TUB
'CLEARFIELD BE PI CMC A J,"
CLUAKFlfc-LD, PA.
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O. B. GOODLANDKR,
Fubll.h.r.
auttcrs' (Cards.
jj w. SMITH,
ATTORKEY-AT-LAW,
H:1:7S Clearfield, Pa.
J J. LIXGLE,
ATTOBNBY-AT - LAW,
M.t Phlllpubtirg, Outre Co., Pi. y:pd
JOT.AND D. 8WOOPH,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Curwt-DiTlUe, Clearfield ooanty, Pa.
oct. , '78-if.
QSCAK MITCHELL,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
CLKARF1KLD, PA.
COT-OHloe In Hi" Optra Ilouao. octO, '79 If.
Q II. & W. BARRETT,
ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELORS AT LAW,
CLEARFIELD, PA.
January 30, 1S78.
pRAEL TEST,
ATTORN R Y AT LAW,
Clearrlold, Pa.
sr-Oflieo on. door eait of Sbew Hoate.
IJJ",'"
M. M. McCULLOUGlT,
ATTORNKV AT LAW,
CLEARFIELD, PA.
oft:, in RlA.ooio bulldlog, Second llreet, op
r.,ile tho Court llou.e. je2,'78-tf.
yy O. ARNOLD,
LAW & COLLECTION OFFICE,
Ct'IlWENSVILLR,
Clearll.ld Count?, Ponn'B. IS;
(i T. liUOCKUANK,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
CLEARFIELD, PA.
ofWe in Opera Houao. tp 10,77-ly
s
JM1TII V. WILSON,
.(oriiri-f-i.air,
CI.rAll J-IKI.O, - - PEXN'A.
jr-T-ORice in lbo Mniobio Building, orer the
CmidIj National look. (unrM-SO.
.Wl.l.uu A. wit,t.Ar-B.
haiiut r. WALLA. B.
niTin l. bbsm.
JOHB W. WBIBLBT.
lf ALLACK 4 KUHBS,
IT (Huioeeeore to Wallace Fleldinc)
A T TOHNEYS-AT-LAW,
j ,nl'77 Clcarllold, P.
I l' SN YD Kit,
V o
ATTOBKKV AT LAW,
CLEARFIELD, PA.
oiVict ovr tht C'junly National Bank.
June M, '75lf.
IH. H, bubbat.
r But .oar-oa.
jJURIUY & GORDON,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
CLKAUFIELD, PA.
,Jft-Offlco la Tl.'f Opera Ilouae, toeuiid floor.
riLLIAM A. IIAGERTY,
,rrroH.re -."-r..i ir,
(II-1 H i; over T. A. Fleck Co.'a Store,
CLEARFIELD, PESN'A
(frWIII mend to all local bu.lnet. with
jiiomptnCM nod Bdolity. lfbl 1,'HIMf.
sura i. a aifiLLT.
DANiai. w. a coiot.
M'
cEXALLY & McCUliDY
ATTORN EYS-AT-LAW,
( Irarflftld, Pa.
Left"' baainan ttnlej to promptly with)
a lolity. (itfin on tfeeund troet, nboTO :b Firot
tionnl Uank. jon:i:70
J K. McRKSRICR,
DisTnicT attokkey!
CLKAKKIKLI), PA.
All lejc.il buiiocM entrucUd to hU oarr will rt
orlvo prompt attention.
irr Office tn tho Court Houtt.
u(14.IH7H.1t.
4 G. KilAMEK,
iVo
A T T O It N E Y - A T - L A W .
RrI Eftnte and Colleotlon Agiat,
('1.EAKPIKM). PA.,
Will promptly attend to all lege. bititniM
trootf-l tn nil ear.
r-Offioo in Ple'i Opera Houo. Jaol70.
JOHN L. CUTTLE,
ATTORNEY AT LAW.
nd Heal Katate Acut. Ifartiflrt, Pa.
Office on Third itreot, bet.Chorrj A Wnlnst,
l4rRftipeotfullj off en bit errleeiln aelllof
and buying landi In Clearfield snd adjoining
mantlei and with an oiperlenee ot orertwentv
yttrt aa a enrTojer, latter a hlmeelf that ho eaa
render eatlefaUon. L'D- aosnflin,
yiiBjiflans' (Cards.
J-)R. E. M. SCHEUKKR,
HOMtKOPATHIO PUY8IC1AS,
Offloe la rraldearo oa Flnt at.
April H, 1871. Cltarfl.ld, Pa.
jy W. A. MEANS,
fllYSlOIAN & SURGE OS,
DUBOIS CITY, PA.
Will attend proferalona! call, promptly. au10'70
T. J. 1SOTER,
PHYSICIAN AND SUROKON,
OBoo oa Market Slraot, Clearo.ld. Pa.
VOBoo koarli I to U a. ., and 1 to I p. m.
D
R. J. KAY WRIGLKY,
nOMtKPATIUO PIIY8IOIAX,
IMr-OXn adjolalai tho roaldeoo. of Jeoaee
riRloy, K., oa aood St., Clearfield, Pa.
Jolj.1l,'; tt.
p V. JENKINS, M. D.,
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON,
CURWENSVILLE, PA.,
Oftoee at realdeaoo ooroor of State and Piao
I rr.t. Job. a, Ul-lf.
JJR. U. B. VAN VALZAH,
C I.RARPIBI.n, PRNN'A.
OFFICE IN HESIDKNCE, CORNSB 0 FIRST
AND PINK 8THKKTS.
A OBco koore Prom II la I P. H.
May II, 1171.
1)
U. J. I. BUKCH FIELD,
Late Sarfeoaof Ike HI Reglmoat, PeaBiyleaala
Volaatoon, barlo, rolaraed from tbo Army,
ofere kl. profooiloaal lerrleea ta tbeeltiiena
of uiearlold ooaaty,
oWProf.ealoaaloalLi araUr atteaied lo,
Moo aa geoead itraai, f.rmerlywpled by
CLEARFIELD j&k REPUBLICAN.
GEO. B. G00DLANDEB, Editor
VOL. 55-WHOLE NO.
Cards.
IOB PRINTING OF EVERY DESCRIP
tioo BMallv .totaled at tkil edlr.
JtTHTIL'E.X' OV COHHTAHI.tei' KKW
W. baro printed a larae nautber of th. a.
FEE RILL, and will oa the nnlpl of twentj
It. n.nta. mall a nope t. anj addrea. BtrtA
7 ILLIAM M HEKRY, Jubtioi
of run Vmxcm asd BcntriNBa, LliMUKR
CITY. Collect lone mil and oiunay promptly
peid over. Artielet of ftKretiuieiit atiil dteJn ul
ftonfoyonoe aently &eutd bd wnrranted cof
net or no oliri;e. 1 ljj'7 J
JOHN D. THOMPSON,
J u it lee of tho Peace anil Scrivener,
CurweniTllIri Pa.
Vfu Collection! mule and money promptly
peid over. fel23'71lf
HENRY BRFTIl,
(oitkhd r. o.) (
JUSTICE OF THE PEACE
FOB BBLL TOW!.aHtr.
Ha; 8, l78-lj
JAMES MITCHELL,
DBiLBB IB
Sijuare Timber & Timber Landw,
)ein3 CLEARFIELD, PA.
4 V. IIOYT,
cV.
Land Surveyor and Civil Eugir.ee
PUILIPriDl RIl, PA.
jIAt All bu.lnra. will be atteaie ! to romttlT.
Deo. 15, ISS0 Ir.
REUBEN HACKMAN,
House and Sign Painter and Paper
Hanger,
Mearfleld, Peuu'a.
W1I1 execute lobl in bli line protuptlj and
In a workmanlike manner. 04,67
RANK FIELDING
AND
WJLLIAM D. 15KJLER,
.irroii.reri-jr.i.i ir,
CLEARFIELD, PA.
Not. I7tb, 18S0 If.
WEAVER & BETTS,
Dr.ALEBII IB
Real Estate, Square Timber, Saw Legs,
AND LI MBER OP ALL KINDS.
B BBB-- IlM.ia naa UaaAi.nil liuat laa oaaBt nf llnra
r in of George Wrnver k Co. janV. '78-U.
RICHARD HUGHES,
JUSTICE OF THE PEACE
FOB
Ittealur Tatrnihip,
Oeeeola Mil). P. O.
All nbluial bo.luein ontro.ted to bim will bo
promptly attended to. nch29, '78.
rjAHRY SNYDER,
11 BARBKR AND HAIRDRESSER.
Shop on Market St., oppoilte Court tlonie.
A clean towel Tor every eurtomer.
Alao dealer ia
Ut Biauria of Tobacco and t'lara.
rtKrflfl.ld. mey 10, 7ft.
JAMES H. TURNER,
JU8TICR OK TUB PBACK,
W alleretou, Pa.
CwIIe hna prepared bimielf with all the
neoeamry blank furina nnder tho Penaluo and
boutfly lawa, aa oll aa blank DteJi, et. Ail
legal matter entruited to hi care will receive
prompt attention. May 7th, lO'V-tf.
A
NDUEW UAKW1CK,
Market ttlrcat, Clrartlcld, Pa.,
M AN l' FACTO RBB ABO DBALBB IB
Harness, Bridlel, Saiiilln, Collars, and
Horse-Furnishing Goods.
pqlrAII kind! of repairing promptly attended
to. rtadlera' Hardware, llor. Bruibea, Carry
Cotuba, Ao., Blwaya on hand and for aalo at tbo
loweat oaab prioo. Mrcb IV, l7.
G. H. HALL,
PRACTICAL PUMP MAKER,
NEAR CLEARFIELD, PENN'A.
aa m r aalwa. nn rmnd ainl ntFiftat In order
on abort nottoo. Pipei bored on reaaonabloterma.
All work warranted to render aatlBlaction, and
delivered if deitred. myiouypu
Uvery Stable.
'Ill B noderalRned btf leave to iniurm thepab-
X h that he ia now folly preparW to accommo
date all In the way of furniihlng lU.iea, buRgiea,
Haddlea and Ilarneaa, on tho abort it notiee and
en roatonahlo torma. Realdeneoon Loeuatatroot,
between Third and Fonrth.
UKO. W. ORARI1ART.
Olearfleld. Feb. 4, 1A74.
THOMAS H. FORCEE,
dialrb ia
GENERAL MERCHANDISE,
C.RAll AMTON, Pa.
Alao, extcntlve manufacturer and dealer In Square
Tim her and sawed Lumber or all kinda.
-Ordn lolldlted and all Will- promptly
Ailed. tjylJ7I
S, I. SNYDER,
PRACTICAL WATCHMAKER
L Watches, Clocks and Jowelry,
Graknm't How, Mnrktt Strut,
I. K AH FILM), PA.
All kind of repairing Id my lire promptly at
ended to. Jan. lal, 1870.
jam ri Kiaa.
CAaauLL L. aiUDLI,
(leurfiphl Insurance Agency.
UK It It tt II I It It Lt:, .1 grills,
Reprerenttbo follnwinir; Bad otber llrat-etoai Co'a
Companlee. A..rta.
LlTtrpool London A Ob.be V. . Br..tl,3HI.
Lyootnlng on mutual A oaab plani,..H 0,000,000
Phianii, of Hartford, Oono J24,08.1
Inauranoe Co. of Norlh Ainerira 0,4:tS,074
Norlb Brltl.h A Merrenlile U.S. Br.. 1.7MJ,Sfl3
Hrottl.h Commercial I' 8. Branrb 7, 146
Waterlnwn t4,tll
Trarelere (Life A Aeoldeot) 4,ii,Hi
Office oa Market rit., ofp. Court lloute, Clear,
(eld. Pa. Jonol,'7l) tr
Insurance Agency
or
WILLIAM 0. HELMB0LD,
fallen Itlotk, llirtrrntville, Pa.
Companies Represented i
CoioiBeielBl Union Int. Co , Atoetl ..0(H.70J II
Firrmen'i Fond Ini. Co.,Ae.ela. 1. 1 flfl.0 1 7..U
I nioB In.uraaoe Co.. AmU I.UO.OSf.ilO
Trarelere' Aeoidenl I.e. Co . A.eete.. ,S!,lt 71
Inlnrano. ploeed oa all bioda of properly at
enuitablo rotoa.
CurweniTille, Pa, Feb. If, IMI-lf.
West End Drug Store,
IN GRAHAM'S ROW,
' (Half way bol wera Moeoop'a and Flook'a
tor...
CLEARFIELD, PA.
srri
ffpili anderlKne bat opened ap a Dro Slora,
1 wilb a full eupply of perloetly poro and
lr..h Drore, Medlelnel, Cbemleale and Toilet
Artlelee. Tbea. Dru,i baTO beea eelett.d wltb
real ear. and are (uarBBiood I. a. aorfeotly
pure Bad reliable. I will flee ejy peraonal alloo
Uoa t. tbla d.I.eHmeel, ead will obeorlally (Ire
an, adrle. aadUfonaalloolnreerd tomedleiBBl
fr-.fek.tr.. DR. T. i. BOk'MR.
(tarteld, Pa, Dot. 1, 1MO-U.
& Proprietor.
2,713.
TIIK GItKAT niVIDE.
SPEECH
OF
SE.AT0B AVm. A. WALLACE.
On the Eiver and Harbor Bill.
Character and Coal of Internal Im-
provemenls Made Under the Di
rection of CongreB and which
arn Paid for Out of tho
Taxes of Iho People of
the United States.
Thij river and barbor appropriation
bill lioirirf undor conBidoratioti in the
So unto tho lullowiop; re murk 8 were
nintlo by Senator Wallace :
Mtt. I'I'F.side.nt : 1 have said nolhing
upon this bill up to this present time ;
but I cannot vote lor it. It contains
provisiona vrbiub aro utterly Qjrainat
my belief, my teaching, and, I bolioTe,
atruinst tbo interest ot my people. I
think that I have voted fur but one
river and barbor bill during the six
yeara 1 have been in tho Senate. I
Hhull not vole lor this bill, for it is
doublo the size of many that I have
voted against. It is enormous in its
proKrtions. Every inluton the coattt
and on the I tikes and evory mountain
Klrcum in certain localities are to be
improved ; money is to be expended
upon ibem to begin the work or im
provements are to be continued or a
survey is to be made, and to do all
these tho money of the people is taken
in million and devoted to what I think
is an improper and unlawful nso.
The tli ini seetinn in this bill is the
entering wedgo to vast expenditures
in tho future. It has been so in tbo
past. It opens a vista before us ol
enormous expenditures for tho federal
government for the improvement of
many mountain streams that ought to
be, that have been, and in my view ought
to continuo to be exclusively under
Stale control.
1 do not believe that the people of
Pennsylvania want I lie federal govern
ment to aid us to improve the Susque
hanna, although it flows through tbe
State from fiew York to Maryland,
for it is not naturally navigable but it
is a great stream in which a hundred
millions might beoxpended in a system
of slack. water navigation and dams,
and it could thus be utilized to bring
to tide-water our lumber, our coal, our
minerals ol every kind, and our gram.
Hut it is almost totally within the State;
it is not in its natural condition capa
bio of ascending trade, and it is not
navigublo in the Bcnse of tho com
mercial powers of the Constitution, and
our people havo novorcome hereto
ask its improvement by t;ongres. he
Staio has exercised jurisdiction over it,
has fhadu grants of water power from
it, erected dnms upon it, and vested
lights have grown up under this juris
diction that Congrissionul control
would destroy.
lbo third section of tho bill is the
entering wedgo to largo expenditure
as it has been in tho past. Every State
and Territory in tho Union was repre
sented in tho bill of last year except
Aluslia, and is, 1 believe, also in this
ono. Every loculily scorns represented
annually in tho river and harbor bill,
a survey ordered upon streams in every
locality lor the usclul enu thai voles
may bo bad for lbo bill, and that too
without rogaru to the national value
of either Ihe stream or tho improve
ment Step tollows step in tho pro
cess of securing voles and money.
Let ds examino the surveys ordered
by rivor and harbor bills since
1870. Toko up tho figures of theso
bills, and we find that from 1870 to
1 880 there have been six hundred and
eightcon survoj'B ordered by these bills,
ami this bill adds nearly sixty more.
In 1873 thoro woro but twcniy eight
surveys, but last year tho bill ordered
ono hundred and eighteen. They aro
entering wedges, tho hand is drawn in
by this process, and tho body follows.
The survey ordered, then tho estimates
como, and thon follows bills for the
money, such as tho present ono, and
thus the gross amount increases and
the money of tho people is lovishly
expended.
Tho number of stirvoys ordered since
17U is as follows :
By art of .tuly II, 1870 J
lie aot of March , 1871 ... I. J
Ily aot of June 10, IT1 63
Bv ant of March 3, 1873 2S
Br ant of Juno 10, 1874 S3
By act of MarobS, 1870 40
lly aotof Aoru.t 14. 1870 I
Ily aotof Jnoo IS, 1878 07
ri, ant of March 1,18711 7
By act of IK80 1 IS
Total SIS
What is this process ? It is simply
each man fighting for his own locality
and not for the good of tho whole.
Each man cares for himsolf anil bis
own locality in place of standing by
that which is plainly national and
abiding by the teaching of tho fathers
and the meaning and letter of tho
Constitution,
1 make no charge that men seek
by this process lo have money expend
ed for personal gain ; but I say that
each Senator and each member cares
tor his own loculily and forgets tho
general good, and the bill as it passes
comes to be a log-rolling process in tbo
highest sense. In tho past It bad got
lo no a rule that these bills passed
without permission for debate or scru
tiny, but this ono is an exception.
This bill was debated in tho House,
and 1 am glad to see even this progress.
Vet it is fated to be passed, and it seems
lo me that it is a truism that the
meaner tbe bill is, the bigger it is, tho
surer it is to pass.
If wo tuke up tho reports ot the
engineers wo find that in 1870 there
were but C3f pages of reports mado by
them, whilo in 1880 thero were 2,319
pages ot reports from the engineers,
muking nearly four times as many in
1880 as there wero In 1870 and this
with a Domocratio Congress half tho
lime.
Then watch the growth of expendi
tures. In 1870 tho bill was about
t2,OllO,000 ; in 1871 under fj 1.000 000 ;
in 1872 a triflo uvor 1,0110,000; in
187.1, a.BOO.OOO; In 1874, 16,000,000;
in 187, when wo camo into power,
(5,218,000, there being a spasm of
economy; in 1870 it watt 1(1,643,000;
in 1877 we got it back again loto.OOO,.
000 ; in 187:1 there wan no appropria
lion; In 1879 it swelled Itself to 18,.
200,000 ; In 1880 it was 17,800,000 ;
and in 1881, that is for tho cnirunl
year, about 10,000,000 ; and to day it
swells itself to butwooti 111,000,000
and 112,000,000.
.Mr, Kernan Eloven millions and a
half.
Mr. Teller Elovon millions and
about six hundred thousand dollars.
Mr. Wallaoo On the legal aspoct
of tho subject, I shall quote what I
aid before whon a bill oi this charac
ter was np:
Our power to make these appropria.
lions oomes from the power in the
Constitution "to regnlato commerce
among the Stales." "Commerce among
the Statos are tbe words of the
Constitution. Ag 1 understand the
CLEARFIELD,
authorities, commorco means and in
includes navigation ; commorco among
tho States mcanB and includes in
tercourse between Ihcm. Naviga
tion, as applied to this clauso,
means as well ascending as descending
navigation. Without both the stream
is not navigable water ot tho United
States. Intercourse means not com
merce and traffic simply from one
Stato by a water course at its flood
into another without tho power and
means ol returning, but also an oppor
tunity for tbe productinnsof thatolbor
Stato to traverse the highway and carry
its products to market. Anavigablo
highway is a water which possesses
the capacity of ascending as well as
of descending.
Intercourse means inter State traffic.
When wo find a liver that has at its
flood a descending navigation, but is
naturally in such a condition that it is
not navigable in theothordiroction, then
wo have no navigable water ot the U m
ted States within moaning of tho Con
stitution and tho decisions under it to
which wo can lawfully appropriate
money The general principle is that
where a river is not navigable in fact,
that Congress has no control ovor it,
but that its control belongs exclusively
to the Slates, and that whether such
a stream is a part of a continuous lino
from a navigublo stream, naturally
navigable, into another State, or
whether lilies wholly within the Stato,
is immaterial. If a river bo navigable
in fact within a Slate as a part of a
continuous line ol communication, Con
gross has power to appropriate money
to improve it so fur as it is so navignble
under the powor to regit luto commerce.
If it lio wholly within a Slnto and bo nav
igublo in fact,if not apartofaconlinuous
lino ot communication, Congress bus
no control over it, and it belongs to tho
State to regulate its commorco. If it
bo a part of a continuous lino from
without to within a State, but its char
acter is sucb that no ascending navi
gation in fact exists, nor can naturally
exist, thon Congress has no Control over
it under this power, but the jurisdiction
of tho Stale is exclusive.
Apply these doctrines, theso rules of
law, the now settled law, not the
theories and dogmas ot fifty years ago,
but tho luw that has grown up from
lbo necessities of your ever-expanding
commerce, that which has como tVom
tho growth of your country, that
which has crystalized itself through
the decisions of tho Supreme Court
upon the powor to regulate commerce
among the Statos. Apply these doc
trines to our present bill for improving
rivers, for appropriating money to thul
object, and we have thequnotinn settled.
tho rivers to which wo may give
tho monoy of tho United States are
those which tho Constitution of the
United States as interpreted by tho
Supreme Court havo recognized to be
navigable waters of the United States,
and those, and those alono, are such as
are navigable m fact, and are avenues of
imcr-Stuto commerce.
In this bill thero are many instances
of appropriations of monoy to rivers
which are not navigable rivers within
tho meaning of tbe Constitution and
laws. It is not a question of a short
river reaching from a lako into a State.
Such a stream may be navigable for
but ton miles and still be within the
purview of the general power. Tbe
doctrines of tbo Constitution as in
terpreted by the Supreme Court aro
our platform, and the decisions of tho
Court have followed the progressive
march of I hut commorco which the
intenso desiro of our countrymen for
gain has pushed to its furthest limits
in tbe development ot tbo natural
highways and internal arteries of our
great net work of lakes and rivers.
Mr. Bailey I concur in a largo do
gree with what the Senator has said,
hut is there uny Constitutional objec
tion lo the passage of such a bill ?
Mr. Walluco What I understand to
be tho law and the Constitution as de
dared by the Supreme Court is that
rivers and streams tbat are not in
themselves navigable cannot be im
proved by the federal government, but
that they aro exclusively within tho
control ot the states.
Mr. Hereford It the Sonator will
allow mo, 1 will say that there is a
decision ol tho Supreme Court directly
the opposite
Mr. Wallace Gentlemen are enti
tled to their opinion of what tho law
is, and I am entitled to mine.
Mr. iluilcy Will the Senator por
mit me to ask bim the question, wheth
er tho admiralty jurisdiction has not
been extended ovor all the navigablo
streams of tho country, navigable from
the ocean up to tbe very souico itself,
provided they are navigablo 7
Mr. Wallace True; but then it
comes back to tbe question, what is a
navigable stream T When a stream in
the Spring of tbe year has merely de
scending navigalioaand no navigation
of any character at any other soason
of the year, 1 do not understand it to
bo navigable in tho sonso of federal
control.
Mr. llailcy Will the Senator permit
me to ask bim to what extent the bill
provides for streams that are naviga
ble in the manner he speaks of ?
Mr. W'alllaoe There is ono appro
priation 1n tho bill for improvement of
part of a stream two hundred miles
irom tide, and you could not get to
that point with a scow in August.
Mr. Huiley Which stream is that?
Mr. Walluco A part of a rivor in
Pennsylvania.
Mr. llerolord Then I ask tho Sen
ator why ho doos not movo to striko
it out? It is in the Senator's own
State, let him move to strike it out.
Mr. Wallace It has como heroin
tbe bill from the House,
Mr. Hereford 1 will Inform tho
Senator that that very appropriation
was put in there at his request,
Mr. Wallace The Sonatorisuttorly
mistaken. I havo never askod for such
an appropriation or any other of such
a character.
Mr. Hereford Last year the Sena
tor did.
The Presiding Ofllcor Senators will
please address the chair. Tho Senator
from Pennsylvania has the floor.
Mr. Wallace TheSonatoris utterly
mistaken, 1 nover asked for any ap
propriation for the State of Pennsyl
vania except for tho navigable streams
thereof; tor tbo Dolaware and Schuyl
kill uptothocity.by which to send our
great commorco from Philadelphia to
the sea; for tho barbor of Krio and
the rivers Ohio, Monnngahela and Alio
ghenr at Pittsburgh. 1 have nevor
asked for any other improvement by
the genoral government for our Slate
I behove our people want none such.
Wo want to maintain State control
over our rivers and to preserve them
within our jurisdiction, so that our
factories, furnaces, and mills may koop
the water-power vested undor State
authority. We think that Pennsylva
nia is able to cars for herself, as she
has done in the past, and we do not
want the federal government to come
within the Slate and aid in tbe im
PRINCIPLES, NOT MEN.
PA., WEDNESDAY, MARCH 16, 1881.
provement of streams not naturally
navigablo and thereby uproot our in
dustries, destroy our dams, and render
uaoless our water-powers. Itivor and
harbor bills bore have always passed
against my vote, against my wish,
agaiust tho will of my pcoplo as I be.
lievo, but tho provisions which mako
Ibese local improvements havo been
ropoatedly in tho bills without my re
quest, because thoy camo from tbe
llouso. 1 have voted against them
always, although it is truo, as said, thai
Pennsylvania has had appropriations
for the improvement of the Kiski
minelas. Mr. McMillan If wo din take tbo
sentiment of Pennsylvania us represent
ed by tbe memborsof the Housoof Uep
rcsonlativcs, elected directly by tho
people, tho mombors wore over hero
and in the presunee ot the benato
Committee asked .'appropriation for
other riverain that Statu, tho Voughio.
gheny, pressing It upon us, and it was
refused by the Committco because tho
stream was not such as was capable of
navigation,
Mr. Wallace I have no doubt of it.
Mr. McMillan I think tho mem
bers of tho other House, elected direct
ly by the pooplo, ropresont tho pcoplo
of that Stato as well as the Senator
from Pennsylvania.
Mr. W alluce Ibis is a question that
1 will sotllo with my people, and it is
not for tho Senator from Minnesota to
dictate to' me what 1 should Bay upon
this flour. I want the Sctiutur from
Minnesota to understand that X am
hero expressing what 1 believe to be
the sentiment ot my people, and the
Senutor has no right to dictate to me
what 1 shall say on Ibis or any other
subject.
Mr. McMillan 1 havo attempted no
dictution to the Senutor from 1 enn
sylvania. Tbo PresidingOnioor Will tho Sen
ator Irom Pennsylvania yield lo the
Senator from Minnesota?
Mr. Wallace Certainly.
Mr. McMillan I attempted no dic
tation to tbo Senator from Pennsylva
nia as to tho course ho should toko. I
merely cited the fact to show that
thoro wero Jiepresentatives directly
from tho peoplo of tho Stalo who
differed from him in opinion.
Mr. V allaco Certainly. I have no
doubt about that, as there may bo In
lbo Stato ot the Senator from Minne
sota, but that does not affect me in my
opinion, nor do I boliove they express
the wishof ourpeopleasto the streams
of that character.
Mr. President, I believe the theory
of this bill on this subject to bo wrong.
1 am conscientious in my convictions
thereon ; I need only cite what has oc
curred in tho past in the great Slates
ot IV ew lork and 1'ennsylvania as lo
their internal improvements to show
the basis of my views. Did we whon
we built our great system of canols
ask the federal government to aid us?
Nothing ol the kind ; but we taxed
our own people to build them. The
State depended upon itselt. It had not
then lonrned to lean Icebly on the arm
of tho general government. Take two
instances now, ihe caso of tho Fox and
Wisconsin river, in Wisconsin, and that
of tho Great Kanawha river, in West
Virginia. They wero improvod for asim
ilar purpurpose lo those of tho canals
from tido-wator in Pcnn'a to the Ohio,
and from tho Hudson to the lakes in
Now York. The genoral government
has made large appropriations for
the rivers in West Virginia and in Wis.
cousin. Thoy were lo make connec
tions botwecn tlieeastern and wostorn
waters also, but it in the days of He
Witt Clinton New York had como here
lo ask f or money to make a water line
of communication from the Hudson to
the lakes through her own territory it
would havo been regarded as a mon
strosity by her people. It would havo
been utterly antagonistic to their idea
of tho law. Therefore, thoy taxed
tbemsulves as Pennsylvania taxed her
self and hor peoplo. Their moneys
thus expended aided in the commorco
ot the whole country, and their people
owned the wbolo. Now, local wants
and local needs Bock help at tho federal
treasury, instead nt sclf rclinnco and
Statecontrol.
Compuro tho monoy oxponded on
these two schemes of internal improve
mcnt with thut spout on tho ono great
navigable highway of our State. The
amount expended on Ihe Fox and Wis
consin rivers, showing a total of t-
040,000, and for the Great Kanawha
11,190,000 since 1875. The Delaware
rivor with the upper bay that floats
tho commorco of the Stalo of Penn
sylvania Irom the portol Philadelphia,
from 1824 up to 1881, receivod all told
but 8603,000.
Tbe great rivers and harbors of tbo
country it seems to me aro noglocted
and their commorco suffers, while in
dentations on tho coast aro dignified
by tho name ot harbors, and aro Im
proved, and croeksund mountain stream
are sought to bo made navigablo. Tbe
number of improvements projoctod In
the third section and the amount of
appropriations made to objects that are
outside of the scope of federal power,
render this bill most objectionable. As
to tho Mississippi river Improvement
1 take no issue except aa lo th. lara.
amount given, lor that is a subject of
national character and deserving our
caro.
1 no not desiro to detain the Senate
further upon this subject. I might
tako up this bill and point out tbe
many incongruities that aro in it, but
thoy have been shown airain and
again, I believe that tho tendency
toward centralization of tho govern
ment can find scope in no more insid
ious guise than it does in this bill.
Lavish expenditures for objects which
aro peculiarly wilhin the province of tbe
Statu aro made by this bill. Instead
of being sell reliant, tbo States are
taught to appeal lo Congress. II a
pior in a harbor needs mendiug, or
needs lo bo erected, or a channel of a
creek is to be widened lor the egress
of a raft, the general government is
appealed to and thus becomes the
fountain of all power, of all wealth
and greatness, and tho Slates sink from
thoir proud position ol sovereignty
into beggars and dependents on tbo
federal powor. '
Under sucb a system all notions of
policy which formerly divided parties
are confounded. I regret to see it, but
wo may as well recognize the lacL It
is here on this side of the Senate, on
tho Democratic side. The gap stands
widoly open ; Senators must lace the
existing fact. Tbo teachings of some
ol our brother Senators are different
from those of others. Ono man be
lleves in one doctrine and one policy,
and anolhor man believes in another
and a totally different doctrine and
policy, I can but believe that this is
not simply personal or local, but that
thoir modes ol thought and political
education causo Ibem lo differ thus
widely from others of thoir political
brethren upon this floor, My teach
ing, my beliel, my Judgment today
cause me lo favor a strict cjonslraction
of tho federal Constitution, and henco
to vote appropriations under tbe com
mercial power only to thoso objects
that are clearly and plainly within tho
purview ol the federal Constitution to
thoso rivers and harbors that are navi
gable in fact. Can it bo tbat tho strict
constrnctionis who jealously watches
every encroachment of federal powor
abandons bis fear when centralization
comes with the suuar coatingof an ap
propriution for river and harbors?
I nder tho magic influence of such a
measure as this, tbe latitudiuarian and
tbo strict constructionist aro found
jKg'nr along together in the samo
conveyance,and centralization so much
dreaded seems to- lose its dangers
whon it comes annually in tho form of
millions through a rivor and harbor bill.
Mr. President, 1 havespokon whatl
beliovo to be the sentiments of tho
poople of my Stale aa lo this bill. 1
shall not detain the Sonuto longer. 1
cunnot vote lor the bill. 1 believe it
involvos a departure from the doctrines
of tho Constitution and tho teachings
of the fathers of tho organization to
which I belong.
TELEQRAril RET A I HERS.
Every one has seen a "lino man"
walk up a telegraph pole as readily as
il he wore eoing up a flight of stairs.
With a quick, nervous jurk of the foot
he drives tho spurs into the wood and
lakes a firm hold every time. This
dexterity comos from practice. It looks
dungerous when a man is near the top
of lbo pole, but that there is really lit
tle dangor is proved by tho fuct that
accidents very rarely occur. The men
boeomo accustomed to working at a
groat beight, and mind il no more than
sailors on a ship. An experienced man
looks out for rotten poles and rotten
cross-beams, and once confident ol
these, bo loels no further alarm. He
hangs on by bis legs as cleverly as a
monkey by its tail, and thus bus Ihe
free use of his arms and hands.
The spurs aro of steel and consist of
a flat bar with a bend, which passes
undor the instep. A sharp point pro
jects diagonally downward so as to
bear a heavy weight from abovo. 1 be
greator the weight tho deeper the point
sinks, and tbo wood would havo to bo
vory rotten for it to slip. Il leaves bo
hind on the polo thoso quoor little boles,
which so much resemble tho work ot a
woodpeckor on a tieo.
Tbe line mon aro divided into two
classes, climbers and ground men. Tbo
latter rank littlo higher than ordinary
laborers, but in time, if they are anx
ious to loarn, they graduate into climb
ers. Climbers are paid from 1 40 to
875 a month, and at present are in
great demand owing to the large amount
ol telegraph construction going on
throughout tho country, uronndmcn
dig holes, plant poles, carry wire, and
do whatever other labor is necessary.
Ihe climber is provided with a pair
of pliers, a band-vise and a strap. Ho
catches up tho broken ends of wiro,
draws them together with the vise and
strap, and splices tbem with the pliers.
Care is takon to Icavo a certain slack,
so as to allow for contraction by cold
in Winter. In largo cities a number
of climbers are kept constantly on duty
at the central office, so as to be sent
out at a moment's notico to repair a
break. It a polo falls, prompt action
is taken. Tbe fullen portion is chop
ped into sections and dragged out of
the way of truffle. Tbe slump is dug
out. It a hole is to bo dug, it is bored
with a great earth auger, which does
its work more neatly and quickly than
spades.
It is easy to locate a break in lbo
city, whero line men aro constantly on
the lookout, but in tbe country it is a
differont tiling. Lino men, who are
necessarily climbers, are engaged by
the month, and have each a certain
tract of lino assigned to thoir care. If
tho linos run along a railroad a man
has control ol an averago of filly miles.
In caso of a break ho travels on a bag
gage or hand car to the place of trouble.
These line men are under tho control
ot certain head offices, and can he con
centrated at any serious point of dam
ago. In many instances the operators
at unimportant stations also act as lino
men, and this is a part of their regular
duly. Where tho operator works on
commission, he is paid extra for ht
lino work. IHho line runs on a turn
pike away from a railroad the lino man
has only filloon miles under his care.
He is obliged to live within call ol the
noarent station, and to bo ready to go
out at any time. Night orduy, hot or
cold, bo must bo prepared to start for
tbo scene of trouble Tho linos ofton
run through desolate places, on tho
sides of mountains, and in wide prairies.
Tho lino man on horseback dashes
from pole to polo following tho wires
with his practiced eye. Ho often camps
out all night, for ho must not stop un
til tho work is completed. In the
Winter somo of theso men travel on
snow shoes, and out West they have
had the strango experience of digging
down tothewires.whoretho snow was
so deep as to cover the poles. It is a
rulo that tho lino man must go over
the lino onco a week, to seo thul tho
polos aro in order and to replace bro
ken insulators. His hours of toil are
ofton repaid by days of easo. Iio is
alert for duty, but may have nothing
to do for a iong time. His pay con
tinues just the samo, and as long as he
keeps within call, he can do whnt ho
pleases.
Tho telegraph companies would like
to run their wires underground, but
they find it won't work. They have
boon unable to insulato tho wires so
that they will work properly for any
length of time. This compels tho use
of poles, which are gonorally of two
kinds, ccdur or chestnut. Cedar is the
lightest, trimmest and best looking,
but chestnut last longer. Wires lust
from six to eight yours, llust Is thoir
great enemy, and smoko is another foe.
Neither wires nor poles aro expensive.
Labor is the groat item in making re
pairs, and in times when thoro is uni
versal disaster to linos the companies
havo to pay high wages. X. Y. Sun.
A Babt Bonn wiTn Turn. Tbo
ruro distinction of having a baby born
with teeth attached to Mrs. Eleanor
McMunus, of No. 805 McKoan street,
Philadelphia. This rcmarkublo child
saw the light for tbe first time on last
Wednosday, and displayed about tho
first thing three woll lormod tooth as
large as those that generally develop
in a child one year old. Two of tho
tooth are Incisors in tbo lower jaw and
tbo third a canine tooth in the tipper
jaw. Dr. Hastings, who attends the
mother, Ion nil thul one or tho incisors
was not tightly imbedded, and as il
would likely givo tbe baby trouhlo,
pulled it. In perlorming this opera
tion, the baby displayed none of the
perturbation that older persons show
under similar circumstances, bat it
crowed lustily all the while. Tbe
doctor behoves that the other teeth
will shortly make their appearance, as
th inlant's gums art quite bard.
THREE FEU CENTS.
THE FUNDING BILL,
PASSED.
AS IT HAS
TEXT OP Till NF.W VlaASTUf AS FINALLY
ADOPTED r BOTU BRANCHES OP
CONORISS AND READY FOR TtlK
ACTION OPTHE TRPJIIDENT.
LOW-BATE BONDS,
Tho following is tho full text ol the
ftindintr bill na missed bv both houses.
An act to facilitate tho funding of tbe
national debt.
Re it enacted by the Senate and House
of Representatives of the United States
of America in Congress assembled, That
all existing provisions of law author
izing tho refunding of tho national
debt shall apply to any bonds of tho
United States bearing a higher rato of
interest than four and a hull per cent
um per annum which may hereafter
become redeemable; provided, that in
lieu ot the bonds authorized to be is
sued by the act of July 14, 1870, enti
tled "An act to authorize the refund
ing of tbe national debt," and tbo acts
amendatory thereto, and tho certifi
cates authorized by tbo act of Februa
ry 26, 1879, entitled "An act to au
thorize tho issue of certificates of de
posit in aid of tbo refunding ot tbe
jmblio debt," tho Secretary of the
Treasury is hereby authorized to issue
bonds to an unimint not exceeding
four hundred million dollars, of de
nominations of fifty dollars, or some
multiple ol that sum, which shall bear
interest at the rule of three per centum
per annum, payablo semi annually, re
deemable at the pleasure of the United
Stutos aftor tivo years und payable
twenty years from date, and also
Treasury notes to an amount not ex
ceeding three hundred million dollars
in denominations of ten dollars, or
some multiplo of that sum, not exceed
ing ono thousand dollars, either regis
tered or coupon, bearing interest at a
rato not exceeding three por centum per
annum, payable semi-annually, re
deemable at tho pleasure of tbe United
Stales after ono your and payable in
ton years from the tittle of issue; and
no Treasury note of a less denomina
tion than one hundred dollars shall be
registered. The bonds uud their notes
shall bo in all other respects of like
character and subject to the provisions
as the bonds authorized to bo issued
by the act ol July 14, 1870, entitled
An act to authorize the refunding ot
the national debt," and acts amenda
tory thereto; provided, thut nothing I
in this act shall be so constructed as
to authorize an increnso of the public
debt; provided, further, that interest
upon ihe six per oont. bonds hereby
authorized to bo refunded shall cease
at tho expiration of thirty days after
publication of notico that the. sumo
have beon designated by the Secretary
ol tho Treasury for redemption. It
shall be tho duty ol the Secretary of
tho Treasury, under such rules and
regulations as ho may prescribe, to
authorize publio subscriptions at not
less than pur, to bo received at all de
positories of the United States and at
all national and sucb other banks as
he may designate fur tbo bonds and
for tho Treasury notes herein provided
for, for thirty days before bo shall
contract lor or award any portion of
Baid bonus or I reasury notes to any
syndicate of individuals or bankers or
othorwiee than under such publio sub
scriptions; and if it shall happen that
more man tho entire amount of said
bonds and Treasury notes, or of cither
of them, has been subscribed wilbin
paid thirty days, bo shall award the
full amount subscribed to all persons
who shall bavu mado bona fide sub
scriptions for the sum of $2,000 or less
at rates most advantageous to the I ni
ted States, and the rosiduo ratably
among tho subscribers in proportion
to the amount by them respectively
subscribed, at rates most advantageous
to tho United Statos.
Sec. 2. The Secretary of the Treas
ury Is horoby authorized, in tho pro
coss of refunding the national debt,
lo exchange at not less than par
any of the bonds or their notos herein
authorized for any of tbo bonds of tho
United States outstanding and uncalled
bearing a higher rate of interest than
four and a half por centum por annum;
and on bonds so redeemed the Secre
tary of the Treasury may allow to tho
holders tho difference between the in
terest on such bonds from tho duto of
exchungo to tho timo of their maturity,
and tho interest of a like period on the
bonds or Treasury notes issued, and
the bonds so received and exchanged
in pursuance of tbe provisions ol this
act shall bo canceled and destroyed ;
but nono of tbo provisions ol this act
shall apply to the redemption or ex
change of any of tbo bonds issued to
tbe Pacific railway companios.
Seo. ,'1. The Secretary of the Treas
ury is hereby authorized and directed
to mako suitable rules and regulations
to carry this act into effect, and tho
expense of preparing, issuing, adver
tising and disposing ol tho bonds and
their notes authorized to bo issued,
shall not excocd one-half of one por
centum.
Sec. 4. That tho Secretary of the
Treasury is horoby authorized, il in
bis opinion it shall become necessary,
to uso temporarily not exceeding filly
million dollars of the standard gold
and silver coin in the Treasury De
partment for tho five and six percent,
bonds of the United Slates authorized
to be refunded by tho provisions ol
this act, which shall from time lo
timo be repaid and replaced out of the
proceeds of tho salo of the bonds or
Treasury notes authorized by this act,
and ho may at any timo apply tho
surplus money in tho Treasury not
olherwiso appropriated, or so much
thereof as ho muy consider proper, to
tho purchase or redemption ol United
States bonds or their notes authorized
hy this act ; provided that tho bonds
and Troasury notes so purchased or
redeemed shall constitute no part ot
tho sinking fund, but shall bo canceled.
See. 5. From and after tho first
day of July, 1881, tbe three per centum
bonds authorized ny tbo tirst section
of this act shall be the only bonds re
ceivable as socurity for national bank
circulation, or as socurity for the safe-
keeping and prompt payment of tho
publio money deposited with such
banks; but when any sucb bonds de
posited for the purpose aforesaid shall
be designated for purchase or redemp
lion by tho Socrolary of tho Treasury
tho banking association depositing the
samo shall havo the right to substi
tute other Issues of tho bonds of the
United Statos in lieu thereof; provided,
that no bond upon which interest has
ceased shall bo accepted, or shall be
continued on deposit as socurity for
circulation or for the safe keeping of
the publio money; and In caso bonus
so deposited shall not bo withdrawn,
as provided by law, within tinny days
after interest bus oeasod thereon, tho
banking association depositing the
same shall be subject to the liabilities
and proceedings on the part or tho
Comptroller provided for in soction
TERMS $2 per annum in Advanoe.
NEW SERIES-VOL. 22, NO. 11
B.?'tl r,f flu. forlaeil filnllltCH ol thn
United States. And provided further,
that section 4 of tbe act of June 20,
1871, entitled "An act fixing the
amount of United Stales notes, provid
ing lor a redistribution of the nulional
bank currency and for other purposes,"
be and the same is hereby repealed ;
and sections f),l."9 anil 5,160 ol the
I I. tilted Males bo ami the same are
hereby re enacted,
Seo. li. That the puymenl ol any
i of tbe bonds hereby authorized, after
the expiration of live years, shall be
made in amounts to be determined
from time to time by tbe Socrolary of
the Treasury at bis discretion, tbe
bonds so to be paid to bo distinguished
and described by tbe dates and num
bers beginning for each successive pay
ment with the bonds or each cluss
duted and numbered, of tho time of
which intended payment or redemp
tion the Secretary of the Treasury
shall givo public nolico, and tbo inter
est on the particular bonds so selected
at any time to bo paid shall cease at
tho expiration of thirty days from tbe
publication of such notico.
Sec. 7. This act shall be known as
"Tho funding act of 1881," and all acts
and parts of acts inconsistent with this
act aro hereby repealed.
Tho following are tbo provision of
tho supplemental bill pussetl by tbo
House just heforo adjournment on Fri-
l day morning, Murch 4th :
boctinn 1 provides that the last sen
tence of section ono ot tho funding bill
shall read as follows : It shall be the
duty of the Secretary ol tho Treasury,
under such rules and regulations as he
may prescribed, to aiithorizo public
subscriptions, at not loss than par, to
bo received at all depositories of tbe
United States, and that all national
batiks and such other banks as bo may
dcsigriulo for tho bonds and for the
Treasury notes herein provided for
for thirty days before ho shall contract
for or award any portion of said bonds
or Treasury notes to any syndicate of
individuals or bankers or otborwise
than under sucb public subscriptions;
and if it shall happen that more than
the entire amount of said bonds and
Treasury notes, or of either of tbem,
have been subscribed within said thir
ty days, bo shall award tho full amount
subscribed to all persons who shall
have mado bona fide subscriptions in
order of timo of said subscriptions at
rates most advantageous to the United
Slates.
Section 2 amends section 4 of the
samo bill bo us to authorize tho Secre
tary of tho Treasury to uso from time
to timo not excoeding 650,000,000 at
any ono of tho standard gold and sil
ver coin in tho Treasury lor the pur
pose montioncd in said section.
Section 3 amends section 5 ol tho
samo bill by adding thereto tho follow,
ing: And provided further, tbat noth
ing in this act shall be so construed as
to repeal, modify or in any manner
affect sections 5,220, 5,221, 5,222, 5,223
and 5,224 ot tho revised statutes.
THE AEW CABINET.
TUBMEN WHOM GARFIELD HAS
SELECTED FOR HIS ADVISERS.
JAMES II. II LAIN I, BECRETARY OF STATE.
JamcsG. Blaine, of Maino, isa native
of Pennsylvania, having been born in
Washington county, January 31, 1830,
and graduated at Washington college
in 1847. He took to journalism, lluv
ing removed to Maino, bo assumed ed
itorial charge ot tbo Kennebec ,uum'iI,
a weokly newspapor published at
Augusta, the capital of the State. Sub
sequently ho conducted for several
years tho Advertiser, a daily paper
published in Portland. Ho served lour
years in the Legislature of Maino, two
years as Speaker of the House ol Rep
resentatives. In 1862 he was elected
to Congress, and was returned at every
successive election up to 1874. In 1869
ho was elected Speaker and served in
that capacity until tho Democrats se
cured tho control of the House in 1875,
when bo became tho leader ol the Re
publican minority on tbe floor. After
his defeat for the Presidential nomina
tion in 1876, ho was in July appointed
Senator to succeed Lot il. Morrill,
who becamo Secretary of Ihe Treasury,
and in January, 1877, was olected by
tho Legislature for tho remainder of
Mr. iMorrll's term and for tho full
term which ends on Murch 4, 1883.
WILLIAM WINDOM, 8ECRF.TAIIV OF Till
TREASURY.
William Windom.ol Minnesota, was
born in Belmont county, Ohio, May 10,
1827 ; receivod an academic education;
studied law at Mount Vernon, O. ;
practiced bis profession in that Sluto
and in Minnesota until 1859; wits
eloctcd Prosecuting Attorney for Knox
county in 1852; removed to Minnesota
in 1855; was a Representative in tho
Thirty-sixth, Thirty-seventh, Thirty
oightb, Thirty-ninth and Fortiuth Con
gresses ; wasappointed by thoGovernor
ol Minnesota, in July, 1879, to fill the
unexpired term of Hon. Daniel S. Nor
ton, deceased, in the Senate of tho
United States; was subsequently elec
ted as a Republican and was re elected
in 1877 for tbo term which will expiro
in 1883. Mr. Windom's most noticea
ble public service was performed as
Chairman of the Special Senate Com
mittee on Transportation in 1873. At
tbo lust Republican National Conven
tion Mr. Windom received tho votes of
Minnesota for President.
M r. Allison was offered lbo Treasury
portfolio. Senutor Windom, so it is
now stated on excellent authority, was
first offered lbo Secretaryship of tbo
Treasury and ho declined it. Next it
was tendered to Senator Allison, who
dochnod it for domostio reasons. Mr.
Allison is not in theonjoymontof good
healih and is subject lo nervous at
tacks. The Senator feared that tbe
tax upon Mrs. Allison ol social reqiro.
moms as the wife of a principal Cabi
net officer would bo too great. Then
Sonator Windom was again urgod for
tho position, and decided to accept.
When asked by a brother Senator bow
he felt about tbo change, Mr. Windom
replied that bis only regret was that
il would compel him to leave the Sen
ate. Senator lllaino remarked that,
though the statement might appear
strango, the great difficulty in making
up tbe Cabinet had been in finding
men adapted to tbe positions who wore
willing to accept, lie intimated that
there had boon moro declinations than
the publio bad yet beard of.
itoLtllT T. LINCOLN, SECRETARY OP WAR.
Robert Todd Lincoln, of Illinois, is
a native of Illinois, tbo eldest son of
tho lulo President Lincoln, and now
thirty seven years of ago. At the time
of bis father's Election to the Presi
dency, in 1860, ho was a student at the
Exeter Academy, and afterward en
tered Harvard University, whero he
graduated, After his father's death
Robert Lincoln studied law, and set
tled down In tho practice of his profes
sion in Chicago, where he has been
vory sucocsslul at the bar. Some years
ago be married a daughter ot ex Sen.
ator Harlan, of Iowa, who had boon
appointed Secretary of tbe Interior by
President Lincoln just before tho lat
ter'! doatb, and did not enter npon tho
duties of bis ofllco until alter Mr. John
son's inauguration. Mr. Lincoln's first
active oxperionco in polities occurred
last year, when bo acted as delegate to
tbe Chicago ConvonUou and supported
Grant to tho last.
THOMAS L. JAMES, POSTMASTER UINIRAL.
Thomas L. James was born in Mad
ison county, Now York, in 1831, and
early becamo an apprentice in a news
paper oflico. A few yoara later, bofors
he was of ago, bo became tbe editor of
the papor of his native town. Ho waa
then appointed Collector of the canal
tolls. In 1861 he went to Now York
city and began his official career Chore
as lnsiKKlur ot Customs under Uirau
: Barney, the Collector. He was three
'year later promoted to the position of
I Government Weigher, and vthen Moses
III. Grinnoll bocanio Collector Mr.
James was mado Deputy Collector in
the third division of tho warehouse de
partment. On the first attempt at the
inauguration of Civil Service Itelorra
he was made President ol tbo Board
of Examiners for the Custom House.
In 1873, without bid knowledge, Pres
ident Grant appointed Mr. James Pout-
jmasterof New York, and Mr. Hayes
ro-sppoinled him in li7. InUelober
last the German Republican Central
Cuniniilteo of New York city unani
niously nominated Mr. James for the
Mayoralty and subsequently, when the
Republican Committee of twenty-four,
appointed by tbe County Convention,
decided upon nominating a straight
Republican city tickel, tbe nomination
for Mayor was formally tendered to
bim, but declined.
WAYNE M AO VEAOU, ATTORNEY GENERAL.
Wayne MacVcagh.of Pennsylvania,
was born at Pnanixvill, Chester
county, Pa., April 19,1833. Ho re
ocived his early education in Chester
county. Hograduuled at Yale CoHega
in the famous class of 1853, and then
studied law with Hon. Joseph J. Lewis,
of West Chester, and was in thai
borough admittod to the bar on April
20, 1856. Soon after his admission to
tho bar he was elected District At
torney of Chester county and served
in that capacity lor three years. Dur
ing the war for the Union Mr. Mac
Vcagh was twice in the service first
as Captain of a company of cavalry,
which was In luoservieoiortwowoous
only when the invasion of Ihe Stale
was threatened, in . September, 1803,
and as a Major on tho staff of Major
General Couch during tbe following
year. Ho was made Chairman of the
Republican Stato Central Committee
during tbe campaign of 1863. In 1870
President Grant appointed bim to suc
ceed K. Joy Morris as Minister to Con
stantinople. This position be held un
til toicaids tho closo ol 1871, when he
resigned, returned and took up bis resi
dence at Uarrisburg. From there be
was elected a delegate to the Consti
tutional Convention, where he served
as Chairman of tho Committee on Ju
diciary anil on Legislation. At the
beginning of 1876 Mr. MacVeagh re
moved to Philadelphia. In 187T he
was at tbe head of Mr. Hayes' Louisi
ana Commission, which overturned
Carpet bag rule in that Slate. He was
also prominent in the movement against
a third terra last year.
WM. II. HUNT, BECRETARY OF THE NAVY.
William II. Hunt, of Louisiana, ia a
nutne of South Carolina and about
sixty years of age. He went from bis
nativo Stuto to Louisiana in conse
quence of trouble growing out of nulli
fication and became prominent at the
bar. Ho was as much of a Union man
as it was possible to be in tbo South
during tho war, and when General But
ler took possession of Now Orleans he
received valuable aid from Mr. Hunt,
Ho was an old Whig in politics.but bad
been a moderate Democrat since the war
until ho joined the Republican party. In
1876 Judge Hunt was the Republican
candidate fur Attorney General on
Governor Packaid's ticket and took a
prominent part in the Presidential cam
paign of that yoar. When Hayes
usurped tho Presidency ho signified a
desire to make him Collector ot the
Port of Now Orleans, but Judge Hunt
preferred the Court of Claims and was,
in April, 1877, appointed to that posi
tion. Ho has since held it.
SAMUEL 3. KIRKWOOD, BECRETARY OP
THE INTERIOR.
Samuel J. Kirkwood, ol Iowa, was
born in Harford county, Maryland,
Decomber 20, 1813 ; received a limited
education at tho academy of John Mo
Lood, in Washington city ; removed to
Richmond county, Ohio, in 135, and
was admitted to the bar in 1843 ; was
elcctod Prosocuting Attorney in 1845
and again in 1847 ; was in 1850-64 a
member of the Convention that framed
tho present Constitution ot the Slate
of Ohio ; removed to Johnson county,
Iowa, in 1855; was elcctod to tho State
Senate in 1856 ; was elected Gnvornor
in 18.1!) and again in 1861 j was in 1863
nominated by President Lincoln and
confirmed as Minister to Denmark, but
declined tho appointment; wasin 1866
elected to the United States Senate to
fill the nnexpireil term of James Har
lan ; was In 1875 again elected Gov
ernor ol Iowa, and resigned tbat office
January 31, 1877 ; was elected in Jan
uary, 1870, to the United Stales Sen
aw as a Republican to snccoed George
G. Wright, Republican, for tbe term
ending March 3, 1883.
EDUCATIONAL.
BY M. L McQUOWN.
A muioritv of the schools ol the
county havo closod.
Thn oelinnlN of Union townshio will
open for a Summer term early in May.
f'utnhrta ertnntr hajl a teacher 60
years of ago, and he ia quite active in
the service.
Miss Rose Duller, formerly of Sandy
township, is now teaching at Trevor
ton, Northumberland county.
S. T. Hrockbank, Esq., of Cloarfiold,
lectured before the Teachers' Institute
at l.iek Run, on Saturday evening,
March 5tb.
Tho public schools of Clearfield have
already entered Uion thoir annual
examinations. Promotions will be the
result of theso examinations.
V!. J. Kir.g, Principal of the Drift
wood grammar school, in Cameron
oounty, has boon engaged lo teach tbt
Summer terra at Benezotle.
H ...l...nl. nmolnva (1 7.1 '1
nil 1 I fil'l female, Lnaeriera In herrtlih.
lie schools, an increase of 125 male and
10 lemalo teachers ovor last year.
The late Elisba Fenlon, of Penn
township, bequeathed to tbe publio
library of Pennvillo 6200 worth of
books ami 81110 in money, previous to
his death.
Ti,.. l,;,. r u'.( cl,.,-nl,l
have decided lo open their school for a
Summer term, to bo devoted exclu
sively to tbe Instruction of juvenilos of
the district.
Tho teachers of Knox, Pike and ad
joining townships, intend holding an
Educational Association atXNow Mill
port, on Saturday, March 19th. A
profitable meeting is anticipated.
Tho Seereturv of Iba Institute held
in Bloom township, February 26th, baa
aent na the nrocecdinirfl in full, bat as
a correspondent reoenlly placed a eyn.
npsis ol that mooting oeiore me puuuo,
it seems superfluous to give tbe pro
ceedings at this time. Tbe meeting
was very well attended by teachers
ana parents, ana w. Deueve naa
an influence lor good, very oomph.
menurv resolutions were Passed at ita
close with rolsrence lo the hospitality
oi tne citizens, ana me wore uone oy
visiting teachers.
vr. nee4. aaro,o.ej