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I
THE WIZARD
'""'!"Or
03LIARR A NEVADA.
a ROMANCE or CALIFORNIA ADVENTURE.
'take way 'tore—make way for
the bride I!
At this call, .the dense crowd gath
ered on the banks of the gold strewn
Saoratiago, surged tumultuously , back,
opening a wide passage in their midst,
and one stalwart miner waved his tat
td straw hat, and cried
Three cheers for. Ralph Berne's
bride, comrades
'Ha I Ha ! three . cheers echoed
the multitude, as if with a single
voloci l ' and then ishoixt after shout went
.ringing up into the calm, blue depths
of the tropic sky. The last had not
'yet, died away, Oben a little stir was
heard around a tent near, and youn:
Borne appeared at the door, bowing
low in acknowledgment of their cour
tesy. He was a man of commanding
presence, with a broad, open brew, a
firm-, proud lip, a-sun bronzed cheek;
and a clear, dark eye, which was now
tender as a woman's. Nobody who
Could have looked at him as he stood
'them would have wondered at the as
oendency.he. bad gained over ids law.
less fellow miners, or that he had been
successful in wooing' the belle and
beauty of'the neighborhood.
'A long and happy life to you and
.yours,' exclaimed another.
'Yes, yea, yes,' passed from lip to
lip and once more a loud 'Hurrah
rent the air.
Ralph Berne 2 bowed again, and drew
back' frito the 'tent, but the pleasant
tumult had not subsided, when a
voice echoing- from out the thicket
.close by, cried:-
4 'Pear ye the festal hour ! Ay !
trftble when the, cup of joy- o'er.
flows! The bridal rose and the rich
myrtle flower have veiled the sword!'
That voice—so singularly deep and
sepulchral, and yet with such weird
music in its tones, sent a chill to eve
ery heart. Men who " bad led a. wild
life in the land of gold, and met all
the stirring adventures ,
. which then
made* California the theatre where
ruffians could boldly play their most
desperate roles, now felt a tremor in
their iron nerves. Their weather
beaten faces blanched,, and hoarsely
one faltered to another:---
'The wizard—the wizard—the wiz
ard of the Sierra Nevada t
'God help poor. Berne-1 1, said the
miner who had proposed the cheer;
'there couldn't be a worse omen than
to have thatifiend in human shape at
his weddingl• I'd as lief see a ghost
at mine!'
'Rush whispered the companion
at his side--The 's close at your heels.'
Ben Locke glanced hurriedly round.
There stood the singular being, who
bad cast.such a damp Upon their glee.
He was tall and slender, and as he
began to pace to and fro, they could
see that he was as light of foot as a
Chamois. His face was one which
Avould long flaunt the , spectator, like
some trembled dream, the features
were so strongly marked, the caver
nous oyes, so intensely black, so rest
less ) so , iti rid with baleful fi
masses of ebon. hair we
4h4l4iid-Vh-All,d—ragod his
Olden snake, turban, .
(runt with a single diamoi
Brous lustre. A. serge rob 4
ly about him, and , was gat!
waist by a steel belt, from
vended several curious chi
and wands. Quaint old fast
dela covered his bare -feet,
hand he carried a bright in.
Set ip a frame of some d ,
woodi
(What wait ye-for?' he asked at
length, pausing in his hasty promen
ade; 'I have been looking in the Wiz
ard's Glass, and I see a rude altar and
a priest, with book and surplice, but
there - is no wedding here,' and he laid
his finger_ impressive on the magic
mirror ! 4 1 tell you that the bride
will be snatched from the bridegroom's
Arms, for the Fates declare that she
uulli , never be Ralph Borne's
" 1 , l are Christabel—i have
op jt _toilsome march over moun
tain and valley, and foaming torrent,
to warn you yet again I Remember
what 8614 in the third watch of the
night, as I 4net, you under th e Wizard
tree I Go not to the altar with young
i3erne--go not At this juncture, a
female face peered through an open
ing in the tent before 'which he ,had
stopped ; the cheek waa Marble pale,
mild there was a shadow on the brow,
but the red lip, was rigid with some
irm, purpose. The next :moment it
.disappeared, and the Wizard passed
on. A murmur of relief ran through
the throng, but they could not, return
to their for Mer hilarity—the spell of
bis dreadful presence was too strong
upon them. More than an hour had
gone by since they began to gather
therarand,tbe day was now lapsing
into the dreamy, purple twilight.—
The sunset's gold had grown faint on
the snows of the far off Sierras, and
the sky, theyoung moon was just
ifeginumg ,to. peer -.over tall pines,
Which formed one. boundary of the
glen. The Swift river rushing by;
the miners' tents gleaming white
through the shadows;. the Indian hi
lit Ottao near, with the dusk faces and
gaudy plumes and gaywampum of
the braves showing distinctly in the
red glare of their watch fire . , the
mOtley throng swaying to-,turd hat
and the dark figure standifirbensath
VOL. 18---NO. 29.
the Wizard Cedar--all lent a certain
wild interest to the scene.
'The priest—the priest,' said Ben
Locke, and there was a confused
movement in the crowd, 'as they
pressed forward to get a glimpse of
the clergyman—a rector of the
.Ea.
glish church. Who had stopped an his
way to San Francisco, and. :was now
moving along the passage, 'thler. had
opened for the bridal party: Paty--
ing by a rude pile of stones,' he began.
to turn the leaves of hie prayer book,
and the multitude turned their atten
tion toward the tent from which that
fair fettale had peered for an 'instant.
'Here they comet Don't crowd I
Stand ba - ek; I say," exclaimed Ben
Locke, and every eye wandered to
the pair who had just come forth—
Ralph Berne and his betrothed wife,
Christabel Claire ! How shall I de.
scribe her seas to give the reader any
idea of the miner's bride elect? Her
„figure had the roundnees perfeet:
symmetry,. budgrtippfultyits' Om
young willow ; 'her 'face was strange.
ly beautiful-1, say strangely, because
her beauty was of such, a pare type.
er complexion was of dazzling fair
. ;es, her dark and heavily fringed
eyes like those of Oriental women,
and a luxuriance of midnight hair
rippled away from her white fore
head, and was gathered in a careless
knot at the back of her classic head.
Bata wondrous change had come over
her countenance since she looked out'
at the Wizard ' • some fond word of
Ralph Berne had-flushed 'the marble
cheek to crimson, made the ripe-lips
tremulous with smiles, and sent anew
light into the soft, dark. eye. There
was-no splendor inChristabel Claire's
bridal toilet; she wore a simple white
robe, a knot of snowy blossoms on, her
breast, and another roid folds of her
black hair. But the Princess Royal
of England, in all the pomp of her
wedding gear, was not followed by
more admiring eyes.than this young
girl. And Ralph Berne? There was
nothing in his appearance to indicate
that. he had even heard the Wizard's
prophecy. With a firm step he mov ,
od to the rough altar,• by which the
clergyman stood, - an the solemnities
began,
'With this ring I thee wed—' 'the
bridegroom was repeating that por
tion of the ritual, when the hollow
voice of the Wizard.sbrieked
'Never I Never I Never shall Chris.
tabel Clair wear• this aecureed circlet!
And rushing forward he struck the
ring to the earth, arid ground it to
atoms beneath hisfeet. Tnen, draw
ing a silver trumpet'from his robe, he
blew a clear, shrill blast. • 'Weep not,
Wrest Christabel,' he cried; 'another
and a worthierbridegrooin is at hand.
Spur on, Victim.'
Quick-as-tlionglet, - shorseman came
speeding across the glen. They saw
the glitter of the sword, the foam.
like tall of his plumes, which swept
down from his sontbero ere he reach
ed them; the next moment he drew
rein' beside the little pile of stones
and bent to grasp the arm of the bride
elect.
'Fear not, Christabel, my wife,'
murmured Berne; 'they shall never
take you, while I have a strong right
arm I' And gathering her. close to
his heart with his left arm, he shook
the other at his foes in stern defiance.
But a single dexterous blow of the
stranger's sword felled the miner to
the earth, and snatching the fainting
brike, he lifted her to the saddle, and
- - with
.t girl
better than his own life- , who dares
mount and ride away with me to the
rescue ?' . _
cried half a score of eager
voices.
'1 thousand thanks, friends said
Berne, staggering from the foss of
blood, as he regained his feet, am
going in search of my lost bride 1—
If we haste we can overtake them
before they, reach the mountainl'
'Don't be rash,' interposed Locke;
'you are as nale as the dead from that
ugly woundt4 don't believe you can
sit straight in the saddle.
must go,' was' all Ralph Berne
said : and hastily binding up the
wound on his shoulder, he hurried to
his tent. Two horses were grazing
among the tall grass near it, and it
was but the work of a moment to
saddle and - bridle one, and start on
the pursuit. Ten hardy miners, the
foremost of whom was Ben Locke,
gathered around him and they took
their way along ,the banks of the
stream.
Hours wore on; higher and higher
rose the moon; deeper grew the shad
ows of the night. The glen was left
fat behind; valley after valley was
crossed, river after river forded, and
still the horsemen who ,had borne
Christabel Claire away, kept beyond
their view. At length the moon went
down the blue slopes of the west to
hold a tryst with the morning star.
the eastern horizon - began to glow,
and the day broke in brightness and
beauty. At sunrise the band of per.
suers had reached the base of the Si.
erra Nevada ehain.
There she is, my Christabel r cried
Ralph Berne, as they stood baiting,
after their night's march, with their
eyes fixed onr the heights above...J.
Away up, half a league perhaps, the
elinftrauger bad paused to retlt- his
swift,' ootO steel Berne gized St
•. . . .
. . .
• . . , .
~,. ,
. . .
, . . ~ .. . .. .
•
, .
~ .
. . - . .
. . ,
:, ..
r
0. .
, .., ' *
4 .
r
. _
. .. . .
Cic b " ..•
~.
_
~
..
~,,,...„.. i ti.„. ~.....) . .
..,„:„.,...„,..•:,...,, ...,.. ~,..,...,..,,,,,,,.
13 ...INDERE NDERCE.
. v IRTUE LICERTY
.. , .
the light: burd
started on, and. than shouting :
'Now, to the rescue, boys.l' he dash
ed into the -steell and, narrow road.
along.risky paths; throufkli
deep defiles were eternal shadows
slept—over. wild mountain streams
and drifted snows. into the lodeliest
passes •of the ,Sierra Nevada, they
pressed, sending out an exultant cry
whenever they saw the tracks of the
stranger's horse. At last they saw
the object:of their search "scarcely a
hundred. rods in advance, and sot up
a shout of triumph, that made the
solemn old inorin tat ns Christa
bet looked-back, her face all aglow,
and waved her hand to her love.
'Take heart l' he cried, '1 will save
you!: Chriatibel, dearest, you shall
yet be mine; in spite of a thousand
Wizards.'
At that moment, the stranger struck
into a gloomy winding path.' * Ralph
, Berne followed, shorter and shorter
igit4W. , :lihe- •distance betweoratiiiiemd
Isis mys.terioui .foe==s few moments
more, and it Seemed to hint he could
grasp -Christabel's arm.. Suddenly a
deafening roar rose to his ear—he
glanced through the vista opening
before hi m—Great Heavens-I—scarce
ly ten yards distant was the most
fearful vortex he had over se'bn.—
The cliffs shelved vprecipitously far
down, forming an aby-ss no human
eye had ever fathomed, thro' which
a dark stream rushed.
.
• have hits now,' said Berne;
,n one
but a fiend, , or madman would leap
that vortex A mocking laugh We-tid
ed with . the,roar of the wacers, and
it
the ranger
'Ralph Berne, leap - the Wizard's
Gaff if yen dare!' and with one wild
plunge he gained the opposite cliff.
'God help me V taid Berne draw
,
ing-baek appalled, and straining his
gaee to following ehristabel, as she
was borne onward in the heart of the
Sierras, her dark eyes fixed despair
ingly hiin, her, midnight hair
streaming "iri the wind, tier hands, out
stretched to hiln in mute, but sorrow
ful appeal.
Christabel Claire remained
,eon
scions, :till a turn in the rugged path
Shut (Mt .Berne from hersight. When
a piercing Wail broke from hey lips,
her lad dropped-wearily upon her
captor:l's shoulder,and 'she remember
ed nothing more till the snows of the
mountains were passed, and " she
found herself in a beautiful valley,
where gorgeous .flowers :blossomed
and bright bird sung, and clouds of
insects went flashing by. '
- 'Well, we are almost at our jour
ney's end,' said '.he horsemen, With a
grim smile, as he saw her bewilder
ed look—Athere is the Wizard's-home!
Christabel glapeesLin. the direction
indicated and saw that they were
hard by a dilapidated rambling old
house. it seemed a, fitting abode for
the weird man; whose arts had made
him the terror of the Sierra Nevada,
and the region around it. She had
hardly time to make observations, ere
the horseman drew rein, leaped - to
the ground, and taking her from the
Saddle, led her alonga damp and mass . -
grown pavement; tejliti door of the
mysterious mansion. A - three head
ed dog carved in a stone, stood on
either side or the black marble steps,
and as her companion raised. 'the
quaint knocker, a savage mastiff
boundectirorn the, shadows upon, them
with eyes as fierce as those of his
master. The next moment the mas
sive, iron barred door swung open,
and the Wizard appeared upon the
mouldering threshold.
'Welbome, fair Christabel, welcome
to the Wizard's den f.' he murmered
in that Singular voice of his; t
turning to the horseman who
brought her thither,' he added; 'CI
now, good Victor, I will requite yea
for the service you have done!
The man bowed and retired, and
Christabet Claire was left alone with
the far-famed - Wizard of the Sierra
Nevada..
ed to
me as
scone
iefore
Tat o
P"
t o e
11 We
thus
'Do not fear me,' he said gently
taking her - hand, andlixing his inag
netio eyes upon her; 4 shall" do you
no harm l It was to save you from
an ill Marriage, that I commanded my
trusty Victor to wrest you from
Ralph Berne, even at the altar. B e
of good copge—a more brilliant des
tiny is awaiting you.'
But kind as he appeared, Christa
'eel was not re-asshred. Her Young
heart quakett, fer; he led along the
gloomy ball, vith its grim bronzed
statues, and then-a spiral stair ease,
and through corridor and corridor,
and room after moth, where her foot
fall- aroused a dismal echo, and it
seemed as if no sunbeam had ever
crept. Her superstitions dread was
at height, when on touching a
secret spring, and oaken door flew
back,*and a large cha . mber was re
vealed, lighted only by a curious lamp
suspended from the ceiling, and filled
with the' appliances of that strange
man's calling—magic stones, rods and
mirrors; 'black letter lore,' as be
termed it ; a quaint telescope, and a
brazen tripod,' over whose flame
some oderous liquid was sinirnering.
'What think you of the Wizard's
den?' he asked, as Ohristabel's eyes
wandered about the place.
'l.—l.—do not like it.' gasped the
girl; 'the air oppresses me'; take me
away, I implore.;
'Never did lips like yours ask any
thing reasonable in vain,' replied her
companion; there are rooms in my
house better suited to a lady's taste
Idochanically the girl followed him
and to her utter astonishment, fonad
bereelf in one of aconite of rooms, all
opening into. each other, and fttrnish•
ed in Letyle,ol regal magnill;pinee.-
The rich catota into thw feet
A., WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER .11,...1861:.
sank as if they had been velvet;
couches that invited to 'repose ; rare
paintings and,,.many a, . marble form
rising in still„whlte beauty here and
there; clouds Of Tyrian drapery at
the windows,*hichgave the light' a'
soft and mellOW , htte as it stole 'in;
mimic fountains Murmured dreamily; •
all made that itart,of the
° house peen
like'an enchanted ,palace . ,
'Does not ii*Fi„daz . le you, 'sweet
Chrinabel?' oried the - Wizard
' The maiden hook her lieatt,-:and •
said sadly : 'Cliosir, .1 should-far rath. •
er make , my 2 - lorne in ;tire. meanest
tent with Ralßerne, tbith 'io . liVe
here in splend, r.
The Wizard EiVes fleshed fire, li'at
t
for-a moment'Oe tYitl not-Speak. ,- Then
he said with tnisuavitthe had.maia
tained when dr'essing her;
.. 'Sit
down, and W f
ai jlll. return L-4' have
something imiriant to . say,this, af
ternonn.' lie' 'dived, and ghristabel
l
sank into one of the le.x.uriiik,Aite:;.
Uits,. an rpi I LD 4,iiii4ier bilaiicitala c
velvet otahionsisat loi'c'la time like
one in a dream. Then a gilded door
turned softly on iti; hinges; she heard
a footfall, and glancing round, saw' a
man standing at her side. Had he
stepped out of one of the heavy pie.
tare frathes on the walls, she could
not have been astonished—this in.
deed was a day of wonders I The
i3tranges had not yet passed life's
most vfgorous prime; and his bear
ing had that easy grace, which ruing.
ling with all phases of society seldom
fails to give. His fine figure was set
off to. good advantage by the 'pictur•
esque contame he' wore—a kind of
blouse trimmed - with velvet., girded
at the waist with a . criaisou scarf, and
opening at the chest to re. Veal a bo.
som of finest linea; a falling dolar
- Istened around the neck with a clus.
r of jewels, andtjaunfy orna
en ted.with a tufrof ga.y plumes was
carelesslly set about his jetty curls.—
His . full, Turifsh. trousers reached
bnly to the knee,•and Were gathered
beneath his. long Mexican boots.
g: see I Must introduce myself,' he
said,'in a voice which
ly vfamiliar ' --- r 'fairesi,Christabel, I am
Roderigo, the Chief of the 14:toxic:au
Brigands,.that have so long' infested
these Mountains; but,' sometimes, the
better to carry out my purposes, I
assume the character of a Wizard.—
As such I have been -the terror of the
miners—poor supersitious fools'
and his laugt.rang musicall*through
the splendid chamber. 'Christabel
Claire, he added, dropping on one
knee before her;—'the first time I met
you, I thought T had never seen a
more beautiful Creature. I loved you
then, and resolved that you should
grace my home among the mountains.
But you fancied you loved Bala
Berne—you were
.so infatuated as t+
promise to be, his wife, and I made a
vow that you y should be mi,ne. In
my Wizard's dress I warned you a
gainst him, but in vain. Then 1 grew
desperate. I summoned one of my
band to my aid, and snatched you
from your lover.'
He paused, - but Christabel made no
reply, and he went on am here at
your feet—Christabel does not yout
heart give response to mine , ! I can
weave diamonds in your' hair; and
roheyou like -a, , queeri, and- provide
you a luxurious house; :while Borne
is only a poor Miner. 2 - W-hat, , sayypfir
4 1 want no higher lot than Balph
Berne offers me ! I Would not be
brigand's wife - if he could heap all
the wealth of :California upon me 1--L
Let me go back---O, let me go back
to Ralph. - -
'Scorn the brigand if you will`, re
plied her companion, and he sprang
to his feet, hie whole frame dilating
with rage; 'but listen tea disclosure
have to make. Christabel
our father is in - my power: lie
came to this El'Doradix to build' up a
fallen fortune. He amassed a hand
,some one injlie minevnd then - took
to gaming in the vain how that he
could count.hie 'fortune- by Millions
rather than by thousands: Ile and. I
have played with _desperate stakes ;
I have won all his property, and he
is still my debtor. __Now-h© is thor
oughly disgusted with the vieissitudes
Of, the card-table; ho longs to shake
off the thraldom of the bad habit,
which has been like an incubus upon
his energies ) but my iron grasp is on
him. Marry me and I will refund
the money I have won from hiM;-and
he shall go back to your invalid moth.
er, your helpless brothers and Sisters,
rich Man. Relpe and he' stays
here to his dying day, a brigand.'
For .a moment Ohrisabel stood
speeehleSS with terror. Then she
sank down before hith and gaSped:
"Is there no other way to avert such
a doom from my poor father and the
dear once at home ?"
"None ! I am firm as the rocks of
the Sierra Nevada. I give you half
an hour to decide the question !"
With these words he left the room,
"Christabel gave herself up to the
harrow:ng thoughts which came
crowding thick and fast upon her.—
That half an hour—what an age of
agoily was compressed into its. fleet
ing moments ! She wept, she pray.
od, she wrestled with love and duty.
All the sweet dreams which had been
linked with her affections for Ralph
Berne, came back to her with start
ling vividness, and her soul shrank
from a sacrifice _that would bind her
for ever to another. When the time
of probation had expired, and she
heard the brigan i trostep in the cor
ridor she had decided to tell him she
could never be his. The door open
ed—Roderigo walked in, followed by
her father. The girl's heart seem-
ed to'stand still, as she looked upon
poor Claire. Suffering had done the,
work Of years; his eye , burned with
unnatiial litatie his hair iiias
ly sprinkled With silver, his ones fine
form was wasted to a mere - Shadow;of
its former symmetry—at forty-five,
lienri„ claire was arkold,man.. ! Chris
tabel thought of the pale mother aux--
iousl3r awaiting his return to the
idnehe on 'the Saerathent(4 of Ile
bright-eyed 'children who would 'be
'worse than .or if she: did not,
save him and a. sudden. •revulsion , of
feeling swept over her. She spraho
to.thim she wound her white arms a
'bout-his hee,k, and murniured be-
Itwben lier •
!'Rather, father, 1-will save Toil!
I.7he ppar i man. hoyed,down his bead ju
penitence and shame.
"God bless ynn„ray,,darlingChristabtil !"
41e said ,hparsely, , ,fand, forgive me got; the
blight I haVe brought.upp.n., rat ! it
werehoftar,y4ur Ambler' and the chil
dretVi except
havettieen weak-Phave yieldeifto temp
tation, but if it WO be any eomfort to you
in y Y'rt.9 ll eo l le, B, s, MMA!'" Yesuived
to li. e a purer life, tbo
be yours. Again I say, God bless you-
Farewell." He drew her to him in a con
vulsive embrace, wildly kissed her white
forehead and tore himself away.
Time went on,, and at midnight the
Brigand, Chief led christabel into the state
ly 'room where a Mexicap priest was a
waiting to .sOlerrinize 'their marriage.—
The .apartmentwas one blaze of light;
music from an unseen orchestra came in
sweet gushes to the ear; Roderigo was
splendidly attired, and. Christabel's wed
ding: robe and jeWela were worth an earl's
ransom. But the beautiful bride thought
of Ralph Berne and the-rude alter by the
Sacramento, and wept in bitterness. of
soul The rites were about to begin, when
a heavy tramp was heard along the corri
dors; the door was flung Wide open, and
young Berne and a score of eager follow
ers pressed in • with one bound Ralph
reached Cbrista ' bel's side and gathering
her in his arms, murmured :
"Did I not say I would rescue my
bride in spite of a thousand Wizard's "
Then came a desperate conflict, and in
the gray dawn of the morning. 'Boded
go, the Brigand Chief lay stark and stiff in
that mystic room, the Wizard's den. His
growing avarice and tyranny had render
ed his band mutinous; one 'whom he had
deemed a trusty ally, he betrayed him to
the wronged miner, and led the. way to
his hiding place. The band was broken;
men Who haVe feared his magic power,
laughed at their crudulity, and nobody
was found to weep over his hastily dug
grave.
A week later . Ra'ph Berne and his fair
Christabel were-married amid the rejoic
ings of their friends ; Ralph was most sue . -
cessful in his toils among the mines, and
is now a wealthy-and respected citizen of
the old Bay State ; and sometimes when
his children sit besides him in the glow of
the winter fire, he tells them .the story of
his adventures with the Wizard of the
Sierra Nevada.
Veitirat.
PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE.
Alloto-aliross of Mt Senate and Einem of Re.prezen-
tat 'tea
In the midst of, unprecedented political troubles, we
have cause of great gtotitude to God for unusual good
health and most abundant harvests.
You will not be surprised.to learn, that to the peculiar
exigencies of the Unice 'our intercourse with foreign na
tions has been attended with profound solicitude, chiefly
turning upon our own domestic affairs. A disloyal poi ,
tiop pf .the American people have, during , tbe whole year,
beide . " ingagllllsn an attempt to divide and destroy the
Union.
A nation which endures factious domestic divisions is
exposed to disrespect abroad, and one party, if mot both,
le sure,aooner or later, to invoke foreign intetvention.—
Nations thus tempted to interfere are not always able
to resist the counsels of seeming expediencyand engem,
rons.ambition, although measures'adopted under such in
fluences seldom fail. to be unfortunate, and Injurious to
those adopting them.
The disloyal citizens of the United States who have
offered the ruin of our country in return for the aid and
comfort which they have invoked abroad, have received
less patronage and 'encourageinenr than they probably
expected. If it were just to eeppoee, as the insurgents
have seemed to assume, that foreign stations, in this
case, disoarding all moral, social and treaty obligations,
would act solely and selfishly for the most speedy resto
ration of commerce, Including especially the acquisition
of cotton, these nations appear as yet not to have seen
their way to the object more directly or clearly through
the destruction, than through the preservation of the
Union.
if we could dare to believe that foreign nations are
actuated by no higher principle than this, I am quite
ante a sound argument could be made to show them that
they can reach their aim more readily and easily by aid
ing to crush this rebellion than by giving etwouregement
to It. The principal lever relied on by the Insurgents for
exciting foreign nations totwitallity against iis,as already
intimated. Is the embarrassment of commerce. Thetis
nations, however, not improbably saw from the first that
it was the Union which made as well our foreign as our
domestic commerce. They can scarcely have failed to
perceive that thi effort for disunion produces the exist
ing difficulty, and that ono strong nation promises more
durable peace and amore extensive and reliable com
merce, than can the same nation broken late {tout le
fragments. It is not my purpose to review oar discus
sions with foreign States, because whatever might be
their wishes, or dispositions, the, integrity of our country
and the stability 'of our Goverothwat. mainly depend, not
upon them, but on the loyalty, virtue, patriotism and
Intelligence of the Americeixpeople.
The correspondence itielf, With the uanal reservation,
is herewith submitted= 1 venture to hope It will appear
'that we have practised prudence and liberality towards
foreign powers averting causes of iriitation, and with
firmness maintaining our own rights and honor. Since,
however, It Is apparent that bare, as in every other State,
foreign dangers necessarily attend domestic clifficultlea,
I recommend that adequate and ample measures be
adopted fur . maintaining the public defences on every
side.
. .
While under this general recommendation provision for
defending our seacoast line occurs to the mind, I also, in
the same connection, ask the attention of Congress, to
our great lakes and rivers. It is believed that some fur
tillcationsond depots of arms and munitions, with har
bor and navigation improvements, all at well selected
points upon these, would be of great importance to the
national defence and preservation.
I ask attention to the views of the Secretary of War
expreaegg . in his report upon the same general subject.
deemlt'of importance that the loyal regions of Nast
Tennessee and Western North' Carolina should be con
neeted with Kentucky and other faithful parts .of the .
Union by railroad. I, therefore, recommend as a mili
tary measure, that Congress provide for tho construction
of such road sa speedily as possible. Kentucky, nodonbt,
will co operate, and, through her Legislature, make the
most judicious selection of a line. The Northern termi
ens must connect with some existing railroad, and whe
ther the route shall be from Lexington or Nicholasville
to the Cumberland Gap, or from Lebanon to the Tentles
s°e line in the direction of Knoxville, or on some still
different line, tau rendilybo determined. Kentucky and
ties General Government co-operating, the work can be
Completed in a very abort time, and, when done, it will
not only of vast present usefulness, but also a valuable
permanent improvement, with its oost, in all the future.
Some treatise designed chiefly for the interest of com
merce, and having no grave political Importance,_ have
beOn negotiated, and will be submitted to the Senate for
their consideration.
Although we have failed to induce some of the Com,
Morcial powere to adopt a desirable melioration of the
rigor of a maritime vier, we have remoiad all obstruc
tions from tho way of title humane-reform, eyept such
as ire merely of temporary and saidental occurrence.
I invite your ettutitiOn to the correspowience I?
tifedli Her Britannia Mal -.stirs Minister, searedite2 to
this Government. and the aeoretery of Mete relative to
the detention of the British ahlp Perthshire In Juan',
lest, by the United dram* .tamu.r Meneachueetts. ter
auppdaPd breach of the Mocks/rt. As title deten
tion wee oceasokmed by an obvious miaappreliension of
the hots and as j ;mice requires that we should e on
reit no belligerent act not fontidad In +trios right as
asincti , nri by pnblie law. I recommend chat an sp
propriatiou he made to satisfy the rauomehie Aemaud•
of the owner. of Oh. vessel for her detcntion.
I tepee the recomMenletiou of my predeoesetir,
his annual uteeeade.to.fkogreaa In Decentber last, In
regard to the diapositi.n nf the surplus which will
probably remain after satlifving the claim' of Ameri
can citizens egstuet Chloe, pg , ment to this a mr. la ,of
the CemoMeeiouvre wider the act of the ad of Ketch,-
THOLE NO. 651.
If, however,lt abOuld not be deemed advisable to
carry Unit recommendation Into effeat,l would suggest
tbetviiithOritk be given; investing the principal over
the proCeellsof the surplus referred to in good eecuri
ties, with il„,riew to the satisfaction of such other just
claims of oar eltizans againei China as are not unlikely
. •to arise hereafter in the course of our extensive trade
with Hasteloore- '..
•
' 'By the ant urthe 11th of Aug ust last, Congress' maim.
rlced the fries/dent to ihstruct the Commanders of
*citable Teasels to defend themselves agaluet and cap
tuie pirate*. 'This authority ha, been exercised In a
elngie InitimiTiebaly. For the more effectual prntacttou
• 9f cur extei4ivirand valuable,ceinmei ea in the Eastern
; Seikii. epeetlAy, it seems to ma. that it would elm be
edileebte to siathorizitbecofiffniuders pf sailing vele
vskia to,recapture any prizea 'which pirattis may - make
of United, htates Tommie and Xbelr carpal, and . the
COnaubir Courts sow astabl!shed ' by% law to Xaatern
conntrifiaZo. adjudicate the oases, in the event that
this should not be objected to by the local authorities.
If any
. good resume exists. wh y we should persevere
• llirtwiriti withholding our recognition of Vbe indepen
depoe,an4.6ovezelgtity of:Hayti, I am unable to disco
jer it, ~,. . . .
"Aliwllll4 bovrevar, to Inengurs,4 a novel policy in
.megiird lOW's' Without theapprobation of Concrete',
Iknikilt-foryour . considsration the expedirecy. of an
liproprgition for maintatni. g • charge d'affiirea near
rvorch of Vic*. new Statee; it dews not admit or a d ihibt
;that .10.purtatit commercial advantages might be oe•
itiresi by cavorahle tretoise with them. , . ,
' 'The operition.i of the Treasury thiriug the period
';yettletaturi elapsed isia.ce your adjournme.t. have been
I NSlOotetkrfAth Opel an 00518.. The patriotism of the
I;WoOle Zia lifeeed at the disposal of the geveroraeet
liitheilijisi r eseeettadedianded by the pubile-rilgeneirra.—
Much of the Ifell&usl lasso boorbeen taken by citteaus
I of, IV lutiuSitiel .claeglen, wbose confidence iii their
I feu . trj's fel a 4 teal:toy their tioantry"a deliverance
~..froisa.prsehlr sidindisted them to contribute•le,
4 4
1 the supporhot e ticivetnment the whele of their limi
I ted anvil' It lone. Tifialiet inipeaee pi culler , A,ligstiolla
upon A, to economy Is disbursement ard energy In ac
tino.
'the revenues (rum .1, oeuvees, including Warta for
the stianciol . yeer, ending on the 3Uth of June, 1861,
wee 180,b35,900 27. and the experidituree for the tame
perhol, Including payment. on et:count et the public
debt, were 184,576834 47, leaving a balance In the
Tree ury, on the let of July, of $3 . 257,065 bO. For the
first quarter of the financial year, endlug en the 30th
of Beptem tier, 1868. the treetpte true all aourcee. Incite
ding the balance of the tat of Joly,were $4021.32,50 37,
and the expentes $93,239,'33 09 ; leaving a balance on
the tat of October, leat, of $4,592,7745 lg.
Estimates for the remaloing three quarters of the
year, and for the dnencill year of 1303, together with
hie viewer ways atm means for meeting the demands
contemplated by them, will be submitted to Congress
by the dueetory of the Treasury:
ft-id gratirylug to.know that the eipen.iltureo made
micrometry by the rebellion art not 'beyond the reennrcee
of the toy.) people, end to believe that the saute
trieffeta whiM nee thine far sustained the Govern.
went will crounue to instate it till peace and talon
snail again blase the land
I reipectfull, refer tottie report uf tn. itazzetary of
War ria Information - respect/h. the aumetical itrength
of the srroy and for recomtneadittimis. having to ales
an !acreage of its eillcieney and the Ve,l being of the
rations brenches ot the service entrneted to his Care.
It is graUfytag to know that thepstrlotisin of the pee
pis has posed equal to the ocosei•oe. and that the morn
bm of troops tendered greatly exceeds the foros.which
Congress anthoritted me to call into the field. I refer
with Pleasure to those Wilmer of his report wh'eh
make allusion to the creditable degreo of dhripltoe al
readylatainedLy our troops and to the eUnellentsani
tary condition of the entireitate. •
The recommendatiotrof the Efteretlay for an organi
zation of the militia upon a uniform basis, is a but,•
jest of cital Importauca to the future safety of :Le
country, and is commended to the serlons attention of
Congress.
The large fidditkat to the regular army to connection
with the cl.f.cttot. that bee to ovuelderatay duple lah,d
the Dumber of lta ancera, Os* peculiar Importance
to hid recom. aeodathra for tr.creeetne . the corps of Oa
data to the greatest capacity of the MEW) , Academy
By more omission I presume, Cengrees him failed to
provide Chaplains for hospitals occcpled by voltmt an
Thie SllNeet axe brought to my notice, and I war
Induced to draw np the forte Of • letter, one copy of
which, properly add , stal, has been delivered to each
of the persons, and at the dates, respectively named,
and stated In a achedole trovitnining also the the form
of the letter (letter marked Adana herewith trans
mitred.
The gentlemen I understood 'entered upon the drtles
designated at the times respectively etated In the ached.
nle, and hive labored faithfully there ever since. I
therefore recommend that they be compensated at the
same rate-as Chaplains fu the army, further suggestin g
that general provision b made for Chaplains to serve
at Hospitals ae well as with regiments. The report of
the Secretary of the Navy pies •nts in detail the opera•
tionv of that branAt of the service, the activity and en•
eryy which have characterized its administration and
the results of the measures to increase Ite efficiency
and power.
Such have been the additions by construction and
purchaae. that it may alturst be said a Nary bite bean
created and ' rought Into service since our Micah las
commenced. -Resides blockading. our extensive coast,
squadrontrldfger thin iver before assembled tindery=
Ilse, hare been put afloat and performed deeds which
hare increased our Naval »down.
I would invite special attention to the recommenda
tions of the Secretary (or n mrc perfect organisation
of the Navy, by Introducing additiotral grades in the
service- The present organization le defective and un
satisfactory, and the suggestions submitted by the De
partment will, it is believcd, if adopted, obviate the
difficulties alluded to, promote harmony and Inareaae
the efficiency of the Navy.
There are three vacancies on the bench of the Su
preme Court; two by the d-cease of Justice Daniel and
McLean. and nne by the resignation of Justice Camp
bell. I have an far forborne making nominations( to
Sil these vacancies for reasons which I will now state:
Two of the oat-going Judges resided within the States
now overrun by revolt, se that If their successors were
appointed in the tame localities, they could not now
serve upon their circuit, and many of the . most compe•
tent men there.probably would not take the personal
hazard of accepting to serve, oven here. upon the Su
preme Bench. I have been unwilllnt te.Ottrow all the.
appointments Northward, thus disabling myself from
doing justice to the South on the return of peace, al.
though I may remark that to transferto the North one
which has heretofbre been in the South, would not with
reference to territory and population.. be unjust
During the long'and brllliaut Judi:dal career of Judge
McLettn. MI circuit grew into an empire altogether tio
large for any one Judge to give the Courts thereto
more than a nominal attendance,- doing in population
from 1,470,018 in 1830, to . 6,154405 in 1860. Ilbeidee
this, the country geaerally'hasMutgrown our. present
judicial system. If uniformity was et all Intended,
the system requires that all the States shall lie accom
modated with Circuit Courts intended by Supreme
Judges, while; In feet, Wisconsin, Minnesota, lows.,
Kansas, Florida, Teiss, California and Oregon have
never had any such Courts.
Nor can this well be remedied, withoitt a change of
the sy3tem, bemuse the lidding ofJudges to the Supreme
Court; enough fur the accommodation of all parts of the
country with Circuit Courts, would crests a Court alto
gether too nue:Lathes for a judicial body of any Sort.—
Aud the evil, if it be one, will iucresee as now States
come hito the Union, Circuit Courts are useful, or they
are not neenal. if useful. no State should be denied
them. if not useful, no State should have them. Lot
them be provided for all, or abolished to aIL
Three modiffeationa occur" to me, either of
which I think would be an ituproveruent upon
our present system. Let the Supreme Court be
of convenient number in every event. Then
first, let the whole country be divided into cir
cuits of convenient size, the Supreme Judges to
servo in a number of them corresponding to
their own number, and independent Circuit Judg .
es be pr,vided for all the rest ; or, secondly, let
the Snpreme Judges be relieved from Circuit du
ties, and Circuits Judges provided for all the Cir
cuits; or thirdly, dispense with the Circuit Courts
all together, leaving the Judicial functions.whol
ly to the District Court and an independent Su
preme Court..
I respectfully recommend to the eonsideratiot
of Congress the present condition of the Statute
LIMP, with the hope that Congress will be able to
And ae tee, remedy for many of the it:maul-en.
lances and evils which ciartetantly embarrass
thoie engaged in tbe practical administration of
thom. Since organization of the Government,
Congress has enacted some five thousand acts
and joint resolutions which fill more than six
thousand closely printed pages, and are scatter.
ed' through many volumes.
Many of these acts have been drawn in haste
and without sufficient caution, so that their pro
vision's are often obscure In themselves, or in
couftiat.with each other; or, at least, 1,0 doubt-
ful as to render it very difficult for even the but
informed person to ascertain precisely what the
stattnte law really is. It seems to me very im
portant that the statue laws should be made as
plain end iutelligielic is possible, and be reduced
to as smell a compass as may consist, with the
fullness and precision of the Legislature and the
perspicuity of its language. This well done
would, I think, greatly facilitate the labors 0 4 1„;,
those - whose duty it it to assist in the adminie-..
trail ion of the laws, and would be a lasting iitek.:-
efit to the people by the plaeingbefore them
a more acoeptible and intelligiltle.form, the laws
which so deeply aotreern their-ibtereste and their
duties. lam iiiferAti by some, wliche opitticitt•
I respect, that all tlie7;itets "of Congraie .no`wi in
force, and of a pernierrent and general':isitara,.
might be revised and rewritten, so as to. be•em
braced ill . one volume, or, almost, in two . Vol
umes; of ordinary tied . commercial size, and I
respectfully recommend to Congress to eob• •
sider s on the subjeet, end i My. Suggestion be ap- :
proved, to dei• ir''Clo•thtny wiwt oin
shell seem most proper, '"" . 24.itiejaiheieht, of the!
cud propooed.. .
Due of the antic - 04We .3.l.e".lVseithA Mimes of the
neurrertioo is the entire 'etrepimeion, in many
places; of ell the ordinary manna of a dminicer
tug civil jballJe by the offiiersand the forms of
existing law.' This. is the* *i n t h e wholes or i n
part, in the insurgent States, and as, oar armies!
advance and 'take- pea.ession of parts of tliost.
Statue, it betootnes more :tpleirent. • •
:There are no courts or efVers to which the cit
'tissue of other States.mat apply. for
_the enfores-
S gittinetisat.
A FAMILY PAPER PORTOWN AN $ ,COUNTRY_,
IS PRINTED AND PlIBLIS: WENRLT
By WK. M. BB If,
2d Story of Funck's New Building, Camberland St
At Ono Dollar arul-E4ty
,Cora_ta a Year.
AZ , ADVENSLIMIMMIS Ineerted at - the usual Wee. 10111
The Monde of the ottabilithmentoiltd the ptiblic geser
allp eretappcctfully solicited sehdlniheitortlere.
ifiIPHAIMBILLS Printed cyan 20;0 . ; notice.
RATES OF POSTAGE.
In Lel... non County, poetage free.
In Ponm.ylyania, out of Lebanon county, 3/,‘ rate p
quarter..a 13 cents a year. .
Out of this State, 64 cts. per quarter, or 26 Va. a rex
It the postage Is not paid In advance, rates are doubted.
ment of their lawful claims against the cititsat
of the insurgent Statos, and their
,vast amount
of debt, constituting such elating, some have es 7.
timated as two hundred milliens Of dollars, dos,
the large part from insurgents in rebellion, toloy
al citizens who are even now making great Baal
lees in the discharge of their 'patriotic duty to
en port the Government.
.•t rider these circumstance! I have been urgent
ly solicited to establish by military power Courts
to ad:mini:ter summary junto. in such eases. I
have Gine far declined to do it, not boozers I had
any doubt that the end proposed, the collections
of the debts was just and right In itself, but be
cause I have been unwilling to go beyond the
pressure of necessity, in the anuses] exercise of
power. But the powers of Congress, I supnore,
are equal to the anomalous creation, and I there
fore refer the whole matter to Congress with the
hope that a plan may be devised for the adminis
tration of justice in all such parts of the insurg
ent States and territories as may be under the
control of this Government, whether by a volun
tary return to 'allegiance and orde'r, or by the
power of our arms; this however, not to be a per
manent institution, but a temporary substitute,
and to Cells. as FOOD 93 the ordinary courts cat
be re established in peace. It is important that
some more convelelent mecca should be provided,
if poesible, for the adjustment of claim. against
the Government, especially in view of their in
creased number by reason of the war.
It is as mach the duty of Government to ren
der prompt justice against itself in favor of Ml
rim, as it Is to administer the same between
privateln di viduals—the investigation and adju
dication of claims in their hands belong to the
judicial department. Besides, It is ok:ergot thit
the attention of Congress win be more than usu
ally engaged for some time to come with groat
national questions. It was Intended by the or
ganisation of the Court of Claims, mainly to re
move this branch of the business from the halls
of Congress. But while the Court Insa prevail
to be an effective and valuable means of invest!.
gat:on, it fails in a great degree to effect the oh-
jest of its creation for want of power to make
its judginents final. Pally aware of the delica
cy, not to say the danger, of this subject, I com
mend to your careful consideration whether this
rower of making judgments final may not prop.
erly he given to the Court reserving the right of
appeal on questions of law to the Supreme Court
—with such other provisions as experience may
have shown to be necessary. .a
I ask attention to the report of the PoitMastel Gee•
cal the following being a summary statement of that
Department :—The revenue front al I sources dining the
timed year ending dune 30,1181, including the annual
permanent appropriation orsevem hundred thousand
dollars for the transportation of free mall matter nine
forty-nine Uri:cm:id two h•lndreed end ninety
eta dollars end forty cents, being about two pa: cent.
lees than the revenue.
Fur ma% the expenditures were $18,005,760 11, alsosts
lag a dlicrasse of more than eight per cont., as compered
with those of the present year, and leaving an *gems
of expenditunie over the revenue for th, last nlCa
year, of 114,557,402 71. The gross revenue fbr the year
ending June 80th, 1863, is estimated at an increase of
tour per cent. upon that 6f 1801, nuking $5,883,000, to .
which should be added the earnings of the Department
in carrying free matter, six: $1 00, 000, making $9,383,-
000. The total expenditures lOO3 are estimated at
$12,020,000, leaving an estimat• d deficiency of three
tuillions one hundred and torty-five ilioneand dollars to
be supplied how the Treasury, in addition to the per.
=anent appropriation.
The present insurrection shows, I think, that the Sa
tanist= of this district across the Potomac river at the
time of eatabllahing the Capital here was eminently
wise, and consequently that the relinquishment of that
portion of it which lies within the Stems of Virginia
was unwise and dangerous. 1 =built for your consid
eration the expediency of regaining that part of the
district, and the restoration of the original boundaries
thereof, through negotiations with the state of Virginia.
Thereport of the Secretary of the Interior. with the
acannpituy i ng documents, exhibits the condition of the
several branches of the public service (P 2 and 3) per
taining to that Department. The depressing influences
of the insurrection bnve been esi..velelly felt in the op
eratlons of the Patent and General bend Offices.
The cash reneipts from the settee or politic lands dra ,
log the past year have exceeded *he expenses of our
land system only shout two hundred thousand dolle--s.
The sales have been entirely suspended in the South.
ern buttes, while the inter, option to the basineen of the
onntry, anti the diversion of large nun:there of men
from /shot- to military service, have obstructed settler
meets its the new atatee and Territores of tbe North
west.
The receipts of the Patent Office have declined in:
nine months shout $109,004) rendering a large deduc
tion of the torus employed troaesaary to make It self
sustaining.
The den:muds upon the Pension oeve will be largely
Increased us the insurrection.
Numerous applications for pensions, based up
on the caeualities of the existing war,. have al-.
ready been made. There is reason to believe
that many who are now upon the pension rolls,
and in receipt of tho bounty of the dovernmont,
are in the ranks of the insurgent army, giving
them aid and comfort. The Secretary of the In
terior has directed a suspension of the payment
of the pensions of such persons upon proof of
their disloyalty.
I recommend that Congress authorise that of
ficer to cause the names of such Persons to be
stricken from the pension roll.
The relatioasvof the Government with the In
dian tribes have been greatly' disturbed'_ by the
insurrection, espeCisky in the Southern Superit
tendency, and in that of New Mexico, The In
dian country south.of Kansas is in the posses
sion of ineurgetwAroin Texas-and Arkansas,
The agents of o.lWissOlnited ,Steles Goya:ay:Wu:it
appointed since the 4th of Nataii;lltat
superiuientiency, have been unable kotretith °their
posts, while the most of those who '
were „in the
office befole that time, have espoused theinsur i,
reetionary cause; and assume to exercise the . ,
powers of agents by virtue of ociiiiMissiuns from
the insurrectionists.
It has been stated in the public press that a
portion of these Indians have been organized as
a military force, and are attached to the army
of the insurgents. Although the Government
boa no (Alicia) Information upon this aubject,lei
tere haie been written to the Commissioner of
radian Affairs by several prominent Chiefs, giv
big assurance of their loyalty to the United
States and expressing a wish for the.presence of
Federal troops to protest them. It is believed
that upon the re possession of the country, by the
Federal forces, the Indiana will readily cease all
hostile demonstrations and resume their former
relations to the Government,
Agriculture, confessedly the largest interest of
the nation, has not a Department or a bareau but
a clerkship only assigned to it in the (inverts
meet. While it is fortunate that Ibis great in.,
terest is ea independent in its nature as to not
have demanded and extorted more from the Gov
eminent, I respectfully ask Congress to email&
er whether something more cannot be given vol
untarily with general advantage.
Annual reports exhibiting the condition of
our agriculture, commerce and manufacture,
would present-a fund of Information of great
practical value to the country.. While 1 . make
no suggestion as to details, I ventnte!die Opinibn
that an Agricultural and Statistical buil/int:tight
profitably be organized.
The execution of the laws for the suppression
of the African Slave Trade, has been confided to
the Department of the Interior. It ie a subject of
congratulation that the efforts which have been,
made for the suppression of this inhuman traffic_
have been recently attended with unusual gun
rest. Five vessels being fitted out for the slave
trade have been seized end condemned. Two
mates of vessels engaged its the trade, and one
person engaged in equipping a slaver, have beta
convicted and subjected to the penalty of fine
and imprisonment and one•mtplain taken with
a cargo of Atricant on board his vessel, has bean
convicted of the highest grade of offence under
our. laws, the punishment of which is death.'
The Territories of Colorado, Denote and Nevada,
created by the last Congress, have been organiaed,and
civil administration has been inaugurated therein, Inv
der auspicepeepecially gratifying, when it is cond.
fiend thatthe leaven of treason was found existing In.
some of thesehew countries when the Yederel officers
arrived there. 'The abundant native resourcimof thew
territories, with the security and guntiootlon offered by,
an orgsoisteli - OtiVerrituent„ will doubtless invite to
incur a largaggiiition, when peace shalt nature Lbw
business of tbk abuotry to its accustomed channels.
.1 submit ttkoraselittiona oc the Legielatore of Colo
rado, which evidence thepatriotfa sprltof the people
of te• Terrhory..
80. far the authatty of the United States hes been tip.
held in tte Terrlc , ries, no it Ic hoped it will be to
the I. into. 1 commend their luterests and defence to
abe enliebtatied alba 681Letiin* Carl. of Congress.
I recommend it. the feaonslile onoeitieration of Con
gre.lia taw stet's:Nests of the Ihstrict efAliffutublia. Tee
tuantrvatue lime ban the cause of much eriffertng sod
ice inhabitants, au4 a , &Lei -have no . repro
..a.littAtive iii Lloolgraw'you attach' not" ovaleo4 their
jest claclaim'ai, holm she•Gl.slWlll.ooo . /...
Aty..ur revalotitOn'tese adopted.
, „, lee y,seu.i.....tit'fcruticeleititintree tor Actin*
, pr.,.. e r rareautlido•l Of the eidostrt haemostat
, :•••to tee, uttlip Nglabition of the industry
• : all tistione.t /vVhol.ie att , uelyuiotaeyear
r i p a.sy, noatilirto zive persiseal es.
coestrin to 1110,01001k4alukp54cauce...., h ow
limn told si.sslekttlasAta , f Ooh
..14:6I141 4 00 , ,41-
set :hay cia raj of , fba leteritii; p
es . e.ene! eea 11itod t ailli „partly • into '
heir. t•l'AfSre'islia. • . •
Ind 4 and by vlrtutrof thaskekti!, .
iILOLAIntO cODUMlAPaviee4l',lisien. is the
• em
RIM