THE
"CLEARFIELD REPl'BLICAS,"
CLKABFXKLD. PA.
EBTABLIIHED ID 16T.
1 tie largeit Circulation f any Newspaper
1h North Cttitrai Pennny .vault
Torma of Subscription.
If paid a adTanee, or within I months.... 13 4M
If paid after I and bfora 6 month 8 AO
If j.ttd after the aiptratloa of month!.- 3 M)
Rates ot Advertising.
Trunilent adrertiunienta, per tquaraof 1011 net or
en, 5 tlmeeorleae fl 60
F'r aaeh aubiequent inaertion.. M
Ailminlatratora' and Eiooatcra'notiooa 1 60
Au Ihora' aotieei 2 (0
Cnutloniand Kitrayi. 1 60
I) insolation noUeea SO
profe? atonal Card, I llnai or 1mi,1 year,.. a Of
Local notleee, par Una SO
YEARLY ADVEUTIBEMKNT8.
I Kinar ......19 00 1 eolumn.., $50 00
3 Bnarae ........ la 00 i eolamn.. 70 00
Sauuaraa... M..20 00 1 1 oolama.. 120 00
G. B. QOODLANDER,
Pabllibar.
jCau'Bfrs' Carfls.
jj w. SMITH,
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
11:1:79 Clearfleld, Pa.
J J. LINGLE,
ATTORNEY-AT - LAW
1:1s Phlllpbare;, Centre Co., Pa. y:pd
" JOtAND D: SWOOF15, ""
ATTORNEY AT LAW.
CurweaerlUe, CI.uD.ld county, Pa.
ool. , '78-If.
QSCAR MITCHELL,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
CLRARFIELD, PA,
Offlo. In "Old Waelornl building," (up. Heir).
Ool. . ?8-tf.
JSHAEL TEST,
ATTORN KY AT LAW,
Clearfield, Pa.
jar-Offli. on. door uil of Bhw Hon...
tJjll.'M
yjl. M. McCULLOUGII,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
CLEARFIELD, PA.
Offi in Maaonlo building, Beoond afreet, op
poaile th. Court Hone. Je2o,'78-tf.
C. ARNOLD,
LAW A COLLECTION OFFICE,
CURWENSVILLE,
r-ri Clearfleld County, Pcna'a. lay
s.
T. BROCKBANK,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
CLEARFIELD, PA.
tTU'. (n Ope r. Hon. e.
5,T7-lj
iVa. A. Wi.i.AOl...rt
Hiner F. Wali.acb,.
Pavio L. KnBia,
Wu. E. WALLACB.
y ALL ACE & KRE1SS,
ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW,
ji.nl 1 1 Clearfleld, Pa.
gMlTII V. WILSON,
.lllortiry-at.Lair,
CLEARFIELD, , . . PENN'A.
JNfrOHle. in th. Maaonie Building, over th.
C unt; Itettonal uank. liu.rz4-80.
J F. SNYDER,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
CLEARFIELD, PA.
Office or.r th. County National Bank.
"JBTStf
jRANK G. HARRIS,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
CLBAariBLD, Pbbr'a.
Firef-oLel Llf. and Fir. Iniurano. Compaaiea
repre.ented.
.afr-OBee in tb. Opera Houie.-a
M.r. IS.'SI-ly
THU.. B. Mt'BRAT.... CTRUI BOBEOB.
jJURUAY & GORDON,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
CLEARFIELD, PA.
&Offlo. la Pl.'i 0pra Ilottsa, mond floor.
w
ILL1AM A. HAGERTY,
jTTiM'f;i'.rif ir,
OI-'UCE over T. A. Plork it Co.'. fltore,
CLEARFIELD, PKNN'A
T-efWill .tiend to all l.gal bualn... with
pniinptne.a end fid.lity. febll,'80.f.
lunapa a. b'bnallt dabibl w. ii'cttanr.
cENALLY & JIcCURDY
ATTOKNEYS-AT-LAW,
Liearneid. ra.
PL)(1 baitnit attandtd to promptly withj
fl -leiUy. OffleaonBeeond itraat, abova tb Fint
Na.tinn.vl Dank. jan:l:70
J,
?. McEENRICR,
DISTRICT ATTORNEY,
CLEARFIELD, PA.
All Ieftn.1 bmlOM .ntraitsd to bll oar. will r.
eeiT. prompt attention.
jffCr-Offlr-. In th. Court tloui..
augl4,IS7S-lj.
A O. KilAMER,
A.
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
Real EitaU and Collection Agent,
CI.EARF1F.LI, PA.,
Will promptly attend to all legal bullae., en
tru.ted to bie ear..
0(flo. in Pi.'l Op.ra HonM. Janl'7$.
JOHN L. CUTTLE,
ATTORNEY AT LAW.
Vnii Heal I'.elate Ageut, Clearfleld, Pa.
Ulno. ea Third atr..t, b.t.Cb.rrjA Walnnt,
r4r R.tp.tfully offor. bit lervleee In eelllng
and buying land. In Cl.arfl.ld and adjoining
eiunti.a ( and with aa .zp.rl.ne. of ...rtw.ntT
y.are a. a lurv.yor, flattan himeelf tbat h. eaa
render a.tlffaollon. lir.b. 18:.a:tr,
I'lijisifians' Carfls.
D
R. K. M. SCHEURER,
U0MEOPATHI0 PHYSICIAN,
Offlo. In reJidena. ob Firrt It.
April 91, 1871. Cl.arfl.ld, Pa.
Tl W. A. MEANS,
PHYSICIAN & SURGEON,
DUBOIS CITY, PA.
Will attend praf.iilonal ealla promptly. anglO'70
jQR. T. J. 1IOTEU,
fHYSICIAN AND SURGEON,
Oflo. on Markat StrMl, Claarfleld, Pa.
r'OBjo. hour.: I to II a. m., and 1 to I p.
I)
U. J. KAY WRIGLEY,
noMEOPATOIO PHYSICIAN,
rar-(iB1r adjoining tb. re.ld.nf. f JamM
W'riay, K., ua Seeund SL, Claarueld, Pa.
juij.n,'7s-tr.
fi C. JENKINS, M. D.,
VXa
I'll YSICIAN AND SURGEON
f
CUHWKNSVILLE, PA.,
oditvc at raafdenoa, aoraar of State and Pin
Tfrti. J.o. lib, Idel-tr.
It. II. B. VAN VALZAH,
(I.EARFIEI.I), PENN'A.
"H ICK IN RESIDENCE, CORN RR OF FIRST
AND PINK STREETS.
OBot bo.rrFrom It to I P. M.
May II, 1171.
JJIt. J. r. I1URCHF1KLD,
Lata Snrg.na ot tb. B8d Rcglm.nl, P.nneylrania
Volant...., baring r.torn.d froa lb. Army,
orTera hia praf.eel.Bal t.rvle.1 to tb..itte.aa
f Cl.arfl.ld Bounty.
-Prof.eeional ealla promptly atund.d to.
OSr. ob Saooad ttra.t, formally o.enpl.d by
Dr.Wo.di. apr,'M-U
CLEARFIELD
GEO. B. Q00DLANDEB, Editor & Proprietor. PRINCIPLES, NOT MEN. TEBMS-$2 per annum In Advance.
VOL. 55-WIIOLE NO. 2,710. CLEARFIELD, PA., WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, 1881. 'NEW SERIES-VOL. 22, NO. 37.
Cards.
HENRY BKETH,
( OSTt SID T, O.)
JUSTICE OF THE PEACE
poa aaLL Tows.mr.
Ma; I, Wfl-ly.
JAMES MITCHELL,
nalLaa is
Square Timber & Timber Lands,
J.H'tB CLEARFIELD, PA.
V. HOYT,
Land Surveyor and Civil Engineer,
pniLipsnuRo, pa.
jE4-All bueineea will bo att.nd.l to promptly ,
D.c. Id, ISHO-ly.
" REUBEN H ACKMAN,"
House and Sign Painter and Paper
Hanger,
Clearfleld, Peuu'a.
tauWUI execute job, in hla tin. promptly and
in a woremanllk. manner. apr4,07
I? RANK FIELDING
. AND
WILLIAM 1). Ill G LEI?,
iTTon.n:rs-iT-L.i ir,
CLEARFIELD, PA.
Nor. 17tb. last tr.
WEAVER &. BETTS,
DBALBRS IB
Real Estate, Square Timber, Saw Logs,
AND LUMBER OF ALL KINDS.
JHr-Offloe on Second .tract, in rear or .tor.
room of lt.org. Weaver 4 Co. I Jen, '78-If.
RICHARD HUGHES,
TtTKTICR OF TI1H PEACE
ron
Oecatnr Township,
Oaeeola Mllli P. O.
All official buiineca antraited to him will ba
prompt j attended to. toe li 211, '70.
TARRY SNYDER,
LI BAR11KH AND HAIRDRESSER.
Bhop od Market St., opposite Court Home,
A clean towel for ever ouKtomor.
Alao dealer in
llept llraiuta f Tobarro and tlari.
CUrliMiJ. P. m.T 19. ?.
JAMES H. TURNER,
JUSTICE OP THE PEACE,
Wallacetun, Pa.
ffr-lle hi prnpared binitr with all the
neeeaa-ary blank furtui under th l'ention aud
untr lai, aa well blank IJ !, etc. All
lKl tuattera fntrusted to bn cart will receive
prompt attention. filay 7tn, i7V-tr.
G. H. HALL,
PRACTICAL PUMP MAKER,
NEAR CLEARFIELD, PENN'A.
"P urn pa alwaya on hand and made to order
an ahort notice. Pipea bored on reaaonable terma.
All work warranted to render eatiifaotion, and
delirared if deatred. myZMypd
Ijivery tWlnhle.
THE underlined bee: learato In torn, the pub
lic tbat he la now fully prepareV to acoommo
date all in the way of furniihin lUaaea, UuiRiea.
Daddlea and llarneaa, on the ahorteit notice and
tn reaaonaola terma. Keatdenoa on Loon at itraet,
between Third and Fourth.
UEO. W. QEARnART.
Ilearfield. Feb. 4,1874.
..n. a. HAoaar r
R
EAD&HAGERTY,
FIRE, LIFE AND ACCIDENT INSURANCE
AGENCY.
jJ-O-Offic. In Or.bam Building, M.rk.t .treet.
Clearfleld, ..... Peon'a.
Jun. 15, UHl-tf
THOMAS H. FORCEE,
DBALBB IB
GENERAL MERCHANDISE.
bHAHAMTOIf, Pa.
AIo,.xtnelT. manufaotum and dealer In Rquara
Timber and Sawed Lumbar of all alndl.
'Ord.ri aollolud and all bllle promptly
jyl7J
fllfod.
I. SNYDER,
PRACTICAL WATCHMAKER
ABB PBALBB IB
Wtttchos,' Clocks and Jowolry,
ffraAam'. Htm, Marktl Slrttt,
CLEAR FIELD, PA.
All kind, of repairing In my line promptly at
ended to. Jan. lit, 17.
Clearfleld Nursery.
ENCOUKAGK UOMK INDUSTRY
fplIB ttnderalfrned, baring eMahliihod a Nur
I aerr on the 'Pike, ahut half way between
Clearfleld and CurwenaviHn, fa prepared to fnr
nifh all kfndi of FKL IT THKKS, (atandard and
dwarf.) Krerjrrcent, bhruMiery, Grape Vinea,
OooneKerry, Lewton Dlarktmrry, tStrawherry,
and Haipberry Vinea. Ato, (Siberian Crab Treea,
Qui nee, and early aoarlet Hhabarb, Ac. Ordera
promptly attended to. Addreai,
i. v. n niMiu,
aep20-fl".y Cur wen .mil, Pa.
JABBt BBRR.
cAaauLL l.. Binm.B.
Clearfield Insurance Agency.
KKttlt ft II I -.', Jettiln,
Reprea.nt th. following and othor HritHiluf Co'l
Cimpanl.!. Aaaera.
Lirerpool London A fllnbe U. S. Rr..t..1nl.8
Lreomlng on mutual Ae.ah plan..... A,tl00,0tl1
Pbrrnli, of 1 1 en for J, Conn 1.824,08
Ineuranoe Co. of North America fl,tJI,r74
North Uritl.h A Mero.ntlle U. S. Br I.7KI.8M
Sootil.h Commercial U. B. Branch.... 87..I4.
Watertown 784,81.
Trerelet. (Lire k Accident) - 4,iHS.4i4
Oftie. en Market rtt., opp. Court Ilouee, Clear
fleld, I'e. June I. '7 If.
Insurance Agency
OF
WILLIAM C. HELMBOLD,
Palton Mtlotk, Curtrtnurlllf, Pa.
Companies Represented i
Commercial Union Ina. Co., A .0,088,7" 5S
Fireman'. Fond Inc. Co., Ancle I.l8n,0l7a.
Union Inauranee Co.. A.rel 1,020.11:17 V8
Trarelere' Aeciilent Inc. Co.. Aorta.. MlrMHtlX
Northern Ine. Co. of N.w York Aa'ta 848.KVU 00
In.urenc placed ob all kindi of property at
equitable rete.
uurwenaritte ra , reo. in, moi-.i.
THE MUTUAL BENEFIT
LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Newark, N. t.
INCORPORATED I84. PURELY MUTUAL.
Aaarra, Jan. 1, ISKI, aa aw.rl.loed
by Eiartlnlng uommiBaioaere
af MeeaaebuRtt.. Okie and New
J, .1J,728,81S 18
l.ti.ii.inea ae atated br the came. 8l,rll,4:a 8k
Stinr-li'l by Maae ehu'a rll.n.l.ru.. e,i.,.iri ue
St arLi a by New Y.rk Standard... ,888,.llt Is
All pellelM noaf.rfeltabl. afl.r eio.d
yeart Inweipeneeat l.rgedlrtdend. de
elered and paid erery year eloca ergen
li.tlen : anipl. eurplue : ..rrender raloei
moat liberal loeeel promptly adjuated
and paid.
OrrtrBR f
LEWIS C. OROVKR, PeaetmiaT.
JAMES B. PKARH"N, Vrca-pBRitnT.
En. L DoaaiRe, Fee'y. Tnao, MraarT,lr...
PUTTKH A KK1K8, Mat. Aginta, IJJ nei-
Bul Itreet, Pbll.d.lpble, I'a.
K. M M'ENAI.I.V.SpwialAg.nt. OIB.. la
lineeop e bnlldlBg, Mark.l Itrwl, Cl.arfl.ld, Pa.
s.
l-a.ai.ir. '
mm am
HIGH FAB MING AND HOME
CDLTUEE.
THE FUTURE OF EAST PENNSYLVA
NIA FARMING.
NKW CIIOPM AND HEW METHODS.
DELIVERED nEFORK THE CU M1IEI1LAND
VALLEY EDITOIIIAL ASSOCIATION AT
THE TRI-aTATE (PENNSYLVANIA,
MARYLAND AND WENT VlnOINIA)
ORANOERrl' AND rARUERs' PIC
NIC, WILLI A)I8' GROVE, CUM
BERLAND CO., PA., SEPT.
2, 1881, BY W. U. I1EN
BKI., or LANCASTER,
PHNaVLVAKIA. - .
Fellow Citizens : Granger, Far
mers and Editors, Ladies and Gentle
men. l it bo kcd what placo hah
the editorial profession in this celebra
tion, or what rilit is thoro for the in
trusion ol a discussion ot agricultural
topics in a convention of editors, lot it
ue answered that the lunction of the
press, in the present suprcmaey of its
estate, is to rococnize and review ev
ery interest which concerns the iron
oral well'uro, and hence especially to
note tho progross and the prospocts
ui mo oiticBi ana oosv continuing pur
suit of man, that first occupation in
which ho was engaged, tho one by
which he chiefly subsists and in which
ho rcalir.es his greatest dignity, bcBt
maintains his independence and most
fully realiicB his individuality.
ior nceu i say now manv ol tho
two thousand million printed sheets
which fall from tho nowspapor presses
of this country each year find lodg
ment in its agricultural communities;
nor to what extent in turn tho great
forco of avorago unblio oninion to
which press nnd politicians bow is
is moulded and toned among those
whoso
Dere ere .pent, wboae minda are bent
To follow the uaeful plow.
1 shall not yield myself to tempta
tion lo indulge in the lomance of agri
culture. Tho primary occupation of
man and tho basio wealth ot nations,
it is tho self existent pursuit of human
activity, in which there can be no dis
aalron) overproduction, into which
surplus industry can ever and again
oo profitably directed, whero the ro
sources ot capital and tho energy of
luuor can nnu engagement without
Inclion and tho prosperity of which is,
on the whole, as sure and certain as
its universality is cssunliul to mail's
moral development nnd motorial com
lort. In overy ago and climo and un
der all conditions of tho woild's life
tho farmer has been the cornerstone
of tho social and tho national struct
ure. Tho statesman and moralist,
philosopherand economist have always
recognized his vitul importance. Tho
plow is pictured on Thoban palace,
r,gypiian toniD, r.irurian vaso and
Grecian bass relicts. In Utopia, too
will remember, that farm houses wore
built over tho whole country and of
eacn lumily ol lorty a ecoro wero sent
in rotation every two years trom tho
cities lo lurms, that all might acquiro
some knowledge of the tillage of the
sou. oaiu uaniel Wohster. "All na
tionel wealth depends upon an enlight
ened agriculture.'
OUR NATIONAL DOMAIN.
To us as a nation has it been left to
illustruto this in a peculiar manner and
upon a magnitudo ot sealo never before
dreamed of. Hall of our adult popu
Intion ate engaged in this pursuit, and
71 per cent, of our farms aro occupied
by their ownors. Wo bavo a system
ol landholdings that upholds iroo gov
ernment and supplies healthy blood
for tho body politic, a domain sufficient
to supply tho whole world's demands
for breadstutis, and so many acros
availablo for wheat culture that oven
the proBont enormous yield would not
seed all the land. Ho wide-roaching is
that domain that tho flour from tho
first harvested whoatof Georgia roach
es us almost beforo the Spring seeding
ol llio .Northwest baa begun.
Wo exhibit an incroaso in cereal
product of nearly ono hundred per
cent, in tho last docado, Irom a country
furrowed so lately with the plowshare
ol war, and yet wo bavo a homo mark
ot and domcstio consumption for !J5
por cent, ot what wo raise. Swollon
as wo aro with pride in our manufuo
lures, there is nearly as much capital
invested in our Icathor intorosts
lumber, and tho investment in flour
mills is greater than tho total value ol
all our iron manutacturcs.
How marvelous tho contrast with
our rival lor the supremacy ol nations,
onco celohraled for the number of its
land proprietors, in whose united king
dom now, with its advance of popula
tion, tho total number ot land owners
has shrunk from 181,000 in lObS and
250,000 in 17H0 to 170,000 in 1870,
whero S23 individuals own a fifth ol
tho land and not one in thirty is a
land owner, whero half of Scotland is
partitioned among a dor.cn, and all of
Ireland scarcely knows as many own
ors of the soil as a single county in
Pennsylvania; with Germany, whose
icasantry quit their fathorland by
lundreds of thousands for a home
hero; and with Russia plagued by tho
problem of her frocd surlsl Tho very
branches of agriculture: in which wo
are rising Into eminence aro decaying
in the mother country ; and what with
the rot in sheep husbandry thoro, the
decline in the profitableness of dairy
ing, tho losses in the production of
animal food, and tho diminution of
wheat culture, tho prospocts of now
markets lor tho American surplus are
Btcadily enhancing.
AtlltlCI'LTUHAL PROBLEMS.
(flowing as the picture is, it is not
to he lorgotten that theso boundless
resourscs and this marvelous develop
ment are not without their problems.
As tho originul Divino mandate pro
scribed that tho Adamio tillor ot tho
vineyard should only cat his bread in
tho sweat ol his brow and ait under
the sholter of his vino and fig tree lor
the tending of thorn, so the pursuit ot
agriculture has over since boon accom
panied with tolls and boset with dim
eultics, and every step of Its advanco
has been crossed with new problems
worthy of the most Intelligent inrcsti
gation. It is to some of theso that I
would direct attention now, the more
especially as they concorn a majority
of those gathered hore, scarcely ven
turing howovor, to more than suggest
thorn for tho application of your in) lor
experience to their solution.
The most casual observer of the
drill ot population and ot agricultural
development In this country has no
ticed that the centre of production baa
Bteadily moved toward the Northwest.
Hcven lentliS of the entire wheat crop
is grown in Illinois, Indiana, Ohio,
Michigan, Minnesota, Iowa, California
and Wisconsin; while Illinois, lowaj
end Missouri alone produced in 1879
upward of eight hundred million bush
els ot corn, or more than the yield of
the entire country in 1809. Hanging
upon our Northern boundaries are the
great wheat fields of tho future, those
two hundred or more millions of virgin
acres in tho valleys ol the liua river,
the Peace, the Athabasca and the
Saskatchewan, producing a suponor
gram, and yiolding after thirty-five
years the increased production ot thir
ty bushels to tbo aero, showing no
signs of exhaustion after that long
use without fortilinors. Tho immense
grazing grounds of the Southwest
whero ton thousand hordscan food, no
one in another's sight and our enor
mous railroad development, bringing
those distant fields closer to market
than you wero a half century ago,
need only bo suggested to remind you
how Dcoessfully tb husbandmen of
those cheaper fat lands and the herds
men of that rich grassy domain can
excel tho farmors ot Eastern Pennsyl
vania in some former special features
ot agriculture hero.
Now, on the othor hand, the demand
for market supplies is onlarging and
coming nearer to our doors. The
vastly increasing population of our
seaboard citios and tho growing manu
facturing interests of our own State
mako the immediate district which 1
now have in mind tho centre of a
population comprising many millions,
whoso tastes lor luxuries and the
ministry to whoso necessities afford
opportunity for tho successful intro
duction of now methods and diversified
products.
A consideration collateral to tho
Westward drill of population, enter
prise and agricultural development,
which has been ono of dcop concorn
to intelligent farmors, has been tho
tendency of tho bcBt blood and brains
to quit the pursuits of tho lathers and
lot go the plow handles for city lilo,
attracted by tho bustle of its business
activity, tho dash of mercantile specu
lation or tho glitter of social life, too
oflon only to bo shipwrecked on tho
rocks ot bunkuplcy or ruined in th
whirl of fashionahlo dissipation. 1 am
not unmindful that tho country and
tho farm havo been tho nursery and
training school of many of our bright
est and strongest intellects ; that the
vigor and breadth of mind so essential
to tho best success in any sphoro bavo
been nowhoro so well nourished as in
tho pursuits of agricultural lifo, and
that over and again wo must look to
it to traco the early steps of Borne
Dlruiely gifted man,
Whoae life in low relate began,
And on a humMe village g reen !
Who a o
Moving up from high to higher,
Rrflomea, on Fortune'a erowning alope,
Tbe pillar of a penple'a hnpe,
The centre of tb. worU a dcair.
Tho fact remains that farm lilo lias
too long still i' red tho reproach from
thoso who might most have adorned
il that it iB not congenial to tho devel
opment of social culture.
Illrill FARM1NO.
To thoso, thon, who seek to find
wherein lie the future enhanced profit
and pleasure ot this pursuit which is
your common interest, 1 anBWor that
the luturoof farming in this peculiarly
iavorcd and advanced region lies in
High Farming and Homo Culture.
Tlmy will accompany each othor, and
their development will bo contempo
raneous. For whatever tends to give
moro intelligent direction to agricul
ture will enhanco its profits and hoitco
its pleasures; and with the promotion
ot scientific regulation there must
come greater comforts of living ; the
necossity for investigation will lead to
broader learning, and tho application
of now methods impel each genera
tion to tho elevation of this calling in
its moral as well as matorial aspects.
SMALL FARMS.
Increasing fertility and productive
ness, resulting in advanced prices for
land, must lead to a Bubdivison of
farms. To no small extent is tho per
fection ot our tillage duo to tbo original
Pennsylvania policy of small land
grants, and as tho years roll on it will
bo found that filty acres aro moro
productive than a hundred, and twen
ty five moro productive than fifty. I
am not suro that tho timo is far dis
tant when wo will realizo "ten acres
enough" as more than the droam of a
book farmer. Mississippi, with double
as many plantations as beforo the war,
but avoraging only hall tho sizo, pro
duces twice as much cotton now as
thon. Franco, with far loss area than
Texas, owes her production of wheat,
nearly as large as ours, her horses and
cattle, almost as many, and hor sheep
moro, to tho system ot small land
holdings. It is lo tho thrift of her
pooplo, their accurate, and economical
cultivation of small parcels of ground,
that she owes tho rucupcrativo power
which bus mado hor a marvel among
nations and tho admiration of the en-
tiro world. Ihoro iB no poverty so
pitiful as land poverty and no farmer
so destitute as ono who owns too much
Many a one who might bavo grown
rich on (iflv aeros. which he could nnv
for, has starved on a hundred, for naif
or which lie was in debt and paid in
terest. Indeed, I am far from being
convinced that ovory owner. larmor
cannot most profitably work exactly
as much land aa he can buy and pay
lor.
CLOSER FARMINtl.
The subdivision of farms by tho
future farmer of East Pennsylvania
means a chango and a diversity ol
products, no less than tho competition
ot othor sections. For it is plain
that if an aero can be mado to produce
1 100, whore before lour acros produced
S-'5 each, tho samo area will support
just lour times the former amount ot
agricultural occupation, whether by
new methods and increased care the
yield is of tho same product as before
or by the introduction of a now inter
est the cultivation of tho land is turned
to belter advantage Up to a certain
point thoro can be no doubt that two
blades of grasa may be mado to grow
where only ono grew ; and where the
farmor who now raises filtocn bushels
of whoat to the aero might raise thir
ty, or who now grows forty bushels
of corn might produce eighty or ono
hundred, he has not yet given such a
fair trial to his present opportunities
f ) ontillo him to experiment with
an increased acreage or to turn his
lands to now crops. The future farmer
of East Pennsylvania will first of all,
by all molhods not exhaustive of tho
soil, so till his lands as to get the larg
est available yioldof the crops which
he now cultivates with profit
NEW CROPS.
Beyond that his Interest will be
fonnrlin the introduction ol now crops.
Besido a close caro lor all improved
varieties of the present ordinary co
rcals and few sufficiently realize tho
importance of selecting sooda with
abundant caution for their qualities ot
fertility the Eastern Pennsylvania
farmor must boon tbe lookout lor now
intorosts in the selection ol his product!.
Tbe cultivation of tobacco, now no
longer a novelty or experiment, baa
reached its greatest development in
that country which even before its
general introduction had roachod tho
front placo in American agricultural
districts and now tur out-ranks all
others, Its profits aro notably largo,
ana suinciont time nus elapsed to dis
sipato all fears of thu most apprehen
sive ior the exhaustion of tho soil, The
Lancaster county fumor, rejoicing in
his gross recoipta of from 8150 to SliOO
por acre tor bis tobacco, has diacovored
tho secret and the sufficiency of am
ply replenishing all the drain upon his
soil by the application of stablo ma
nure, tho production of which is f.ct
unprofitable in itself ; and aflor twon-ty-fivo
years fair trial I am supported
by all tho facts when 1 deoluro that
the strength of th tobacco lands ol
Lancaster and tho aeneitl fertility ol
its furms on low of which tobacco la
not now grown is far greater than
whon its culture began. To an audi
ence of intelligent farmers 1 nood not
enter into furlhor details than to sav
tbat tho fair avcrago yield per acre
nets to tuo owner ol the soil 10U por
season,. and tho profits lo the croppor
ot ono man's labor lor six months av
erage 82110. Surely no branch of turm
labor yet become common in this lec
tion can show results commonsumto
with theso. Incidontially tho etTect
oi this interest upon the matorial de
velopment of tho community, tbe im
mense worehouBos erected for its han
dling, the employment furnished to
thousands of laborers, tho exchange of
monoy and tho groat stimulus givon
to trado are an unmixed good. Inci
dentally the increased number of cat
tle and horbcs required to be fed to
supply tho larger demand lor manuro
has been in itself a source of profit.
1 cannot look far onough into tho lu
lu ro to see w hen tho farmor ol Eastern
Pennsylvania will abandon so lucrative
an interest as tobacco culture.
Tho cultivation of tho sugar beet is
slowly but surely making its way to
tho attention of our (armors. It ulti
mate practicability and profit can
hardly bo doubted. With little over a
tenth as great acrcago in potatoes in
1880 as of wheat the yield was nearly
a third in valuo, a fact which forcibly
illustrates too improved uses 10 which
lands near market may bo devoted
under tho system of high larming
hxpenmonts with onions, lor tho sale
ot which thoro is nover dulltoss and
our increased immigration gives no
causo to despair of porpotu.l markets
for potatoes and onions ex libit much
more striking comparison, and the
developed possibilities or seven hun
dred bushels to tho aero point to an
industry which will mork a most
profitable departure in Etst Pennsyl
vania larming.
Of tho profits of fruit raiBinir and
truck gardening tho duta aro less ac
cessible and tho experience of thoso
who ongago in them may vary moro
widely, but of their certainty in tho
long run thoro can bo no reasonable
doubt. With constantly incroasine
demand, duo no more to tho increasing
population than to improved tasto, an
enlarged desire tor luxuries and a ro
gard for tho sanitary uses of vegeta
bles and fruit, the garden and orchard
may be widoned upon ovory form in
Eastern Pennsylvania with assuran
ces of a sale investment. No longer
nood ho who plants an orchard wait
for another generation to pluck the
lruit, but my middle aged hearer can
yot realizo lor himselt tho profits from
such an ontorprise fully eqnal to the
ordinary branches ol his agricultural
operations. A gentleman who now
gathers from If! acres of orchard 5,000
biishols ot apples realises on his invest
mont a lar greater percentage than
your wheat ruier, tho corn grower or
ovon tho tobacco uoor. To a lar
greater extent than now will the fu
lure faimcr of Eastorn Pennsylvania
bo a horticulturist.
DAIRYING.
Dairying, perhaps, is an industry,
the spread of which may bo dotermin
ed by local causes, though tho new
and advanced ideas on tho feeding of
cauio ami tno institution ot tho co-operative
scheme of crcamonca aocm to
bo doslined to' revolutionize tbo old
notions of milk, checso and butter pro
ducin;' farms. Year by year the radi-
ua of tho dairy interest has reached
lurthorout Irom tho great cities. Tho
choeso-making farms of tho country
are rapidly increasing in number.
Thoro is yot to bo found a more profit
able system of farming than tho milk
lurms ot tho estern Rescrvo or ono
more conducivo to social comfort and
intellectual progress, and its imitation
on an improved scalo may yet bo a
feature of our local farming.
SILK PRODUCTION.
Despito tbo ridiculous memory of
tho mortis muiticaults movement ol a
generation ago I am hopeful that be
fore your sons die many a farm in
this vicinity will ho crowned by suc
cessful efforts at silk culture, realizing
tho early colonial idea whon the Vir
ginia Assembly offered a prizo of fllty
pounds of tobacco lor each pound of
wounu sua produced, when overy land
owner was required to plant and fonco
twelve mulberry trees lor each 100
acres, and when Gov. Law, ol Connec
ticut, arrayed in tho line dross ot a
hundred and thirty years ago, had a
silk coat and stockings of domestic
manufacture.
Thus tur 1 havo dealt mainly with
tho variety ot productions and tho in
creased yield ot tho future larmcr on
these lands. Moro immediately is ho
concerned about tho application ol
improved mothods lo his present In
terests. FENCINd.
The subdivision ot tho lands implies
an increase of fencing, a consideration
involving largely unappreciated and
often unmeasured expense. With the
increasing scarcity ot material, tho
item of fencing has really become an
enormous ono, the total value offences
in this Stato alone footing np two
hundred million dollars and the annual
cost of them being estimated at ton
millions. In part tho rapidly intro
duced barbed wire fence meets this
problem, but in tho main I am satis
fied that tho future farmer will abolish
insido fencing. Evon ilriasturingdoes
not becomo a lost art with tbo improv
ed science of larming, a portable fence
will meet all lis requirements, and
except this inside fences will become
a relic ol stupidity; tbe land occupied
by them will be devoted to protitahlo
production, unsightly "cornors" or
leaning lines of drunken rail fences
will no longer oiiend the eye and mar
the landscape, and nought save boun
daries of contentious neighbors, in
namo alono, will require to be thus
marked.
EN81LAUE.
Theoretically and practically tho
novel scheme ofensilago seems to rec
ommend Itself to the approbation of
those who nave given it lair minded
attention. Its cllect uiton stock, for
REPUBLICAN.
beef or dairy product, is not only not
dololorious, but highly beneficial, in
creasing the wholosomencss of milk,
chooso aud butter, while in practical
operation it prcsonts tho remarkable
exhibit of supporting a largely in
creased herd on the formor numbor of
acres; and their increased manuro in
turn vastly strengthens tho land and
supports increased productiveness.
1 bo astonishing claim ol Mr. Mills, tbe
exponent of tbe system in this country,
is to support on a givon number of
acres from hvo to ten timos tho same
number of dairy cows, at tho reduced
expense of scarcoly ono sovonth that
of tbo old systom. Evon should theso
claims upon an average trial havo to
be discontinued by two-thirds, ensi
lage must bo a feature of future farm
ing in Eastern Pennsylvania.
IMPROVED MACHINERY.
To an audionce, the memories of
many whom run back to the flail
and sioklo, and in tho prosenco ot
mis spienoio display all about us of
improved farm machinery, 1 need not
speak of tbe importance to well direct
ed and profitable larming of tho best
appliances. Tbe economy ot powor,
ot timo and matorial in farm labor has
stimulated the native genius ol Yankoe
inventive powor to bis host efforts in
bohalf of better mechanical agencios
for thoso who till tbe soil. In 1820
two men and fivo horses wore cngagod
continuously for twelve weeks in
threshing 1,300 bushels of wheat; forty
yoars lator.onaCaliforniafurm, 40,318
bushels ot grain wore harvested,
threshed, cleaned and stored in thirty
six days by twenty-two bands, and in
tho wheatfiolds of the Red ilivcr coun
ties a stoam throshor and gang now
count the threshing ot 2,000 bushels
per day fair work. I nocd not pursuo
this vivid componson to depict the
part which improvod machinery will
play in tho dovolnpment of Eastorn
Pennsylvania farming in tho years
near at hand. Undor the samo head
I bog you to considor the great num
ber of details which ore sometimes
classed as "conveniences," though such
features of improved farm life as ico
houses, wind mill pumps or othor de
vices to supply wator constantly and
abundantly without manual labor, tho
application of horse or stoam powor
to all practical branches of labor, and
tho countless devices ot the tool honso.
carriage bouse, barn and held which
do tho work of an hour in fivo minutes,
aro now necessities to successful farm
ing iu this soction. A late traveler in
tho South watched with a curious in
terest which taught him tbo lesson of
a great page in our national history
three men who spont a wholo after
noon twisting a rope lor a well, and
UBcd in the work thread that had cost
morcthun the required rope could havo
oocn bought lor.
FERTILIZERS.
Tho nature and value ol fertilizers.
tho analysis of all commercial manures
and tho relative cost and worth of ani
mal fertilizers will bo a subject to on
gage tho Intelligent attontion of the
(armor. A recent statute of Pennsyl
vania enactment will greatly aid him
but he needs to bo on tho careful look
out none tho less to socuro tho really
vaiuamo and nutritious material than
to avoid tbo Iraudulont and worthless
Tho coming farmer on this soil will
bo a chemist in bis way; and no clo.
ment of his success will bo of greater
efficiency than his discrimination in
this respmit. You havo read of Duns
ton Pillar on tho Lincoln Heath, tho
only light houso evor known on land,
set there in tho middlo ot tho last con
tury to guido bolated travelers over
tho long stretch ot dreary wasteland.
Now it stands in tho midst, of a tertilo
and highly-cultivated region with no
barren moors in sight from its top
mado to blossom by the culture of
turnips and tho application of phos-
phatus. Tbe successful return to the
soil of tho sewago and excrement of
our great cities is an unsolved problem
as yet and 100 sowago farms on trial
in England give no satisfactory report.
Tho ultimately cortain solution of this
vexed question can havo no moro
promising Sold lo bo worked out upon
than in this dependency upon tour
cities oi tuo ursi rana.
OOOD STOCK.
Regarding tho valuo of improved
stock in such a plan of larming as I
havo in view, 1 am sure 1 need notoc
cupy much ot your timo and mine.
Juno and experience have lully vindi
catcd tho marked tendency of tbo ad
vanced Amoncan larmcr to introduce
better blood into his barnyard and
stablo. 1 nocd not now speak ol tho
monumental examples ot (10,000 paid
in this country lor a single cow or
Jl 1,000 lor a sheep, norol the princely
prices oi our race horses, nor ol ttie
marvellous number whoso record dis
tanccs thoso figures which onco stood
as a synonym for spood, nor of tho
total valuo ot the live stock on Ameri
can larms, alono far out-topping tho
colossal Ugures ot our war debt
onough to assert the demonstrated fact
that carelul breeding of good stock is
in tho iiitorest of profitable farming to
suggest anothor important direction in
which the energy and enterprise of
tno coming larmor ot Ivastern JL'cnn
sylvania must and will be devoted. It
is in tbe near future that tho mild eyed
Aldornoy, the spiritod Hamblotonian,
tho sturdy Forchoron, tho fut and
fleocy Cotswold, tho sleek and Bhapoly
Berkshire and the hard fleshed end
steady-laying Plymouth Hock will bo
the delight of our farmors as tho rule
and not ihe exception.
Jirainago, irrigation, auhsoiling, tho
rotation of crops and nutrition ol ani
mals, tho quality of scods, tho growth,
tho nature, the contagions spread and
the extermination ol weeds, tho utiliza
tion of wastes, and a few of many
othor questions in methods of farming,
to which ita foremost exponents aro
gradually turning profitable attention,
and in tho settlement of which tho ad
vanced agriculturist will find great
gain. Yt ith all of theso the successful
lurmor will unito tho gcnoral princi
ples of mothodicat business man
agement, a system of closely kept
accounts, a debtor and a creditor atato
mont of every interest, a balanco sheet
for each department, sothat gainsmBy
be computed and lossos detected, leaks
topped and breaks mended.
HOMR CULTURE.
Under such conditions there cannot
fail to be a marked advanco in the
social lilo and in tho development ol
what may not inaptly be designated
as "culture" in thoso whoso lines are
east in the pursuits of the term. The
quality of tbo labor which will engage
tbefarraor'sattontion andlhoimprovod
modes ol doing it, are bound to lead
him to habits of study and tho enjoy
ment ot refinements, whieh will con
tribute to the comfort and dignity no
loss than they will enhance the profits
of his occupation. The accumulation
of wealth, the spread of Intelligence,
the lighter employments and the
quickor association of man and man
will all tend to make more musical "the
song of the Bower" and moro congenial
tho life of thoso
"who t.ar
Th.mett.d ew.rd with ipade and ebare."
FORESTRY.
Closely related with what I havo
hitherto referred to, and strongly con
ducing to tho higher view ot farm lifo,
is tho comprehensive subjoctof "Iroo
planting," whothor considorod with a
view only to tho profits and pleasure
of fruit production or iu regard to
lorcsiry, toe preservation and replen
ishing of wasting limber lands. I bavo
only time to refer you to cortain well
ostublisbod facts to domonstruto the
necessity for greater attention to this
interest. Mahomet said : "Tbe tree is
father of the rain." With the extinc
tion of tho torosU tbo powor ot the
springs and tho regularity of the
streams, vital elomonls of agricultural
prosperity, bave vislily been most un
favorably affected ; tho Winters havo
becomo more open and tbe Summers
less moist ; the climate more variable,
Ihe winds moro destructive and or
chards less prolific. Ensuing climate
sovoritics are as latal to the farmor as
feebleness or Btorility of soils; whdo
tho removal of the protection onco
afforded him by timber bolts on ele
vated ridges, to broak tho forco of the
storms, has ofton more than offsot in
creased fertility or greater acreage
under cultivation. The maintenance
of provision of proper shatlo in pastur
ing places, by waters, around shed and
stablo, bavo invariably been found to
bo compensated by a saving or increase
of strength, milk, tut and fleece. In
short, 1 venture the opinion upon com
petent authority that in any consider
able area of cultivated country the not
productivoncss ot a givon acreogo will
bo increased rather tbnn diminished by
leaving or planting ono-tilth ol it in
good limbor growth ; and this propor
tion iisnouiu uo me aim oi ine com
ing farmor to maintain or establish.
Experiments with the maplc.cotopa. lo
cust, tho black walnut, tho wild cherry
and a largo varietyof other trcosBhow
that abundant and sufficiont profits
may be realized at least twice in overy
generation lor tho farmer, who, of all
men, lives most for tho morro and
con bido bis timo for return to any
safo investment. "Woodman paro
that tree," is with him a sonnd busi
ness principle no less than a matter of
healthy sentiment. 1 have the greater
confidence that tho success of this in
terest lies in individual caro of it,
stimulated by tho universal recognition
of its importance. It has howovor
been tho subject of governmental pro
tection and patronage in nearly all ad
vanced stutos for many years, sinco at
loast 1770 when Frederick the Great
established a courso of theoretical in
struction in forestry. Sinco thon Gor
many, Austria, Hungary, Switzerland,
Italy, Franco, Spain, Portugal, bwodeu,
IftiBsia and Denmark bavo erected
schools of forestry, and England sonde
pupils to tbo French school at Nancy,
to bo trained for the management of
forests in hor colonies. In our own
country the older States like Massa-
chusetts and Connecticut, sensitive to
tho loss ot their timber lands, givo pa
ternal care to thoir restoration, and
many wostorn Stntea enjoin and en
courage tree planting, and tboir poople
havo mado "arbor day" a festival of
general observance. Tho State and
National Government can largoly aid
and must be deponded upon lor the
dissemination ol inlormation on the
subject, ospociallyas regards the adap
tion of soil and climale and tho intro
dnction of exogenous treos. 1 look
with confidence to the day whon, as
has been auggostod, it shall bo tho aim
of railroads every where to mark their
lines by continuous belts ol trees, thus
improving and making profitable their
right of way, erecting shelter for the
adjoining fields, and heightening tho
beauty ol the landscape. Nor would
il be an unprofitable duty of tho town
ship roadmastor to plant such groallul
shade along every dusty highway.
Decaying Spuin sets an imiiresivo ex-
amplo by tho beautiful custom of ber
poople to plant by the roadside the
cast-off seed of fruit there eaten.
Above the commercial view of this
question is the senlimontul considcra
tion, which must appeal with forco to
overy lover of nature, from the dullest
clod that overy rested in the noon
shado to the farmor onlhusiasl who
delights in the rugged beauty ol tho
gnarled and lightning-defying oak,
who watches each year with now in
terest the wondor of the flowering
chestnut, its fruitage and tho fall of
tho leal; whoso every senso of the
n'stholic is gratified in tho matchless
boauty ol tbe singlo drooping elm,
most picturesque ot all our trees, and
who, in tho vernal freshuoss ot tho
woodlands or tho gorgeous autumn
glory ol tho forests reads ovor and
over tho miraclo ot nature. In my
own county I know a larmor whoeo
eyesight had boon gratified for many
years by a splendid tree which stood
in a httlo knoll upon a noighbor s Hold.
At last, when cuniditv and tho calcu
lation of ita worth by tho cord had
resolved upon its destruction, the sub
ject ol my admiration paid the owner
his lull price ol tho wood it might real
izo to lot it stand, a crown to tho land
scape aud a momorial to tho right
sense of a Lancastor county larmor.
You may believe mo bo was no mere
sentimentalist whon I toll yon that his
buttoralways brought tho highest pneo
in the market and tho plough never
struck astono on his land. Tbe com
ing farmer hero will be a forester.
LOCAL POLITICS.
II o will bo a politician too, In tbe
hestsonso of tho word, watchful for tho
dignity, tho honor and the prosperity
ol all publio administration. Realiz
ing tho boneticonco ot local sclf.gov-
ernmcnt ho will approciato and banish
tho baleful spiiit ol partisanship from
the selection of local officials. For no
such curse has fallen upon our politi
cal system as the prevailing ideas that
tho lines of local and National politics
run parallol, whereas they should cross
at right anglos. Tho abundant caro
ol and most intelligent provision lor tbo
public schools, regard less of what, alas I
wo call "politics"; and honest, capable
and progressive supervision ol the
public roads will be tho objects of chief
political concorn to the future farmer.
It Is my opinion that in the Intelligent
laying-out, grading, mecadamizmg and
smoothing of roads, the erection and
protection of free britlgca, tho general
employment of road scrapers, the ar
rangement ol breaks and watercourses,
tho erection of finger boards, and
othor duties of the supervisor our east
ern counties show most lamentable
lack, and that the resulting losses and
wear and tear aggregate doublo the
increasod road tax that would ensue
trom a properdiachargoof these dutioa,
by better men than are usually electod
to porlorm thorn. Indeed it ia a matter
of conviction that, for the advanced
state of the leading counties of Eastern
Pennsylvania, toll bridges and turn
pikes are relics ol primitive conditions
and should spoodily bo abolished. Tbe
publio should now support these ways
of travol necoBsary for the public con
venience. In tho richest rural county
in tbo Commonwealth It is the re
proach of Its capital city a centre of
trado and population before the revolu
tion that almost every road leading
into it is oostructod by a toll-bar, tbo
rates being noarly as bigh as railroad
fares ; and so general is the "mbargo
on trado that oven on ono of tbe public
stroets, within tho limits ot Lancas-
tor, a corporation, by tho grace ot
legislative deformity, swings its gate
across the dilghway, and publio eenti
ment is dull to an imposition which is
as great as that tor which our lathers
raised tbe tempest in a tea-pot in Bos
ton a century ago.
BROADER LEARNINO.
The study of no science nor art
limn the wholo rango ot liboialeul
ture will be inconsistent witb, or lack
opportunity for development in tbo ex
perience of tho educated and advanced
larmor ot tho luture. Most of a
plainly, will the very extondod study
of tho natural science claim bis atten
tion and sorvo his practical purposes.
isolany, no loss than cbemistrv, is
study w hich must engage tho attention,
and it will soon enchain tho interest of
tbo scientific farmer; and to him who,
in tho long Winter nights of leisure
or in tho gray dawn of an early rising
instinctively turns his cvoa to tho
beauties and wondors ot tbo hoavens,
tbo science ot astronomy, now mado
popular and full of pootry and legend,
will bo a source of entertainment and
profit. Walking with his boad among
tbe stars and his feet amid the flowers,
inuaung tno tragranco ot nature,
awed by hor grandeur, inspired by her
eloquence and entranced by ber beauty,
tno larmor loots his lordship ovor na
ture and his kinship with its creator.
Tho employ mont of steam power for
Htrm work opens a wide field ot inter-
estingand practical education ; goology
may teach tho constituents of tho soil
and chemistry dissolve them ; scientific
forecasts of tho weather are a develop
ment ot metoorology, the dim ot possi
bilities of which are of tremendous im
portance to the agriculturalist, involv
ing not only the probabilities" ot tho
weather, but its nicasurablo control.
Ho may yet ndo tho whirlwind and
direct tho storm. Partial relief from
drouth and regulation ot rain-fall aro
not beyond (he dream ol our modorn
scionce which sots its ladders against
tho sky.
COMFORTS OF LIVING.
The selection of eligiblo locations for
buildings; thoir proper arrangement
and most convenient construction ; the
sanitary regulatiou of tboir relative
position, so that tout odors and ill
drains may not offend tho senses
&nd poison the atmosphere ; the erec
tion of farm bouses with a vlow to
propor architectural effect, for the
beauty ot tho landscapo and tho com
tort and economy ot their occupants
tho encouragement and practice of
floriculture ; the refinements of homo
lilo, in the cultivation of music, liters
ture and tbo fine arts; tho accnmula
tion of private libraries; tbo diffusion
of local and agricultural newspapers
and periodicals, are a few of many
othor signs of the higher agricultural
lifo, now happily outcroping in this
community and caicuiatod to boar rich
fruit in oarly generations. To them
may bo added the liberal patron ago
and earnost maintenance in evory sec
tion ol regular associations aud ex
hibits calculated to dissominale agri
cultural information, to test now and
competing implements, to investigato
and rolieve diseases ot stock or failure
ot crops, to discuss and pass judgment
upon now methods, to expose trauds.
and, in general, to promotoull the ends
oi agriculture.
Secure as tho past of tbo East Penn
sylvania farmer is, his future may yet
bo better. His opportunities are such
that ho nood fear no competition in
their dovolopmont. Improved modos
and a versatility of resources promise
abundant return for his investment and
his labor, whilo tho steadily improving
retinoments ot homo lilo and social
culture will lend charm lo tho old
monotony and average tho long periods
of dullness snccooded by stretches of
overwork. Horace Orooley, who know
far moro about farming and did more
for it than he usually is creditod witb,
said : "The highosttraition of all labor
is man." Of no industry is this so
true as of an enlightened and progress
ive agriculture.
For sevon hundred years a stone
post near Cairo has marked the riso
and ovorflow of the rivor and sot the
timo fur old Egypt's fostival of rejoic
ing that her harvost was assured. Far
down tho centuries the prosperity of
our agricultural interests shall continue
lo be tho Kilometer of national great
ness and tho sign to all people of our
advancement in the march ot civiliza
tion. Speed tb. plow and ipeet the harrow (
Peae end plenty eend abroad.
Better fer the apede and narrow
Than tbe oannon or the eword.
Koch Invention, each improvement,
Render, week oppr.a.lon'e rod f
Every l(n and .v.ry movement
Bringa ua nearer truth and Uod.
WOMEN IN THE POST
OFFICES. Women aro coming to the front
moro and moro as officeholders. Twen
ty fivo years ago a female postmaster
was something novel. Wbunovor, bo
foro the war, a woman was put in
chargo of a postoffico it was a vory
insignificant one, paving but a low
dollars a year, and llio circumstancoa
waa talked all ovor the country as a
remarkable incident. Now the dear
creatures get tairly lucrative positions
in the postal sorvice, and Ihcy bear a
continually-increasing ratio to tho
male handlers ot the mails. Of seven
appointments mado the other day to
Presidential postofficus so called be
cause the I'resident appoints the post
masters instead ot tbo Postmaster
donorul three were women I Thus
tho world mayea.l'hltadclphialtccord.
It is surprising that a paper distin
guished for accuracy of statement as
is the uecora should make a historical
blunder so gross as ia contained in the
foregoing. 1 ho deroronce of the slave
holders toward the fair sex always
bordered closely npon the knightly,
aud tho administrations of slsvnhnld-
ing Presidents abound with appoint
ments of women to postoniccs, though
whole circumstances favored thoy
named sons of widows aa the officer,
from a sentiment of delicacy not en
tertained in the Eastern States, in
order that tho widow might obtain
tbe advantages dorived from oflico
without incurring its humiliation.
An anocdote in point: Mrs. Dick
son (we belie.'o the widow ol a meri
torious soldier) was for many years
postmistress at Lancaster, Pa., then
one of the most important offices in
tho State. Upon the advent of Gen
Harrison to the Presidency, Democratic
postmasters were removed at tho rate
of hundreds daily, and in the Lancas-1
tor otvse it was only a question of who
should be appointed Mrs. Dickson's
successor. But before a result waa
reached, in some remarks denunciatory
of the sweeping removals, Mr. Buchan
an said In tbe Senate tbat even Mrs.
Dickson, tbe widow of soldier, not a
politician, who waa an exceptionally
efficient officer was to be removed to
make room for a hungry male office
seeker, and he proceeded to eulogize
tbe lady in warm and somewhat afloo
tionate terma. Mr. Clay replied, with
much wit and humor, that he inferred
from his bachelor friond from Penn
sylvania had matrimonial designs, and
that if he would avow them as a pos
sible result ho would pledgo bis honor
that the lady should not bo disturbed
in her official relations to the Senator.
Mr. Buchanan replied tbat the lady's
assent was ol courso essential ; that
he bad not yo( obtainod it ; that she
would undoubtedly fool much annoyed
in having tbo matter thus publicly
spokon of, but if that was the condition
of ber continuance in the postoffice,
successful negotiations might be the
result. Mr. Clay impotuously retorted
mat tbo courtship should not be dis
turbed by removal from office ; and all
future attempts to remove Mrs. Dick
son wore confronted with a personal
and earnest request in writing on file
in the department from Mr. Clay tbat
under no circumstances should the
lady be superseded. She remained in
office many years afterward. Clinton
vemocral.
EDUCATIONAL.
BY M. L. McQUOWN.
Oopy furnl.hed by A. R. Road
Tho School Board of Ponn townshin
have adopted the Lippincott series of
readers.
The School Boards of Bradv town.
ship bave purcbasod a school map of
ronnsyivaniaior each of their schools.
The Chost and Jordan townshin
School Boards bave purchased patent
school furniture for some of their school
houses.
The schools of Curwensville and
Clearfield boroughs, oponed lor a six
months term on Monday, Septemhor
12. The attendance at the opening
was large.
Miss Clara Barrett, of Clearfield, has
been omployod as teacher in the Pub
ic Schools of Iloutzdale. and Miss
Marie Moore, of West Clearfield, in
the Osceola Public Schools.
A very successful educational meot-
ng was held in the Bculah Church, at
Rumey, on the evening ol Soplember
1st. Also in the Baptist Church, at
Ansonville, Wednesday evening, Sop
tembor 8.
Teachers witb good certificates and
not already employed, might do well
oy corresponding with either ot tbe
following Secretaries : Dr. Ai. Thorn,
Kylortown; Jamos C. Owons, Now
v ashington ; it. Jr . Dunbar, Woatover:
D. B. Schoonover, Grahamton.
The following are the appointments
mado for the week ending September
10th:
A'noj (oicnjniii Now Millport, Mr.
Slaogcnhaopt; Turkey Hilt, James
Ifobinson; May Hill. Mr. Barto. Cove
Run, Pleasant Dale and other places
to bosuppliod. Salary, 126 per month.
Jordan township Ansonville, Jennie
Neff; Patterson, J. B. Smith; Whit-
more, 1 homas r erran ; Johnson, Lewis
Wright; Glen Run, Lydia Hewitt;
Fruit Hill, Elmer Fink. Salary, 131)
por month.
Ponnville can boast of a good Liter
ary Sooioty, which meets every two
weeks in the Town Hall. The Hall
is a two-story building, the lowor story
of which ia partly ocennied aa a atore
room by McDonald & Spencer. The
npper story is well fitted np with a
stage, drop-curtain, and sceneries, and
is supplied with an organ and a good
library. Among the late accessions to
the library is Apploton's New American
Cyclopndia. The Hall will aeat an
audience of about four hundred. It ia
an educational enterprise vory credita
ble to tho community in and around
Ponnville.
rROUKAHMKS.
Theory represents that all pupils in
the common schools can be taught the
same things in tho same time and with
the same amount of effort. Fa?tsshow
that it cannot bo done. Any teacbor
who cannot get down from a stilted
programme und assist a pupil in trouble
makes a signal failure. Teacher, if
you bavo got a programme, based upon
some dogmatized theory, to which yon
aro trying to cramp a common school,
tear il down. If you are a toacher of
experience, did you never notice the
discouraged, grieved look of a pupil
whom you refused to assist simply be
cause your programme said you must
not f Did you never see a pupil wast
ing his time, and bave him tell you he
did not know what to do? There isa
pupil that needs your help, and you
can givo it if you will leave that pro
gramme. orEXixa the schools.
Practically, the school yoar begins
in Soptombor. At this moment mill
ions of children are soon wending their
way along tho city streets, along the
highway in the conntry towards tho
school-room, Hundreds of thousands
of toachers will wolcome them. Cer
tainly ono cannot but be filled with
doep emolinn whon be contemplates
the sccno. For the occasion is furnish
ed for oxorting an influence tbat will
last forever.
H'Aflf faith there is in the school.
Could we by some magic means see
Ibis Immense army of children on their
way, wo should comprehend more
clearly the expoctant fooling in the
minds of tho parents. Tboy tool that
they can part with their preoioua chil
dren tiocauBO tho toacher will do them
a greater good.
What inadequate prparation hat
been made by many communitiet I Neg
lected, unsightly buildings ; neglected
and unsightly furniture. These things
produco lasting impressions. One gen
eration accustomed to such a scene,
thinks it good onough for the next
Uncomtortablo scats, no apparatus, no
attractive features are the rale.
There is no advance on the past. As
tho teaching was last year, so it will
be this yoar. 1 here waa a young un
tried person in the toacber'a place last
year, and there is another of tho same
sort this year. The routino of classes
in reading, etc., pursues its round.
Tho activity demanded by childhood
is suppressed ; thoro soon settled down
on tho children a stupor Just such as
precoded last vacation.
The teaeher deali Kith the fact! of
arithmetic, etc., but omits the facte cf
life. The children learn to recite the
words in their books, but they learn
nothing of nature, nothing of science,
nothing of what is close al band. Let
us not undervalue the brave and con
scientious teachers in our land, but let
na ask, Have they a slock of general
knowledge t Bits of biography and
history, lacts about cities, events, a
knowlcdgo of authors and Inventors, a
comprehension of the way in which
tho world's work is carried on how
these brighten the pupil's path I
The vxrrk in the schools it too often
not in accordance vtth the prinaplci of
education. The course of study is fol
lowed closely, there are questions and
answors, but queerly enough no edu
cational processes. The power teach
lies in the teacher not in the thing
learned. Skill dovisee a way in which
a piece of glass shall make an invisible
thing to be clearly seen. Skill, we
say, does this; it is skill in the teacher
tbat teaches N. Y. School Journal.