MlSlNks''Am"UtiK
ftb'ttittlt.....2ltibtrti.scr..
'RCVS DUSOCRATIO nuxonts ewes TO LEAD, we clas
1O rouo '
WM. M. BRESLIN, Editor and Proprietor
LEBANON, PA.
WEDNESDAY, JULY 24, 1661
* The Democracy have already
vindicated their love for the Union,
the Constitution, and the enforcement
of the laws, as fully, freely, and sin
cerely as any Republican can, hence,
it comes with a bad grace from the
latter to question the Sincerity of the
former, as they are doing daily. Be
cause men differ us to the means that
should be employed in accomplishing
the desired object, is no reason that
either is lacking in loyalty or patri
otism.
Atir Gen. Patterson hae been super
seded In the command of the Depart•
anent of Virgihia by Gen. Bank 4,
Genet.al Dix has been ordered to Bal
timore in place of Gen. Banks.
mak. It is rkported that Governor
Sprague was killed in tht battle or
Bull's Run, oa Thursday.
Siir The Pepuhlivans are determin
rid to take care of Forney :and his
crowd. He was iio Sniffler defeated
the House, hut they elected him
:Sorretary of lite Sonate. It .would
he very ungroemi in l'ht-tit . if they
were to ignore him alter the impor
tant services he hos rendered them.
air The Southern papers are as
egregi , msly dveeived by reporters 0 8
we of the North are. The Leesburg
papers are inrrmed that the Union
loss in the Bulls Head engagen►ent,
on Thursday, was 2300 killed and
4000 wounded. It says that its an
th.ority is reliable.
05r The Rebel Congress met in
Rieb,mond on Saturday.
arr. It is said that the election of
Forney, as Secretary of the Senate,
marks the triumph of the Presiden
tial aspiration of Gen.- Cameron, on
the Republican side, who is training
for the race of 1864, by feathering
the nests of his friends a' long way
in advance.
Otr Among the killed at, the bat
tle of Bull Run, on Thursday ; Col,
Cameron, brother of Seeretar,y Cam-
.oroll - , is reported
Isig.T. Madison Cutts, father of
Senator Douglas' widow publishes a
card, by desire of that lady, request
ing the friends of the departed states
man - not to raise contributions for
the support of herself and children.
Mr. Cutts is able and willing to pro
vide for them.
Tux TARIFF.—As we understand
the Washington dispatches, the new
Tariff bill has passed the House sub
stantially as reported by Mr. Stevens,
leaving the duties on Iron, Steel, and
most Textile Fabrics , its they now
stand,largely increasing those on Sit
gar, Salt, Wines, and Distilled Liq
uors, and imposing pretty heavy rates
on Tea, Coffee, Cocoa, and Chocolate.
Such are the principal features of
the bill as it goes to the Senate. •
*VP Tho Committee of Ways and
Means have prepared a bill providing
l'or a direct tax and' internal duties,
which will at once be submitted to
Congress. This bill imposes a tax of
530,000,000 on, real estate and slaves.
distributed through the States and
Territories, the proportion of Penn
sylvanite being 82,920,079. The nee.
(henry Assessors and Collectors arc
provided fur. The bill ilia° proposes
to tax stille r boilers, and other e ten
*Ha used in distilling spirituous
gaol's, 1. cents on every gallon of ea
parity. Fermerited and malt liquors
are to ho taxed 5 cents on a gallon,
and spirituous liquors 10 cents un a
gallon. Vehieles used eXclusivoly for
transportation of merchandise are to
be free, but carriages are to he taxed,
those valued at $5O are to be taxed
61.; those over $l,OOO will toe taxed
$5O, with ihtermcdiale r;!tes- in pro
portion to the valinc ,:!' vehicle,
A RemnviscENcE DAT+. 1*
NULIIFIcATION.—A prnininclit gen
tleman of Pennsylvania, of un4nes
tionable authoril,y, relates the tollow
ing reminiscence of the days of Nul
iification
Mt seems that Governor Letcher,
of Kentucky, who sympathized with
the Nullifiers in 1832, called upon
General Jackson to learn, if possible,
what the General intended to do to
wards crushing Calhoun's conspiracy
against the Union. The Governor
opened the subject mildly, and Jack
son only answered by tellinf , . Letcher
to read a certain instrument of writ :
ingDo the table kfore them. Letell
er read it,:and found it in be a war.
rant for the execution or John C. Cal
Noun. 'But, my dear General, piu
don't intend to carry out what this
paper calls for '?"Governor Letelier,„
is my name, signed t that paper
I Yes, General, it is.' !Very well, Gov
ernor Letcher, it is very seldom 114;0
I sign papers, eff,l,-. -
Gevernor, look on, the lert 4-oroer
the paper ;is the seal nl thi United
States to it 7' Irk Gov.
error Letcher yisited [holt ar
ter he left Genersi Jackson''and await"
ening him out of 'his sleep, related to
IS his interview with ,Tarkvon.—
, .
Governor Leteher allrged that Mr.
Calhoun assumed the appearance of
a ghost when he heard what General
Jackson intended to do, and Nullifica
tion lost all its venom trom that hour.
General Jackson said on his death bed
that he had only one thing to regret,
and that was that ho did not bang
John 0. Calhoun."
WAs . rn or WHisicny.—We learn by let
ter from Martinsburg that General Wil
liams, recently made what the boys called
a monster toddy by tpocking out the
heads of two hundred and. fifty barrels of
new "old rye," alias corn whiskey, at the
still owned by Lieutenant , Col. Stuart, of
the Confederate forces, and pouring most
of it into a neighboring brook. A guard
was at first put over it to protect it, but
the smell of the whiskey. was .so strong
that it overpowered thedi atid they slept
on their posts. Then came the thirsty
ones. and their name was legion; and
drank of the liquor with evil consequences
to themselves and the public. Hence the
General's great toddy making. •• .
PERILOUS BALLOON ADVENTURE
Narrow Escape of the Aeronaut
Several balloon ascensions took place
in Boston on the 4th inst., in honor of the
day. The wind being seaward, the air
ships were carried out in that direction;
and their passengers, alighting in the wa
ter,' were near being drowned. One of
these incidents is thus described in the Bos
ton Transcript:
," The Queen ofthe Air,' conveying Mr.
Seth Si.hmons, Jr., whO was in charge of
the balloon, Mr. E.. 8. Eiaskell, one of the
reporters for the Herrild, arose almost in
a straight line for some distance, when an
upper stratum of air caught it, and it was
wafted to East Boston, and seaward to
ward INahant. Ballast was thrown, out,
and the hatoon ascended higher, but the
current -of air, which baffled a few points
Wand on, still tended eastward and sea
ward. Under such discouraging circum
stances it was thought best by .Mr. Sim
mons to try the lower strata of, the atmos
phere again, and a sufficient quantity! a
gas let off - kw that purpose. But the wind
remained firm from a western direction,
and seeing some small vessels in the wa
ter below, it was determined—rather
than run the risk of descending involunta-,
rily on the broader surface of the Atlantic
—to come down and trust to Providence
for safety.
Just as the balloon was about to touch.
the water, it encountered the light . breeze
playing along the cast of the little waves,
(for the ocean wasWhusually calm,), and
it was first slowly, and afterwards with
great swiftness, dragged along the surface.
Messrs Simmons and Haskell were
both thrown down at the moment the bas
ket touched the wad', and the :latter was
hove out. ..Mr. Simmons seiz d hold of
the hoop, and, more than half immersed in
the witer, was dragged along. Mr, Has
kell caught : one of the lanyards pendant
from the top of the balloon, and held on to
it with most tenaciot,sitrasp.
H.• was assisted by Mr. Simmons, and
was thus dragged through the water for a
couple of miles, which distance was accom
plished—according to the account given
by the parties who were instrumental in
their rescue—in the space of ten minutes.
Providentially the-crew of the schooner
Atlantic, bound to Bangor, saw the acci
dent to the balloon, and put about to inter
cept it in its career over the ocean; and
specially providential was it that .the
schooner was dir, ctly in jhe way of the
balloon as it came along, which drove up
against her stem. At the moment (icon
tact, Mr. Simmons let gothe basket, and
succeeded in getting On board the schoOn
er. Mr. Haskell was forced by the con
cussion' to relinquish his' - grasp of the hal
yard r Of the balloon, and he drifted astern.
But, being a good swimmer, and, above
all, having good heart in his great extrem
ity, he threw himself on his back, and, al
lowed himself to float on the tide, without
making any effort to swim hack to the
schooner. He felt Confident that nothing
would be left to ,accomplish hiS 'rescue at
the earliest possible moment—and it was
well; for had he struggled during half the
time he was subsequently fatpd to be in
the water, he would have exhausted him
self and been drowned.
The schooner's crew lowered a boat to
go to the rescue of Hatkell, but in the
haste ofdoing so ir was swamped, and one
man who was on board pitched out. He
unfortunately drilled in an opposite direc
tion from that in which Mr. Haskell was
floating, and the crew of the Atlantic had
to bail out.their boat and save their own
companion before going to the rescue of
Mr. Haskell.
By the time preparation was made 10
go after him with 'a boat, Mr. Haskell bad
been nearly three-quarters of an hour in
the water.- But.the yacht ul!%•t, which
happened to be cruising in the neighbor
hood, and whose crew saw the accident
and Mr. Haskell's extremity; Came up be 7
fore the boat from the'. At lantic reached
him, and picli,d hini,up, He was some- .
what tired, but not over-exhausted. The
Mist also took off from the schooner' his
companion voyager in air and water, and
carried them to Nahants'•'
GREAT BATTLES!
Fight at Buil Rum
IV %sun:atom JulY 19
The first engagement of any character
in Eastern .Virginia during 'this campaign
took place at Bull's Run, four miles south
ofCentreville, yesterday.. ' •
Previous to the approach- of our army
to Centreville, the nemy had retreated to
Bull Run, a few mile:: further south, and
.had taken a very strong position, not a
great distance from 'Manassas. Junction.
The Fourth Brigade of Gen:. Tyler's
Division, under command of
Richardson,-of the Michigan Volunteers,
consisting of the Second and Third. Mich
igan, the First Massachusetts,- and the
Twelfth New York regimetitkied the
march in advane of t 'entrevilW,lifilgt after
our occupation of that, place.
They we.e escorted ,by two hundred
cizyalry, under Capt. A.. G. Brackett, for
reconno;;ZTing purposes: ...
On arriving at the height opuosite Bull
Run, in the rear oft" - entreviile, they 13 - mnd
a long slope toterv,ning and'the dis.
to on the edge of the woOds, the " ene
my could be seen. "
Gen. Tyler sent loran artillery force, for
the purpose of dislodging them. WM n
the gurai arrived, they were rapidly served
by -Lieutenants Bahhitt. and. BenjaMin.
The first shell dislodged'a-body of Cavalry
from a grove; a mile and a halfdistant; an
other of our batteries soon came up, and
aided our fire.
The action commenced at half-past
twelve o'clock, but the enemy did not re
ply for half an hour, though they could be
seen concentrating their forces from Ma
nassas.
At I p.m., their battery of four guns
opened, and shell and grape shot fell thick
and hot amour ,. us. Two privates of
Brackett's Cavalry b were dismounted by
the first fire.
Col. Richardson's Brigade then began to
reconnoitre the woods, with a view to
taking the enemy'S guns in the rear if pos
sible. Massachusetts Regiment led the
van, followed by the Michigan Second, the
New York Twelth deploying to the ex
treme right . and dashing into the woods
from the slope in beautiful style.
For a shorn ti me all was still, and Gen.
Tyler thought the enemy was retreating,
but in a few minutes a terrific volley of
musketry Opened upon us. •
This continued but a few minutes, when
our troops appeared on the edge of the
woods bringing but the dead and wounded
to ambulances in the field.
Captain Brackett says the firing of the
musketry exceeded anything he ever saw
in Mexico.
After the mistake was discovered, the
howitzers were served until the ammuni
tion was exhausted. The; artillery was
dragged out of the field by hand, all the
horses having been killed.
Our main column then advanced, firing
on the enemy withertilleA),l,64 great (Hasa,.
vantage, while theMiotgcl on us with
fearful effect. Four companies of the
Massachusetts Fifth Regiment, were ex
posed to the fire of the enemy from three
positions. They stood their ground un
til they got into the cross fire of the Mich
igan Second,.when.they retired in much
disorder.
Two of our howitzers came on the ene
my, but did not fire, supposing them to
b:. friends. Our men suffered terribly from
the fire of our own musketry upon them
by mistake.
*Jur forces were fired on in retreating,
but General Tyler, on the hill, covered the
retreat somewhat with artillery fire. The
Michigan 2d and New York 12th suffered'
most.
For anehour the final cannonading on
each sid was tremendous. • The enemy
had eight guns in their batteries.
Our loss is estimated at one hundred
and fifty killed and wounded.
The rebel loss is believed to be severe.
It is impossible to forward the names of
those killed and wounded.
The civilians had a. busy time dodgina
the balls and shells. The :day was hot,
and no water could be obtained; nor were
there rations on hand for the half-dead
men who came out: of the battle.
W SHI NGT ON, July l9.—Colonel Rich
ardson, Representative from Illinois, ar
rived here at 2 o'clock to-day from the
seat of war. Up to the time he left Bull
Run, (3 this morning.) there had been no
general fight since yesterday at 6. There
were, however, occasional shots by skir
mishers on both sides. 7 -
' Gen. McDowell informed Mr. Richard
son that he should first examine the loca
tion of the enemy's batteries, their extent,
etc , before again engaging the foe.
It is Col, McClernand's belieffrom what
he ascertained while at the seat of, war,
that the Confederates had yesterday up
wards of 50 00) men at the Junction, or
who could be there concentrated:
The report of certain special correspon
dents, that the capture of Manassas J unc
tion was announced in Congress to-day is
simply untrue.
N. B. —We have information from a
gentleman direct from the field of battle of
Thursday, who states that our loss of
killed is at least-500.
ANOTHER BATTLE
WASHINGTON, July 21
A most severe battle was fought to
day at ''Bull Rub 'bridge. The con
fact Wag tieSperate,lasting over nine
hours., At half past -2' .this morning
the various regiments about - "Centre:
v ille were formed for march. At three
they were in motion in the direction
of PetrytilleileaVihg Bull Ran to the
left. At six o'clock the first gun Was
fired by a 30 pound rifled canneti,
sent ahead to batter the masked bat.
tcries that 'be encountered:on
the road'. 'There was ne reply" from
the . 'enemy, and the. adiran ce M eyed 'on
to Gen. AtTowell's 'headquarters, '3
miles beyond Centreville.
For five hourS One steady column
of troops passed threugh Centreville.
The programme, 'a§` stated '"above
was carried out, until the troops met
:with a succession of masked batte
ries, which were attacked. with vigor
and success; after a severe losS of life.
The Secretary bf War has received
a dispatch that fighting was renewed
at' "Bath, Run this mornim.t.. Our
troops engaged the enemy' with a
large force, and silenced their; batte
ries,.aiid 'drove the Secessionists. to
Manassas Junction. The.cityiis wild.
wi th-joy.
. .
Firing: was heardi in thia - .city •to.
day from:Abe direction of Bull Run,
from o'clOcic• There
was then a cessation till. nearly 5,
and at f: this,,evening the; reverbera
tion of-tiantion wak:stilfandible.
A gentleman ) .arrived to-night, says.
at ihree o'clock !this afternoon , lhe
second and third? New Jersey Regi ,
merits were ordered to ;numb for
ward from Vienna, firstsending back
their baggage to Camp Trenton. Oth
er troops .were hurrying, forward to
the scene of hostilities, and there is
much military excitement and bustle
in theAirection of .all the crimps.
LATELt
A report ; notoffieial i - but from an
apparently reliable source, says that
the column under Ileintzelman has
followed the rebels to Manassas June...
!ion, and ; bas opened ire upon, their
entrenched:camp, and was then :shell,
ing them.-
The cannonading , can occasionally
be heard ; in Washington from George.
tow n J.-jeights. ; , - -
_lnformation was received by Ty
ler's command of the. existence of
the enemy's battery commanding the
road. Our troops were then formed
battlearra,y, the, Second New York
and. Second Ohio on the left; the See.
ond•Ohie and Second Wisconsin and
Seven ty-Ninth,„Thirteenth, and Six.
ty-Ninth New York on the right.-- 7
Col. Miles' :division followed in the
rear, • first range gun : was was:.
by Sherman's battery at ten minutes
of seven. The rebels did not return
his shot until an hour and a half af
terwards, when Hunter's division
came up, and the battle became gen
eral.
The enemy's position was opened
on by several of Carlisle's howitzers,
followed by slight skirmishing.
The rebels rapidly received rein
forcements from Manassas Junction
after the attack was opened.
The hattle . consisted'in a Succession
.of fires from masked batteries, which
opened in every direction+. When one
was silenced its place was supplied by
two. Daring charges were made by
our infantry in unmasking them.
The Second Ohio and Second NeW
York militia were marched by the
flank through the woods..by a new
made road, when they came on a bat.
Wry of 8 guns, with four regiments
flanked in the rear.,
Our men were inintediately ordered
to lie down on either side of the road
in order to allow two pieces of artil
lery to pass through and attack the
work; when their battery opened
upon us.
~„
Our troops were kept for fifteen or
twenty minutes under a galling fire,
not being able to exchange shots with
the enemy, although within a stone's
throw of their batteries. They sue:-
eeeded:in retiring in regular order,
and with 'their battery.
The most:gallant Charge of the day
was made by the New York Sixty-
Ninth,Seventy-Ninth and Thirteenth,
who rushed up upon one of the bat
teries, firing as they proceeded, with
perfect:eclat,. and attacking it with
the bayonet's point. The yell of tri•
uinph seemed to carry all before it.—
They found that the rabels had aban
doned the battery, only taking one
gan, but this success was acquired on
ly after a severe loss of life, in which
the Sixty-ninth most severely suffer
ed, and it was reported that the Lieu
tenant Colonel was amongst the first
killed.
The 74511a5 - es also. distinguished
themselves by their spirited assaults
on the batteries at the point of the
bayonet, but it is feared that their
loss is immense.
Up to the hoar of 3 o'clock, p. m.,
it was generally Under Stood that we
had hemmed in,the enemy- entirely,
and that they Were gradually retir
ing; that _Hunter had driven them
back in rear, and that Heintzel
man's commuted was meeting with
every success, and' that it required
but the reserves of Tyler's division to
push on to Manassas Junction.
A MiB.§issippian seas taken prisoner
by Hasbrouck, of the WisconSin-See
otid. He turned out,to be Brigadier
Quarter Master Pryor, cousin of Ro•
ger A. Pryor. He was captured with
his horseas. he
.by accident rode into
our lines. - `lb.discovered himself by
remarking to Hasbrouck ::—L"We - are
,
getting b;ati;7 cut to:pie'em"
"What regiment do you belong to,"
asked Hasbrouck.
"The 19th .gississippi," was the
answer.
"Then you are, my prisoner," said
Hasbrouck. a
From the statements of this pris
oner it appears that our artillery has
caused groat havoc among the rebels,
of whom there are from thirty thou
sand to forty thousand in.the field un
der command of Beauregard, while
they have a reserve of seventy.five
thousand at the Junction.
He describes an offieer most prom
inent in the fight, distinguished from
the rest by his white horse, as .Teff..
confirms the previous report,of
a regiment
s of negro_ troops, in the
rebel forces, but says it is difficult
to get - them in proper , discipline in
battle array.
The position of the enemy extend,
ed - in three lines in the 'limn of a tri
angle,, the apes fronting the, centre of
oar column. The area seems to hare
been filled by masked batteries,
, OS.Zts .
4 11 1 " 11 , .41.54v;.-
-t - 2 1 0 610,
D m The wh °le c0n.p . 47.-was thrown
into an•intense state of excitement
on Monday by the .rec'eipt of intel=
ligence th'at cur army had received a
teyi . 'ible repulse at or near Igannag
sas Junction.
Our army SV (LS gradually but Stead
ily driving the, enemy towards Man=
assas, when the enemy seemed to be
reinforced by Gon. Johnston, and im
mediately commenced driving our
troops back. A panic then took
place it is said among tbe teamsters
of the army, who happened te be but
of their place, who communicated
their fright. to the soldiers; anda reg
ular stampede took place. General
McDowell. ineffectually endeavored
to rally the troops suecessiVely at Ceti.
trey ill e and at Fairfax Court Ilous'e.—
They threw away their guns, knap
sack,:and everything and kept up the
retreat,to Alexandria. When the hat
tie commenced the enemy's effective
force was 30,000", hui =by reinforce.
nients from Richrnond and oilier ph
ear. they had 00,000 effectiVe men:
Our. army. was about 50,000 strong.
Our loss is reported at from 2,500 to
3,000, but the stragglers are coming
in rapidly and it, is thought that the
loss is not so , great. ,
It is also reported that
,Bbermarre
Battery, and others were: taken by
the enemy, but this report is contra;
dieted. `Th'e retreat of the army to
Alexandria is also contradicted,' a
successful stand and rally having
been effected at Centreville. .
There. is great exci tetnent and mel
oncboly-,in Washington, but no dan.
ger is apprehended, as the fortifiea
tions are in good order and effectiVe
ly . manned. •Gen. Mc.Clellen has ,
been appointed. to ,the command of
the Army of the Potomac.
in the impulse of the moment ma
ny things are greatly exaggerated and
we have no doubt, when- the facts are.
received.they .be as bad. as
these first reports.
LETTER FROM MISSOURI
For "the Advert iee r.
Sincerity and Eton64ty "Of the sebels-•-Plana
to Accomplish their Pumposes as 'Exempli
fied in 'Miaow:al.-41ov , Goa, Jaokson was
"Going to take the State out, or take her
to Hell."
LOUISIANA, Missouri, July 10,1861
Wm. M. BnEsmy, Esu.:—While, at last, we
have rest from the fearful and alarming exeize
[rent to which we huve been subjected during the
last six weeks, I will giVe you a few ideas con
cerning this rebellion,as deduced from facts and
experience.
While I assured you, a few weeks ago, that
Missouri• would remain in the Union we expected
the ordeal through which we knew she mustpass
to bete severe one, but felt confident in our hopes
that she would rise from the fathomless chasm in
which secession Would seek - to damn her, cleans
ed of her dross, stripped of her traitors-and their
treason, and in her regenerated purity haste . to
the shrine of Columbia to renew her vow of al
legiance, her burning tears of penitence
iridclii
bly marking - the record, and with the folds of the
stars and stripes entwining her, conscious of her
strength under their protection, and resuming
her position tdion an 'immovable rock, calmly de.
fying the surging billows-of secession encom
passing her, she would force her voice through
the raging storm, and in her charity and kind.
ness canto her sisters to return speedily to their
old love, and'-to drive from amongst them the
devils who,
in the guise of friends, have deceived
them unto destruction.
I will allow you and your host of intelligent
readers to make their own deductions from a
narration of facts which I shall give you regard
ing the plans for subverting the General Govern
ment, as shown in the State of Missouri, for the
same means were employed in all the seceded
States, varied only to suit circumstauees.
In January last our Legislature passed a Con
vention bill and authorised an election of Dele
gates to meet at Jefferson City on the 28th of
February.
This Convention was to constitute the last link
in.the grand vhetne of i
apcess. Simultane
ously with the passagetho"Convention Bill
a cabal of Legislative traitors selected the candi
dates to run in the several Districts, nearly eve.
ry man a Secessionist under a Union guise which
the first toward breeze was to blow awayl such
candidates issuing addresses to their several pre.
ducts, bearing in their composition a determina
tion to be elected at all hazards. The convert,
tion met according to programme, but - In l only
thirty two of their men appeared, to meet the
honest countenances of sixty six Un ion Dela.
gates, whom the people had sent to thwart the
hellish purposes of this rebel 'Legislature. The
result of the Convention was that- the "biter was
bit." No Secession. Ordinance was passed, the
Georgia Commissioner, who was sent there jo
show them "how" to secede, was hastily sent
home with n "reply" that utterly bewildered him.
After reading a wholesome lecture to the afore
said comtnissinner, the committee of the Convert-
Halloo which was referred the matter of the
Georgia Commissioner conclude by submitting
five resolutions,. from Which I copy :
"Resolved by the people of Missouri in, Conven
tion assembled :
Ist. That the communication made to this Cons
ven lion by the Hon. Luther J. Glenn, as a Com
missioner from the State of Georgia, so far as it
asserts the constitutional rights of secession,
meets with our disapproval. .
4th. That the Convent:lOn exhorts Georgia, and
the other seceding States to desist.from the revo
lutionary measures commenced by them, and
unite their voice with ours in restoring peace and
cementing the Union of our Fath r ers."!
A great squirming among the Secessionists
followed the reading of these resolutions, and
seeing no hopes for them in this Conv'ention they
sought its speedy termination, that they might
try a new game. This they preluded by the cre
ation of a State Serpent, (or Journal, as it was
otherwise called) which. was to sting and poison
the people, to whose firesides it was to find its
way in a variety of shapes and pretexts. Min
isters of dbe. Gospel had only to furnish their
names and the paper would be sent-them gratis—
their minds once poisoned, it wee supposed the
virus would be disseminated through the congre
gations. All legal and State adVeriisenients, and
all local-le:el notice? in St,' Tionis city and coon:
ty were required to be inserted- in this 'State
Journal by legislative enactment. By law men
had to feed this viper. that was intended for their
own destruction.
Prior to President Lincoln's first Proclamation
we had comparative quiet, although there
,were
frequent evidences - of an actiye undercurrent of
Seeession elements, such as companies of men'
drilling in secluded places; carrying: arms and
ammunition hither an ntbither at midnight, oust
ing aill Union men froua office, that. could' be
reached by the GovOrnor, and commissioning
disunion men to take their places, .te. Upon
the—President's call for 75,000 troops and the
warlike tendencies of the Government, a special
session of the Legislature was called. (Here let
me remark that the insult shown the President
by our dastardly Governor, in refusing to pro.
claim to the people of, this State the fact of the
requisition upon them f a r 4,1100 troops is repelled
and - diselaiined by five-sixths of the inhabitants
of Missouri,
.as the next requisition : . made will
show.) Tbe extra session of the. State Assem
bly, showed clearly that the rebels:ever since the
adjoUrritnentof the Convention, had:been shay
leg-things-consistently With the prospective Mil
nary Bili that was passed at the extra sessiog.—
An encampment of troops., here and "there through -
out the State was to constitute the hueleus around
which Secession . was; to gather its forces, and
when preperly armed and drilled, the Military
Lair was to be serVed isut to then and at the'
wordMissOuri was to'glide out into -Paradise.—
Never was a rnefumie mote effective.dn
with burning intensity and fierceness- the. honest
anger of a' nation of freemen: In its hollowness
and repulsivelvickedness it is the reflection of
the cowardly fiends who devised it. It commands •
all troops.;within the State to ”swear allegiance
to the 'State of Missouri and ofsedienee to the
Governiti and the tifficers'appointed under him."
All troopsrettising the oath to be disbanded and
their arms,•returned to. the State. The assessors
throughodt thaSidie*ersi required to enrol ail
men between 18 and 45'years of administer
the above oath "and in ease refusal .a fine of
of one hundred and fifty dollars,. was to be im
posed, an obstinate refusel to pay which brought
the offender`Within the, mereies of eighteen elan.'
see in the Bill, defining the offerile, and proclaim
ing Jilin a deserter, with the penalty of "being'
shot," attached, . Thus you ape, -all the arms in
the State were to be held by . the State, and all
the troops in the State wire, to be bound to give'
obedience to the State, the Governor and the of
ficers under him. Who cannot see the tendency
of this scheme? On the 10th of May the nest
egg known am'Camp Jaekson,.an encampment at
St. Louis, was captured by Lyon and Blair, eight
hundred men taken to the arsenal, as prisoners,
and a number of cannon, ammunition, &c.; and
now was inaugurated a - vigorous and". effective
policy on the part of the . Government- to crush
out-rebellion in this State with a strong hand.—.
The rebels beaten at every move, now saw that
their existence lay in desperation. The Gayer- •
nor sought by a treacherous agreement, withEar
ney to quiet the suspicions of the. Union forces
that in the interval might secretly prepare for
a final and despeinteistruggle. The correspond.
ence ut Booneville and Jefferson City, show the,
dirty work that our dignified and cowardly Gov
ernor wits engaged in. lie finds a pliant tool in
the President of. the. 'State 'Bank - of Missouri,
who with the ; otber Banks holds $500,000; which
rightfully should.be paid over to-the State bond
holders fis interest; and ishowrites to Gdy. Jades .
son that has %e'en . wartiestliot:to appropriate
the mopes , to the furtherance oaf Jackson's .pur
poses, but continues thus, in his eonAdmit/a( .note
to the Governor:—
.
i 'Ncer,,' while I wish CO furnish* you • With the
money; I *i:sh.sO OA° it: as to 'be; able to ahem'
thet W.B have merely complied with the law, Arc:"
And concludes, by saying. t'lboye disobliged the
U. Oovernment," &c. ' c.,"iind Ido not wish
to give them an excuse for ..puuishing me for . it.
Respectfully,
BORRRT,A. BA,MICES.'
'Now I eve you alittle. note fremi the Gover
nor to, Geri. .Price of the sane• date as the above,
(MAY 9.01).
"Undnr the existing state of things 'it occurs
to 'lite that the $500,000" 'which the Banks have
agreed to advance to the State should ha sent at
once_ by them, to this
,place, (Jefiersoit City) and
put in the Treasury," ,Le., •
"There is no telling lidie.soon Martial Lae/ *ill'
be proclaimed in St.:Louif,lo. in such an event
our money
,w,ould: be cut off from us et once. I
hare written to Barnes` oil .the subject," • le.--
I begletiti niir• dint Sir, 48 iteis them. (the 'Bank"
Presidents) all, at once, and urge them. to Act in
stanter. .Let ; no one know anything about it anti/
it is, effected. Yours ' -"' '
C. F: JACkSON."
Like highway robbers and murderers these men
were. secretly, 'concocting and .substantially ma
taring a Jilin .foi the ruin and 'destruction of
their Mende and foe§ and the blasting 'of the
State, which an honest and betrayed' community
confidedto their charge. ,
• • -
Arrangements e we re being, g made for the ex,eelltion
of the Military
.Law 'Union men were threaten
ed with fire and.dcatti 'and n reign of terror fair
iy•inaugurpted. Wasieptfor, the , lastiw,omonths
with
,io'ntied guns at our bedsides
.
,
'at nighfur iu , day. time aottbrise be confident of
our- safety: Neighbor-turned against nolgishor.
and brother against brotter, and those who but
a short time ago were our warm friends menaced
us with bowie-knife and revolver. Old men, who
sung the anthems of our glorious Union long be
fore some of these rebel villains were unfortit.
natelrhorn,*ent not beyond their own doors af.
ter nightfall' unaccompanied by their loaded
guns, - Members of churches refused to shake
hands with, pr to recognize their Union fellow
wershippers. The business places of loyal men
were shunned as Vipers' dens, and such a spirit
of intense animosity was manifested as would
soon have exhausted the forbearance of. Union
men, and in their just despetution, they would
have arisen in their might,and exterminated ev
ery rebel in our ;midst. . - The energy o f Lyon,
however, has slain the serpent, arid the Conven
tion to meet at Jefferson City on the 22d inst., is
to provide us a government, and we will then
speedily have peace Within our borders, and the
destiny of Missouri fixed.
Now, Mr. Editor, do you suppose there is any
honesty of purpose with the leaders of this re
bellion 7.' Do yen Suppose they arc sincere in the
causes they set up to justify their rebellion ? Do
you suppose they would entertain any preposi
tions of compromise? Then would you suppose
that we would make tenders of compromise to
fiends who lack only the opportunity, and the as•
surance of safety fur their own carcasses, to shoot
you down as they would dugs? The Bbuth will
listen to no .comproMise. We of the Border
States want none. No sir, the issue is upon us—
this rebellion, this most unholy conspiracy insti
tuted without a cause or plausible pretext, against
a good government, most be put dowu, the Union
must be maintained. Through the dreaded nec
essity, war, this rebellion must he wiped out and
war we w ill have. - Te have wasted our forbear
ance on compromises and as we more perfectly
understand the character of this rev:.'it we despise
and detest the very name of compromise'. We
must have speedy and energetic war, to a sad
cessful termination, or the unconditional surren
der of the traitors, and the entire and absolute
relinquishment of their purposei, endorsed by
their speedy acknowledgment of the poteriey and
ParEnunency of the quite& States Government,
and oneness ' of this fatally of
States, as cemented. under the . Constitution.
Speech of MT.- Breokinritire.
In the U. S. Senate, on Tuesday,
the 15th inst., the resolution affirming
of , the acts of the PreSident being Un
der consideration, Mr, Breekbridge,
of Kentucky, proceeded to speak
at length in opposition :
He said under ordinary circumstances he might
content himself simply with a vote; but now he
thought it required to give expressien to his
views. It was proposed by resolution-to declare
the acts of the President approved.. The-rainlu
thin, in its face, seems to admit that the acts of
the President were not performed in accordance •
with the Constitution and the If that were'
the ease, then he would be glad to have some
rea
son assigned showing the, power of Congress to
indemnify the President for: a breach of the con
stitutien. He denied that one branch of the gov
ernment can indemnify public-officers in another
branch for violation of the constitution and laws.
The powers conferred on the government by . the 111
people of the States are the measure of its au- 1
thority. These powers are confided to different 1
departments and their boundaries are determined.
The President has rights and powers ; conferred
and the Legislative Department its powers and
Judicial Department its powers, and be denied
that either can encroach on the other 'or indem
nify the other for usurpations of the power con
fided by the constitution. Congress beano more
right to make constitutional the-unconstitutional
acts, of the President than the. President to make
valid the acts of the Supreme Court, encroaching
on the executive power, or the Supreme Court to
make .valid an act of the executive encroaching
on the judicial power. The resolution substan
tially declares that Congress may add to the con
stitution or take frmil it in a manner not provid
ed:by that instrument ; that' a. bare majority
can by resolution make that constitutional
which is, unconstitutional by the same authority;
so whatever view the power vented by this
resolution is utterly subversive of 'the constitu
tion. It might be well to ask if the President
had assumed power not conferred. He, should
confine himself to the acts enumerated in the res
olution, gets which he declared to be usurpations
on= the- • part of the Executive ;. and so far
from , approving the acts he thought this high
officer should be rebuked by both houses of
,Con
gress..' The President has jut trabilifished block.'
add:S. • IVhereAs the clause- in ..th'e Constitution
which autherizes it ? The last Congress refused
to confer aqthority, and by what authority did
the President do it when they refused? The
Constitution declares that Congress alone have
power.te declare war, yet - the President has made
war. In the last session the Senator front
nuis (Doggies) delivered a speech, on the 15th
of Marcti, which he would read. He then read
an extract of Mt. Doggies' speech, declaring that
the President had no, right to. make a, blockade at
New Orleans or Charleston more than at Chicago.
He else-read fre t s, a speech of Daniel Webster,.
delivered in 1832, declarin githat, General Jackson
had no right to blockade Charleston. Ile „said.
he approved these sentiments uttered by these
eminent statesman, who 'were formerly regarded
as sound and theughttbe time would again come.
when it would not •oethotight`treason to maintain
them. The resolution proceeds 'to approve' the
act of the. Presideni enlisting men for three and
6.80 years. what authority of the , constitu
'Lion and jawhas hadone this? The power is not,
in the constitution nor granted by law. Tliere:: -
fore it wu't he illegal and `unconstitutional,-a
gain the President by his own will has added itn
m ensely to the, army . wifereas the constitution
says Congress_l4ollC have the power to raise ar
mies. Ho has also added to the navy against the'
warrantof thationstitutien. These nets are not
d efended on constitutional or legal grounds, and
be pronounced them tasurpations. This resolu
tion goes to recite that the President has sus
pended the writ of habeas corpus, and proposes
to ratify and make that valid. We have a great
deal of talk about rights—the rights of States,
the rights of - individuals, and some of them have
been said to 'be shadowy And imaginary, but the
right o( every citizen to be arrested only by war
rant or law, and hia, to hnve his body
brought before a 'jitdiel'al anthority, in order that
tire• grounds of Unit-arrest. May be de term i ned;on,
is te real sight:, There can .no dispute about,
that. It is the rightof 'rights to all—high, IoW,
rich - or pours It' is especially the right' of that
class. which his Excellency the President :calls.
plain people. It is a right, the respect for which
is a measure of progress and civilization. It is
a right that: has hem Struggled for, fought for;
guarded -by laWs. and backed up in constitutions.
To hove:maintained it by arms, to have suffered
for it, then to have it established on foundations
so immutable that the authpilty of the sovereign
could not shake it,; is the chief glory of the
:British people, from whom we derive it. In Eng
land the Legislative paler alone can suspend,,it.
The monarch of England cannot suspend that
right. But the translan tie freemen seem to-.be
eager to approve and ratify acts which' a Euro
pean monarch, dare not perform It needs no le
gal argument' to show that the President cannot
suspend the writ of habeas corpus, I contend my.
self, with referring tothefact, that it is classed
among the Legislative powers. 1;y. the .Coestitu.•
tionrt, and` that the article conferring pewees on
the President' touebes not the question. T . May ,
add that upon- no occasion has-it ever, been s t a.
sorted: in Congress, 80 far as I reeolleet that this
power exists on 'Mist - tart of the Execultivei, =On
one occasion Mr. Jefferson thought the tired, had
arrived' when-the writ might:ha suspended, hut
.1
he did not to do it h latself,in d did not
even recommend it. He submitted l.t to 'Con.
gress, and in the long' debates, Which- followed,.
there
,wes not the least intimation - that the power
belonged to the Executive. I then toiio, to the
constitutien;ancliiik Senators' from What clause,
they deduce the right, by any faireonstruction of
the instrument 'itself, what part
; confers the pois
on the President? Surely not that, &lease which,
erijoina"hith to' take care of the Constitution and
the' laws;andtfaithfully to 'execute ahem.' The
most eminent commentators of the !constitution
declare it to he a legistetive riglit 'The opinion
of the present Chief Justice, Which his 'never
been .answered, intakes all further. argument idle
and t astptarditous .;-, and one of. the, worst signs of
the weep is the manner iii which that opinion
hits been - received. A subordinate' military offi
cer in -Baltimore arrosta priiittat:eitizens and
confines him in a fortress. His friends gut a
writ of helmets corpus,, but, it, cannot be executed:
The - thief' Justice then ' - giires''irir opinian 'which
is commended,. -.not lanty.'hy t the profession of,
which heists° great an ,± ornament, ._hut .by , all,
thoughtful- men in the country.. The newspapers
or the 'coun'tiY; and the matt exalted by a violent=
'
passion -have- 'denounced the Chief -Justice.' hat
have not gnawered his opinion.: Therelt stands,'
one of those, productions which Will
,add to his
renown. '• The abuse of the press, need' the.-refti-'
s tn a a l it t e o' Yth e rt e h c i t rin ali tti . o th ia '9 ,lr,ioti;CeaT.ti.nd th ie e tlB B , tt - will Set.
recoil on these, men- I honor him forth e raga
c w ii at it
ith w!
d ieh,hs Ls, ditty, '
as weal ` as'fer' the
temperate annerm which herperfomed
it:. astglad he yet remains A1230 °
g q ma o
remarkable for,his honored length , cif .y e ars a
nd
his eminent ` public 'aerviiiei, aed for the rectitude
of his private life;That lio r innyt.ha , jhatly ranked.
. ai rt° 6 ll ttliuldat tanakdettalAtitericant of our day.
Yen propose to make this net of the President
valid without making a defence of it, either on
Itoyaler constitutional grounds. What would be
the effect? In thus approving what the President
, has done in the pastyou invite him to do the like
in the future, and the law of the country will he
prostrate e t the feet of the Executive and in hie.
discretion be may substitute the military power
for judicial authority. Again Mr. President, al
though there are few of us here who take-the view
of the constitution by this right, which I am ad
vocating to day, I trust we will not, under any
circumstances, fail to protest in temperate but
manly language against what we consider a user»
potion of the President. Let me call the.atteu-
Lion of the Senate briefly to other acts 'against
which I protest in the name of the constitution
and the people I represent. You have practical.
ly martial law all over this land. The house of
private citizen a are searched without warrant of
law. The right of the citizen to bear arras is
rendered nugatory by -their being taken from
them without judicial process, and upon mere
suspicion. Individuals are seized without legal
warrant, and imprisoutdd: . "Tho other day. since
Congress met a military offteerdp'Baltimore ap
pointed a marshal of that city. Will any man
defend the act? DJCS it not override all other
law ? Is it not substituting the rule of a milita
ry commander for laws of the land? What mere
authority had this officer to appoint marshal for
the city of Baltimore than he had to appoint a
pastor for one' of their congregation or a Press-.
dent for one of their banks ? The constitution
geoids the people against any seizure without a
warrant of judicial authority. Has not the Precis
dent of the United States, by one board, sweep
ing act, laid his hands upon the private corre
spondence of the whole community_? :Who de-.
fends it, as conformable to the Constitution ?
am told Sir—and if I had the power I would 0f...
for a resolution to inquire into it, in the name of
the public liberties—l am told that at this me.'
gent, in the jail in this city there are individuals'
who have beau taken by military authorities from'
Maryland and other States, and now tiebere andl
cannot get on:, and in SOME Iib9t...DCCIT they have ,
actually been forgoilCn• I was lo;- 4 in '
stance where a man was put in jail hero : Ina
gotten. MI friends made application at on . 4 `*".
the Departments, and they looked into the one
and found ffothing against him, and he was dis
charged. But in the rush of the events, the very
existence of thi..‘ man, and the cause of his im
prisonment, was forgotten. We may have the'
a joint resolution to approve these acts and make
thee/ valid, hut we cannot make them valid in
fact. I know that Congress,inthe exercise of its
legislative'functions 'may appropriate money, but
it hasteen expended by the President without
warrant of law. But whatever unconstitutional
act he natty have committed cannot be cured by a
joint resolution.
can
stands there and it will stand
forever. Nor can this Congress prevent a suc
ceeding CongressTroni holding any-otficer of the
government, responsible for a violation of the
constitution. I enumerate what I regard as the
usurpationi of the Executive, and against which
I wishto record the protest of those who are un
willing to see the constitution subverted, under
whatever pretext, necessity, or otherwise. Mr: IL
then re-enumerating the several acts in the reso
lution, to which he had referred. These groat;
fundamental rights, Sir, the, sanctity orwhich is:
-the measure of progress and civilization, have
been trampled under toot by the. military and
are being now - trampled under-foot everyday; in
the presence of the two HoUsei of Congress, and.
yet so great en one side is the passion of the:
. hour, and so astonishing the stupid amatemant
of the other that, we take it as natural, as right
and as of course. We are rushing, Sir, and
with rapid strides from a, constitutional govern
ment into a military despotisim - . The conatita
lion says the freedom of speech and of the press -
shall not be abridged yet three days ago, in the.,
city of St. Louis, a military officer with four":
hundred soldiers—that was- his warrant—wint
into a rib vspaper office in that city removed the'
types, and declared that the paper should be no
longer published, and gave among other reasons
that it was fabricating reports injuries to the.
United States soldiers in Missouri. Is there to.
Senator here, a citizens of this land, who will say
that the slight6sVeofist otanthoriWeaista on the.
part of the military officer for depriving a citi
zen of liberty or property without 'a' warrant-of ,
law, or to be suppress despatches that the prof
prietors of the. paper submitted,.and intended to
make an appeal. To - whom ? To the judiciaL
authorities? No sir, Bat to Major General Fre—
mont, when he should reach St; Louis. The
civil authorities of the country are paralyzed
and praeticalmartial law being established
all over the land. The like never happened in
this country before and it would not be tolerated
in any country in Eurore which pretends to the
elm:pouts . of ~elyiliztttion and liberty t , George ,
Washingtiti carried the' thirteen colonies
the war of the Revolution without'utaitiellaw.—
The President of the United:Waits could not
conduct the government 'three' menthe Without,
resorting to it. I presume every Senate:has reit&
the opinion of. the Chief Justice to which I have" .
referred. I shall content myself with reading a
few extracts T 3 present my opinions on the sub
ject. [Mr. B. read from the closing part ofJod i sa
Taney's opinion.] Thus the President has as
sumed the legislative and judicial powers., and
concentrated in his hands the executive, legislit-
L i velin s jualeioi . powers, which in every :toe has
been the very evidence of despotism, and rie,. ex
ercises theta to day, while we sit in' the Seneca
Chairiber;and the other branch of the Lsgislataro
at the other of the Capitol. Mr. President what
is the eaves's-what is the justification,necessity?
I answer, first:there:was no necessity. , Was it
necessary to preserve, the visible,eintilions of- fed
eral authority here that the Southern coast should
have been blockaded ? Did not the necessity ex
ist when Congress, at the last session, refused to •
'palikthit:Vorce Wits - it:nittestutry_ to the -et
latent° of the Union, till Congress should meet
that powers not conferred' by constitution should
be assumed? Was than: , a necessity. for overrun
ning the State of Missouri ? Was there a nem:
sits Tor raising the largest army-ever-assembled
on the Americ an continent, for collecting the
largest,fieet,ever collemed in an
,Atperican har
bor? - Congrosi tiny - dee& it was nedeseary in
contemplation of a protracted struggle for the
preservation of the constitutien anti the Union.
What Inman to say is, that there was none- of
that overruling necessity for present preservation
which may apply_to--usurpations:.of.-the. Consti
tution.. In-case of the man in, Maryland ,who
was confined so long in Et. McHenry, was there
anynecessay of confining him instead of turn
ing him, over to tre civil authorities? The chief
charge:weethat weeks before he bad been Ceti
corned 'in treasonable`acts. Was not the judicial,"
utheritY there to take Charge of him' end if con.
rimed, to - punish "him ?
If there was a necessity in the present state of
affairs, and Congress in session here, then' what'
a long necessity we have before us audimpending
over us. Let Congress approve and ratify these
nets; and there may occur a necessity which will
justify the President in superseding: the law in
every. State in this Union, and there will not be
a, vestige of civil authority left to rise against
this usurpation , of military power.. But I deny
this doctrine of necessity. deny tbat.the Pres
ident of. this United State's marviolite the -
,e 6.
stitution upon the grmind'ef necessity. The doe
trine is utterly subversive of the Constitution.=
It substitutes the will of one man fora written
constitution.
The government of the United States . , ,whioh
draws its life from the constitution, does not rest
upon an implied consent. It rests upon an ex
press and written' -consent, and the government
may exorcise such powers and such Only as aro
glevn,in this written term of.government. The
people of these States conferred on this agent
of theirs just such lumens as they deemed neces—
sary. 'All others were retained. The constitu
tion was made for all contingencies—for peace
and for war ;• and they conferred all the power
they deemed necessary, and more cannot be as
sumed;. If tho powers be out sufficient, still none:
others were granted, and none others fau•lm,ex•
ercised. Will this be denied ? Is the idea to be.
advanced that-'all constitutional questions - are to
be rondo subordinate entirely to the opinions and.
idene that may prevail at the Weer:Witt reference.
to political unity? It-has been•lield'herettofore,
and I thoUght it was axiomatic, gad received tap
the world, thnt the terms of the
,nonstitutian of:
the United States were the inertipra of parer on.
the one side, aid of obedience on the other. Lek
us take care how we estald,ish. is principle that,.
under any presumed stress of oircanw.atureo.
povrers not granted may be itssinnect Thk.e, eare
and do not fOrnisb an arginneot to the wortdand
history that it shall not respeot that authority
which no longer respects its own limitations.—
These area few of 'the reasons that will control
my vote korost this resolution. I hope it will
be voted upcartousrlif ebeitid•reettive a majority,
as I fear It. sir, It swat be lin iniitation to the
President of tits United States, in the absence:ot
all 'legislation. to do the like acts whenever, in
his opinion, it may be necessary. What will be
the Offeet'of it' in Kentucky, and Missouri, anti
everywheee ? . In his discretion he will feel him
self warranted in subordinating the civil to 'the
military power, and to imprison citisens without
the warrant of law, and to suspend the writ of
habeas corpps, and establish martiallaw, !awake
searches and suppress the press, and to do kll
thosoncts which rest on the will and authority of
a military commander. In my judgment, if we
pass this; we are upon the eve of-putting, so far
as we clan, in the hands of the President or the
United' States, th e power of a Ali:gator. With
snob a beginning
as this what are we to expect
' in the future ? When we ace men imprisoned
within hail of the capitol, and Congress io ses
sion, and the courts parajyred and , Congress not
rising in a protest of indignant terms against it,