ten intently he would be able to hear
any suspicious noises distinctly, and
decide upon their cause ; then as he
must know his own house better than
a robber, be is the best off the two in
the dark ; and when, having armed
himself, he has quietly opened his
door lie may wait and listen until the
robbers are heard moving about,
when he may take such steps as may
seem necessary. If every person
were to plan what was to be done in
case of robbers entering his house,
and then were to carry out this if
the occasion required it, burglary
would be too dangerous and unsuc
cessful a proceeding to be popular or
profitable, and thus might be given
up for a more honest moans of ob
taining a livelihood; so that really
we may consider ourselves to have
done the community at large a bene
fit When we capture one of these gen
- try ; whilst those who allow their
houses to be robbed with impunity
jeopard their neighbors' property."
,a6itaibito
NRIIII PEROCILLTIO PRINCIPLES GEAER TO LIAR, WI mess
TO poixow."
WM. X, BRESLIN, Editor and Proprietor
LEBANON, PA.
WEDNESDAY, MAY 31, 1865
PRESTDENT JOHNSON has,doclin
od tbo gift of a span of horses, har
ness and a coach, tendered by a num
ber of prominent merchants of New
York. <He holds to the opinion that
it is not proper for public officers to
receive such presents.
Tho grand jury at Washing
ton have found a bill of indictment
for treason against Jefferson Davis,
who will shortly be conveyed to Wash
ington for trial on that charge. It
was reported in Richmond on Wed.
Desdny that*General Lee would also
be placed under arrest.
stir. NEGRO SUFFRAGE AND STATE
RlGHTS.—President Johnson, in an
address to a delegation, on Thurs
day, said that he was in favor of leav
ing the question of negro suffrage, to
the decision of the loyal white resi
dents of the South. That's fast
where the Constitution leaves the
question of the right of suffrage alto
gether—with the States.
A BETTER STATE OF FEELING.—A
change for the bettor in a social point
of view, says the Lancaster intelligen
cer, iM rapidly taking place in the corn-
;t 11 . .• C' the termination of the
nounoes his or her Democratic neigh.
bore as '‘copperheads" and "traitors,"
but these cases only form exceptions
to tho general rule, and are scarcely
worth noticing. The groat mass of
the Republican or Abolition party
appear to have grown ashamed of
their own Conduct in this 'particular
during tho last four years, and are
now disposed to treat their Democrat
ic neighbors as men.
4 As it is very likely that Secre
tary Stanton will be obliged to leave
the War Office before long, on ac
count of his want of harmony with
the , President, and his geneyal un
popularity, it is strongly recommend
ed that Governor A. G-. Curtin, of
this State, be appointed to the -posi
tion. There is no man in the oppo
sition ranks who would give such gen
eral satisfaction to the Democracy.
Off" MR. VALLANDKIRAM'S LETTER.
—We ask every' man into whose
bands this paper shall fall, to give
the letter of Hon. C. L. Vallanclig
hard a careful perusal. In, the whole
of it, there is not a sentiment to of
fend any one. It is able and full of
instruction.
SOCIAL ECICALITY."-LIIA Novem
ber, Philadelphia gave 12,000 Aboli
tion majority, and yet refuses to al
low negroes to ride in the street cars !
The latter force themselves in, and
the white folks kick them out. Such
being the case, what may we look
for, when the clarkies claim their
"rights" to the ballot-box and the
jury-box ? •
bar It is said that in the review
laSt week, General Sherman was re
ceived the most enthusiastically by
the soldiers and the people, of any
General present.
* The radical Republicans have
bought Bennett of the New York
_Herald, but Greeley of the Tribune,
will not pull in the same traoes with
him, They will most likely lose the
latter, which malres thein mad. Be.
tween Greeley and Bennett, we
should infinitely prefer the former to
be on our side.
Ateir The grand review took place
at Washington last Tuesday and
Wednesday. An immense concourse
of people was present to witness the
display. Between 50 and 60 regi
ments of Pennsylvania troops partiCi
pated. The 93d was not ananng the
ntunber, it being still at ,Danville,
North Carolina,
HARD TO PLEASE.—The Republi
cans arc hard to please—in fact they
arc unreasonable. During the ad
ministration of President Lincoln
they adopted the notion that -the
Democracy should not only support
the government, but that they also
should support the a dministration in
all its acts, even to the voting for its
nominees from constable up toPresi
dent. The refusal to do so produced
mobs, destruction of property, perso
nal violence, in fact coercion of every
kind to accomplish that end.
Now, since Andrew Johnson is
President, whom, the Democrats do
not wish to condemn untried and un
heard, many of the Republicans are
ready to use the same means to pre
vent the Democracy from supportiug
his administration as they applied
under his predecessor to compel that
support. Some of their papers are
afraid that we intend to take posses
sion of the new President and "Ty
lerize" his administration, and devote
whole columns of valuable space to
warning Mr. Johnson of his danger
from these terrible copperheads, and
are even illiberal enough to charge
upon the Democracy the evil things
they themselves said against Mr.
Johnson heretofore. Others again
of the same party, and Who helped
to elect him, stand by idly, and are
either silent, or "damning him with
faint Praise." Hence, the Democra
cy would have a hard time of it if
they attempted to please all these
conflicting elements of the opposition,
in fact such an attempt would most
likely result in the failure to please
any. Therefore, the Demgeracy will
support the administration of Pesi
dent Johnson in all his Constitutional
efforts to restore the country to peace
and prosperity ; and if he should find
that support more valuable than the
conflicting, disjointed, unreasonable
and sinister support of those who
elected him, CAN WE HELP THAT ?
war Nearly 150,000 veteran sol
diers were in the grand review at
Washington last week. No colored
troops were engaged in it.
war President Johnson has revoked
all former regulations in regard to
the taking of oaths, and prescribed
the following :
"1,- '
do solemnly swear, in
presence of Almighty God, that I will
heneforth faithfully support, protect
and defend the CONSTITUTION OF THE
UNITED STATES and all laws made in
pursuance thereto."
This is just what might' have been
expected from Johnson. Any true
American ean take this oath, and any
one refusing it may truly be set down
• • • •p• 1 len irng w•ic •
required the taker to support "all the
PROCLAMATIONS which had been or
might hereafter be issued," it would
have been much better for men and
men's souls.
(ktr The Now York Tribune says
that there is not a cow in the State
which our Government has less rea
son to regard with apprehension and
alarm, than . it has some of the old
men banished from the country by
the - Stantonian system of "military
necessity."
seg... The War Department an
nounces that General Canby, at Now
Orleans, on Friday last, concluded an
arrangement with the commissioners
of Kirby Smith for a surrender of all
the remaining forces of the Confeder
tidy in the trans-Mississippi Depart
ment. They were received on the
same terms as were accorded to Lee
and , Johnston. Smith's forces are
said to be quite formidable, propa
bly 80,000, and arc well supplied with
provisions and munitions of war.—
Thus the last armed foe disappearcs,
and soon peace will smile all over our
country. •
uel„. A Washington dispatch states
that Charles O'Connor, Esq., a promi
nent States Rights Democrat of New
York City has been offered the Attor
ney Generalship of the United States.
This might be true as up to 1861, no
stronger States Rights Democrat
than Andrew Johnsen lived in the
United, States.
The Cabinet Difficulty.
[Correspondence of the Neiv 'fork News.]
WASHINGTON, May 22, 1865
It is now definitely known that the
difficulty at the Cabinet meeting on
Friday between Secretary Stanton
and President Johnson had its origin
in the attempt to engraft negro suf
frage on the Southern States. Presi
dent Johnson, new to the Presiden
tial office, expressed a dissent to the
doctrine in a manner that led Mr.
Stanton to believe he could coerce or
frighten him into it. In this he was
mistaken. His loud voice and threat
enin* attitude brought out the sleep
ing lion of Johnson's nature, and the
scene which ensued, until the Secre
tary found that he had mistaken his
man,.was terrible. At that meeting,
and in that scene, President Johnson
gave evidence that abolitionism had
but little of his sympathy ' . and that,
as President of the United States, he
had a duty to perform in serving the
Union, not in erecting ope to suit the
utopian views of men who would set
aside all the principles of the fathers
of the republic in order to mould one
to suit their own selfish and sinister
view%
.The New York Herald has
proposed a scheme to pay off the Na
tional debt, which is estimated at
three thousand millions of dollars.—
The plan is to divide the debt into
one hundred and fifty thousand
shares of twenty thousand dollars
each, these shares to be taken up by
our wealthy men. C. Vanderbilt has
already subscribed 25 shares, condi
tionally that the whole amount be
subscribed, and several other gentle
men have taken 7 shares more. The
plan is to pay the whole debt' in this
way by the Ist of January, next.—
Then Congress is to abolish all taxa
tion, and place the country in the
financial condition it occupied five
years ago. There are enough rich
men in the country to do this. It,
would be to the saving of hundred of
millions to the tax-payers, as it
would relieve them of the present
cumbersome system of collecting reve
nue, which not only fees tens of thou
sands of Assessors and Collectors,
but pries into the private affairs of
every individual. We - approve of
this plan, and are willing, that if the
rich men cannot raise the money, to
give the poor alsO a chance, being rea
dy and willing, for our part, to give
one-tenth of every cent we own in
the world toward so patriotic an ob.
feet as freeing the nation of its debt.
The debt has got to be paid, and, the
sooner we get rid of it the better for
' us and our children.
ga.. General C. P. Stone, the com
mander at Ball's Bluff, imprisoned by
Stanton on a suspicion of treason,
now lies a maniac in an asylum.—
Mr. Lincoln was opposed to the ar•
rest, but Stanton was hard and posi
tive, and carried the day.
tbr An order of the War Depart
ment directs the release of all persons
imprisoned by sentence of military
tribunals during the war.
THE SON OF HORACE GREELEY. - It
is doubtless not known to a majority
of readers, that Mr. Greeley has a
son aged twenty-two in the Federal
army. He is stopping in New Or
leans a few days on his way to his
regiment, the 14th New York caval.
ry, in which he is First Lieutenant,
which is stationed at present in Mor
ganzia„ in Louisiana. From a re
mark that the young gentleman was
at pains to make when his lineage
was alluded to, that he belonged to
the 14th New York cavalry himself,
not to any d—d nigger regiment, it
would appear, to say the least of it,
that the teaching of his distinguished
father had been expended on him to
no purpose.
SAD CALAMITY—SEVEN CHILDREN
BURNED TO DEATIL—CARLISLE, May
and the youngest ti months were
burned to death. The parents, were
also severely burned. The firs was
accidental
O A gentleman traveling a few
days since on the Eastern Shore of
Maryland stopped at a hotel in a
small town, where he found thirty
six farmers from Northern States,
who were there to buy farms. As
high as eighty dollars an acre are
paid for lands in Maryland.
us_ It is reported that General
Wright's 6th corps will march north
from Danville, Virginia, as soon as
order is restored in that neighbor
hood. General Wright has appointed
a number of local magistrates and is
endeavoring to restore the civil
authority.
otr A few days since, a Canadian
gentleman who is am ardent annexa
tionist, exclaimed on receiving the
news of the surrender of Lee's army,
"Now, then, Canada, will be annexed
to the United States and share in the
new glories of the 'regenerated and
disenthralled republic.' A refugee
rebel officer standing by replied—"Go
slow, my friend, it's very easy to get
into the Union, but it's hell to get
out."
• Ot - A. delegation of Methodist
preachers called upon President
Johnson on the 19tli , headed by
Bishop Simpson, who fired some more
speeches at him. It is a slow but
sure means of assassinating a man.
Jeff Davis and family,
Alexander
H. Stephens, C. C. Clay, Col. Reagan,
Gen. Wheeler, and sixteen others,
are confined in easemates at Fortress
Monroe.
Gen. Schofield has issued an order
in regard to the negroes of North
Carolina. He tells them that in or
der to secure their freedom they must
work to support themselves.
The Supreme Court of Pennsylva
nia bas decided that legal tender
notes are constitutional, and that a
ground rent can be paid off with them.
The rebel ram Stonewall has been
unconditionally surrendered to the
Spanish Government.
tar The Army of Tennessee will
be kept up to its full number. It
will be sent to the trans-Mississippi
Department.
Mar General Sherman's official re
port will soon be published. It was
written after the issue of Stanton's
manifesto and consequently quite
racy. He explains fully his arrange
ment with Johnston.
"The Massachusetts Senate
has passed a law imposing $5O fine
for making discrimination on account
of color in any inn, place of amuse
ment, public conveyance, or public
meeting,"
If a gentleman lodging at an inn
declines receiving a "colored person"
in his bed, will ho be be fined on an
count of "discrimination in oolorr"----
_Doylestown Democrat,
Johny Akens, residing near
Eldorado, Blair county, and who is
only 4 feet 4 inches high, weighs but
126 pounds, and has been married
only nine years, is the father of eleven
children—eight of the eleven being
twins.
iteir President Johnson has remov
ed his business office from the Treas
ury Department to the Executive
Mansion, which, for the first time
since President Lincoln's death, was
on Thursday thrown open to visitors.
liar The Pennsylvania Railroad
Company give notice that on and af
ter June Ist they will not receive for
freight or passage any other than
United Statesor Nationalßank notes.
CP:r Judge Davis, of the United
States Supreme Court in Illinois, has
been appointed administrator of the
estate of the late Abraham Lincoln.
lier It is expected that the mann
facture of the Atlantic telegraph ca
ble will be completed, and onboard
the Great Eastern,.by the.end of May.
Governor Curtin will fill up
tee vacancies by promotion in Penn
sylvania troops before they are mus
tered out.
Gen. Banks compels all the passen
ger cars in. New Orleans to carry
negrQes.
LETTER FROM N& VALLANDIGHAMI
To the "Young Meft!s, Democratic As
sociation," of Lancaster, Pa.
Elincrtzwksr :—From year President and Sec
retaries, ne also from individual members, I
have, within the past Three months, received re
peated cordial invitations to address your
Association. While a compliance in person
would be most agreeable to me, 'I do not believe
that either time or cireamstance is auspicious
just now for active political agitation. But I
avail myself of your kind request, to present,
very respectfully, in writing, a few thoughts up
on the present position and duty of the Demo
cratic party. At best:they. can be but conjec
ture in part, and in part suggestion ; for he
would be a bold man, and ought to be omnis
cient of as well the future as the present, who
should attempt to lay down, in these times.
when the scenes change with the diversity, sud
denness and marvelous contrariety, of theatric
representation, a fixed rule of policy upon any
public question. Yet with this qualification,
and speaking for myself only, I shall address
you with becoming freedom and candor. Ido
not, indeed, conceal from myself, the apprehen
sion that we are rather at the beginning than at
the end of a great revolution, and that free in
stitutions in America are to-day far more upon
trial than at any period during the past four
years. If, indeed, the agencies of force were at
once to give place to the arts of: peace, and pla-.
cid liberty regulated by law, sub pin rege, to
succeed the sword, the melancholy forebodings
of the more thoughtful among us might yet prove
to be the vain fears of men whom much learning '
in history and an enlarged study of human na
tare have made timid. I surrender myself will-
ingly, however, for the present to the cheering
illusion of those who believe that miraculous
power will again interpose, and a great calm, at
the word of command, follow the tempestous rag
ing of the sea.
The Democratic organization will, of course,
be maintained. Surviving every change of par.
ty and policy from near the beginning of the
government to this day; often triumphant,
sometimes defeated, never conquered ; always
adhering, as a national organization, to the es
eential principles of its founders, but adapting,
its policies, so far as these principles admitted,
to the changing circumstances of the country
enduring even through the great dangers and
the mistakes of the past four years, and at the
end, numbering one million eight hundred
thousand voters in the Mates which adhered to
the Union—a numberierger within the same
States, than at any previous election—it needs
now only re-organization and discipline to make
sowed, so long as it sha.. A - iv° vitality enough
to hold together.. The masses of the party will
never agree to the surrender, whatever "the
leaders," so called, might attempt.
The fundamental principles of the Demi:fere t
io party, of course also, must remain unchanged
so long , as our Federal system, or even any form
of democratic-republican government, Shall sue
vive ; and especially its true State-Right Doo
trine—not Nullification, not Secession, but the
theory of our syStem laid down in the Virginia
and Kentucky Resolutions of 1798, as interpre.
'-ted by their authors; the one by Madison in his
Report in 1799, and the other by Jefferson in his
solemn official Inaugural of 1801. Thus inter
preted they were, and, I doubt not, still are the
constitutional doctrines of the new President.—
So long as these constitute the accepted theory
and the practice under qur system, there can be
no consolidated government, either Republican
or Monarchy, in the States which now make up
the American Union. .The other general princi
ples of the Democratic party are but variations
or amplificationirof the maxims, "the greatest
good to the greatest number," ‘!the interest of
the masses," "the rights of the many against the
exactions of the. few"—axioms which, though
the demagogue may misuse or abuse thous, lie,
nevertheless, at the foundation of ail democrati
cal government.
But true as all this is, it would be the extreme
of folly not to comprehend and recognize that as
to men and policies, the events of the past four
years, and especially of-the last five weeks, have
wrought a radical change. Old things have
passed away; all things become new. New
books, as Mr. Webster said upon an - occasion of
far less significance, are now to be opened. A
new epoch in the American era has been reach
ed ; and be who cannot now realize, or is not
willing to accept this great fact, would do well
to retire to his closet and confine himself to
funebrial meditations over the history of the
dead past or airy speculations upon the impossi
ble future. He may become an instructor, but
is not fit to be an actor in the stirring scenes
which are before us. The time will, indeed,
come, and may not be far distant, when it will
be justifiable and may be necessary to inquire
into the causes of the civil war just now appa
rently at an end, and to institute a scrutiny into
the measure of guilt of those who are responsi
ble for it, as well North as South ; and it is for
tunate that we have & President who, upon neith
er side, is among its authors—unlesti, indeed, his
support of General Breckenridge for the Presi
dency in 1860 be reckoned up against bim. In
-all else„at-lesistosbatesieronaY have been • his po
sition during the Ohba tebe his course now"
he is guiltless. Upon the other hand, by our po
litical foes, the line of conduit - of those who op•
posed war, demanded conciliation and insisted
that the path of peace. Was the shortest, easiest,
cheapest road to the Union, and of those who,
marching in the same direction, but along the
rugged and bloody highway of war, denounced
only the policies of the late administration, will
be called in question. For myself I am ready
to answer, and by the record to be adjudged. If
I erred, it was in the glorious company of the
patriot founders of our peculiar system of gov
ernment. And now, accepting the new order of
things, I yet enter upon no defence for adhering
to the last moment to the policies of those great
men, adopted and sanctioned as these policies
were, by the second generation of American
statesmen. So far from it, I Would conform
yet, as far as possible, to their teachings and
practice. We may not, indeed, be ready to fol
low the enthusiast who bad rather err with Plato
than be right with other men ; yet neither are
we far enough corrupted, I trust, to be obliged
to apologize for accepting Washington, Jefferson,
Sherman, Hamilton, 'Webster, Clay, and Jack
son, as exemplars worthy of study and imita
tion. But they were wise in their day and gen
. eratiofi. Let us be wise in ours. Whether
theirs was not the erne. wisdom for us also in
the long run, remains to be seen ; for the cod is
not yet. And be that as it may, for any man to
have erred as to the advent, progress, duration
or final issue of a civil war which has mocked,
so far, the prescience of the wisest statesmen of
as well the Old World as the New, is no dispar
agement of any judgment or intellect less than
divine. In any event, I beg that it be announc
ed that upon all questions of vaticination up.to
this point, I am "paired off" with the Secretary
of State, Mr. Seward. But as to the present and
future, and the new and stupendous questions
which every day will now he developed, a public
man's position must be determined, not by his
mistakes where all have erred, but by his capaci
ty, his integrity and his patriotism. The day
has passed when the party ppithata upon either
side, which were ivithoptestificelioe, almost
without excuse, even amid tie rancor of a civil '
war and the beat of partisan discussion, ought '
any longer to be tolerated. No man in the
Democratic party in the North or West, of re
sponsible or recognized position, was for dis
union or separation for its own sake. But if
any such there was, false to the government of
the Union, he was false also to the Southern
Confederacy ; else his plan would have been in
the ranks of her armies. Some, indeed, not
many, of the ablest and most sincere and honest
among us—men who, to-day, changing their
opinions, are the worthiest of trust, and I speak
strongly as one not of their conviction—believ
ed that only through temporary recognition of
Southern independence, could the Federal Union
be restored. Such, too, had been the declara
tions before and in the beginning of the war, of
many distinguished men in the Republican par
ty, some of them still high in position, express.
ed in language the most emphatic, going even
to the eaten tof permanent separation. The rec
ord of these declarations remains ; but to quote
them, or to name the authors, is needless. The
argument stands sufficient of itself.
It is not that the Democratic party opposed
either the civil war or the peculiar policies upon
which it was conducted, that is to exclude them
from the confidence of the people. Scarce
prominent man in the Republican ranks, unless
of Democratic antecedents, from the late Presi
dent down, but opposed—many of them with un
measured bitterness and violence—the prosecu
tion of the foreign Mexican. war. Devoted
wholly to the Union, the old Union, in any
event, the men of the Democratic party judged
of the war and of its policies solely by that
standard, and upheld or opposed them accord
ingly. The party_-and I refer to the question
because it has been made the subject of recent
newspaper comment—will, indeed, certainly not
follow the."Ohicago Platform" of 1864 as a po
litical text book now, any more than the Repub
lican party, or its heirs or assigns, will adopt
the "Chicago Platform" of 1860, for the same
purpose in the future; uot that the former was
not the very best practicable at the period and
for the occasion which brought it forth; but bo
nen, dealing in a time of war, almost wholly
With questions of policy, not principle, it would,
in time of peace, be quite as inappropriate as the
code of Justinian or the journals of the Conti
nental Congress. All that need now be asked
of our political foes Is, that'it be quoted .correct
ly ; the More especially, since, through tbe work
of a committee made up of some of the ablest
and truest men in the Convention, and adopted
by that body unanimously amid the rapturous
applause of two hundred thousand freemen pres
ent or at hand, it survived but eight days—dy
ing of circumcision. But there is one crown of
glory, at least, during the terrible trials of the
last four years, richest among the treasures of
the Democratic party, which cannot be takes
away. If it shall so happen that to the Repub
lican party is .due the honor of maintaining the
Union, to the Democracy. the country is indebt
ed for the preservation of whatever remains of
that other and even dearer birthright of Ameri
cans—Constitutional Liberty and private right.
But laying all these questions aside for the
present, I trust that all men who, in the old HO
man phrase, feel alike concerning the Republic
now, may be soon brought to act together. He
who cannot at this moment, fot a season. at
least; forget his private griefs, or lay aside his
prejudices against men and parties, for the sake
of his country in an hour of trial which 'demands
all the wisdom of the wise andthe utmost firm.
ness of the stoutest-hearted among us, is too
muck oftLyrartizen to be anything oftt patriot.
Fortunately among politicians the labor is usual
ly not difficult. If the melancholy reflection of
Cicero, in his later years were well considered
and just, that true friendships are most rarely
, found among those WEci , concern themselvea in
public affairs, itia quite, certain also that per
durable enmities are, equally rare with the M—
. it is the motive, net the new association,
which marks the change of party habitudes, as
patriotic or corrupt. It. Was not the mere fact
that Fes and Burke united in coalition with
Lord North; that made them all odieus to the
British people, but because the purpose and cir
cumstances of the coalition were unpopular and
notjust. Here and novutbe war having accom
plished all that, the sober and rational among its
advocates ever claimed -for it,—the breaking
down of the chief military power of the Confed
erate Government—We have reached the point
where all that class among its supporters, of
whatever party, must new unite with the friends
of peace and conciliation, in exhausting all the
arts of statesmanship, to the end theta speedy
and perfect pacification, and with it, a real and
cordial re-union, may be secured. The ques
tions which belong toe state of war are; in their
very nature and from necessity, totally distinct
from those which arise upon • a cessation of hos
t ilities., Men who have Ilittierto agreed on other
irides, wiltiliffer widely now, and new party as
sociations • must follow. The hereditary
• . c e rn t *Stiftticr
upon these questions On the record up to the
day when the Executive office, by tenon of a
horrible crime, was forced upon him. he himself
differed from thakpatty:only, or chiefly, as to
the fact and the,manner of prosecuting the war.
Not responsible for anything-done or omitted by
the late Adm in istration,Whereof the'Detnocracy
complained, now that the war is ended, he be
gins his chief magistracy without past difference
in principle or present separation as to policy.
In any event, he is intitled at the hands of the
Democratic party to a fair, candid and charita
ble consideration of the several measures which
ho shall propose ;. though most assuredly at the
same time; it will be the duty of that party to
render a strict, firm and fearless judgment upon
r.them; and to act anordingly as they shall be
found to merit support or to demand opposition.
It is indeed, already.t& be' lamented* that' al
though General Sherman may nos have had the
anthority'—and he claimed none for. Is imself, re
ferring all to the Executive—his plan of Pacifi
cation and Re-Union was not promptly confirm
ed by the President. It was concise, comprehen.
sive, complete; proving him not less wise and
great in the science of statesmanship, than grand
and triumphant in the arts 'of . war. And it
would have made peace, immediate and sincere
"peace from the,Potomae to the Rio Grande."—
This was his proud congratulatory boast to his
army at the end of the great struggle, and not of
any victory in the field. Defeating the armed
military haste of the Confederacy, his aim, at
the close, was to conquer the hearts of its people
also, and tope exalted this as the Hero of Peace
—the only true heroism in °bill war.
•
Upon the gnat question of RECONSTRUCTION,
as the Democratic - party is without power, so it
is without responsibility. It can but accept or
reject whatever measures may be proposed. If
the polity Which the President may recommend
shall appear, upon a calm and deliberate scrutiny
best adapted in general to seenre a speedy, com
plete, cordial and lasting pacification upon the
basis of the Federal Union of the States, it will,
in my judgment, be fit and just that the Democ
racy, waiving all minor points-of detail, lend to '
him a liberal, earnest and patriotic support in
'carrying it into execution. If, upon the other
hand, it be such es can but make 'that solitude
which conquerors call peace; or, worse if possi
ble, that peace which hangs like a black and
heavy pall, over Hungary; Ireland, Poland, then
it will be the duty of the Democratic party, with
determined-fineness and fearlessness, to ieter
pose such constitutional and legal opposition,
through the press and in public, assembly, as
'may be just and efficient, till either the ?nisi
dent shall be impelled to change both his Cabi
net and the measures to which they may have
advised him, or the people, peaceably through the '
ballot, shall be enabled to secure pacification
and Union by a change
,of Administration and
of policies. I say a change, in part or in whole,
of the Cabinet, in-advance of the election; be
cause, remembering the peculiar, eircumitenees
under which the office fellto the President, his
advisers, "the Min Wry," are rather to be held
responsible thee himself.
As to the hitherto vend question of Slavery,
allow me to say for myself, that from the very
first to the last, with consistency and persistence,
I opposed all agitation of the' subject; not for
the sake of the institution—l repeat it, not for.
the sake of the institution, but because I had
been taught by the Fathers to believe, and did
truly believe, that it could end only in civil
war and disunion,"temporary or eternal—Wroth
,er right or wrong, let the history of the lasi four
years decide. The price has now been weighed'
out and in part Paid- A heavy score; Yet rer
mains. But I will not essay to reckon op and
adjun the appalling accounts of debt ..and taxa
tion, of suffering, mime, and blood in the past
or yet to'Come. Again - I accept the facts, re.
joieed, indeed, if under the new order of things,
we and our children may enjoy the same meas
ure of private happiness and public prosperity
which was permitted to us and to our fathers un
der the Old Union, "part slave and part free."—
And now, if without slavery, reunion and a pa
cification real, sincere, and lasting, together with
welfare and security to .the people of all the
States, WM be made sure, let slavery utterly pfir
ish. Mut in no event, let the question stand
any longer in the way. I still would prefer the
Union, the Federal Union the Old Union—yea,
"the Union.as it was, under the Constitution as ,
it la"—to either slavery or the abolition of sla. ,
very. Fanatics at home, and envious, supplant-
ing statesmen abroad, may not be able or willing
to comprehend this conviction i ovary true and
liberal-minded American,patriot will.
The f° 4 / 1 014 t a l t e of lbeseoth—ber t•hl Infer " •
which a feint Morality propoullgealrorae ° than 'a
- 1
crime, was in ignorhig the great Anierican idea
of 02ga Ocurivax—not an impulse, note precept,
not a mere aspiration of national vanity, but a
commandment written by the finger of God up
on the rivers and mountains and the whole face
of the land, and graven thence upon the hearts
of the people. It was this, not anti-slavery,
which held the border slave States in the Union,
and stirred, for good or evil, the whole North
and West to such exertions of military, naval
and financial force, as never before were put
forth by any nation. And it was this grand and
pervading national sentiment, hedged by the
sanction of destiny, which, according to the
measure of my ability, I undertook to expound
and justify in the House of Representatives, in
1863, and by this line of argumentation to estab
lieh that the Union through peace was inevitable.
Nothing but the violence of an intense counter
passion, and the terrible pressure of civil war,
could have suppressed, even for a time, the pow
er of this sentiment among the people of the
South alsor Had their leaders forborne to do
mend separation and a distinct government, ad
hering to the old flag, and, within the Union
under the Constitution, firmly but justly, re
quired new guarantees for old rights believed
to be in peril, they might not, indeed, have bad
barren and deluding sympathy from subjects,
and false hopes of assistance from kings and em
perors in Europe, eager for the decline and fall
of the American Republic ; but they would have
been cheered by the cordial greetings and the
active support of finally an overwhelming ma
jority of the States and people of the West and
North. But when they established a permanent
distinct government and took up arms for inde
pendence, they marked out between them and us,
a high wall and deep ditch which no man,
North or West, could pass without the guilt and
the penalties of treason. They went beyond the
teachings of their own greatest Statesmen of the
past age; for Mr. Calhoun himself had declared
in 1831, that "the abuse of power, on part of the
agent of (the . Federal Government), to the injury
of one or more of the members (the States),
would not justify secession on their part; there
would he neither the right nor the pretext to
secede." No matter who was responsible origi
nally for that condition of things which led fi
nally to war, nor what the motives and character
of the war after its inception—and upon both
these piestions I entertain and have expressed
opinions as fixed es the solid rock—so far as,
the South fought for a separate government, she
stood wholly without sympathy or support in
the 'States which adhered to the Union. What
ever else may happen, her vision of independence
has now melted into air. - In the appeal to arms
maintained upon both sides for four years with
a courage and endurance grandly heroic—she
has failed; and though it had happened other
wise, still, in my deliberate conviction, her ex
periment of distinct government would have
failed also. But the sole question really decided
by the war, as by peace years before it had been
settled, was that two several governments could
not exist among the States of the American
Union. And here the whole controversy ought
to end; with or without slavery, I care not, so
it end here. If upon this point, the "Crittenden
Resolution" of July, 1861—proposed too, at the
same time, in the senate, by Andrew Johnson—
should be modified, let it in all else, both in
spirit and letter, be exactly carried out. But
whatever policy may now be decreed—and I
trust it will bee wise, a liberal, a healing policy,
it is the part of wisdom for the people of the
South - to acquiesce; returning wholly and cor
dially to the Union, thus making it once again
a Union of consent, a union of hearts and hands
as our fathers and their fathers made it at first.—
Then will the passions of the recent terrible
strife speedily be hushed. Already millions in
the North and West regard them as brethren
still, and in a little while these millions will be
come avast majority, of the people, and will see
to it that the solemn pledge be redeemed and
the Union restored "with all the dignity, equal
ity and rights of the several States unimpaired."
With slavery, the people of the South will pros-_
per within that Union, as before. Without sla
very, if in a wile andjudicious way, it shall be
abolished, they must, in less than a single gen
eration—except possibly as to two or three States
—becomelmore populoue,proeperous and powerful
than any other section. And though every
Southern State Government should be re-organ
ized—an act both impolitic and unnecessary—
yet in ten years, if our Federal system survive,
the whole people of every State will be restored
to all their rights within the State, and the
South hold, along with all her citizens, the same
positios of equality and inflect:lee which she held
fifty years ago. This is the lesson of history,
the law of human nature ; and no narrow, sup
pressing spirit of revenge or of bsgotry and sec
tionalism, in the forret of test oaths and teasing,
restraining, denying regulations w ithout' num
ber, can stay the inevitable result-:no, no t 'even
though it should succeed now in controlling the
civil and military power of the Federal Govern
tricks before high
As make the angels ween."
But to return ; as to the time and manner, as
well as the results of abolishing slavery, and
gravest of all, what shalt be done with the negro,
the power and responsibility are alike with the
Administration; and again it will be for the
Democratic party, guided by the light of its an:
cient principles and looking only to the publie
good, simply to accept or reject.
The question of the political and social status
of the negro, is essentially and totally distinct
from the issue of African servitude;
and any
man may have been or be yet radically anti-sla
very, without being a friend to negro suffrage and
equality. Party spirit or pressure,. indeed, his
driven many into support of the doctrine, con
trary to both impulse and conviction; but now
the issue is changed. Outside of Slavery, the
negro, where admitted to reside in a State, ought
to be the eqUal of every other man in all legal
rights and remedies, just as is the female or the
minor. But political rights end social usage
are questions which each State and community
or individual must be permitted alone to decide.
And four tunneler of Africans are not to become
the wards and pupils of the whole American peo
ple, nor the Federal Government a vast eleemo
synary institution made up of guardians and
trustees and professors and schoolmasters for the
negro population, Whatever party now, with
the pressure of anti-slavery and war removed,
undertakes the task, will fall before the popular
reaction. Not the people only, but a large ma
jority of the army and of its bravest and ablest
officers, and foremost among them the gentle
man whom I have already named with honor,
are determined in their hostility to the whole
doctrine of negto'suffrage and equality, and to
its natural and necessary but unclean corollary,
-miscegenation. And it is not a question of reli
glen or philanthropy, as slavery was assumed to
be ; but of pure polities. Women, minors and
aliens are alike excluded from political rights
upon grounds - of public policy; -and yet all are
of the human family—nay of our own race, and
more yet, are, many of them, our own mothers
and sisters and wives nod brothers. A far high
er and more impelling public policy, enforced
by the example of Mexico and other republics
and countries of mixed races not of one common
stock, and fifty fold more essential now if four
millions of African slaves are to be set free at
once among us, forbids political equality to the
negro, where we deny it to our own flesh and
blood and to those of our own households. Said
Mr.,Jefferson forty-four years ago, and after the
Mieso.uri Question :
"Nothing is more certainly writ ten lii the bo ok
of
fate,' tban that these people (negro slaves) are - to be
free ; nor is it less certain that' the two races, equally
free, cannot live in the same government. Nature,
habit, opinion have drawn indelible lines of distinc
tion between them."
And he advised gradual emancipation and de
portation. Herein lies both the difficulty and
the danger of dealing now with slavery in the
South.
Upon the question of the political rights of the
negro, we are beyond the taunt and reproach of
the monarchists of Europe. When they shall
have introduced universal white suffrage, re
moved the disabilities imposed upon millions of
their own subjects, and abolished all titles of no
bility and other distinctions of rank, it will be
-time enough for them to again interpose in the
domestic affairs of the American Republic. On
this question, too, the Democratic party bas a
record which it cannot reject. It has proclaimed
that though all men, of whatever race, may be
equal before the municipal law, yet that the gov
ernments here were made by, .white men to be
controlled by the white race. But be this as it
may, the entire-question, whether slavery remain
or be abolished, belongs solely to the people of
each State to decide fur themselves—else the
whale theory of our system of governments has
been surrendered, and the system itself is per.
isle&
Another subject remains upon which lhellem•
()erotic party can yield not one jot or tittle. By
every principle of its beteg, by its very name,
by its whole record, it is inexorably committed
to hostility to all violation of freedom of speech
and of the press; to arbitrary arrests and mill.
tary commissions for the trial upon any charge,
of citizens in States and places where the judi
cial tribunals wi' TRIAL BY ;JULY, are unob
structed; to tamed or corrupt interference with
elections; and to the whole host of other wrongs
done to public liberty and private right. There
can never be peace, quiet, or—dearest, most
needful to the bunion heart, beyond even phys
ical health to the systetri,--the sense of security,
till all these shall have bees removed from us.—
But upon this chiefost question of constitutional
liberty, the Demowatio party no longer stands
alone. A large majority of the masses of the
Republican party, some among their 'most info.
en tial presses, and many of the ablest an
bravest public men of that party, as the votes
and the powerful and manly speeches in the Sen..
ate and House at the late session attest, are
wholly with ns. If the President would, by one
word, secure the largest public confidence, lot
him forthwith restore the habeas corpus and pro
claim an end to all these instruments of tyranny
and oppression.
As to the "Monroe doctrine," I do not doubt
that its speedy enforcement would tend more
than any other cementing agency, to unite the
people of all sections. Without the vindication
of that doctrine, the mission of Manifest Destiny
will have been but half achieved, and the blood
and treasure spent in our civil war largely ex
pended in vain. Upon the Monroe doctrine,
Englund is estopped to make any issue with us,
and must remain at peace.
I have said nothing upon questions of Finance
—debt, taxation, tariffs, a disordered currency
and impending bankruptcy. These are the inev
itable penalties of war. But they are mischiefs
which have scarce yet been felt. Sufficient,
abundantly sufficient unto the day will be the
evil thereof,
Concerning the Democratic party as an organ
ization with new policies arising out of the is
sues of hour, many of them to endure for a
life-time, it is essential, in my judgment that a
new vitality also be infused into it. In nurn
bars itis morepowerful than at any former period.
That it was unsuccessful has been, at times, but
the fate of all parties. In the character, ability,
eloquence, integrity and love of country of its
public men, and the general intelligence, hon
esty and patriotism of its masses, it may chal
lenge comparison with any party. But for sev
en years, and more, it has lacked unity of pur
pose, and therefore energy of action. During
the war especially, with the control of but two
States - out of the twenty three whieb adhered to
the Un ion ; without power, patronage or influ
ence in the Federal Administration, and there
fore without any special organization er agency
authorized or permitted to prescribe a common
line of policy and prompt united action upon the
new questions daily arising; and with the most
vigorous and vehement central authority against
it ever known, wielding alike the clamor of pat
riotism and the cry c f religion, acting in politics
upon military principles and through military
instrumentalities, and to the whole power of the
purse and that purse the entire wealth of the sword
and thataword the entire fighting population of the
country, adding a supervision and constraint
over press, speech, person, railroad, lightning,
highway, steamer and telegraph, all themodes of
action and of locomotion and every vehicle of
thought, such alone as the fabled Briarius might
be supposed able to exert; with every appliance
of both Church and State, and of social and
business organization combined against it, it is
rather amazing that the Democretie party did
not perish, than wonderful that it should exhibit
-signs of partial paralysis. To-day, indeed, it
lies a powerful but inert mass, yet needing only
a new life-blood, a fresh vitality, the "proms
thean fire," to be infused into it. There are
those yet among the living who were actors, es
pecially in Jackson's day, and many, younger
than I am, who remember when the party was a
POWER in the country, exerting all the energy
without any part of the terrorism of the late Ad
ministration. "Oh, for an hour of Old Dundee !"
Without more of courage, more vigor, more au
dacity, if you please, in grappling with great
questions as in former years, the Democratic
party, cannot, ought not to survive, and must
give way to some other younger and more vital
organization. If it is to remain in its present
comatose state, at now the beginning of a new
epoch in public affairs, it were far better that it
should be hurried out of Sight at once. Certainly
Ido not advise that it shall move without occa
sion, and waste its superfluous vigor upon the
. air. "Rightly to be great is, not to stir without
great argument;" and it may be months before
policies and issues are sufficiently defined to re
quire it to int at all. But the repose of con
scious power and the lethargy of threatened die
solution ,are very 'different things.
- .I have finished now what I would have said in
person, bad , I accepted your invitation to be
present with you. I have confined my address,
I repeat, wholly to conjecture and suggestion ;
and desire it especially that I have written not
as one having authority, but solely for myself.—
Within this limit I have written the more freely
because, inasmuch as with the single exception
of the honored Governor of New Jersey, no
member of the Democratic party is in authority
—few even are, in office any where, though
among these aro some of the most eminent—
each has an equal right to speak to and for the
millions of freemen who make up the ranks of
that party. I am persuaded, indeed, that by
pursuing a line of policy wholly different from
that which I have suggested; by rejecting all
middle ground ; by offering persistent and indis-
AtielinetßO.alri tha e n ii t hY P trihP - Oinee
for and seizing upon the changing flood tide of
par pe o r p p u l l e n 'P g a s a s i n o d n m a n o d s t r ta a z e a t r i d o o n u o s n q t u h e e s t ra i o any n s w h a i c n h d
arc to be met now and decided by the President
and his advisers, the Democratic party would,
events,
control
e t e r u ol re o , f th th r e ou g g o h ve t r h n e m fo e r n ta t s
after some years and in the natural course of
woifthtlitehCeonrsotli,teur
tion,
and unquestionably the will, set on fire then by
"patient search and vigillong," to take ample
and violent revenge for wrongs real and imagin
ary. Such is the history of all revolutions and
all great popular convulsions. But I still seek
peace and would ensure it, and know well that
meantime and after the event, as for years past,
Map
the country would be the victim at last. Patri
otism and the public repose
A6st. alikeL A
isi forbid Di G H i t A .
C.L.m
..
Darren, Ohio, :y
e r
SCUOOL ACCOUNT
nk' South Lebanon Township for the year 18G4
ll RECEIPTS.
Tax on Real Estate,
do Tenants,
do Single,
Total
Balance left from last year,
State Appropriation,
Gain Tax,
Total Receipts,
EXPENDITURES
Paid to County Commissioners
Orders,
Diflcieney in Tax,
Collecting Tees,
Secretary's Pees, '
Balance in Treasury,
$2021 82
The above balance was thrown into the School
Fund.
BOUNTY ACCOUNT.
O F South Lebanon Township. for first Draft
RECEIPTS.
Tax on Real Estates, -
do Tenants and Single Men,..
Head Tax from M. 11. Dissinger,
Gained Tax,
EXPENDITURES
Paid Printing and Scrivoning,
Henry Hoak, mtpenses,
do refunded Tax, .. . ...
Rudolph Streak, note, -
Jonas Stager, do, •
Mr. Steiner, de.,
Philip Female; do.,
Jacob Werner, note and interest,....
Jonas Snyder, note,
David Werner
Jos. F. Heilman, note,
Joseph Bomberger, do ,
Henry Hank, do.,
Lebanon National Bank,
Stamps,
Lost Taxes,
Counterfeit note,
Joe. F. Heilman, expenses,
Balance left,
BOUNTY ACCOUNT.
O South Lebanon Township, for second Draft
RECEIPTS.
Tax on Real Estate,
do Tenants and single wen,
Gained Tax,
Paid Jacob Smith, noteEXPENDITURE&, .
Beth Light, note
Valley National Bank,.
Borianual Dundore, note,
Henry Shook, - note,
Jonas Stag!tr, putting in two substituted,
and interest
Jonas Snyder, note,
Lost Tax,
School Board for collecting and paying
out tax,
Balance left,
OOS . F. 71EILMAN,
JACOB &HAAR,
'MICHAEL 11. DISSINGEB,
'HENRY DOILNFAt,
EMANUEL DUNDORR,
• MOSES STROHM,
School Directors of South Lebanon Townsitip
May 10, 1865.
The Bridal Chamber.
ANOTE of warning and advice to those suffering
with. Seminal Weakness, General Debility, or
Premature Decay, from " whatever cause produced.
Read, ponder, and reflect I Do wise in Lime.
Sent "FREE to any address, for the benefit of the af
flicted. Benbby returmmuii Address
JAMES S. BUTLER,
420 Broadway, New York.
April 19, 1865,-am,
M
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1.3 09
09 70
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249 G 3
157 1-
37 86
$2O- 82
$lBO 00
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27 10
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1000
279 17
$12119 a
894 79
275 00
173 00
$12462 22
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400 0
300 00
500 00
1008 00
85D 00
1200 00
40D bo
125 00
3000 00
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