1
fwhm
VOL. II., No. 0. LEHIGHTON, CARBON COUNTY, PENN'A, SATURDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 0, 1873. SINGLE COPIES, TIIREE OENTg
Lehighton Directory.
Agent.
TV. C. Frailrlrl, Singer Swing iljchine and In
iuran, next to E. 11. Snyder's, llnk strett.
Barber,
K. D. WIddos, Sharing, Hair Cutting and Sham
pooing, under Kxchange Hotel, llauk street.
Hoot KU.l Shoe Makers.
Charlss Yenser, nearly oppotiu the potlcffice, Bank
street; also, dealer in Omfectimery.
Clinton llretnoy, in Levan't luitding. Dank s treet.
All vrdtn promptly filled work warranted.
Confectioners.
Hausman 4 Kuhn, opposite Obert's store, Dank
street. Ml vrderi promptly filled.
Dry Goods and Groceries
7,. II. Long, opp. J s- Depot, Dank at., dealer in
Hardware, Queenmare, Ladia' Drat Good; Cc.
H. A. DelU, Leucltel's lilock, UJ5 hfSSi?'
Groccria, Qutentware, Curpeli, Oil CfotAa it Coal.
J5. ii. Snyder, Hank street,, Dry Oondi, Notimt,
Ural Uoodt, Oroceriet, Quantware, Hardware,:.
Drugs nntl Medicines.
A.J Burling, first door shore 1. 0, liank, street.
Oflt, lttintt, Perfumery, Patent iledicina, da.
Hardware.
V. P. Bemmel, nearly opp. Kxchanfo Hotel, Bank
street, Chltiwtort, Oili, Joints, Guano, Oc.
Hotel.
Thomas Mantt, Eichanse," opp. l'uhllo 8o.ua e,
Bank at. Patronage tolirilcd.
Mcrclimit Tailors.
Clanss 4 Dro, Bank street, and nValeri l in Genlt'
iVrnishing Goodt, Uootl, Slioa, Hatl, Cupt, at.
Thomas S, Deck, V. 0. building, liank at- 3tniP l
RmiisAing Coodt, Halt, Oapt, School Hook), del
milliner.
Mrs. E. Vath, Dank street, 2nd'door below the M.
E. Church. Notlom and Trimmingi
Phystclam and Surgeons.
Dr. C. 8. derman, corner of Bank and lion stree s
OmtuUatim in English and German.
Dr. N. D. Keber, next door 'to P. 0., Dank street..
Consultation in English and German.
Provisions.
Jos. Obert.Bank St Paekbuj, Curing and Smoking
Establishment. AU orders promptly filled.
3. Vattlnger 4 Son, Dank lUdcaUrt in Hour and
ieJ, Groceriei, lYttitsand Vegetables.
Watchmaker and Jeweler.
.0. Dolleomayer, South' street, above Dank eU
" Dealer in 11'uWies, Cloclt, Jlingi, ft.
yy M. lXAPSHEIt,
ATTOKNEY AND COUNSELLOR AT LAWi
Bask StUIT, LtUlOOTOK, Pi.
Ileal Estate and Collection Agency. Will Buy slid
Sell Ural Estate. Conveyancing neatly do ue. Col
lections promptly made. IMtlliig KMatea of l)e
tetlent, a specialty. May be consulted la English
jindOerman.
Jji II. SNYDBIt,
Justice of tub Peace,
Lehlgliton, Pa.
Office In Ills store.opposlte the Eagle
Hotel. Collecfons and Drawing up of
Deeds promptly attended to. n'22-4in
n. B1KWEI18,
ATT0KNEY AND C0UNSELL0U AT LAW,
OFFICE! Ground rirorintbeiiewaddl'lonof the
Mansion House, Mnich rhunk. Pa. Dullness
transacted In English and German. Collections
promply mado and ConTeyanclngJueally done.
-JjJD. C. DISIMIOK,
DISTIUCT ATTOKNEY, ATTORNEY AT LAW.
Offlce, ojiUroabwat, flrst door below American
Hotel, MauchCuuuk, 1'eua's. Collections prompt
ly made. Nov.
N. II. UKDEIl,
PRACTICINO PHYSICIAN AND BURGEON,
Office, Bike Strut, next door shore the PostoBlce,
Lehighton, Pa. Office Hours ParryTllls each day
rom 10 to 13o'olock romalndor of day stomreln
IVehlghtoi. Nor-M. '72.
Jg M, MWIiUKUIV,
ATTOENEY AT LAW,
MAUOII CHUNK, PA.
Oct 18, 1878.
Railroad Guide.
J)BNNSYI.VANIA HAIbltOAD.
Tast Time and Sure Connections !
Vive Express Trains Dally from
Ilarrlsbnrg to the.West.
Pullman Palace Cars through from Har
burg to Chicago, Cincinnati, Louis
vllle and St. Louis.
Tbe'number of mllea operated aud controlled by
this Company enable it to run cars through with
fewer changes than by any other line.
Passengers will And this, In all respects,
TUc Safest, Quickest & most
Comfortable Route!
BAGGAGE CHECKED THROUGH
ST For Rates, Tickets and all In
formation, apply at all Principal Offices
on Line of Lehigh Valley and Lehigh
& Susquehanna Railroads, and at) P.
It. It. Depot, Harrlsburg, Pa.
A. J. CABS ATT, General Manager.
D. M. D0YD, General Passenger Agent.
J. N. A1IDEY, Eastern Traieling Agent,
March 8, 1873- 901 Chestnut St., Phllad'a.
jqOUTII PISNNA.IlAlI.KOAD.
WibVie s'anHotxiNT.
Panengers for Philadelphia will leare Lehighton
as follows.:
6.09 s. m , ila L. V4 srrlre at Phils at 8.15 s.m
7J7a.m,TlaL. 4 8. " 11.10 a.m.
7.S9 a. m. tla L. V. " 11.10 p.m.
11.07 p. m. Tla L. 4 8. " 2.1& pjn.
lWlp.m.Tla L. V. " " 2.1S p.m.
ai.7p,Di.TlsL.4 8. " fiUp.m.
4.17 p. u. Tla L. 4 8. ' ' 8.20 p.m.
4.4 p.u.Tla.L. V. " " 8.20 p.m. i
7Sp.m.TlaL.V. " " 1030 p.m.
lleturnlntr. leare daoot at Derka anil' jfmjrln
ftr.eli. phllc., at 7.10, fUO and 9.45 a. iuj 2.10
3.30, sud 6.1S p. m.
tut from Lehighton to Philadelphia . . f2J&&
Nov. 2V, 173. ELLIS ULAR.K, Agent
Railroad Guide.
BNTHAL R. II. OP N. J.
LEI110II 4 SUSQUEHANNA DIVISION.
WINTER ARRANGEMENT,
Commenolug Deo. 1, 1873.
Down Tntiits.
No.l. No. 3. No.S. No. 7.
Leave A.M. A.M. A.M. P.M.
Oreen llldgc, 7.30 10.23 125
Brranton 7;iS 10 30 l-K)
Plttston 8.(hi 10.57 AM
Wilkes Ilarre 8.30 11.25 2.20
White listen OA", 12.55 3.40
Penn lia'o June 10.37 1419 4.10
Mauch Chunk 7.30 11.00 220 4-40
Catasauqun 8.3.1 11(8 3.17 539
Allelltown 8.43 12.0(1 3.25 6 47
Bethlehem 0.IKI 12 17 3.37 W'O
rrilEaston 9.27 12.43 4.03 0.25
Up Tkaiks.
No. 10. No. 4. No.C. No. 14.
Leave A. m. a. m. r. . p. m.
Easton H.30 11.(0 3.65 7.15
Bethlehem 8.55 12.13 4.27 7.43
Allentown V.10 12.25 4.37 7.67
Catasauq.ua 0,24 1232 4.45 8.00
Mauch Chunk 10.25 0.10
Pcnn Haren J'n. 10.45 2.02 n.2.5
White HaTen 11.22 2-40 7 08
Wltkes-Uarre....,'; 12 40 4.00 8.30 ....
Plttston .., 1.03 ,420 8.65
Bcranton ...v.- j;(0 4 66 0.25
Arr. Greoullidge 135 6.00 0.30 ....
n CONKECTIOKS.
AirtoucAonlnt; Valley R. if, Down trains Nos. 3
6 and Vand' Up trains Nos. 10 and 4 connect at
Mauch Chunk.
North Itnn'a 11. .B. Down trains Kos. 1, 3, 6 4
7 connectatBethlebeuiror Philadelphia. Up trains
NpsV10 4,4onicc:atDetbleheoi ror Philadelphia.
Returning IcaTol'hlladolptiia al 7.10 a, 111. for Kas
tonf'MancbChudk, Hath, Wilkes Barre, Tamuijua,
Scranton $harcn, 4c.l al 0.45 a. m'. for Easton,
Mauch Chunk, .Tamaqua, Wllllanisport, Wilkes
Barrejuid 8crnnton:'at 2.10 p. m. fur Bcranton,
Wilkes Uarre And intermediate stations; at 3410 p.
in. for UathUttd Easton ! at 6.15 p. ui. ftr Mauch
Chunk. , , .
Tamuqua Jlranch.V iralns Nos. 10 4 4, and
Down trains Nos. 3, 6 4 7 connect at Mauch Chunk
to and from Tamaqua.
Ltldgh d Lackawanna R. R. Down trains Xos.
14 7, and Up trains Ncs. 10 4 0 connect at Beth,
lehom for Bath and Chapniau Quarries. Keturn
log leave Cliapuian's nt 7.40 a. ui. and 2.15 p. in.
Ventral Railroad of New Jersey. All trains make
close connection at Ea.ton with trains on Central
llailroadof New Jersey.
JlflvidcrcDelawurc R. if. Down trains IS'os. 3
4 6, sod Up trains Nos. 4 4 14 tonnect at Phillips
burg with l)rl.-IM. H. K. to and from Trintou,
Philadelphia and Behldere
1'hUadelphia a Reading Jtaltroad. The Depots
of the East Penn it. It. aud tho L. 4 S. Division
are connected by Street Cars.
II. P. 1IALD1VIN, Gen. I'aaenger Agent.
Nov. 22, 1 87 J.
JTjKUlOIl VALLEY K.R.
Summer AnRAKOEUE.NT.
Patsenger trains loare Lehlghtou as follawst
Nortd 7.40 a. m., for M'h Chunk, White llateu.
Haileton, Mahanoy City, Mt. Carmel, Piltstun,
Wllkes-Ilarre, and all stations.
11:30 a n. for Mauch Chunk, (lieu Onoko, White
Haven, llazletou, Mahauoy City, Wllkes-barre,
Mount Carmel, Plttston, 'funkbannork, Tow
anda. Klmlra, ButTalo and Niagara Falls.
I. 20 t. m. for Mauch Chunk, Plttston, Waver
lyand intermediate stations
6.35 p. m.for Mauch Chunk, (Hen Onoko,
White Haven, llatleton. Mahanoy City, Wilkes
llarre, a"d Ptttstou.
Booth 5.09 a. m. for Allentown, Bethlehem, Eas
ton, Philadelphia. New York and all stations.
739 a. m.for Allentown, Heading, Bethlehem,
Pottsvllle, Harrlsburg, Eastou, Philadelphia, N.
York city and all atatlons.
II. 02 a. m.for Allentown, Dethlehein, Heading,
Harrlsburg, Hasten, Philadelphia aud N York.
4.44 p. in. for Allentown, Bethlehem, Easton,
Philadelphia, New York and all stations.
7418 p. in. for Stattngton, Catasauqua, Allan
town, Bethlehem, Easton, Philadelphia, Balti
more and Washington.
K0BEHT II. SAYHE,
June 30, 1872. Supt. and Engineer.
pmL.AUKL,lIIIA uhieu7r.
WINTEH TIME TABLE.
On snd after SUNDAY. NOV. 2d, 1873. Trains
on the Phlla. 4 Erie Railroad Division will run as
follows
westwasd.
Bcrmo Expbsss leaves Philadelphia, 12J15 p.m.
" " " Harrliburg . 6.05 p.m.
" " Wllllamsport 0.10 p.tu.
" " 44 Empurlum 1.45 a.m.
" " arrive at lluffalo . 0 00 a. 111
EatI MlAL leaves Philadelphia . . . 10.20 n.m.
' Harrlsburg . . . 3.05 a.m.
" ' - Wllllamsport . 7415 a.m.
' Lock Haven . . 8.50 a.m.
' ' " Itenova , . 10 15 a.m.
" " srrivestErle . . . 7.40 p.m.
Elmiea Mail leaves Philadelphia . . 8.00 a.m.
" " " Harrlsburg . 1;30 p.in.
' Wllllamsport . 0.20 p.m.
" " arrive at Lock Haven . 7.35 p.m.
IUnova Accom'n loaves llsrrlsburg 8.25 a.m.
" " ' Wllllamsport . 1.10 p.m.
41 " arrive at Renuva 3415 p.m.
IA5TWASD.
DcirALO Express leaves DulTalo , 2 30 p.m.
M Emporium , 8415 p.m.
" " " Wllllamsport . .m am.
" " arrive at Harrlsburg . 4.W a.m.
" " " Philadelphia . 9.10 s.lu.
Elmisa JIaiL leaves Erie . - . 0.15 a.m.
" " " Lock Haven . 830 p.m,
' Wllllamsport . .M p.m.
" " arr. at Harrlsburg . 25oa.m.
' arr at Philadelphia . . S.O0 a.m.
Elmira Mail leaves Lock Haven . 8.1 j a.m.
Wllllamsport . . 04 am.
" " arr. at Ilarrlsbnrg . 1 60 p.m.
" " srr. at Philadelphia . 6 60 p.m.
IIarkiidi'rq Accom'm leaves itenova . l.(si p.m.
" ' " WillUmsport. 330 p.m.
4 arr, at Harrlsburg 7.60 p.m.
11 arr at Philadelphia . 24M) a.m
Msll Essl connects east aud west at Erie with
L.H. li M.S. It. W. and at Corry and Irvluetou
with Oil Creek 4 Allegheny H. It. W.
Mall West with east west trains on L. 8. 4 M.
S. It. W. and at Corry and Ininetou with Oil
Creek 4 Allegheny ll.lt. W,
Elmira Mall aud Buffalo Express mske close
couuectlons at Wllllamsort with N. 0. 11. W,
trains north, and at Harrlsburg with N.,0.1l. W.
trains south.
WM. A. BALDWIN,
Nov. 22, 1873. Ot.v'i Bf rr.
J.fcVIO EUlIUItT'S
Livery & Sale Stables,
BANK KTKKKT.IiKIIiailTON, Pa.
I always keep on hand the best hor
ses and finest carriages, to bo let at
livery at the lowest prices. Conveyancs
can bo had of mu at the shortest pon
tile notice, at any hour. I would call
tho attention of tho public to my speci
al facilities for supplying slnglo or dou
ble teams for funerals, &c.
N0T.22, 173. DAVID EBBKKT.
Rev. Edsall Ferrier's Lecture
ON PKOXOUNS,
Delivered at tho Tenth Annual Sesilon
of the Carbon County Teachers' In
tltute, held at Mauch Chunk, Novem
ber 17, 18, 10, 20 and 21, 1873.
Gentlemen and Ladies of the Cad,
don County Institute :
There are at least two modes of Im
parting Interest to historical and gram
matical topics which aro regiirded as
llxod. Tho 0110 method Is a rude as
sault on our life-long, cherished notions
concerning them. It startles us and
awakens our deepest concern to have
old prepossessions all wiped away, and
old prejudices dissolved. Modern his
tory and recent criticism abound In this
rough breaking up of settled opinions,
and tills revolutionizing of views honor
ed by the sanction of generations, li
provokes a smile to think how that ap
ple, which William Tell shot from the
head of his son, has rolled out of history.
The story of that hatchet, with which
Washington hacked the cherry tree, Is
n fable. Since Farton has been Illumi
nating thb minds of tho public through
tho columns of tho New York Lodger,
that man upon whom we have been
looking fiom boyhood as reeking with
blood, stands up with n face of Injured
Innocence. I mean Aaron Burr. Those
heroes of the American devolution who
are giants In our Imagination, have fear
fully dwarfed since liancroft hits drawn
their portraits. One of our latest histo
rians represents Henry VIII. as a states
man aud a saint, In the disguise of a
man of the world ; while the very lat
est, Froude, with almost matchless skill,
touches tho character of the haughty
virgin-queen with beauties, and graces,
and virtues, of which she never dream
ed. Thus tho process" goes on, unset
tling old opinions, revolutionizing old
schemes, dissolving old systems as easily
as the tuullglit molts away1 the frost
work from our windows, until old llomor
entirely disappears, Shakespeare Is n
plngusrist, and One older than either lsa
roj th, and tho dear old story of the
Crucified One Is an lugtoious legend.
This method has become popular, be
cause we llkoto be startled. New ideas
antl now schemes are very attractive to
an active splilt. It matters little how,
If we are only aroused from our lethar
gy, It may be by u murder, tho invention
of a veritable Hying machine, or the
discovery of n new continent.
Tho otter and better method of kind
ling an Interest Is by showing the height
und depth of knowledge In some of the
commonest objects of dally life. It is a
i kind of revelation. He Is to bo envied
who has the power of taking off the
vail which conceals from us the real
glory of familiar things. .It Is the high
est art to mako old things new. It Is akin
to a creation. French lirst began .the
process of showing what mines of curi
ous kuowledgu may bo locked under
neath these common words which wo
use ten or twenty times a day. Under
the hills and valleys near this town,
over which generations have walked and
worked, perhaps lamenting the poverty
of the soil, are hidden untold treasures
of1 valuable Iron ore. It required the
Instinct of science to detect It. Afew years
since, 1 was ridlnr with a gentleman of
considerable scientific attainments over
a tract of land with which' I had been
familiar from boyhood. Ills quick eye
detected u small yellow thread of sand
or mud In the hillside. Hu was unusu
ally thoughtful during the remainder of
the ride, and seemed to bo examining
every thing very closely, but what was
my surprise on learning next day, that
ho purchased the whole track at a sum
which looked like the work of a mad
man. Yet his scientific eye had not de
ceived blm, for before ft year had passed,
a mine of rich magnetic Iron ore was
opened. Thus, underneath these old,
dusty, beaten paths, up and down which
wo aro walking every day congrega
tions, declensions, comparisons, adverbs,
prepositlonsand conjunctions right un
derneath our tired, tolling feet may be
treasures of curious knowledge well
worth our working. Happy ho who
holds the divining rod of discovery. I
wish we hsd some such contrivance as
the well-diggers here have. When wo
were searching for a suitable place over
nt tho collego to dig a well, and specu
lating on tho probabilities of getting
water, I observed a thoughtful old man
carrying about a small twic cut from a
peach tree, II 0 maintained, that where
there was a good vein of water, It mat
tered not how deep down, the peach
twig would Incline to It by a familiar
dip of recognition. How wlso would
we become had we some such detective
of the coi.ctaled mines of knowledge.
We have It, It Is the spirit of search ;
it Is the ardent love of truth. He who
Is thirsting tor the waters will bo divine
ly guided to the fountain. "Seek and
ye shall find."
Oh Inviting your attention this even
ing to so common a subject as Pronoun,
already, lu my remarks, I have been
Impressed with tho Importance of some
attention to them. A lew moments ago,
I used the expression " Happy he who
holds the divining rod." lu using he, It
was not my purpose by any means to
exclude from this blessing the larger aud
more Interesting part of this audience.
The fact of it is, we waut u now pro
noun to meet this exigency of Isnguuge,
It Is awkward Its spoils (be sentence
to say " he or ahe," or " heiself orhlm-
self." We need a pronoun sufUcleiitly
comprehensive to Include both sexes.
I How badly the minister In the uulnlt
needs It In hurling his threats and
scattering his blessings, Full one-halt
of the congregation feel not the forco of
tho one, nor the benediction or tho other.
It Is all "blessed Is ho" and "cursed Is
lie." It Is a real want, and tho ono
who can suggest a word to meet thU
caso will bo a benefactor to all pub
lic speakers. Specially when tho doc
trine of the out and out equality of the
sexes Is In a fair way to triumph, it Is
wrong, through n little defect of langu
age, to put a sleight perhaps on the best
and most Intelligent part of every au
dtenco. But pronouns are a'so a neglected
part of speech. In tho theories of lan-
ftuge, sometimes one and then another
ms been claimed as the original part of
speech. One prefers tho case of the in
terjection and another of tho noun one
of the verb and another of the artlclo ;
but the pronoun, as far as we know, has
never had au advocato for this placo of
prominence The tenacity with which
it holds Its place in language Is wonder
ful, As to proportions, small and in
significant, why has It uot long since
been crowded out of the language. So
far from this, it has asserted. Its rights,
and maintained Its position with pecu
liar strength and courage. Tho obvious
reason is, the pronoun Is the represen
tative of our personality. We are slow
to part with any thing which has a
strong hold on our nature. Through
all the clmngesnf language, where the in
undation of French words camo upon
us after the battle of Hastings, or lu
that flood of Latlnlsms which Dr. John
son and his followers let loose upon our
tongue, the pronoun held Its place al
most unchanged. We have French
words ol art and fashion, Greek terms
of ncience, and Latin terms In all de
partments and In all the parts of speech,
but every pronoun is distinctly Saxon.
Wheu the victorious Norman, In tho
lltll century, imposed ou England the
yoke of Norman manners, aud laws,
nntl thousands of Norman words, It
never succeeded in fixing among tho
Saxons, even for a year, the use of tho
French pronoun. The verb, and the
adverb, mid Him Interjection might be
e'rench, but the Snxon pronoun was too
sacred and too thoroughly domesticated
to be surrendered oven or an hour.
Our common notion as to the utility of
the pronoun Is entirely inadequate. In
our conceptions, it is simply 11 conveni
ence. It Is n devico te prevent tho tire
some repetition of the leading word, It
never rises to the dignity ot the iibtiit
or the verb, yat Ibis Is not tho only use
of these small words. Scores of passages
might be quoted to show that they servo
the higher purpose of emphasis. What
intense personality tho pronoun gives to
those passages lu theeatly part of God's
Word. AVhen God wishes to Reveal
himself as the God of each separate
soul, or the Independent self-existent
Jehovah ; when Moses asks what name
should bo given wheu Inquiry should be
made as to his authority for the message,
the answer Is striking : " I am that I
am. Thus slialt thou say unto the chil
dren of Israel, I am hath sent mu uuto
you." No equivalent could make the
announcement so emphatic as the mode
of statement in refereuceto tho eternity
and power of Jesus Christ: "I am he
that liveth and was dead," Ac. In
Deuteronomy, God claims hlssupremacy
and his sovetlgnty In language that
makes us feel his power and his person
ality : "1, even I, am he, and there is
no God with me, I kill and I make
alive j I wound and I heal." And
without that pronoun how could the
prophet have thrown a sharper arrow
In the heart of the guilty David ; tho
very word must have so awakened the
sense, that It seems the blood would
curdle around tho heart In fear : "Thou
art the man." It Is like pointing tho
finger of condemnation in his very face.
In short, If these pronouns should be
taken from God's Word, It would be
quite a different revelation. These
simple words mako Ulm a personal,
listening, loving God. No God that Is
hid away In heartless laws, or prisoned
lu Pantheistic Ice, but the friendly God
of each separate soul now, as ot the
elders and prophets of Johnand James,
of Peter and Simon, of Mary Magdalen
and Jalrus' daughter. He is the God of
these houses, and streets, aud schools.
The Christian's God is a reality no
reality on earth so real.
now these pronouns. Individualize the
great thought of personal obligation,
I, and thou, and thee bring the thing
homo to each man, aud woman, and
child. With these ever-recurring words
shaming us and warning us, no man
can hide himself la the public. lie who
reads here caunot shirk the solemn call
made to each soul In any general gnod.
The work is for each. Kepeut is for
each. " Tltou shalt love the Lord thy
Gcd" Is for each. " Take up the cross
aud come after mo" is for each. " I
have a message from God for thee."
William Humbolt says : "These are
not tho mere substitutes of the names of
the persons for whom they stand, but
Involve the personality of tho speaker
and the persous spoken to, and the re
lation between thorn, I Is tho word
which man has In common with God,
tbo eternal, self-exlstlug I am. Thou
Is the word with which God and con
science speak to man, the word with
which man speaks and communes with
God and his neighbor. All other words
without these two would belong to
things. I and thou are Inseparable from
personality, and bestow personality on
whatever they are applied to. They are
the two primary .elements and conditions
of all speech, which implies a speaker
and a person spoken to ; and they are
Indispensable complements each of the
other, so that neither Ides could btvv
been called foith In limn without the
help of 1U mate." As lung ugu its 1700,
Sterne Indignantly asked tho question :
What can bo tho reason that the children
of Great Britain and It eland uniformly
say me for I ? It Is a fact somewhat
singular, that in splto of good example
and faithful instruction, in this combi
nation, the objective Is used Instead of
the nominative. Somo of us may re
peat tho old rulo : "Tho verb to he
must have the same case after It as tie
fore It." Yet the moment wo aro un
conscious of the grammatical proprieties
of language, out comes tho old form "It
Is me." Tho current can scarcely be
changed. It Is so general, that Alford
advocates a change, and those who uso
tho form should not be charged with the
violation of any law of language.
Though this law of sequence seems to be
mnlntalned with temerity by all the
grammarians, It Is singular how fre
quently we find Its violation In the old
authors. In Ilnmlet we find the line :
From tho flrst eorso till he that died to-day.
Iu tho Merchant of Venice :
AU debts uro cleaned nctwvon you and .
Though tho rhyme may furnish an ex
planation, we find tho following couplet
In tho Sonnets of Shakespeare :
Unless you would iltvina somo virtuous Ho,
And bang somo nralso upon deceased .
In tho Twelfth Nights, Mabrollo nsks :
Did you never sco tho pictures of i tlirco ?
And as a crowning illustration we quote
a couplet from a tombstoue In thechurch
yard at Hampshire very pathetic :
Him shall never como again to ivp.
llut wo shall surely ono day go to lie.
In tills connection, tlie attention Is
naturally directed to a form which has
perplexed the grammarians, the form
methought and inescems. It' will bo
observed, the form Is used only In pas
sages Implying a high emotional state.
It may be regarded as a practical form,
and yet requiring a grammatical expla
nation. It abouuds iu lyrical poetry
the condition of which. is the surrender
of the whole being to tho feeling. Me
thought occurs scores of times in such
poets as 2?yron, and Moore, 'and Shelley,
In Richard II. is this Hue :
Slo rather had my heart might feel your lo vo
In the Dream of Clarence, it Is used
seven times. It is a passage where the
speaker is relating his feelings whllo
drowning, and very appropriately, the
dramatist has put In his mouth a pro
noun more expressive of deep emotion :
Lord, Lonl.uiethought, what pain It was to
drown;
Methought I saw a thousand fearful wrecks,
Ten thousand men that llslicsunawcdupon.
O. then begun tho toiupost Ininy Bold,
Who paused, methought, the melancholy
flood,
With that grim ferryman, which pools
wrlto of
Unto tho kingdom of perpetual night.
If throughout this passage, we should
substltute"I thought" for "methought,"
, it would well nigh destroy the force and
ueauty of it. it would take .away that
charm of Intense personality which now
belongs to it. It would be Bo tame as
to bo unnatural. It would not be the
narrative of a man who had looked upon
i tlie secret tilings ot tlie deep and the
wonders that lie beyond tho "melancholy
flood." In analyzing the form "me
thought," all the grammarians resolvo
Into an .Impersonal verb, with me as au
objective " It thought me." Yet this
I Is an exceedingly awkward explanation,
j and at ithe.samo time contrary to the
real meaning. Theme Is not tho object
of the thought, but the subject thinking.
And In tho analyzls, the mo should bo
regarded as subject of the verb thought,
the objective form being used by poetic
. license and for rhetorical effect. The
I interesting question arises why this
tenacity of tho form mo 7 and why lu
tuesu several comuiuuuous, iiieoojecuvo
form holds Its place so firmly against
tho form I ? We answer, ms Is an older
and simpler pronominal form j I is a
mere relic. It lias been mutilated until
we have only a fragment. Me Is ex
pressive of more Inteuse personality ; so
to speak,;it Is more subjective. The
oldest lorm or tno pronoun as yet dis
covered among tho Iudo-Kuropeau
tongues Is maga. In process of time,
the in was lost, leaving us simply nga.
Ily well known laws regulating the
changes in vowels, this nga appears In
the Greek as ego. You will observe, g
Is the leading letter; but granges lu
sound from the hard guttural of the
German to the so(t sound of J In the
Kngllsh. Thus tho g finally disappeared
fiom the pronoun, leaving us only tho
Initial vowel e, passing by the law of
precession Into I. Thus It Is easily per
ceived that me is an older form, and
that I Is both derivative and a rello of
tho more complete form.
In some parts of the country we yet
hear the words ourn and yourn, aud
mora frequently the word hls'n. These
are now rogarded as localisms and collo
quialism, and out of place even in con
versation. The n In these words is un
doubtedly n fragment of the word own,
Ourn Is our own, yourn is your own
and hlzzen Is his own. And there Is a
littlo Uerkshlre song where tho n Is ap
pended to the pronoun she
Ilut't'other youngmalilcu looked sly at mo,
And from her seat she rlsln
Lot's you tmd I go our utrii wuy,
Ami we'll let the go shesii.
We have time to turn the attention to
but one other peculiarity of tho pronoun,
the use ot thou and you. The history
ot these words Is slngujarly Interesting.
In the dramatic writers of the age of
Elizabeth, they are used with great sig
nificance, ami the transition from ouo to
the other iu the same passage, made to
express the emotion of respect and con
tempt of affection, or serious admoni
tion and reproach. In the 1st part otj
uing uenry, in snaxespoare, mark' now
iioispur pii.s-es iioui Hum to you, in his
' mldte tJ b ivtle ' jo I-, a-vtt
husband in terms of kindness, or as en
forcing a serious charge :
Como, wilt thou seo me rldu?
And when I tun u' horse-back, I will swear,
I lovoMce Infinitely.
Now nolo tho chango to you, as ho
passes to the serious senttment
Hut hark iixi, Kate;
I must not lmvujnii henceforth qnestlonmo;
Tills evening must I Icuvo yon, gcntlo Kato.
I knowpoH wises but yet no further wise
Than Harry Percys wifo; constant yon are,
Hut yet a woman ; and for secrecy
No lady closer.
Then as tho affection for his wifo re
turns, ho changes back to thou
For I will ucliovo
Thou will not utter what tliott dost not
know i
And so far will I trust thee, gcntlo Kate.
The same change tsuntlcable In a pas
sage froiii the Merchant of Venice
where Bassanto Is engaged In cold con
versation with Gratlano, the pronoun
you Is used ; but tho moment Bassanlo
tlraws nearer and assumes tlie character
of a friendly lecturer, a chango Is mado
to thou
(Ira I have it suit forou.
llass. You lmvo obtained it.
Urn. You must not deny mo; I must go
with you to liclmont.
Ilass Why twin you must, llut hear thee,
Gratlano:
Thou art too wild, too rudo and bold of
volco.
Yet the same word thou, when used
towards 6trangers, who wcro not Infer
ior, was looked upon as an Insult. You
was the pronoun of respect. When Sir
Andrew Aquccheek Is about writing a
challenge, some one tells him in refer
en:eto his antagonist: "If thou thouest
him sometimes, it shall not be amiss."
In Measure for Measure when the Duko
passes from Ironical politeness to open
contempt, ho changes you for thou :
Sir, by your leave,
Hast thou or word, or wit, or impudence,
That now can do thee ofllco ?
At tho trial of Sir Walter Kaleigh,
Coke, when argument nnd evidence
failed him, Insulted tho defendant by
applying to him tho term thou. Ho
cried : "Att that Lord Cobliam did was
at thy Instigation, thou viper I for I
thou thee, thou traitor." Many other
passages might bo cited to Illustrate this
peculiar use of tho words, but It will
suffice that tho attention has been turn
ed to It. rlt the present time, thou and
thee aro yet retained by the Quakers
with them, you Is to lloman, to cold,
too distant, whllo thou and thee aro
badges of respect and affection. And
with ourselves tho thou Is retained as
the word of majesty In addressing God.
"Thou art God, and there Is noub bo
side thee." It would fall on the ear
like blasphemy to have ono reverently
look up to Almighty God and say; ",You
aie God, aud there Is nono beside you."
Thus, on this familiar and Interesting
subject, we have not much more tuan ,
thrown out some hints. Much might
be said on tho history, formation and
changes of he, them, her and specially
of its. Yet we have said enough to 11
lustrato the remark, that we need not
want for materials of study. They are
thrown around us lu the most bountiful
profusion. There are riches in our,
commonest words nnd idioms of speech.
We need no costly appliances, no labo
ratory aud apparatus for these results ;
results just as vatuiblo and. full of in
terest as those won by tlie more Impos
ing processes of tho chemist aud tho as
tronomer. We are satisfied with merely
throwing out a few hints on an occasion
lifco the present, because such sugges
tions aro botnetlmes more fruitful than
the presentation of solid, palpable re
sults. This I regard one of the great
benefits to be derived from such educa
tional conventions. Wo not only gather
something new, some fresli thought,
somo new method of presenting a sub
ject, but we get a new Impulse in our
work. We prize any thing that lifts us
up out of the drudgery and sonds us to
work, not as lifting like a slavo a dead
weight, but with n spiing and elasticity
that makes our work a Joy and a help
to us. Those aro not the best books
and the best speeches which put us In
tho readiest possession of hard facts,
but those do us the greatest good which
quicken and stir our mental powers.
Prof. Lowlll, In making a kind ot npolo
for tlie obscenity ot Emerson, says : "It
is wholesome to angle In these profound
pools, though one be rewarded with
nothing moro than the leap of a fish
that flashes his freckled side in tho sun,
and as suddenly absconds In the dank
and dreamy waters again. There is
keen excitement, though tlicro be uo
ponderable acquisition. If we carry
nothlug home In our baskets, there Is
ample gain In dilated lungs and stimu
lated blood." Thus, if wo can go back
to our appointed work from these scenes
with wider views nnd larger purpose
and higher determination to do what we
can for God aud our fellow being, wo
shall bo largely rewarded. Wo need
such help as wo And here to rise out of
that narrowness to which a routine Is
ever leading us. Recurring drudgeries
are apt to deaden our enthusiasm ; mon
otony sings its drowsy tone ; wo becomo
slaves in the routine of professional
tasks. We think commonplace efforts
wilt do for commouplaco business, and
we need not stretch our powers beypod
tho wonted mood of u dull recitation.
With this spirit, what a poor pursuit It
Is. We are but sluggish grinders lu tho
mill of repetitlou. We must open our
eyes to tlie greatness and glory ot this
process of education ; we work too In
cessantly at one part of the belug. Man
Is not simply body and Intellect ; tho
whole complex being Is to bo tral nod
character Is to be. formed. It is a here
sy that needs to bo driven forever from
tho school-room, that a good heart' Is
not worth just as itiucliasasouun niiml
Id God's scales I ho hca.it outwent ire