JPrifcSlDl'-Vl"* -TIE KsE. Mtcw-Citi:*** f ' *'**" * rpe.scttrsrirrs: Sixtv year* have elapsed since ihe establishment ol this Government, and ft.e Congress .-I the United States again assembles to Iterate for an empire of freemen. Tne predicn.wrs of et >l pr>qifc*ls, who formerly pretended ;■• foretell tire downfall f uvir institutions,are now re tn-inhered only to be derided, and the United States of America, at this moment, presents to Ibe wor d the most staple and permanent Government on earth. Such is lira result of the labors of those who hive gone before us. I'p ui Congress will eminently de|iend the future maintenance ut our system >f fee pivrmnient, a.id the transmission °f it, unimpaired, to posterity. We ar.; *i peace with all tiie nations of the world, & seek to maintain otir cherished relations of amity with tliem. During; the past year, we have been blessed by a kind Providence, with an abundance of the fruits of l lie earth ; and. although th: destroying angel, for a time,visited ex tensive portions of our territory with the ravages of a dreadful pestilence, yet, 'he Almighty has at length deigned to ft ay his hand, and to restore the imttia.able blessing of general health to a people w ho In t • ac knowlcuged bis l>otver, deprecated his w rath, and implored his merciful protection. While enjoying the benefits of amicable intercourse with foreign nations, we have not been insensible to th? distractions and wars which have prevailed inotliprquar ters of the world. It is a profier theinc <>f thaukegiving to Him who rules the destinies of nations, that we have been able to ma in tain,amidst all these contests,an indepen dent and neutral position towards ah belligerent power' Our relations with Great Britain are of the most friend ly character. In consequence of the recent alteration of the British navigation acts, British vessels, from British ttnd other foreign ports, will, (under our existing laws,) after the first day of January next, be admitted to entry In our ports, with cargoes of the growth, manufacture, or production of any part of the world, on the same terms, as to duties, imposts, and charges, as vessels of the United States with their cargoes ; and our vessels will be admit ted to Ihesaiiic advantages in British ports,ettieringthere -.n on the same terms as British vessels. Should mi order In council disturb this legislative arrangement, the late r.ctof the British I'arl.anient, by wh eh Great Britain is brought within tne terms proposed by the act of laitigrcss of the Ist of March, le>lT, it is hoped, will be productive of benefit to both countries. A slight iiuerm i on of diplomatic intercourse, which occurred between this Government and France, I am happy to say. has been terminated, and our Minister there tins been received. It is therefore unnecessary to refer, now, to the circumstances which led to that interruption I need not express to you the sincere satisfaction with which we shall welcome the arrival of another Envoy- Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary from a sister republic, to which v. e have so long be < n, arid still remain, tound by the sir 1171-st ties of amity. Shortly after I had entered upon the discharge of the Executive duties, i was apprised tint a war steamer, be- I mging to the German Umpire, was being tilted out 111 the tiarbor i f New Voile, w it h the aid of some of our naval ofli -1 erg.rendered under the permission of the lite Secretary of tne Navy. This permission was granted during an armis tice between that Empire and the Kingdom of Denmark, tvliich had been engaged in the Mliieswigllolstein war. Apprehensive that this act of intervention, on our part, might be viewed as a violation of our neutral obligations, incurred by Die treaty wnh Denmark, and of the provi sions o? the act of Congress of the d 'th of April, IMb, I directed that no further aid should be rendered by any ager.t or ofii -er of the Navy ; and I instructed the Mere t iry of Male to apprize the Minister of 'he German Em pire accredited to this Government, f my determination ta e tecu'e th • law of the I piled States, and to maintain the faith of treaties with ah nations. The correspondence which ensued between the Department of sit ate and tin- Minister of the G -rtnan Empire, is herewith laid before you The exe~ution of the law and the observance of the treaty were deero-d by me to l e do*- to the honor of the country, as we,l as to the sacred obligations of the Con stitution. I si.all not fail to pursue the saute course, should a similar case arise with any other nation. Having avowed the opinion, on taking the oalit of of f.re, that, in disputes between conflicting foreign govern ments, it is otir interest, not !es than our duty, to remain strictly neutral, I shall not abandon it Von will perceive, troin the correspondence submitted to you, in connexion with this subject, that the course adopted in this ease has been properly regarded by Ike hi iligerent powers inter ested in the mailer. Although a Minister of the United Mates t . th- German Empire was appointed by my predecessor in August, IMS, and has. for a long time, been in attendance, at Frankf.-rt oo-lhe-Maine ; and allhoiigha Minister, appointed to re present that Empire, was received and accredited here, yet no such Government as that of the German Empirs has been definitely constituted. Mr. Donclton, our repre sentative at Frankfort, remained there several months, in the expectation that a union of the German Mate*, under one constitution or,farm of government, might, at length, be organized It is believed, by those well acquainted v. ith the existing relations bet ween Prussia and the Mate* of Germany, thai no such anion can be permanently estab lished without her co-operation. In the event of the for mation of such a union, and the organization of a central power ii Germany, of which she should formapart.it would become necessary to withdraw our Minister at Berlin ; but while Prussia exists as an independent king dom, and diplomatic relation!- are maintained with her, there can be no necessity for the continuance of the iri s.on to Frankfi-ft I have, therefore, recalled Mr Donel son, and directed the archives of the legation, at I rank fort, to be transferred to the American legation at Berlin. Having been apprized that a cunsi lerable nuother of adventurers were engaged 111 fining out a military expe dition, within the United Mates, against a foreign coun try ; and believing, from lit* best inf.irmation that I could obtain, that it was destined to invade the island of Cuba, I deemed it due to the friendly relations existing between the United Mates and Hfi'iin ; to th<- lr-aty between the two nations; to the laws of the United States, and,above all, to the American honor, to exert the lav fu! authority -i f this Government in suppressing ihe expedition and preventing the invasion. To tins end, i issued a procla mation, enjoining ii upon the < fti ere < (tie- United Males, -civil and military, to use all lawful means within their power. A copy of that proclamation is herewith submit ted T/.e expedition has been suppressed 80 long a* the -art of Congress, of the tWtli of Ap. il, IMS, which own iis existence to the law of nationsand totiie (Kilicy of Wash ington himself, shall remain on our statute-book, I hold it to be the duly of trie Eierutivg faithfully to obey it* in Junctions. AA iule thin expedition was iri progress, I was informed that a foreigner, who claimed our protection, had been clandestinely, and, i was supposed, forcibly, carried off in a ve*sel from New Orleans to t'.ie island of t'uba. I immediately caused such steps t-< be taken as I thought r.cressaty. in rase the information"! had received should prove correct, to vindicate the honor of the country, and ttie right of every person seeking an asylum on our soil to the protection of our laws. The person alleged to have been abduried was promptly re*n r--r the leading causes r f her delay in indemnifying our suffering citizen* Hut I must now ssy, 11 is matt- r of profound r- gret that these claims have not yet been ..-ttted '1 he omission of Por tugal to do justice to the A-tirrlcan ctalmsnts ha* no w as sumed a rlnrsiter so grove aim serious that I -,ll*ll short ly make It the su'ij-i lo! , spec) ,| rues rage to Gong, ess, wltn a view to such ultimate- action us 11* wisdom and patrioiin- may suggest. D lit Ejss.t, Avistria Prisl. h cx!vc Dtbmsrl; Belgium, the Netherlands, and the Italian States, we stHI maintain mi- sec-tti>n!ed amicable relations. Danntf the recent rwolullotts in tke Tapal States, cur Uharge d" Affaire at Rome has been unable to present hi* letter of credence, which, inde-d, he was directed by my predecessor to withhold until he should receive further order* Such was tke unsettled condition of things in those Stales that it was not deemed ex[iedient to give ! him any instructions on the subject of presenting his - credential letter different from those with which be had been furnished by the late administration, until the 25th of June last ; wi:en, in consequence orthe want of ac curate information of the exact slate of things, at that distance frc-m us, lie was instructed to exercise his own discretion in presenting himself to the then existing gov : eminent, if, in his judgement, sufficiently stable ; or if 1 tint, to await further events. Since that period, Home has undergone another revolution, and he abides the es tablishment of a government sufficiently permanent to justify him in opening diplomatic intercourse with it. Witn the Republic of Mexico, it is our true policy to cultivate the most friendly relations Since the ratifi cation of the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, nothing has occurred of a serious character to ilmturb them. A faith ful übsorv ance of ihe treaty, ami a sincere respect for her rights, cannot fail tn secure tiie lasting confidence and friendship of that republic. The message of my prede cessor to the House of Representatives, of the bth of February last, communicating, in compliance with a resolution -if thai body, a copy of a paper called a pro tocol, signed at ti'ieretarn on the 20lh of May, lble, by the commissioners of 1 lie United States and Hie minister of foreign affairs 01* the Mexican government, having been a subject of correspondence between fhr Depart ment of State and the Envoy Extraordinary and Minis ter Plenipotentiary of tbul republic accredited to this government a iransaript of that correspondence is here . with submitted. The Commissioners on the part of the Uuhcd States ! for marking the boundary between he two republics, though delayed in reaching San Diego by unforeseen ob stacles, arrived at that place within a short period after ihe lime required by the treaty, and we w ere joined by the Commissioner on tiie part of Mexico. They enter, ed upon their duties ; ami at the date of the latest intel ligence from that quarter, some progress had been made in the survey. The expenses incident tn the organization of the commission, and to its conveyance tn the point where its operations were to begin, have so much re | d-.iced the fund appropriated by Congress, that a further sum, to cover the charges which must be incurred du ring the [resent fiscal year, v. ill be necessary, 'ihe great length of froniiei along which the boi n lary ex tends, the nature of the adjacent territory, md the diffi culty til" obtaining sup; li,-*. except at or near the extremes of the. lines, render it also imitspemiible that a liberal pro vision sh' old be made to meet the necr ssary charges: du ring Hie fiscal year ending on the 3Gih of June, I*sl. 1 accordingly recommended this subject to jour attention. In the adjustment of the claim* of American citizens on Mexico, provided for b> tic late treaty, the employ in- nt of counsel, on lite pan of the Government, may be - owe important for the pur|*-s of assisting the commis sioners in protecting the inter*-ts of the United States. I recommend this subject to tha early and favorable consideration ofUongress. Complaints have been made in regard to the ineffi ciency of the means provided by the government of New Grenada for transporting the I ulted Mates mail across the Dthmus of f'anaina, pursuant to nur Postal conven tion u ith that republic, of the 6th of March, Dri4 Our Charge d'Affaires at Bogota has been directed to make such representation to the government of New Grenada a* will, it is hoped, lead to a prompt removal of this cause of complaint. The sanguinary civil war with which the ID-public of ■ Venezuela has for some time past been rat aged, has | been brought to a close. Iri its pr grt-ss, the rights of son e of our citizen* resident or trading there have been violated. The restoration of order will afford the Venezuelan government an opportunity to examine arid redress ih- se i grievances and others of longer standing, which nur representatives at Uaraccas have, hitherto. Ineffectually urged upon the attention of that government. The extei.s <>n of the coast of the 1 ruled Mate* on the Pacific, and the unexampled rapidity with which the in ' habitants r.f ( ilit'orr.ta, especially, ar* increasing in num bers, have imparted new consequence to t-ur relations with the other countries w hose territories border upon that -jceaii It is probable that the intercourse between those countries and our possessions in that quarter, par lu ulariy with the Republic of ( lull, w ill become exten sive and mutually advantageous in proportion as tltlilbr- j nil and Oregon shall increase in population and wealth. - It is desirable, therefore, that this Government sbou'd do every thing 111 r.s power to ftmter and strengthen its rela lions with those Mates, ai d that the -pirn of amity be tween us should be mutual and cordial I recommend the observance of th* same course to ward# all other American Mate*. The United state# stand as the great American power to which, as their natural ally and friend, they wiil always be disposed, first, 10 look for mediation and assistance, in the event of any collision between them -and any European nation A* such, we may often kindly mediate in th--ir behalf, | without entangling ourselves in foreign wars or untie cessaty controversies. Whenever the faith of our trea- : ties with any of them shall require our interference, we must necessarily interpose A convention i.as been negotiated with Brazil provnl ! 11.g for the satisfaction of American ilattns on that gov ernment, and it will be submitted to the Senate. finer the last session of Congress, we have received an Envoy F.x'.raordinary and Min *t-r Plenipotentiary from that | empire, and our relations with it are founded upon the most amicable understanding Voiir attention is earnestly invited to an amendment ; of our existing laws relating to the African slave trade, with view to the effectual suppression of that barbarous traffic. It is not to t.e denied, that th s trade i* still, in part, earned on by means of vessel* built in the United Mates, and owned or navigated by some -if our citizens. The correspondence between th Department of Mate and the Minister and Consul of the United Mates at Rio de Janeiro, whi- h h * from lime I-- lime been laid before Congress, represent* that it 1* u customary device to cv ad- the penalties of our law* by means of sea letters. Vessels sold 111 Brazil, when provided with such papers by the Consul, instead ! ihe same tolls The work, if corinlructed under these guarantees, w ill become a bond of peace, instead of a subject of conten tion arid siritV, between the nations of the earth Should tie great maritime si.-iie* of Europe consent to this ar rang-toent, (and we hive no reason to suppose that a proposition so fair and honorable will be opposed by any) 1 lie energies of their people and our* will co operate in promoting the successor the enterprise. Ido not recom mend any appropriation from the National Treasury for this purpose, nor do 1 believe that such an appropriation is necessary. Private erterprise, if properly protected, w ill complete the work, should it prove to be feasible. The pnrties who have procured the charter from Nicara gua for it* construction, desire 110 assistance from this Government beyond its protection ; ami they profess that, having examined the proposed line of communication, they will he ready to commence the undertaking when ever that protection is extended to them. Should there appear to be reason, on examining the w hole evidence, to entertain a serious doubt of the practicability of con structing such a . anal, thai doubt coubl be speedily solved by an actual exploration of the route. Miould such a work he constructed, under the common prot.oXmn of „|| nations, for equal benefits to all, it would be neither just nor expedient that any great mari time state rhould command the communication. The lr rritory through who h the canal may be opened ought j to b' freed from th# claim# of liny foreign power. No each power rhoirld occupy a [unition tlist would cnahta ;i hoic..fit 1 i*. cVrfc.i-re •ii . i.lreMii.g no iofl • . 1 ov.-r the roninrcrr* .if the wnrhl or to obstruct a highway w hlch ouylit to h detlicalcd to the common use.? offnan kind The t.nttes across the Isthmus of Tetiuantepee and Panama. are also worthy of our serious consideration. They did not fail to-engage the attention of my prede cessor. Tire negotiator of the treaty of Guadalupe Hi dalgo was instructed to offer a very large sntn of money for the right of transit across the Isthmus of Tebuante pec. The Mexican government did not accede to the Imposition for the purchase of the right of way, proba bly because it had already contracted with private indi vidua!* for the construction of a passage from the Guas cualco river to Tehuantepec. 1 shall not renew any proposition to purchase, for money, a right which ought to he equally secured to all nathiiis, on the pay merit of a reasonable toll to the owners of the improvement, who would, doubtless, be well contented with that compensa tion and the guarantees of the maritime states of the world, in sejiarate treaties negotiated with Mexico, bind ing her and them io protect those who should construct ; the work. Such guarantees would do more to secure the completion of the communication through the territory j of Mexico, than any other reasonable consideration that could be offered ; and as Mexico herself would be the greatest gainer by the opening of this communication ' between the Gulf and the Pacific Ocean, it is presumed that she would not hesitate to yield her aid, in the man ift propoe7 50,) and in Treasury notes funded, ten millions eight bundled and thirty-three thousand dollars, (10,533.1 XX),) making an aggregate of fifty-nine millions six hundred and sixty-three thousand ninety-seven dollar* and fifty cents, .663.C97 50,, and the expenditures for the same tune were, in cash, forty six mdiions seven hundred and ninety-eight thousand six hundred and sixty-seven dollars and eighty-two cents. ( -jt JG,796, W7 firi,) and in Treasury notes funded, ten millions eight hundred and thirty-three thousand dollars, ■ f10,*33,0f It, making an aggregate of fifty-seven millions ix hundred and thirty-one thousand six hundred and sixty-seven dollars and eight) tworents, (#57,631,667 h'2.) 1 lie accounts and estimates which will be submitted to Congress in the report of the Secretary of the Treasury, show that there w ill probably be a deficit occasioned by the expenses of the Mexican war and treaty on the first day of July next, of five millions eight hundred and twenty-eight thousand one hundred and twenty-one dot !: the ex peud'lureof small sum* for lb'- collection and publication of agricultural statistic*, ami for some chemical analyses, which have been, thus far, paid out of the patent fond This aid i, in my opinion, wholly inadequate. To give lo this leading branch of American industry the encourage ment which it merits, I respectfully recommend the estab lishment of an Agricultural Bureau, to be connected with the Department of ihe Interior To elevate the social condition of the agriculturist, to increase hi* prosperity, and to extend hi* means of usefulness to his country, bv multiplying hit sources of information, should he lire study of every statesman, anda primary object with evety legis lator Nr. civil government having been provided by Congress fur California, tbe people < f that Territory, impelled by the necessities < f their political condition, recently met in convention, for the purpose of funning a constitution and Htate government, which, the latest ndvtres give me reason to suppose, has been accomplished ; and it is be lieved they wiM shortly apply for Ihe admission of Call fornia into the Union as a sovereign Htate, Should such he the case, and should iheir constitution he conformable to the reqi.i ution* of the Constitution of the 11. Hfates, I recommend tbeir application to the favorable considera tion .f Congress. The people of New Mexico will also, it is be lieved, at rio very distant period, present them selves for admission into the Union. Prepara tory to the admission of California and New Mexico, the people of each will have instituted for themselves a republican form of government, " laying it* foundations in such principles, and organizing its powers in surh form, a* to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness." Ity aw aiting their action, all causes of uneasi ness may be avoided, and confidence and kind feeling preserved. With a view of maintaining the harmony and tranquility so dear to all, we should abstain from the introduction of those exciting topics of a sectional character which have hitherto produced painful apprehensions in the public mind , and I repeat the solemn warn ing of the first and most illustrious of my prede cessors against furnishing ' • any ground tor char acterizing parties by geographical discrimina tions " j A collector has been appointed at San Fran cisco, under the act of Congress extending the revenue laws over California; and measures have been taken to organize the custom-houses at that and the other por!* mentioned in the act, at the earliest period practicable. The. collec tor proceeded overland, and advices have not yet been received of his arrival at San Francis co. Meanwhile, it is understood that the cus toms have continued to be collected there by officers acting under the military authority, as they were during the administration of my pre decessor. It will, I think, be expedient to con linn the collections lhu made end direct the avails (after such allowances as Congress may ; think fit to authorise) to be expended within the Territory, or to be paid into the Treasury, for j the purpose of meeting appropriations for the j improvement of its rivers and harbors. A party, engaged on the coast survey, was despatched to Oregon in January last. Accord- I ing to the latest advices, they had not left Cali- , fornia ; and dirertions have been given to them, ! as soon as they shall have fixed on the sites of the two light-houses and the buoys authorized to be constructed and placed in Oregon, to pro ceed without delay to make reconnoissance? of the most important points on the coast of Cali- j fornia, and especially to examine and determine on sites for light houses on that coast, the speedy i erection of which is urgently demanded by our ; rapidly increasing commerce. I have transferred the Indian Agencies from Upper Missouri and Council Bluffs to Santa Fe and Salt Lake ; and have caused to be appointed sub-agents in the valleys of the Gila, the Sacra mento, and San Joaquin rivers. Still further legal provisions will be necessary for the effec tive and successful extension of our system of Indian intercourse over the new territories. 1 recommend the establishment of a branch mint in California, as it will, in my opinion, af ford important facilities to those engaged in mining, as well as the Government in the dis position of the mineral lands. I also recommend that commissions be organ- j ized by Congress to examine and decide upon the validity of the present subsisting land titles in California and New Mexico ; and that provi sion be made for the establishment of offices of Surveyor General in New Mexico, California, and Oregon, and for the surveying and bringing into market the public lands in those territories. Those lands, remote in position and difficult of access, ought to be disposed of on terms liberal to all, but especially favorable to the early emi grants In order that the situation and character of the principal mineral deposits in California may be ascertained, 1 recommend that a geological and mineralogical exploration be connected with ' the linear surveys, and that the mineral lands be divided into small lots suitable for mining, arid be disposed of by sale or lease, so as to give our citizens an opportunity of procuring a perma nent right of property to the soil. This would seem to be as important to the success of mining as of agricultural pursuits. The great mineral wealth of California, and the advantages which its ports and harbors, and those of Oregon afford to commerce, especially with the islands of the l'acitic and Indian oceans, and the populous regions of Eastern Asia, make it certain that there will arise in a few years, large and prosperous communities on our west ern coast, it therefore becomes important that a line of communication, the best and most ex peditious that the country will admit, should be opened, within the territory of the United States, from the navigable waters of the Atlantic or Gulf of Mexico, to the l'acific. Opinion, as expressed and elicited by two large and respect able conventions, lately assembled at St. Louis and Memphis, points to a railroad as that which, if practicable, will best meet the wishes of the country. But while this, if in successful opera tion, would he a work of great national impor- • tanee, and of a value to the country which it would be difficult to estimate, it ought also to be regarded as an undertaking of vast magnitude and expense, and one which must, if it be indeed practicable, encounter many difficulties in its construction and use. Therefore, to avoid fail ure and disappointment; to enable Congress to judge whether, iti the condition of the country through which it must pass, the work be feasible, and if it be found so, whether it should be un dertaken as a national improvement or left to individual enterprise; and m the latter alterna tive, what aid, if any, ought to he extended to it by the Government, 1 recommend as a prelimi nary measure a careful reconnoisancc of the several proposed routes by a scientific corps, and a report as to the practicability of making such a road, with an estimate of the cost of its con struction and support. For further views on these and other matters connected with the duties of the Home Depart ment, I refer you to the report of the Secretary of the Interior. I recommend early appropriations for continu ing the river and harbor improvements which have been already begun, and also for the con struction of those for which estimates have been made, as well as for examinations and estimates preparatory to the commencement of such others a* the wants of the country, and especially the advance of our population over new districts, and the extension of commerce, may render ne cessary. An estimate of the amount which can be advantageously expended within the next fiscal year, under the direction of the Bureau of rnpographiral Engineers, accompanies the re port of the Secretary of War, to which 1 re spectfully invite the attention of Congress. The cession of territory made by the late treaty with Mexico has greatly extended our ex posed frontier, and rendered its defence more difficult. 'I he treaty has also brought us under obligations to Mexico, to comply with which a military force is requisite. But our military establishment is not materially changed, as to its efficiency, from the condition in which it stood before the commencement of the Mexican war. Some addition to it will therefore be necessary , ' and I recommend to the favorable consideration of Congress an increase of the several corps of the army at our distant western posts, as proposed < in the accompanying report of the Secretary of War. Great embarrassment has resulted from the ( Heel upon rank, in the army, heretofore given to brevet and staff commissions. The views of the Secretary of War, on thi* subject, are deem ed important, and if carried into effect will, it is believed, promote the harmony of the service, i he plan proposed for retiring disabled officers, and providing an asylum for such of the rank arid tile as front age, wounds, and other infirmi ties occasioned by service, have become unfit to ; perform their respective duties, is recommended as a means of increasing the efficiency of the Army, and as an act of justice, due from a grate ful country to the faithful soldier. The accompanying report of the Secretary of the Navy presents a full and satisfactory account ot the condition arid operations of the naval service during the past year. Our citizens en gaged in the legitimate pursuits of commerce have enjoyed its benefits. Where vet our na tional vessels have gone, they have been received with respect, our officers have been treated with kindness and courtesy, and they have on all oc casions, pursued a course of strict neutrality, in accordance with the policy of our Government. '1 he naval force at present in commission is as large, a* i* admissible, with the number of men autboi ized by Congress to be employed. I invite your attention to the recommendation of t,i< Secretary of the Navy on the subject of a reorganization of the Navy, in its various grades of officers, and the establishing of a retired list for such ot the officers as are disqualified for ac tive and effective service. Should Congress a dopt some such measure as is recommended, it will greatly increase the efficiency of the Navv, atui reduce its expenditures. I also a*k your attention to the views expres sed by him in reference to the employ ment of w arsteamcrs, and in regard to the contracts for the transportation of the United States' mails and the operation of the system upon the pros perity of the Navy . 1 By an act of Congress passed August 14, 1348, provision was made for extending post-office and in.til accommodations to California and Oregon, r.tortious have been made, to execute that law ; 1 >ut the limited provisions of the act, the inade quacy of the means it authorizes, the ill adap tation ol our post-office law s to the situation of that country, and the measure of compensation lor services allowed by those laws, compared with the prices of labor and rents in California, render those exertions, in a great degree, inef- Jectual. More particular and efficient provision by law is required on this subject. fhe act oi J345. reducing postage, hes now, ; by its operation 'hiring four yeai*, produced re sults fully showing that the income from ieduc ed postage is sufficient to sustain the whole ex pense of the service of the Post Office Depart ment, not including the cost of transportation in mail steamers on the lines from New York to Oliagres, and from Panama to Astoria, which have not been considered by Congress as pro perly belonging to the mail service. It is submitted to the will of Congress, whe ther a further reduction of postage should not now be made, more particularly on the letter correspondence. This should he relieved Irom -the unjust burthen of transporting arid deliver ing the franked matter of Congress, for which public service provision should be made from the treasury. I confidently believe that a change tnay safely be made, reducing all single letter postage to the uniform rate of five cents, regardless of distance, without thereby impos ing any greater tax on the treasury than would constitute a very moderate compensation for this public service; arid I therefore respectful ly recommend such a reduction. Should Con gress prefer to abolish the franking privilege entirely, it seems probable that no demand on the treasury would result from the proposed re duction of postage. Whether any further dimi nution should now be made, or the result of the reduction to five cents, which 1 have recom mended, should be first tested, is submit.ed to your decision. Since the commencement of the last session of Congress, a Postal treaty v, ith Great Britain has been received and ratified, and such regula tions have been formed by the Post Office De partments of the two countries, in pursuance of that treaty, as to carry its provisions into full operation. The attempt to extend this same arrangement, through England, to France, has not been equally successful; but the purpose lias not been abandoned. For a particular statement of the condition of the Post Office Department, and other matters connected with that branch of the public ser vice, I refer you to the report of the Postmaster General. By the act of the 3d of March, 1649, a Board was constituted to make arrangements for tak ing the seventh census, composed of the Secre tary of State, the Attorney General, and the Postmaster General, and it was made the duty of this Board " to prepare and cause to be print ed such forms and schedules as might be neces sary for the full enumeration of the inhabitants of tiie United Stales ; and also proper forms and schedules for collecting in statistical tables, un der proper heads, such information as to mines, agriculture, commerce, manufactures, educa tion, and other topics, as would exhibit a full view of the pursuits, industry, education, and resources of the country." The duties enjoined upon the Census Board, thus established, having been performed, it now rests with Congress to enact a law for carrying into effect the provision of the Constitution which requires an actual enumeration of the people of the United States within the ensuing year. Among the duties assigned by the Constitu tion to the General Government is one of local and limited application, but not, on that account, the less obligatory ; i allude to the trust com mitted to Congress, as the exclusive legislator arid sole guardian of the interests of the District of Colnmbia. I beg to commend these interests to your kind attention. As the National me tropolis, the city of Washington must be an ob ject of general interest; and, founded as it was under the auspices of him whose immortal name it bears, its claims to the fostering care of Con gress present themselves with additional strength. Whatever can contribute to its pros perity must enlist the feelings of its Constitution al guardians, and command their favorable con sideration. Our Government is one of limited powers, and its successful administration eminently de pends on the confinement of each of its co-ordi nate branches within its own appropriate sphere. 1 lie first section of the Constitution ordains that "all legislative powers therein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United Slates, wfiich shall consist of a Senate and House of Repre sentatives." The Executive has authority to recommend (not to dictate) measures to Con gress. Having performed that duty, the Execu tive department of the Government cannot rightfully control the decision of Congress on any subject of legislation, until that derision shall have been officially submitted to the Presi dent for approval. The check provided by the Constitution, in the clause conferring the quali fied veto, will never be exercised by nie, except in the ca*es contemplated by the fathers of the Republic. I view it as an extreme measure, to be resorted lo only in extraordinary eases—as where it may become necessary to defend the Executive against the encroachments of the le gislative power, or to prevent hasty and incon siderate or unconstitutional legislation. I?v cautiously confining this remedy within the sphere prescribed to it in the cotemporaneons expositions of the franiers of the Constitution, the w ill of the people, legitimately expressed on all subjects of legislation, through their con stitutional organs, the Senators and Representa tives of the I ruled States, w ill have its full ef fect. As indispensable to the preservation of our system of self government, the indepen dence of the Representatives of the States and the jreople is guarantied by the Constitution, and they owe no responsibility to anv human power but their constituents. By holding the Repre sentative responsible only to the people, and exempting him from all other influences, we el evate the character of the constituent and quick en bis sense of responsibility to his country. It is under these circumstances only that the elec tor can leel that, in the choice of the law-maker, he is himself, truly, a component part of the sovereign power of the nation. With equal care we should study to defend the rights of the executive and judicial departments. Our Gov ernment can only be preserved in its puritv by the suppression and entire elimination of every claim or tendency of one co-ordinate branch to encroach upon another. \N ith the strict observance of this rule and the other injunctions of the Constitution—with a sedulous inculcation of that respect and love for the I nion of the States, which our fathers cherished and enjoined upon their children, and with the aid of that overruling Providence which ha* so long arid so kindly guarded our liberties and institutions, we may reasonably expect to transmit them with their innumerable blessings to the remotest posterity. But attachment to the Union of the. States should be habitually fostered in every American heart. For more'than half a centurv, during which kingdoms and empires have fa'llen, this I nion has stood unshaken. The patriots who lormrd it have long since descended to the grave ; yet "till remains, the proudest monument to their memory, and the object of affection and admiration with every one worthy to bear the American name. In my judgement, its dissolu tion would be the greatest of calamities, and to avert that should be the study of every Ameri can. Upon its preservation must depend our own happiness and that of countless generations to come. Whatever dangers may threaten it, 1 shall stand by it and maintain it in its integrity, lo the full extent of the obligations imposed, and the power conferred upon me by the Con stitution. '/'■ TAYLOR. W ASHisrcTOM, December 4th, 1849. PUBLIC NOTICE. WHEREAS thf tricrß rush nt C. I..Jones' celebrated new cheap cash store for de sirable and cheap jr,>otls Ims tendered it ni many times impossible to wnii upon all the customers, many have had to wait, ami some beinp in a hurry have been obliged to leave the store; th is is to inform nil sncli that there is now nn additional force udded. so that all can he nccommoduted without delay. Come on for cheap poods at O. 1,. JONES' Celebrated New Cheap C&fh Siorc November IT, IS 19 < K\Tlt A A mnti Si the niiii.e iff < /. ? / /' h* eta ni-ti uli „ voting ninn nf to* n*tn** of I' Tounnrnri aid av< hi, untnr Ui (nit UJ> h Sncovnun'tlK. which lion mil Mr. Town •end'* Hr--((nrillH. denominntin* i' O F.Vt /.VP. i Vrijuni •tc. Tlii* Tow iiM-nd is vo doctur. and never vw u , hut vt ** formerly h worker on mi [road t mnalt, and the III:*. ), e ilame>i the ntie of Mr., f " the purpo\ of •kiining credit i..r w hat ho i* not. Thi* i to ' union the pulilir not to he deceived, and pnrrhuue none hut the U F.KI 'IKF. Oltlfn. K.HI. Of.I) Dr. Jacob Tow n-ed' Sarxapurilla having u* it the Old Mr's likenevv hi* family coal of nrnm, a n j (,i nfnaiure acnnt the root ol arms. Principal Of.-. ti'J .V-ocao .VrK t urlt Clly 1 l< id/'IdU NSlAil. THF. ORIGINAL MISO >VF.RER OF THB (.oiiuiuc Townsend Sar*ajaril!a. Old Mr. Townsend i now ntioiil TO years nf -isi-. ano l.m long been known a* the .1 C'l'HOH and IHSt nl /• H F.R of the OKKL'I.VK OHIOI-V.il. TOIf.V.-h'.Vh S.ik- S.i P.iH I 1.1..1.'' Being poor, he was com pel led to limit its tn.-.EUf.wmre, by which means it has been kept oat of n. .r ket. and the sales circumscribed to those only who had proved it* worth, and known its value, it had reached the ears of many, neverthelei*. as those persons who had been healed of sore diseases, and saved from death, pro claimed its excellence and wonderful HEALING POWER. Knowing, many yrarx ago. that he hud by his *k.: ! , icience and experience, dt-vised nn article wli.rh would he of incalculable advantage to tu takiod when the means would ,>e furnished to liring it into nnivern! notice, when its inestimable virtues would be known and appreciated. This time liar come, the i:tean* are supplied ; tins OH.HKI) .HKI> r.VKHV.II.I.KU I'RF.P.iHATIOJf t* manufactured on the largest scale, and is called for throughout the length and breadth of the land, e-pcctnby u it is found incapable of dajteuratioo or deterioration. L'nlike young rv I' TowsendN.U iuti>roves with age and never changes, hot for the better : because it is prepared e* ectrntidc principle* by a gcientife m. The highest know-l edge of Chemistrv. aod the latest d.acovenes of Um art, have all been brought into requisition in the manufacture of the Old Mr's Mursapartila. The Sarnapar.lia root, it t* well known to medical tarn, contains many medicinal pro ponies, and some properties which are tuert or useless, and others, which if retained in preparing it for use, produce fern:rub,torn and acid., which is injurious to the system Some of the properties of UnrsaporiUa are so volatile, that they ent.reiy evajioraie and are lost in the preparation f they are not preserved by a tcientijie prvcrtt, known only to those etperieneed in its manufacture Moreover, these volatile prmetplts, which fly off in vapor, ores an exhala tion. under heat, are the very estential medical proper:,ei of the root, which give to it ail its value. SOURING. * i.i Mr- N i i.v,. At ID "COM POUND" OF S. P. TOWNSEND, tnd yet be wou ii fun i> ve tr :-r- J that O.c IKJi.eob l ownsend's flmum' Orig n.il .hirst,-.anlia is an IMITA n 'N of his infer.or preparation Heaven forbid that we shonld -deal in an article which would tiear the iiukt distant rcx-mb ance t ■*. J". Town tenri'* article' and w !i rh thonid bring down -..(ion the Old Mr. such a mountain brad of ranp'sinli \nC rr mini Hons from Agents who have void, anu iNctrnnser- who have used ■. F. Tow-mend's FbRMKM INt, I'DMPiii Mi We wi*h it understood. :ivcH"'t it the I'o.Vr 'rvtk, lhat S. P. Townsend"* article and Old Mr. Jacob Tow n iend"s Sarsaparilla are keavn-iri these diseases ' ft is to arrest Iriud* tt|>rin the unformn.ate, to pour biUn into wotinded Iniiuanit ~ to kindle hope in the desfiairinj hoanin. to restore health and bioom. and vigor into the crushed and broken, and to banish infirmitv that 01.1 l DR. JACOB TOWN BEN L> haa SOUGHT aodFOIND the op portnaity and meant to bring his Grand Lniversal Concentrated Itemed*' w thin the reach, and t-> the know ledge of ail who need if, that they m iy iearu and know, by joyful etjienence. its Transcendent Power to Heal. Any pron c*r. boi! or iirw the rtvu till ihfy (fei a d&rfc colored liquid, which is more from the coloring nialicf la the root than from any thing eise : they can then strain this Insipid or vapid f quid, sweeten w th sour molasses, tnd then r-li it •• B A RBAPA KILf. A EXTRACT or SY- Rl P." But stu h is not the article known as the GENUINE OLD DR. JACOB TOWNSEND'S SARBAPARILLA. Thin is prrjmril. that nil the inert properties os re first rewmved. every thine capable c.f tiec)cn np nriii r of terinentation, is extracted and reeded; then every }>ar.; le of* medical virtue is secured in a pure and c.mccntmu .i form ; and thus it is rendered mcapahle o* any #t" its valuable ami heating properties. Prepared in this Wix), it s made the most {w>werful npenl in the Uiirit f iiiiinmerable diseases. Hence the reason why we hear commendations on every side in its favor by men. women, and children. We find it doing wonders tn the cure of COKSUMPTIOK. /> I'sPEPs/.f. and I.U F.R COM ri..il.VT. and in RMKCJUITtSJI, SCROFVI-0, PH.IS. COSTIf'i .VP.SS. nil OLI.iKF.OUS FH CP TICKS. riJHPJ.r.S. PI.UCTHF.S. and a ! affections arising from IMPURITY OF THE BLOOD. It posses-es n marvellous* tlicary in - o complaints arising from tadigectiri. Lnnti .liiuiiy of the Sit-mack. troin unequal circulation, determination of blood to the head. |lpitaiiou ol the heart, co excellence more ni initesli)" seen &nd ftcknon o dged than in all kind* and Mages of FEMALE COMPLAINTS. It work* wonders in cases of F nor .i.'bu* or ff kite*. Fail ing i- • e H , n- - OUi-trafttii. Sttpprc.-y d, or Painful Mtnte*, Inrgi. nitty oi the mentrnn: i-ertiais, and the like; and is as effectual in curing all the forms of A'ofx'r M'smsr*. By removing obstructions, ami regulating the general system it gives tone and -irtt-gth to the whole body, and thus cures all form* ot Nervous til senses and ilityt and 111 us prevents r r- ;.ves a src.kt Ninety f other nuU •lies. 's s/>.w<; irrtta 'ft, A "eura'#**?, St. I'ilM#* JUnct Stemming Fr> -pt.. I (\*nrul*lt as. At. It cleanses* the hl-awi. excites the iixer to healthy action, tones the .slum irh. and car. goinf digestion, relieves the bowels of lorjkir end constipation, allays inflammation, aunties the skin, equalises the circulation of the biood. producing gentle warmth eqwatly all over the body, and the htsrusible perspiration ; r.-. iv. - ail strictures and tight it'-ss. removes all obstructions, and Invigorates the enure nervous system. Is nut this then The medicine \ou prf-ominenlly oi-fu * lint can anv ot these tilings lie said ot it. P. iownsend s inter or ,n . .- T Tins toung man's liquid • not to be \UMPAUED WITH THE OLD DR-S, tcci'll ill one tJIJANM F It'T. that Ibe one is l.it.tr.t 81.l ot ME rKRIt'K' ATKIN. and NEVER SPOILS, . . v ,i r r> • < v'rfMFfa/, /cr*rKfif, Rni bfox*ng ac i'idbc'c....'ta,.. .:g it imo .'agmenu . the -our. acid liquid l\ . ,d , g and d .in ig-r.g otiu-r gomls I Must not this hom ' , ,111., i be poisonous to the system ! H hatput end mi" a •! nlreaiiv d traced ir th acid ' What cause* D\m-ci>mii but acid 1 Mi> we not nil know that when fond sours in our sioin chs. whit in.-chiefs it produce* t flatn lenci. heartburn palpitation of the heart, liver complaint, diarrhip*. dysentery, colic, ami r->rruptton of the li-oodt V\ hat is Srrotula but an arid humor in the body ? \\ hst produces all the humors which bring on Eruption* of th* Skui, .-scald Head Sili Rheum. Erysipelas. White Ssweil bigs, l ever Sore., and all ulcerations internal and extern*.l It is nothing tinder heaven, but an acid substance, which aours. and thu< spoils ail the fluid" of the body, more or less. What causes Rheumatism bill a sour or acid fluid which insinuate- it-c't between the >onl* and elsew here, irrtl. ting and tntlann g the delicate tissues upon wb-ch n acta T r-u of nervous diseases, ol impurity ot the bhaui. ,* deraugid rircu'sltou*. and nearly mi the ailment* which afflict human nature. Now Is it nut horrible to mas* *n.i sell. nd ivodef itorti to use this o^7"For sale in l.cvvihtown liy F„ ALL-LN. who is solo ajo nt for Mifflin county, may 'JG. I^4o—ly. Superior Sugar-house Molasses, ALSO. *V FAV Orleans and the roal genuine CUihien i Xl Syrup for sale at the former low prires, which is at least "20 per cent, under the reju lur country prices. A large supply 011 hard At ('. L. JON ICS* tu>!J. New CltP3n Uauh Stiiff