest.
The fapital being paid up and invested, together with
. accumulated premium tund, affords a perfect security to
the insured The pr' v.t tin may be paid in yearly , half
yearly, or quarterly payment*.
The Company add a BONUS at stated periods to the
t insurances for life- This plan of insurance i* the most
approved of, and is more generally in use than any other
i in Great Britain, (where the subject is best understoodby
the people, and where thev have had the longest expert
ence,) as appears from the fact that out of 117 Life Insu- .
ranee Companies there, of al! kinds, H7are on tins plan.
The firt BONUS was appropriated in December, l* 11,
amounting to 10 per cent, on Ihe sum Insured under the
oldest policies; to 81 per cent., 7| percent Ac., Ac., on
others, in proportion to the time of standing, making an
addition of #100; #K7SO; #75, Ac., Ac., to every #IOOO,
originally insured, which is an average of more than M
per cent, on the premiums paid, and without increasing
the annual payment to the company.
The operation of the Bonus will be seen by the follow
i ing examples from the Life lusurui.ee Register of the
i Company, thus:
[Sum Bonus or Amount of Policy and
Insured, j Addition. Bonus payable at the
party's decease.
No. M : #?,';• J #IOO 00 #l,lOO 00
w : a,500 ! 2.v oo 2,750 00
>' tnj i 4.1*0.' i 400 00 4,400 00
" 276 2,000 ; 175 00 2.175 00
" 333 j 5,'00 | 437 50 j 5,137 50
w PiMrfitETs containing the table of rates, and ex
planation* of the subject; Forms of Application, and
further information can be had ut the office, gratis, in
p r*on or hi letti r, addressed to the President or Actuary
11. w. RICHARDS, President.
J no. I*. JAML-s Actuary. [ap2B:ly
Mm & Co.,
4'omiii:ft<*ioii Vie roll a tit*,
FOR THE BALE OF
FLOUR. GRAIN, SEEDS.
Ami all descriptions of Country Produce,
nitOAll vritKKT, EAST MIIIE,
IMwoen Race and Cherry,
PHILADELPHIA.
Respectfully solicit n p.hare of the business
from thin vicinity, and refer to
Messrs. IVOSOESBCRE*, Grl bh &L CO., Bankers.
VV. Ri SHELL, E-sfj, ('Miner, Lewielown.
K. K. IOOCKE, Ivetj , Mißltn county.
,R. J. Ross, Esq , Cashier, J llarrusbu
Messrs. Funk A. MILLER, \ e
BAMUEL JOHNSUV, Esq., Marictts, Lancaster
county, I'a.
GEO. M. TBOUTMAX, Cashier, of 7
Western Rank, I Phila/ler ..
Messrs. J AS. J. DUNCAN <L CO., (
nnd Morehnnta generally, j
October 6, IH49—<im.*
A VERY large and handsome stock of Kea-
Ma \ dy-made CLOTHING, R-'yu' do.,
, juat landau und now opening at
I UC'JO MJPR VI M, BROTfIF.RS.
J
SPEECH OK THE HO*. T. STEVCXf),
of Pennsylvania.
In the House of Representatives, Washington,
February 20, 1850.
Mr. STEVENS, of Pennsylvania, raid :
Mr. CHAIRMAN: I do not know that 1 should 1
have troubled the committee at this time, could
I see any reasonable prospect that the House I
i would devote its time to practical legislation. '
Out for a considerable time after our meeting,
the organization of the House was obstructed ;
and since organized, a large port ion of its time I
j has been occupied by speeches on the subject
of slavery, mostly by southern gentlemen,
when no practical question, to which they ,
could apply, was before the committee. There
i was no doubt a well-defined object in this, j
partly to intimidate Congress, and partly to j
occupy its time, so that no legiclation could be
! matured obnoxious to southern gentlemen. In
i deed we are not left to conjecture on this I
i point. The learned gentleman from North
Carolina, (Mr. CLINGMAN,) who was selected
to open the debate oil behalf of human bon- j
dage, distinctly notified us, that unless Con
gress, as u condition precedent, submitted to
' settle the slavery question, according to south- :
| ern demands, there should he no legislation, !
even to the passage of the ordinary appropria- '
tion bills necessary to sustain the Government.
And that such measures would not be ob
i structed by meeting them in manly debate,
! and voting on tbeir merits; but by mcessant
' ly calling the yeas and navs, on repeated and
frivolous motions to adjourn, until the end of
the session. Sir, I doubt not that before he
ventured on so high a threat, he had full as
surances from a sufficient number of southern
, gentlemen to carry it into effect. For, if he
had made it upon his own ba re authority, it
would degenerate into contemptible gasconade,
which 1 am sure that discreet gentleman would
not indulge in. The scene of last Monday in
; this house fully sustained him, and showed
that they had the will aud the power to exe
cute it
| Here, then, we have a well-defined and pal
pable conspiracy of southern members cora
| bined to stop the supplies necessary to the ex
istence of the Government, disorganize and
dissolve it, until the bands that bind the Union
together are severed, and, as a gentleman early
in the session desired," discord reigns." Well
j might the gentleman anticipate that the coun- ;
try and posterity would pronounce this treason,
' rank treason against the nation ! Sir, 1 doubt
if there is another legislative body lu the world j
where such sedition would not be followed by
prosecution and punishment. France has lately
exiled members of her Assembly for a similar
offeree. Rut in this gloncu? country, where
nearly two-thirds of the people are free, we
: can say anything within these walls or beyond
thern with impunity, unless it be to agitate in
favor of human liberty —that is aggression!
Let us inquire what is the grave offence, the
mighty wrong, which can justify a threat big
with such portentous consequences.' The re- :
fusal of Congress to propagate or to establish c
I doubtful or even an admitted good in the Ter- '
ritories would surely be no cause for rebellion
■ and revolution—much less would the refusal to
extend an evil, an admitted evil, an unrniti- j
• gated wrong. Will an intelligent arid free
posterity believe it when impartial history re
cords that the only cause for this high threat
was the apprehension that the Congress of this
free Republic would not propagate, nor permit
to be propagated, the institution of human sla
i very into her vast Territories now free? Yet
uucJi is the simple fact. It is proper, then, to
inquire whether the thing sought to be forced
upon the Territories at the risk of treason and
rebellion be a good or an evil. 1 think it is a
1 great evil which ought to he interdicted ; thai
we shou'd oppose it as statesmen, as philanthro
i pists, and as mora!its, notwithstanding the ex
traordinary position taken by the gentleman
from Alabama [Mr. HILI.IARL) to the contrary.
While I thus annouuee my unchangeable
! hostility to slavery in every form, and in every
place, 1 also avow iny determination to stand
by all 'he compromises of the Constitution, and
carry thern into faithful effect Some of those
compromises 1 greatly dislike; and were they
now open tor consideiation, they should never
receive my assent. Hut I find tiiem in a con- I
stitution formed in difficult times, and I would
riot disturb them.
By those compromises Congress has no pow- j
er over slavery in the States. 1 greatly re
| gret that it is so; for if it were within our le
gitimate control, 1 would go, regardless of all
threats, for some just, sale and certain means
for its final extinction. But I know of none
who claim the right, or desire to touch it with
in the States. But when we come to form
governments fur territories acquired long Bince
the formation of the Constitution, and to admit
new States, w hose only claim for admission de
pends on the will of Congress, we arc liound
so to discharge that duty, as shall best contrib
ute to the prosperity, the power, the perma
nency, and the glory of this nation. Does
slavery contribute to either of these? Is it
not rather subversive of them all. Ixt us first
view it in the low light of political economy. !
I That nation, I suppose, is always the most
prosperous, all other things being equal, that
has the most industrious, and the larger num
ber of the producing classes. Those who
merely consume the fruits of the earth add
nothing to tfie strength or,the wealth of a na
tion. Mlnve countries never can have a large
number of industrious freemen. Slaveholders
form an untitled aristocracy, with numerous
dependants. Individuals appropriate large
tracts of territory to themselves, and thus pre
vent it trorn being thickly settled by freemen.
Their laborers, having no ambition to gratify,
no love of gain to stimulate them, no parental
feedings to impel them to action, are idle and
wasteful. When the lash is the only stimu
lant, the ?pirit of man revolts from labor.
That republic must be feeble, both in peace
and war, that has net an intelligent and indus
trious yeomanry, equnliy removed from luxury
and from poverty. The middling classes who
own the ss.il, and w .rk it with their own hands,
are the main support of every free government.
Despotism may be powerful,and long sustained
by a mixed population of serfs and nobles. But
1 free representative republics that re y upon the
voluntary action of the people, never can. —
Under such governments, those who defend
and support the country must have a stake in
the will, must have interests to protect and
rights to defend.
Slave countries never can have such a yeo
manry; never can have a body of small pro
prietors who own the soil and till it with their
own hands, and sit down in conscious indepen
dence under their own vine and fig-tree. There
is no sound connecting link between the aristo
crat and the slave. True there is a clues of
human beings between them; but they are the
most worthless and miserable of mankind.—
The poor white laborer iithe scorn of the slave
himself, for slavery always degrades labor.—
The white people who work with their hands
nre ranked with the other laborers—the slaves.
J They are excluded from.the aociety of the rich.
Their associations, if anywhere, nre with the
colored population. They feel that ttiey are
degraded and deapi&od, ami their minds and
conduct generally conform to their condition.
—The soil occupied by slavery is much less
productive than a similar soil occupied by fiee
rrien. Men who ore to receive none of the
wages of their labor do not care to multiply its j
fruits. Sloth, negligence, improvidence, are j
the consequence. I lie land becomes neglected,
becomes poor and barren ; as it becomes ex
hausted it is thrown out as waste, for slave la- j
bor never renovates its strength. This applies :
particularly to agricultural States. Take Vir
ginia, the favorite example for the South, which j
j has been so triumphantly referred to by the
gentleman from North Carolina, [Mr. CLING -
MAN ] Whence he drew his facts that she was
more prosperous, more populous, and more rich
• than the free States, I know not. lam sure it
was not from personal observation. He would
not certainly draw on his imagination in mat
i lers of fact. I suppose he must have been
misled by the most miserable of sophists, and
most false of chroniclers, Etlwood Fisher.
I admit that, by nature, Virginia has capa
bilities equal, if not superior, to any State in |
the Union. She tins a delightful climate ; a |
soil naturally fertile. She is intersected, as
was well said by the gentleman from Virginia,
I ( Mr. BAYLY,] by the nobleet rivers. Her hills
and mountains are filled with rich minerals
and covered with valuable timber. She has
the finest water, I be.ieve, in the nation, in the
very heart of her State ; aud her harbors are
among tlie best in the world. At the time of
the adoption of the Constitution slie was the
most powerful State—her population was dou
ble that of New York. It was the boast of
her statesmen that she was prima inter pares.
What is she now ? The population of New
York is more than double —1 think the next
census will show nearly treble hers. Her
land, cultivated by unwilling hands, is unpro
ductive. Travel through the adjoining states
of Ohio and Pennsylvania, end you will see
that the land produces more than double as
much ae the same kind of land in Virginia.
In the free states new towns are everywhere
spnnging up and thriving ; and land is bccom
i mg more productive; smiling habitations are
within hail of each other : the whole country
ia dotted with school-houses and churches al- ,
most within sight of each other; and, except
under peculiar circumstances, their manufac
tures and mechanic arts furnishing lucrative
employment to all their people; and their
; |>opu!aticn steadily and rapidly increasing.
Turn again to Virginia. There is scarcely a
new town, except at one or two pouils, within
her whole borders. Her ancipnt villages w ear
the appearance of mournful decay, ller min
erals and timber unwrought. Her noble wa
terpower is but partially occupied. Her fine
harbors are without ships, except from other
ports; aud her sea-port towns are without
commerce, are failing to decay. Ask your
self the cause, sir, and I will abide the answer.
It is essential to the ex stence of republics
that education should be generally diffused
among the people. Slavery prevents tiffs.
Rich men employ private tutors, or send their
children abroad. But the children of the peo- j
pie generally cannot he educated without the
instrumentality cf district schools. In slave
siatoe, where the plantations are large, the
white population is too sparse ever to maintain
i them. Beside there is another fata! obstacle
to them in the aversion of the rich to associ
ate with the poor. The poor while laborer's
children couid never be permitted to mingle
in the same schools and sit upon the same
benches with the rich man's sous. That
would be offensive.
Slavery enfeebles a nation in war as well a
in peace. It is impossible that a nation of
masters and slaves can be as powerful and
formidable either in offensive or defensive war
as a nation of freemen. A large portion of
the population must remain at home to prevent
the rebellion of those who are constantly in a
state of latent warfare with their oppressors.
I know, sir, we have had a most alarming de
seription of the prowess of the South. \\ e
have heard their cannon roar; eccn their bay
onets bristle: heard the war-cry of their charg
ing chivalry, and seen their bowie-knives
gleam within this hail, in the vivid picture of
the terrible gentleman from North Carolina,
(MR. CLING MAN.)
We have often been modestly reminded of
the ' blood and treasure, and the pallantry of
the South." Tins 1 do not dispute. 1 am
proud to admit that -she has furnished many
' gallant sonf, whose names will adorn the
brightest pages of our history, both for the war
of the revolution, the war of 1312, and the
war which we lately assumed as the ally of
Texas and of slavery. I give her full credit
: for her patriotism in furnishing most of the
men who have borne the official burden of the
Government both 111 the civil and the military
list. 1 know, too, that she has furnished the
kind of nun tor our armies whe arc apt to be
distinguished when great deeds are done. For
it is only the officers and commanders of ar
mies who live m story. The stout hearts and
strong arms of the common soldiers that fight ■
the buttles and win the victories are unknown
to fame. Their birthplace is not sought for; their
graves are undistinguished. And the Mouth
huß always furnished officers for our armies;
Presidents for the Republic, most of our for
eign ambassadors, heads of departments, chiefs
of bureaus, and, sometimes, in her proud hu
mility, has consented that the younger sons of
her dilapidated houses should monopolize the
places of clerks and messengers to the Gov
ernment. But whence are drawn the com
mon soldiery, the men who peril their lives,
and win victorirs for your glory ? Almost en
tirely from the free States, except in cases of
sudden emergency, when volunteers are called
nearest the scene of danger. The present
Secretory of War, a southern gentleman of
great ability, and strenuous for southern rights,
says in his report:
"According to the practice which has long
"prevailed, the great majority of enlistments
"is made in the northern Atlantic cities and
" the adjacent interior towns, whence the re
cruits are sent to the general depot fir in
"f.truction, and finally distributed to the South
ern an I Western poets, according to the
" wants of the service."
Yea, sir, our northern freemen have always
filled the ranks of the regular army. '1 lie
Mouth has lent us tho gentlemen to wear the
epaulettes and the sword ; to take command of
our troops, and lead them to southern and
southwestern climates to tight the frontier bat
tles, and whiten your fields w itli their bone*.
I am opposed to the diffusion of slavery be
cause confining it within its present limits will
bring the States themselves to its gradual abo
lition. I.et this disease spread,and although it
will render the whole body leprous and loath
some, yet it will long survive. Confine it,and
• like the cancer that ia tending to tho heart, it
must bo eradicated or it will eat out the vita's.
The sooner the patient is convinced of this,
the sooner lie will procure the healing opera
. lion.
, The learned and able gentleman from Vir
ginia, (.Mr. Meade,) in a pamphlet which he
laid upon our table, takes the same view of it.
He says, " Virginia has a slave population of
, near half a million, tchose value is chiefly
I At pendent on southern demand." Let us
pause for a moment over this humiliating con
fession. In plain English, what does it mean !
That Virginia is new only fn to be the 'under,
nut the employer, of slaves. That she is re
duced to ihe condition tiiat her proud chivalry
are compelled to turn slave-traders for a liveli
hood! Instead of attempt.ug to renovate the
soil, and by their own honest labor compelling
the'earth to yield her abundance; instead of f
seeking for the be.-t breed of horses and cattle
to feed on her hills and valleys, and fertilize
the land, the sons of that grsat Slate must de
vote their time to selecting and grooming the I
most hasty sires and the most fruitful wenches,
to support the slave hairacoons of lite South ? ,
And the learned gentlemen pathetically !(•-- j
merits that the profits of this genteel traffic
w ill ho great ly lessened by the circumscription
of Slavery ! This is his picture, not mine.
The same gentleman says in the same speech :
"If we intend to submit to the policy of;
. "confining the slaves within their present lim- j
" i;?, we should commence forthwith the work i
"of gradual emancipation; it ia ati easier
" work for us; lian our children."
The eloquent gentleman from Alabama, (Mr.
Milliard,) is of the same opinion, lie said,
" H E must make up our minds either to resist
the interdict ion oj the progress of slavery, or
to submit to anorganic change in our tnsti
lutions." Yes, sir, this admitted result is, to
my mind, one of the most agreeable conse
quences of the legitimate restriction of slavery.
Confine this malady within its p-eeent limits.
Surround it by a cordon of freemen that it j
cannot eprrad, and in lets than twenty-five
years every siaveholdiSg State in this Union
will have on its statute books a law for the
gradual and final extinction of slavery. Then
will have been consummated the fondest wish
es of every patriot's heait. Then will our '
fair country be glorious indeed ; and be to pos
terity a bright example of the true principles
of government —of universal freedom.
1 am opposed to the extension of slavery into
the territories now free, for still graver reasons
—because 1 am opposed to despotism through
cut the world. 1 admit that this Government
cannot preach a crusade of liberty into other j
States and nations, much as she abhors tyrants
and tyranny. There she can onlv mourn over
its existence, hut when the question of gov
ernment is within her own conlrol, and phe
permits despotism to exist, HUH sil? its diffu- ■
aion, she is responsible for it in the face of the
civilized world, and before the God of liberty. :
In my judgement, not or.lv the slave States
but the Genera! Government, recognising and j
aiding as it does slavery, is a despotiam. Ido
not use the word in a declamatory, but strictly
iegai signification. That government ia de
potic where the rulers govern subjects by their
own inere will —by decrees and laws emanat
ing from their uncontrolled will, in the enact- I
meat and extension of which the ruled have
no voice, and under which they have no right?,
except at the will of the rulers. Despotism
does not depend upon the number of tlie rulers,
or me number of the subjects. It may have
cne ruler or many. Koii.e wae a despotism I
under Nero; so was she under the triumvi
rate. Athens was a despotism under her thir
ty tyrants; under her four hundred tyrants;
under her three thousand tyrants. Tt has been
generally observed that despotism increases in
severity witii the number of despots ; the re
sponsibility is more divided, and the claims :
more numerous. The triumvirs each demand- !
ed his victims. The ttnaller the number of j
subjects in proportion to the tyrants the more |
cruel the oppression, because the less danger
from rebellion. In this Government the free
white citizens are the rulers —the sovereigns
as we delight to he called. Ail others are
subjects. 'J lu re are, perhaps, some sixte?r.
or seventeen millions of sovereigns, and some
tour millions of subjects.
The rulers and the ruled are of all color?,
from the clear white of the Caucasian tribes to
the awartny Ethiopian. The former, by cour
tesy, are ail called white. The latter black.
In this Government the subject has no rights,
social, political and personal. He has no voice
in tiie laws which govern him He can hold
ii) property. His very wife and children are
not his. IJ is labor is anothers. He, and all
that appertain?- to turn, are the absolute pro
perty of his rulers. He i? governed, bought,
sold, punished, executed, by laws to which he
never gave his assent, and by rulers whom he
never chose. He is not a serf, mereiv vith
half the rights of men like the stbject of de
spotic Russia ; hut a naked slave, stripped of
every right which God and nature gave him,
and which the high spirit of our revolution
declared inalienable—which he himself could
not surrender, and which man could not take
from him. Is he not then the subject of* de
spotic sway !
The slaves of Athens and Rome were free
in comparison. They had some rights—could
acquire some property ; could choose their own
musters, and purchase their own freedom; and
when free, could rise in social and political life.
. The slaves of America then lie under the most
absolute end grinding despotism that the world
ever saw. But, who are the despots! The
rulers of the country —the sovereign people!
Not rnereiy the slaveholder w ho cracks the ia?h.
lie is hut the instrument of Despousm. That
despotism is the government of the slav e States,
and the United States, consisting of all its ru
lers— all the free citizens. l)o net look upon
this a? a paradox, because you and 1 and the
sixteen millions of rulers are free. The rulers
of every despotism are free. Nicholas of Rus
sia, is free. The Grand fSu'tan of Turkey i?
free. The Butcher of Austria ia free. Au
gustus, Antony, ami Lepidus were free while
they drenched Rome in blood. The Thirty
Tyrants; the Four Hundred ; the Three Thou
sand, were tree while they hound their coun
trymen in chains. You. and I, and the sixtcn
millions, are free, while we fasten iron chains,
and rivet manacles on fuur millions of our fel
low men ; tear their wives and children from
them; separate them; sell them and doom
them to perpetual, eternal bondage. Are we
not then despots—despots such ns history will
brand and God abhor ?
But we are told that this is none of our busi
ness. That southern slavery is ? matter be
tween the slaveholders and their own con
sciences. I trust it may be so decided by im
partial history, and the unerring Judge, that
we may not be branded with that great stigma,
and that grievous burden may not weigh upon
our souls. But could we liopo for that justifi
cation, if now, when we have the power to
prevent, we should permit this evil to spread
over thousands W square leagues n<>w free, and
settle ujon unborn millions ! Bir, for myself, t
i should look upon any northern man, enlight
ened by a northern education, who would di
reclly or indirectly, by emission or commission;
by basely voting or cowardly skulking, permit
it to spread over one row! of God's free earth,
ns a traitor to liberty ami recieant to his God!
Slavery tends to render the people among
whom it is planted, arrogant, insolent, intoler
ant, and tyramcal towards the freemen of other
parts of the Union. The honorable member
front Virginia, from whom 1 have already quo
ted, [Mr. MEAI>C,] says, speaking of slavery,
" Our past history te.-tities to the fact that it
elevates the character of the white man.—
Though ice half beta in a mum riral raiwn t
ty in the Union f" fit' 13 yara. <j*l during U,,
orca'tr pari >J that period we hucc managed
to control the destinies of the Union. Whether
on the bailie field or in the couticii, the MIII.* ~f
lbe South have taken tlie lead ; and the records
of the nation a fiord ample testimony of i| ll;Ir
superior intrpy and penivt Sir. Ido nt
complain of tins statement. The former t , hr .
of it is both candid and true, iLt 1 caimo*
listen to the roci'sl without feelings the burn,
ing blush on my countenance, t: th® North,
with her overshadowing millions ot freemen,
has for half a century been lame and eerviij
enoiijjh to submit to this arrogant rule.
The South impr.sons northern freemen wh< n
found within her borders, if they happen to be
guilty of a dark skin, and carry it '* between
the wind and their nobility.'' And vvii- n „
sovereign State sends a teamed and venerable
agent to teat the legality of such imprisonment
before their own tribunals, he is driven with
violence and indignity from their shores. M a ._
sflchm-etts has t-uffcred, and, I trust, remembers
the insult.
How often have these walls hern profaned
and the Nor'h insulted by the insolent threat,
that if Congress legislates against the Southern
will, it should be disregarded, resisted to ex
tremity, and the Union destroyed During the
present session we have been more than once
told, amidst raving excitement, that if we dared
to legislate in a certain way. the South would
teach the North a lesson ! That their minds
were made up to extreme resistance ! Is this
the place to use threats instead of arguments 1
Are the Representatives of freemen to be thus
treated? True, you are not wholly without
justification in the belief that it will be effec
tual. You have toooften intimidated Congress.
You have more than once frightened the tame
North from its propriety, end found "dough
faces" enough to be your tools. Arid when
you lacked a given number, I fake no pride in
saying, you were sure to find them in oid Penn
sylvania, who, in former years, has ranked a
portion of her delegation among your most sub
missive slaves. Hut 1 hope, with 6ome fears,
that the race of doughfaces is extinct. Ido
not see how it could be well otherwise. They
were an unmanly, an unviril race, incapable,
according to the laws of nature,of reproduction,
i hope they have left no descendants. The old
ones are deep in political graves. For them I
am sure there is no resurrection, for they were
soulless. Now, when the whole civilized world
unites in denouncing slavery as a curse, a
shame and a crime, I trust that when the great
battle between liberty and slavery comes to be
fought en this floor, there will be none found
hiding among the stuff, no fraudulent concr-s.-
ments, not one accuised Achan in this whole
, camp of the Representatives of freemen.
The eloquent gentleman from Virginia [Mr.
. S ELD EN,] tiie other day. in his beautiful perora
tion, personated the great States of Virginia,
Kentucky, and Louisiana, and in their name
apostrophized the good, and I will add, the
great man who now occupies the executive
chair; and in their name besought him as he
loved the place of his birth, the place of his
nurture, and tiie place of his residence, not to
forsake his southern brethien in this emergen
cy, but to stand by them in defence of human
bondage. How much more effective, enduring,
and hallowed would that eloquence have beau,
had the orator's lips been touched wiih a coal
from the Altar of Freedom ! Then could he
have gone with friendly anxiety to that noble,
benevolent, and heroic man, and admonished
| him, that although he had gathered all the
earthly laurels that can tie reaped by the sickle
of death, yet if he would have his name descend
to posterity with increasing lustre, lie must, by
one great, just, and patriotic example, wipe
out the only spot that obscured the sun of his
glory. He might with propriety have taken
with him the learned gentirinan from Alabama,
[Mr. HiLLixJtD.] and together have pointed
biro to tiiat sdletnji hour, which to him, and to
all of us who are treading thedown-hili of life,
must soon arrive, when the visions of ambition
and of earthly wealth thtii have passed from
before his eyes, and leit him nothing but a gap
ing grave, and an eternal judgement.
The accomplished gentleman from Alabama,
[Rev. Mr. HILUAHH.J might with peculiar pro
priety, do what, with profane lips 1 dare not, go
to his illustrious friend, end with fervid piety
and eloquence more thrilling than that which
made Felix tremble, implore him by a lovs
deeper thnn that of birth-place, of nurture, and
of residence—by the love ot hisown immortal
soul, to he warned in time bv the awful, the
inexorable doom—"Accursed is the man-oteai
er." He might, perhaps, have pointed io Vl.e
gloomy journey that leads through the dar;
shadow, and show n him bow ineffably brighter
are the glories of that Kingdom where all are
free. Perchance, too, he would have noticed
the thronging thousands travelling to that same
diend tribunal, summoned to give evidence nf
deeds done in the body ; some of them weie
bondsmen and slaveson earth, but whose ilsrni
bodied spirits were then disenthralled, erect, tall
as the proudest of earth's oppressors; am! ask
ing him to inquire of his own conscience, who
was most likely to meet hearty welcome there
—he. whose cause was advocated bv the sup,
plicating voices of thousands with whom he
had dealt justly on earth, and made free indeed,
or he whose admission should be withstood by
myriads of crushed and lacerated souls, show
ing their chains, their stripes, and their wounds
to their Father, and to his Father; to their Dod,
and to his Judge.
IARI I E D .
On Tuesday last, sth inst., by the Rev. H
Rohland, Mr. Jons SWAN, of Lewistown, W
Miss LTOIA SCIINEE, of New Berlin.
On Thursday, 261h ult., by Rev. T. Tanybill.
.Mr. SCOTT GALBRAITH and Miss ELIZABITH
SMITH, both of Newton Hamilton.
On tha 26th ult., by Rev. S. P. Lilly, JOBS
WHERRY to Miss MART ANN SAGER, both ot
Derrv township.
On the 3d inst., by Rev. J Rosenberg. D. W
I DN T , of Juniata county, to MissC. J. PARI HIT,
of l>erry township, Mifflin county.
On the 31st of January, in McVeytown. by
Rev. David Sterrett, ROBERT LACGHUN,
Wayne township, to Miss MART OATH, OL D' l "
ver township.
DIED.
On the 17 th ult., in Granville township. Jen*
11. MINEHART, son of John and Mary Minehacl.
aged 12 years, 6 months, and 25 days. Me die'-
of a severe attack of Scarlet Fever, which nc
bore with patience and without a murmur U<j
eight days, ur.d then slept in his blessed Savior
arms.
Descend from Heaven, immortal Dove.
Sloop down and take me on thy wing*,
And mount and bear me far above
The reach of these tuferior things
Beyond, heyond this lower sky—
Up where eternal ages roll;
Where solid pleasures never die,
Clothed iu a body like our own.
When shall the dav, dear Lord, appear,
That 1 shall mount to dwell above.
And stand and bow among them there,
And view tliv face and sing and icr.