THK
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OLEABFIILD, PA.
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O. B. OOODLANOKR,
Publisher.
jCaiitjfrs' farfl.
jj w. SMITH,
AUORNEY-AT-IiAW,
ll:t:l ClurOeld, Pa.
J J. LINQLE,
ATTOKNEY-AT - LAW,
1:11 Phlllpebura;, Centre Co., Pa. y:pd
JOLAND D. SWOOPE,
ATXORNKY AT LAW,
Curwensrille, Clenrtleld oonnty, Pa.
oeu 0, "It-It.
0
SCASt MITCHELL,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
CLEARFIELD, PA.
Jt-0ffloo In tlio Opera HooM. oct", "J0.lt
GH & W. BAKKKTT,
Attorneys and Counselors at Law,
clearfield, pa.
January 80, 1878.
ISRAEL TEST,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Clearfield, Pa.
jnOBoe In the Court House, MjU.'tT
yil. M. McCULLOUliTT,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
CLEARFIELD, PA.
fllll .-a in Maionio building, Eorond street, op
posite tha Court llouee. JaM,'I-lf.
C. AliNOLT),
I, AW & COLLECTION OFFICE,
CIHIWENSVILLE,
el ClearneM County, Penn'a. TSy
o T. BROCKBANK,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
CLEARFIELD, PA.
OSloa In Opera Houie. ap lS,"77-ly
gMlTII V. WILSON,
MIornry-nt-lMW,
CLEARFIELD, I'RNN'A.
t-OKct In Ibe Masonl Bntldlng, over the
Cuoij National Dank. ImarM-SO.
TILL1AM A. HAOERTY,
.1 TTOIt.YE 1 T' L,i it
CLEARFIELD, PBNN'A
f-er-WIM attend to all legal bu.lneee with
.promptness end fidnlltr. f.bl l.'OOtf.
wtLtlaa A. WALLAca. oatid t. anuaa.
AKRT r. WALLACn. JOBH W. WSini.UT.
w
ITALLACE & KRBBS,
(Suiceasors to Wallaee A Fleldmn,)
ATTOKN EYS-AT-LA W,
J.nH7 Clearlielrl, Pa.
J.
V. SNYDER,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
CLEARFIELD, l'A.
office in Pie'e Opera Untie.
June !, 'TStf.
O L.MoGEE,
DuBois, Clearfield County, Penn'a,
-Wlll attend promptly to all legal bmtneee
antroetod to hie are. LI01. 'o0.
tnoa. . nunuAr. cvnn .enrol.
llJURRAY & GORDON,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
CLEARFIELD, PA.
Ftr Office In. Pie'e Opera Moose, leeond Boor.
tilll'T
ern a. n'nALi.r. nantm w. n'riiaor.
Mc
fcENALLY & McCUEDY
ATTORN KYS-AT-L AW,
cmrneid, r.
T Legal boeineea attended to prompt), withj
tdelitr. OAeo on Saoond afreet, abora the Piret
National Bank. Jan:l:70
O. KllAMER,
A T T O K N K Y - A T - L A W ,
Real Ketate and Collootlon Agent,
CLEARFIELD, PA.,
Will promptlj attend to all legal buelneea on
tra.ted to hie oare.
-09loe In Pie'e Opera Hoa.e. janl'70.
J P. McKENRICR,
DISTRICT ATTOIiNEY,
CLEARFIELD, PA.
All legal bueinaie enlroitod to hi earn will re
eaive prompt attention.
,fy-Olnee In th Court liouee.
augl4,l878.,.
TOUX L. CUTTLE,
' ATTORNEY AT LAW.
tnd Real PJtato A(t, C leertleld, P.
Oltne on Third etreet, bet.Cherr, A Walnut,
nt-Reepoetfully offore hie eorrieeelo eelling
and buying laade In Clearflold and ndjolnlng
auntlea und with nn oiperteaeeot overtwentr
,.are aa a eurroyor, flatter hlmaelf that he eaa
raadar aatlifaotlon. (Feb. I8:08:tf,
yhysltinns' (Tarda.
B. M. SCHEURER,
H0MCEOPATUIC PHYSICIAN,
Offlaw la residence on Firet t
April M, H7I. Clearfield, Pa
jyi W. A. MEANS,
IMIYS1CIAN k SURGEON,
Dl'BOIS cm-, PA.
Will attend professional calls promptly. anglO'70
rjn. t. j. lioiEii,
rllYSICIAN AND SURGEON,
Office oa Market Street, Chsarleld, Pa.
staT-OHee boors: I to IS a. an., and 1 to I f. m.
jQIt. J. KAY WRIGLEY,
IKlMiKPATlllO PHYSICIAN,
jftr-Offin adjoining tha reeidenoa of James
r.l.j, K.e., m Second riu, CloerHcId, Pa.
Julyll.'fS If.
riU. II. B. VAN VALZAn,
CLBARPIELI), PEItrA.
triMCS IN RESIDENCE, rORNEH OF FIRST
AND P1NI STREETS.
' pm- Otic hoara-From It to P. M.
i May II, 1ST.
0
R. J. T. BURCHFIKLD,
ta Sort aoa ef th IM Raglment. Pennaylomntk
'aluatear, hnetng rtmrwd Irani tan Army,
0e kta prereesieaal eerrleei te tknattiaaaw
' Cl.arfleld awnnty.
eT-rnresrloaal ealle nrompUy attaal.1 to.
a eeit ItsrMl, faraarlyaejeapiew ay
lepra,
OB PRINTIieja OF EVERT DICIP
tint tseatly aiacwtad at thla aaloa.
CLEARFIELD
GEO. B. GOODLANDEB, Editor & Proprietor. PRINCIPLES, NOT MEN. TEBMS-$2 per annum in Advanoe.
VOL. 51-WH0LE NO. 2,673. CLEARFIELD, PA, WEDNESDAY, MAY 20, 1880. NEW SERIES-VOL. 21, NO. 21.
Cards.
TIIMTICEH' CONKTAHI.E' VEK8
We bare printed a large number or the new
FEE BILL, and will on tha reoelpt ef tweaty
lv. ewnls. mail a eoov to aey address, savss
7ILLIAS1 u- HENKY, Justice
IT of tun PaAcn Ann bcaiTnnan, Ll'MuKK
CITY. Collaetiooe made and mono promptly
paid over. Artiolea of agreement and doede ol
aonvoyano neatly executed ana warremea cor
rect or no charge. j3Jy78
JOHN D. THOMPSON,
Juatlee of tba Paeoe and SerWoaer,
Curwenerlllr), Pn.
oga-Colleotlone mad and monoy promptly
paidorer. febl'7ltf
HENRY BRETH,
. (oarrno f. o.
justicp: of the peace
pon uuu. townanip.
May 8, IStS.ly
JAMES MITCHELL,
pnALan in
Square Timber & Timber L.indn,
oll'7 CLEARFIELD, PA.
REUBEN HACKMAN,
House and Sign Painter and Paper
Hanger,
llcnrtteld, Peun'a.
teguWMI oiecutojobi In hie line prouiptly and
In a worhunnliko manner. nFra,A7
JOHN A. STADLER,
BAKER, Market St., Cleaitcld, Pa.
Freih Bread, Ruik, Roll, Pie and Cakee
on hand or made to order. A general aiaortmaot
of Confeotionariee, Frulta and Note In atook.
loo Cream and Oy.tere In eeaaon. Saloon nearly
oppoeita tha Poetoflire. Prioee ntodcrete.
March lO-'TA.
WEAVER &. BETTS,
DKALRNI 111
Real Estate, Square Timber, Saw Legs,
AND LUMBER OF ALL KINDS.
jjro-Offlc on Koseond ttrMt, ! rr of tor
room of ttoorg WeiTir A Co. JdS, '78-tf.
RICHARD HUGHES,
JTSTICB O? TIH PEACE
ton
IPtcatur Totrnthtp,
OmcoU Mills P. O.
oflicUI tuiinojn iitrBit-t, to him will b
promptly tt-ndd to. ob38, 7.
HAKRY SNYDER,
BABUKR AND HATRDKE8SKR.
' Bhttp oi Htrktt St., oppotit Court Moat:
A ieo towtl for ery eurtomcr.
A lo dettalrr in
He I Hrauil of Tubarro and Clar.
ru.'R.M P mT IV. T1.
JAMES H. TURNER,
JI STICEOP THE PEACE,
nalUreton, Pa.
U hu propeU-d hlmioir with 1I the
BMftrj blank furwi uniler tbo Ptnibn nd
Bouotj lwi, m U btftDk D (, ote. All
Ivjtil mat ten cntruateti to bn ears will miva
pruiupt ltntloD. Mijr 7th, I87W-tf.
A NPREW 11ARW1CK,
i V Market Htreet, CirarUeld, Pa.,
KAMI WcTOaiK AHI MALII IX
nmfM, BriAlnt Saddle Collar, ami
Horse-Furnishing Goods,
sfrAM klorli of rpntrln( promptlr attcmlrd
to, HaHtllorn' liariwaro, Horpa llraibpi, Corry
Combi, Ac, always on bant) and for lalo at tb
lowertotub prior. (March IV, H7V.
Q. H. HALL,.
PRACTICAL TUMP MAKER,
NEAR CLEARFIRLD, PENN'A.
Pumps always on kind and madt to ordar
n ibort notioa. Pipas bored on roajoBabla terms.
All work warranted to render saliif action, and
dellvertd if desired. myStslypd
Mvery Stable.
rIIR oaderaifned begi laaTe to Inform ttiepnb-
X He that b is now iniiy prepar- lo imodii
4at all in the way or farnisbloa; llw.aes, .Juggles,
Baddies and Harness, oa the shortest notioa and
ii reasonable tjmi, Hesidenea on Locast itreet,
between Tbtrd and ourtn.
GEO. W. OEARHART
'Mearleld, Feb. 4, 1S74.
WASHINGTON HOUSE,
GLEN HOPE, PENN'A.
THE ondcreign.d, baring lMed thin cum
modioua Hotel, In the villa., of Olen Hop.,
i now prepared to aooommodat nil who may
oall. My labia and bar ehall be eupplicd with
the beat the market afforde.
flKOKHB W. DOTT8, Jr.
Ulan Hope, Pa., March iO, 197V If.
THOMAS H. FORCEE,
DtlLBB IB
GENERAL MF.UCH ANDISE,
CiRAHAMTON, Pa.
Also.extenilve minafatrtr and dealer tn Bqaara
iimuer ana nawea bomber 01 bm tinas.
V'Orders sollelttd and all bills promptly
niied. ijyiB7i
E. A. BIGLER & CO.,
BBALBta in
SQUARE TIMBER,
and maaufaoturari of
A 1.1. klNIMOF MWI-O I.HMIir.R,
l-t'71 CLEARFIRLD, PENN'A.
8. I. SNYDER.
PRACTICAL WATCHMAKER
Ann pnALtn in
Watchos, Clocks and Jewelry,
Aim's Rom, Markti SrrtH,
"LEAHPsI-.I.D, PA.
All kinda of repairing In my Una promptly at-
nde-lo. April za, I ni .
Clearfield Nursery.
ENCOURAGE HOME INDUSTRY.
rTU E BBdendraed, baTlnr astahllabed a War-
X sry ob the 'Pike, about bait way be4weM
Clear l-ld and Carwonef ttl, prtp ared to farr
aiib all kinds ef PR I1 IT TRICKS, tetandard ad
dwarf,) Brrrgrewaa, Bknblry, (tra)e Vinoe,
UooMbtiTT, iiawtoa Hlarkherry. rtrawherry,
and Kaipberry V.ne. Alto, Slberiaa Crab Tree.
Wtttnoe, and early aearfet llnakiarb, . Uraers
promptly attendrd to. Addrtea,
J. V. WKlffllT,
sept H-y Carwewarllle, Pa.
MEAT MARKET.
F. M. CARDOS & BBO.,
Ob Market St., aex door west of Maasloa Hvoae,
CLEARFIRLD. PA.
Oar arrant-meats are rf the moat aomplet
ebaraetet lor f ornithine the pablte with Freab
Meottel an iiaa, ana oi Toerarjoesi qnaiiiy,
We aleo ttoal Ik all kinds of Ajrrieaiuiraj lmni
onta. which we keen oa oiblbltioB for the bea-
ie nabllfl. Call aronnd when IB towa.
and take a look at tklnn, or add ran
F. M. CAHUON BRO.
OUarleld, Pa., Jaly 14, l"7-lf.
i'trmrfltid Innuronrt Kmryf.
ianti uwaa. cannntx L. sivi-S.
heiir ft uinni.t:, Jtmii,
Rcpresaat the following nnd other flrstlaaa Co'a
Companion. Aeeets.
I.lT.n.ool London A eiofce-l). A. Ur .l,1"l.l
l.yeomlng on mntual Aaaeh plana.... 0,000,000
l'bmail, of Hartfnrd, Conn ... I.014.0IS
Ineuraaoa Co. of North America 0,41,074
North British A MeToeatlle U.B. Br l,I"0.tl
rVotll.h Commercial 0. - Branch.... 070,140
Wntartowa T04.0IO
Traealara (Lit. A Aeetdoal) 0,t.40
Office en Mark! St., op p. Cart Hon, Cloar-
neia, ra Jonas, r-ii.
a
THK PATIENT ANGLEH.
An angler eat by an old iaw mill
And angled away In the flowing rill,
Dreaming of fi.b that, tradltlune Bay,
Dcp In th. welere hideaway;
Pickerel, perch, acle, aud bull pout.
And legend wblepered a ipockled troat.
Tbie leet named O.h nun be taken on apoe,
Ho man ever iaw hie bead or ocob,
One man had eeen the nd o'hii tail
tioing down atream like an exprreo mail.
But to our tale : Ae 1 eald before,
The patient angler eat by the chore,
And the toola of hi trade around bim lay
llacklee, duo, brown, red epeckled and gray,
And Hie, artiScial, of orery hue,
Millere, grubeend graeeboppere, too;
And good old Walton' Atigler Complete,
The A.oermea'a Bible, lay at hie leet.
Ae tbue be eat and angled away,
I Kently epoke to thin n.berman grey :
"Holloa I my friend, how goei the ugbt
With the finny tribe! t llad'et e'er a bit. ?"
"Not yet," he .igbed, and wkbperod low,
''I're only been here a day 01 bo,"
Time rolled on and I pawed that way f
There eat tha angler, old and grey
Tba horneta had built a neel in bta hat,
H ia Bhoefl wore tbe homoe of the Bportire goat,
And yellow jackote were oomkng to reet
Within the folde of bin peaceful reel
KerwifB, boreeflies and beeUee brown
Were .porting around hie Buowy erown I
Hut there he sat by the old eew mill,
Happy, contented, pntient etill.
As thus he sat and angled away,
I gentle spoke to this U.uermun gray :
"Holloa ! my friend, bow goes tbe fight
With the finny tribeef Had'ste'era bite"
"Not et," be sighed, and wbl.pered low.
"I've only been here a month or ao."
One II. Aeery.
SECRETS OF THE SEA VEPT11S
When Professor . B. Carpenter
placed lictore Mr. CoAchon, then first
lord of the British Admiralty, his
scientific plan for a circumnavigation
expedition, which resnltod in sending
the "Challerigor," ho expressed tho be
lief "that the key to the interpretation
of much of the past history of our
globe is lit present lying at the bottom
of the sea waiting to be brought np."
Although tho materials of thai voyage
have not yet been lully worked
up, and it will be gome years yet bo
tort a general resume of the zoological
results can bo given, enough is alrendy
known to lully justify Professor Cur
penler's reniurkahle prediction. Peo
ple with a enrsory idea of geological
seienceknow that tbe prevalent theory
until recently has been that of Kir
Charles I.) ell, who held that the
earth's surtuce bad been subject to
periods of elevation and subsidence, so
that what bad once been continents
had become sea bottom, and tit'cc versa.
Tho investigation of the ocean bed by
Captain (now Sir George) NarcB has
utterly disproved this, and shown the
correctness of tho doctrine propounded
by Professor Dana, that tb existing
continental areas of dry land and
ocean basins wero formed as such in
tho first instance upon the original con
solidation of the earth's crust and Us
shrinkage upon the liquid mass within.
Or, as l'roleHfior Geikio, in his recent
lecture on "(teogruphical Evolution,"
puts it:
"The presenteontinonlal ridges have
probably always existed in some form ;
and aa a corroilary we may infer that
the present deep ocean basint likewise
date from the remotest geological an
tiquity." Tbe common idea that the ocean
bed is filling up with tho earthly de
posits washed off the land is also
shown by tho "Challenger" explora
tions to be entirely erroneous. Such
deposits do not extend into tho deep
sea, or the real ocoan basins, but are
deposited wholly upon the marginal
bell of sea floor skirting the land.
Thin is a shallow rim, in reality a etttV
merged portion of (lie continental plat-
lormt, and "it is hore, says Professor
Geikio," "that naturo has always
strewn Hhe dust of continents to bo.
Professor Carpenter says :
"We now know lor certain that the
sands and clays washed off the land
whether hy tho action of tho ice or
river-waters on its surfaco, or by the
wearing away oi us margin ly the
waves of tho sea sink to the sea-bottom
long before they reach the deeper
abysses; nof the least traceof such sedi
ments having been anywhere found at a
distance from the continental platforms.
And tnus tho study ol the deposits on
tho ocean sea-bed bas fully confirmed
tbe conclusion drawn from tho prcsont
configuration of the earth's surface, as
to tho goneraf persistence ot those
original inequalities which have re
spectively served as tbe bases of tho
existing continents, and the floors ot
tho great ocean basins."
lhe throe great occamo areas tho
Atlantic, tho Indian and Southern, and
the Pacific all have the samo charac
teristic; an abrupt declivity dividing
the truo basin, at a few hundred miles
distance, sometimes less, from Innd,
from the depressed rim referred to
above. The docpest trustworthy
sounding yet mode was between New
(uinca and Japan 26,850 feet or over
rive miles and tbe avorage depth ol
tho ocean floors is at least two and
one-half miles, or 13,000 fuel. A
striking peculiarity of the ocean floor
is Its extraordinary flatness, so that
"if the bottorh of the mid-ocean wero
laid dry, an observer standing on al
most any spot of it would find himself
surrounded by a plain only comparable
to that of the North America prairies
or the South American pampas."
Uuite as interesting as tho topogra
phy of the sea bed, or the character
of its deposits which comprise ani
mals living at a deplb of over lour
miles, in water below tha freezing
point, rcrlcut darknoss, and enduring
pressure ot four tons to the square
inch are the thoromal phenomena
revealed by the "Cnallongor sound.
ings. Tho extreme coldness ol tbe
whole body of the ocean water (ex
cept in the North Atlantic) saving a
thin stratum of about four hundred
laihoms at tho top, is ono of tho most
marveioos oi tnings to the nnscientino
mind. Thus, says Professor Carponter :
"Tbe thermal condition of the South
oi n fjcean fa entirely dominated by
tho great mass of glacial water that
has been cooled down in the Antarctio
area ; and that it is, so to speak, avast
reservoir ol cold, tlie oulllow from
which keeps down tbe temperature of
every part ol the ooeanio area in free
communication with iU This w see
best in the Pacific, whoso vast basin fs
almost entirely filled by water ot glao-
ial or ub glacial coldness, on tbe sur
face of which in tbe intertropical re
gion thoro floats a layer whose tempor-
alure rises rapidly from the lower
limit of 40 to 80 at the surface, and
whoso thickness is nowhoro more thin
one-fifth of tho whole depth. This
exceptional stratum, which clearly de
rives tu ncai irom tuoairocnon oi mo
solar rays upon its surface, progress
ively thins away in either hemisphere
as it ia traoed from the tronic to the
parallel of 66, where It disappears
aitogotner, exoept la lb. Huro Hiwo,
or Gulf Stream of the Paoiflo, which
slants northward from Japan toward
Uehring's Strait."
All this ia most important, and we
commend to those interested in physios
the whole oi Professor Carpenter's
article in tho Nineteenth Century for
April. This cold understratum which
forms tho bulk of the ocoan water
sometimes falls a degroo or two below
tho freezing point of fresh wator :
"In the .South Atlantic at 37 8, Int.,
at a depth of 2,900 fathoms, lowest
stratum of absolutely glacial wator at
a temperature beneath 32 had the
enormons thickness of 1,000 fathoms ;
this was overlaid by anotbor stratum
of 1,000 fathoms, in which the tempera
ture rose slowly from 32 at its lowor
to 301 at its uper surface; and this
again by another ot about 500 fathoms
which showed a further rise at its
upper surface to 40, the remaining
4U0 latboms being the limit at which
tbe solar rays exert any direct beating
influence.
The thermal condition of tho North
Atlantic, however, is very different.
Tho "Poroupitio" temperature sound
ings showed tho general thickness of
tbe warm upper stratum to be Irom
800 to 900 fathoms. This is duo to
the ridge in the ocean bod between
Greenland and Iceland, which im
pedes the outflow of thedeepeststratum
or coldest water ot the Annie basin.
A singular fact prcdictod by Dr. Car
ponter was found to be truo, the
'Uhallongor party finding tho warm
upper stratum thinnest under the
equator, ruts is due to the meeting
of the Arotio and AnlarcticundcrflowB
oausing an uprising of cold water to-
ard tho surface, and creating too
equatorial currents of warm surface
water setting toward tbe roles. Hut
the nppor stratum in the North At
lantic is not only exceptionally doep but
exceptionally warm. In consequence
of the evaporation produced by its
long exposure lo the sun us excess ot
salt make it
"Heavier than tho colder water which
should otherwise occupy its place in
tbe basin; and consequently substi
tutes itself fur tho latter by gravitation
lo tho depth of soveral hundred
fathoms. Thus it conveys the solar
boat downward, in such a manner as
to make tha North Atlantic between
the parallels ol 20 and 40 a great
reservoir of warmth, the importance
of which will presently become ap
parent. "Ibe L-ballonger investiga
tions have now, 1 think, afforded the
rcquisito data for tho final solution ot
the question whicn has been long under
discussion what, namely, the Gulf
Mream (or Hondo Current) does, and
wlial it does not, tor tbe amelioration
of iheclimato of Northwestern Europe.
All the best hydrographers, both of
this country and of the United States,
agree in the conclusion that tbe Florida
Current dies out in tbo mid-Atlantic,
losing all the attributes by which it
had been previously distinguished its
tnovemont, its excess of warmth, and
its peculiarly deep color ; and thai it
then degenerates into a mcro surfaco
drift, the rate and direction of which
depend entirely upon the prevalent
winds. But, on tho other hand, the
most conclusive proof basboen obtain
ed by the systemalio comparison of
soa and air-temporntures along the
westorn coasts of Northwestorn Eu
rope, that the amelioration of its Win
ter climate is due to the afflux of water
of a tomperaturo considerably hither
than that of the air.
How, then, are these phenomona to
be explained? If tbe vis a terqo of
tho Gulf Stream had spent itself in tho
mid-Atlantic; what lorco brings this
afllux of warm wator to our ohores
and carries it on to tho N. E., along
tho coast ot -orway, and even past
the North Cape toward Spilnbcrgcn
and Nova Zcmbia? And how does it
happen that tho water which leaves
our Northwestorn shores in Winter is
not only so much warmer than tho air
huh rests upon it, but continues lo
preserve a notable portion ot that
warmth at least as tar as tho North
Cape, notwithstanding that as it flows
nortowara its temperature is more and
more in excess ol that of tho atmos
phere above ii ?
It is obvious that tbe nontirtual out
flow of the deopor stratum tf I'olar
water, ot which we have evidence in
the constant maintenance of tho (fisc
al tomperaturo, not only ot tbo sea-
bottom, but of tbo water contained in
the vast oceanic basin, cannot be main
tained without a continual indraught
of tbe nppor stratum toward tbe Poles;
'.bis, aa its temporature is progressively
lowered, decreases in volumo and in
creases in specifio gravity ; and as tho
lower stratum flows away under tbo
excess of pressure, the upper stratum,
now cooled down nearly to tbo ireca-
ng point ol salt water, will sink into
ita place, making way lor a now in
draught above. The two Polar under
flows, on the other hand, meeting at
or noar tho Kqtiator, will there tend
to rise toward tbe surlaco, replacing
the water which bas been draughted
away toward cither pole; and thus a
oonstant "vertical circulation" must be
kept up by opposition of temperatnre
aloue, analogous to tbat wblch takos
place in the pines of hot-water appara
tus by wbicb largo buildings are com
monly warmed. 1 ho only essontial
difference between the two cases is,
thai whilst tbe primum mobile in the
latter Is tho boat appliod to the bottom
ol tbe boiler, making the warmed wa
ter ascend by the reduction of the
specifio gravity duo to its expansion,
the moving power in tbe former
the cold applied to the surface of the
Polar water, making it descend by the
increase ot specifio gravity due to the
diminution of its bulk as its tempora
ture Is loerorcd. As tbo su
porhcating of tbo nppor stratum of tho
mid Atlantic is dependent on the influx
ol the Uult stream and other water ex
ceplionally warmed in the Equatorial
Current tbo thermal effect of its N. E.
flow is mainly dependont upon the
Gult Stream and its adiacenu, while
its movemont fs kept up by the Polar
Indraughts, i bus aeither the general
oceanic circulation nor the Gulf Stream
could alone produce the result which
is duo to their con loint action. Tbe
Gulf Stream waters, without the Polar
indraught, would remain in the mid
Atlantic; and tbe Polar indraught
without Gult Stream wator lo food it,
would be almost as dostitnte ol tber-
mat power as it ia in the South
Atlantic
Tho Antarctio icebergs afford inter
esting indications of the nature ot the
region in which they originate. I bey
differ totally In character from those
of the Arctic region, which are the
brokon off ends of the glaciers tbat
have doscended the seaward valleys
of Greenland and Labrador. Tbe
Antarctio bergs, on tbe other hand
are mostly dotaohed portions of a vast
tct sneet covering the Antarctio conn
nont, which is nearly double the area
ol Australia. "Ol this ioe shoot the
edge forms the great Soutborn 'ice
barrior,' which presents itsell wherever
it has been approached sufficiently
near to be distinctly vislblo, aa a con
tinuous Ice-cliff, rising from two hon
dred to two hundred and fifty feet
above tho sea level." Tbe Icebergs
thrown off from this mass are rati mated
to average two thousand feet In height,
of which about two hundred fret pro
jected abovo tbo sea lovel. Tho di"
monsions of these bergs vary greatly.
Those soon from the "Chitllvngor"
woto genorally from one to throe
miles long; but single borgs are re
ported of sovon or evon ten miles in
length ; and an enormous mass of
floating ico, probably composed of a
chain of bergs locked togethor, form
ing a hook sixty miles long by forty
broad, and enclosing a buy forty miles
in broadth, was pu-weil in 183 1 by
twenty-one morchatit ships in a lull
Hide corresponding to that of the
northern coast ol Portugal. Sayo
l roicssor Carpenter :
"The presumption Is altogether vory
strong that these vast masses have
originally formed part of a great ice
sheet, formed by llio cumulative pros
sure of successive mow fulls over a
land area of no grtxti.jevatlon ; which
flows downward from its bigbost lovel
in tbo direction of tho least resistance,
tbat is to say irom tho polar centre
toward tbe continually disintegrating
margin, progressively diminishing in
thickness as it extends itself peripher
ally. ThUB gradually moving seaward,
tbe Ice-sheet will at last pass the
margin of the land, but will continue
to rest upon tbe gradually descending
sea-bed, flowing down its gentle slopo
until lifted by iu own buoyancy (like
a vessel on launch) when vast masses
will break off and float awny.
Thus the Antarctic ico barrier is to bo
regarded as tbe margin of a polar
"ice cap" whoso thickness at its edge
is probably about two thousand feel,
uiiie-tonlbs of it lying beneath the
water line. This margin is not perma
nent, but is continually wasting awiy
like the terminal portion of a land
glacier not, however, hy liquefaction,
but by disruption and is as continu
ally renewed by the spreading out of
tho pilod-up ice ot the area within
tvbat may bo the thicknoss ol tbo "ice
cap nearer its Polar centre we have
at present no moans of knowing ; but
t must doubtless bo kept down by tbe
facility of the downward flow in
Imost every direction toward its
periphery of ten thousand miles.
A SACI ED R At MO AD.
l'iltoen men in Massachusetts have
organized themselves into a joint stock
company, each man holding one share
of ono hundred dollars of Palestino
railroad stock. They have obtained
their charter. Tho enterprise is said
to bo backed hy the financial support
ot two largo English banking bouses,
and so Boon as the preliminary per
mission can be obtained Irom the Turk
ish Government, the work of construc
tion will bo begun.
Tho road is to extend Irom Cairo in
Egypt to Mosul on tho rivor Tigris.
Branches are to bo built, ii tho emer
gencies of modern travel demand tbcm,
to Jerusalem, Jaffa, Beirut and other
towns. Tbe road connects fifteen
mon of Massachusetts having made up
inoir minds, one naturally speaks ot it
as an accomplished foot at tho north
ern end of tbo Sues canal with tbe
lines of steamers between tho East
and Europe Turning eastward from
Port baid the sacrilegious steam wbis-
tlo will shriek across the desolate tract
betwoen Egypt and Palestine. The
road after entering Palestine passes
through ancient Ashdod to Ramleb,
This is tbo Jerusalem junction; hero
also tho branch road to Jaffa leavos
tbo main track. Prom Knmleh tbe
road runs north through tho plain of
Sharon, up tbe valley ol tbe river Abu
Znbura, crosses the Carmol rango
through Megiddo Pans, at a maximum
grado of forty feet to a milo, and runs
across tho plain of Asdrnclin, by the
base of Mount Tabor, along tho west
Bido ot Lako GenniBaret.' It crosses
tbo Jordan at Jacob's Bridge and
climbs tho Jebcl lleisli at a grado of
sixty feet to a mile. Then down tho
other side, across tho plain to Damas
cus, and up to tbo Euphrates, to con
"not with tho Euphrates Valley road,
wuim t0 t,0 hll'l rr Ka.
glish company, ana thonco to Mosul,
whore it will connect with a proposed
road from Dinbclscr and the Black
Ol course it is all right, and we are
patriotically proud of the American en
terprise that is bound to "improve a
country that bas seen belter days
but It does jar a litMe on one s sonso
of tho eternal fitness of things. Who
who wants a railroad map of the Holy
Land? Tho remote is always the
magnificent, but no land can any Ion
gor bo romolo that bas onco been rav
aged by a railroad. It is greatly to
be feared that when one can buy a
through ticket to Palestine, and the
tide ot travel sets that way, as it in
evitably will, much of tbo quaint indi
viduality ot the country will bo sacri
flood. The Holy Land that we think
of now is liko a leal torn out of the
orld's Iliblo; it ia the very romance
ot religion ; something to be dreamed
of and reverenced, but hardly to be
seen.
But now a trip to tbo East will be
the most prosaio affair imaginable. All
up and down those sacred hills and
valleys, whoso very ramos we have
spoken with bated breath, the Inhabi-
lanls will advortise for summer hoard
ore. Cottages will cling to the shady
side of Mount Tabor. The passionato
pilgrim will buy rosea of Sharon, throo
Mir five cents, tor his button-hole bou
quet. I he ruins of lyre will bo strewn
with tho tin cans and paper collars of
oivihsation. We snail road bofore
breakfast bow the draw at Jacob's
Bridge was loft open the night before,
and tbe through express went down
into tbe Jordan.
Names that wo bavo seen hereto
fore only in onr Bibles will stare at us
from the headlines ol the daily paper.
One fancies tho inarticulate howl of
the brakeman, as ho struggles with
such namos of stations of Err.oro
um and Jakenderoon. One wonders
whother building the l ail road station
near the Damascus gato at Jerusalem
will add to the attractiveness of that
locality, and what effect the new road
will bavo on tho value of real estate.
Whoever buys a farm in Palestino must
bo content to lako land heavily roort
gaged with tradition, history and in
spiration. And last, but not least,
one wonders whother tbo train boy
will soil a good many copies of a cor
tain Hook which has a good deal to
sny about the country through wbicb
the now railroad rous. Washington
I'ost.
Ho purchased Ins sweetheart a pair
ol ten-button giown, ana nannca
them in at the door himself. The En
glish sorvant girl took them, and going
to tbe tool of the stairs bawled up
"Please miss, ere s a young man as
has bought you a patrol teggin's,
"I m afraid thai bed Is not long
enough lor you, saia a landlord to a
seven-foot guest. "Novor mind," be
replied, "I'll add two more feet to it
when I get In."
REPUBLICAN.
CULTIVATJXO FISH.
RESULTS OF THE NEW HATCH
ING PROCESS.
A VISIT TO THE CARP PONDS SOUE Ills
TOftlCAL ltESIARKS ABOl'T.TIIE CAhT
FAMILY EQCAI.I7.INO SALT AND
FHEHII WATER FIBU.
Ever since the appointment, in 1871
of Prof. Spencer K. Haird as commis
sioner oi list) and fisheries, "tlsb cut
lure" in the United Stales has been a
matter of growing interest and impor
tance. Tbo fish commission begun by
making inquiry into tho docreaso of
tho food fishes of this country, and its
constant labor for tho past two years
has been the propagation of food tishos
in ine waters ot tho United states.
Shad and salmon, Instead of being left
to wander at their own sweet will
through certain exclusive rivers, travel
about tbe United States by express at
tbe publio expense, and are systemat
ically colonized in all waters whoro
they can be successfully propagated.
They go by steamor to tho four quar
ters ot the earth, end tho annual re
ports of tho commissioner are enliven
ed by gruphic accounts of how 10,000
salmon ova wero "planted" in the
southern rivers of Now Zealand. Car
ried to that country by mail steamor,
tho salmon eggs make a triumphal pro
gross inland, packed in manufactured
ice, resting on elastic cushions of tropl-
cal fern and shaded by clusters of the
same, Tho "now era," as Prof. Baird
culls tho period since tho slcam batch-
ing process bas boon in uso, is produc
tive of marvelous results. Not only
bave tho fresh and salt waters been re
peopled by the nativo Gab, which wore
rapidly disappearing, but valuable food
Itsb bavo been imported, naturalized
and acclimated in American wators.
Among the most interesting of those
strangers within tho gates is tbe carp,
wnicn was ursi brought lo Ibis coun
try about throe yeais a no and has
sinco been extensively propagated. It
makes its headquarters here at the
Capital, occupying tbe carp ponds near
lue v usbington monument grounds.
and there, a few days ago, a 1'ost re
porter found tbo carp in to calls, and
absorbed considerable information in
regard to tho haunts, habits and moral
character of this new citizon. Tbe
carp ponds are bounded on the north
by tho White lot and tho Whito House
grounds and qn the south by tbo river,
and when Bomo linmcnso carp, in shocr
ecstasy of well being, leaps up for one
Bbining minute into tbo siuislnno, he
sceB,the new State Department and the
Treasury, the sombro towers of the
Smithsonian and tho more sensational
rotunda of tho new National museum.
And in the water, or out of the water,
bo is always aware of tho Washington
monument. Tho carp ponds are two
in number, und they vary in size from
the batching pond, which is 50x30
foot, to the great south pond, which
covers throe acres and contains 5,000
largo fish. Thoy are pretty ponds,
regularly laid out, with water plants
and an occasional troo growing in them,
and lull to tbo solid, grassy brim ol the
warm, shallow, cloudy water that the
carp particularly likes. A rustic gate
opens tlie grounds to tho batching
ponds. On the island in tho centre,
wbicb is approached by a rustic bridge
and a walk built liko tho levee, are
two tiny picturesqtio little houses, in
ono of which tho oggs aro hatched by
steam. In the other the Post repor
ter found lr. Uossol, who has charge
of tho ponds, and who, like tho critio
ilh tho while owl, has mane tbe carp
his study lor years. Dr. llcsscl is at
work on a diagram ol tho ponds, beau
tifully finished in color, which is going
to tho llorlin tlsb exhibition next
April. Ho takes a little dip-not and
goes out to do tbo honors of tho carp
ponds. A dip into tho wator Brings
up nothing but bull frogs green and
sulid, and exceedingly uninteresting.
tlo dips a great many times witb tho
same result. At last tbe net brings
up a single, shining carp a littlo glit
tering creature about an inch and a
ball' lonir, with symptoms of black
scales along ihn upper part of the
hack, and a warm gold low down on
the sides. This is the batching pond.
This fish was halched in October ; in
this pond are several thousand just
liko him.
Tho carp bas a family record. His
one of the most ancient and dignified
of fishes and came originally from
Central Asia, and was brought to Eu
rope centuries ago. In Bohemia, Aus
tria and Germany it bas boon domes
ticated, and in Austria especially,
where aro the most extensive carp
fisheries in Europe, its culture can bo
traced as tar back as the yoar 1227.
The carp has had royal palronago.
Tho r.mporor Charles IV. ot Germany
granted spoeial privileges to carp
ponds. 1 bo Lords ol tiosenherg built
carp ponds that are still the admira
tion of visitors, though the race of Ko
senbeigs bus long since passed away.
Indeed, the carp has no reason to coin
plain of its reception in Europe. Tho
monks wero greatly interested in It,
nd enlivened their monotonous live.
by cultivating it in ponds. It is a
grateful fish, gives littlo trouble, and
rewards the ownor of tho pond by in
creasing In a sort of geomotrical pro
gression which is vory profitable. It
is a pretty tih, well proportioned,
with bright, decided tints ol olivo,
brown and whitish yellow or orange.
Not a fish of prey, io consideration ot
tho fact that in plaeo of the usual
teeth In the mouth it has throe rows
of stout teeth in tho throat. In the
climate of Central Lurope it has a
habit of Bleeping through the cold sea
son, liko a bear. When Pisces gels
ready to parody Ursa Major in this
respect, a group oi carp numuonng
rilty or a hundred make a cavity in
the muddy ground, which is called a
kettle. Then thoy literally put their
heads together, and huddled in circles
with their heads in tho mud and the
posterior, part of tho body raised and
hold immovably, they pass the Win
tor eating nothing and scarcely breath
ing. Thoy take no food at all from
October to M arch, and in somo cold
climates evon later than that. The
carp doos all its growing in warm
weather. Way, June, juiy ana An
gust. It is an Indolent fish, liking
best stagnant or slowly running wit-
tor. and it likes tho water muddy,
witb aquatic planus, around me roots
of which it nestles. It isjnot very par
ticular about its food, all being grist
apparently thai comes to Its mill
uesb, vegetables, Insects, larva?, inaian
mosl. rye. flour, offal anything, in
short, that man or nature sees Ct to
bestow on it the carp eats, asking no
questions for conscience' sake. It has
been known to grow to an immense
oir.o. It Increases In length only np
to a certain age, but it will inorease in
circumference un to its thirty-fifth
year. In the old timoa the monks
raised carp all along the beautiful blue
Danube. There wore giants in those
days, and when an unusually large
carp was caught, they thought the
event quito worthy to be entorcd in
the chronicles of the monastery. So
wo read of the eoventy-cight-pounder
which was captured on Ascension day,
1820. And during tho Crimean war,
a French nfllcer shot a carp In the
Danuho which weighed sixty-seven
pounds, one of the scales, which was
in Dr. H easel's possession having a di
ameter ol two aud a ball inches, and
by the testimony of those samo scales
it was at least twenty lour years old
The normal weight of tho carp, how
ever, is on an avarage of from ihreeto
three and throe-fourth pounds ; a bsb
tbat has lived two Summers will weigh
two and throe-fourths or three and one
fourth pounds the yoar following. The
"Goldon Ido" carp, which comes from
tho Black sea and has one pond to
itself hore, at the end of two years
weighs three or lour pounds. Jn the
Danube it grows to ton. On tho whole,
it is rather an unovontful life that tho
carp leads in tho Government ponds.
It is so carefully sheltered and its ene
mies so kept at bay tbat it bos abso
lutely no excitements in lifo. In the
nativo state it would bave to look out
for aquatic birds, water-snakes and
musk-rats, cranes and otters, and its
hereditary onemy, tbo Bnapping turlle.
The snapping-turtlo has been known
to clear a pond ot fish and then, tod by
its sense of smell, to follow them up
hill and against tbo stream. But with
tho watchful caro and tbe wire screens
that guard the outlets to tbo Govern
ment pond, no carp would have any
trouble in getting bis lifo insured. It
takes eight or ton days to hatch the
eggs, which are placed on slides of
glass in water and kept in a tempera
ture of 80 or 90. The young fish
are then put into the hatching pond
oeioro mentioned, tv hen they aro to
be removed to another pond, the out
let to tho pond is unlocked with an
iron "koy)" a wire screen placed over
it so tbat the fish cannot oscape, and
tbo water gradually and carefully
drained. The young are fed whilo in
tho hatching ponds. When put into
the larger ponds thoy take caro of
themselves. The carp in the soutb
Siond weigh from one to two pounds,
n the second pond are 150,000 fish.
There aro three distinct spocics, the
scale carp, with regular, concentrically
arranged scales; the minor carp, so
called on account of tho voiy (urge
scales, which run along tho sides of
tbo body in throo or four rows, tbo
rest of tbo body being baro, and tho
leather car), Which has on tho back
only u few scales, or none at all, and
bas a thick, soil skin, which is like
velvet to the touch. It will live in salt
water as well as fresh, and in tbo
Black sea often attains a weight of
fifteen to twenty pounds.
It is a good deal ot a cosmopolite, the
carp. Ii haunts all tbe smaller and
larger rivers ot Europe, and likes also
the Swiss lakes. Of the true carp
pisciculturists have nothing but praise
to speak, but sometimes, as the result
of a mesalliance in the carp family,
there result such hybrids as tbe Var
pis kollarii, a poor and bony fish,
known in Germany as "the poor man s
fish." In Europe, wboro no carp cul
ture bos been reduced to a science,
the same field is used alternately for a
carp pond and for the raising of grain,
and, as a consequence, during tho carp
years the fish find tbe ground full ot
favorito food.
Let no ono mistake tbo carp for the
buffalo fish. There is a strong resem
blance, but to confound tbem is to do
great injustice to those superior quali
ties which bave induced the fish com
mission to introduco the carp into the
United Mates. 'Ibe flsb aro sent out
from those ponds twice a year. Thoy
are sent South during tbe Winter; in
April they are sent North, the small
est sent away being Irom two to seven
ncbes. rivo hundred thousand iiltio
fish will bo batched out this next Sum
mer. Any one who has a suitablo
place to put them can get them on np-
plication to tbo tlsb commissioner.
And all the young man has to do who
bas gone West to grow up with tho
country, and Is fired by an ambition
to have a carp pond, la to comn down
lo tho train with a backet of water
some fine day and get his carp. It will
settle down as contentedly in some
Western pond without a name as tho
its ancestors bad novor swam down
tho castled I'hino or floated in tho blue
wator of Asintio seas. It is one of tbe
attractive and interesting features of
tbo city, theso carp ponds. iho
grounds are so ploasant and well kept.
tbe solid sod slopes so greomy down
to tho water, and in those early Spring
days one would rathorsiton the grass
n tbe sunshine than to breath tbe
breath of tbo gallories and listen to
Congressional debate. Tbeaun shines;
tho warm, cloudy wator is full of lightB
and shndows; there is a dandelion
ilhin reach ; the flags in tbo wator
are Inking on new shades ol green; now
and then there Is tho flash of a fin,
and a shy carp swims away from you
a phantom tish, ol whose exact spe
cics you are painfully uncertain.
Washington Post.
. SEA-SI VE RESORTS.
There ia nothing in Nature that so
astonishes tbo man or woman born
and grown up to maturity, on or
along the range of the Allegheny
mountains, as to look upon the waves
of "old Ocean." Th same sensation
is produced in the human breast when
tbo traveler, who grew up to man-
hood along tho sea-coast, or on the
prairies, approaches tho base, or crosses
this mnjf-stlo mountain In a palace oar.
To the farmer, the beauties and gran
dour ol mountain peaks and monn
mental rocks, become vory common
place, whilo the lido and rolling waves
and dashing foam ravishes their eyes,
and the same becomes equally as mo
notonons to the latter.
Weadviao those of our readers who
have tho means lo do so, to take atrip
to the sea shore and only take in a
week, if tbry can stay no longer. Ot
course, tboso placoo are as numerous
as the mountain resorts, but the gran
deurs of the Ocean are nearly tbe
same everywhere. Those who have
never been there, we would advise to
mako a visit to Atlantio City, New
Jersey. Parties on business to Pbilu-
delphia can roach the coast in three
hours. Tho ferry boat leaves Vine
street wharf about 8 o'clock, every
morning, crossing th Delaware river
to Camden whoie the traveler enters
tbe cars and is whirled across the Bute
of New Jersey in a lew hours. For a
description of th place we copy a let
ter written at Atlantio City, and pub
lished in th New York Pott. Tbe
writer aay :
"This 'city with a foolish name' Is
fast becoming tho Winter watonng
plaoo for heulth seekers from the
Northern. Middle and Eastorn States.
It ia situated in Now Jersey, about ono
hundred and fifty miles down tbe roast
from Now York. Tbe ordinary way
of reaching it is by rail from Philadel
phia, but many go by tba Camden k
Am boy Hailroad, and tbe Now Jersey
Southern line without passing lliioiigh
the Ouakor City. Atlantic Cily is
surrounded by the Ocean the island
having been formed by the sand washed
ed ophy ibe waves.
ll contains about
threo thousand inhabitants io tbo
Winter and twenty-five thousand in
tbe Suinmor, and two hundred board
ing houses and hotels. Several ot tho
hotels have boon open all Wintor, and
ibe "llrigblon, which will accommo
date one hundred and fifty guests, has
oeen crowded lor somo wooks, olten
having to send applicants to other
places.
Tho peculiarity of this resort over
all others on the coast is the dryness
of its atmosphere. By some this is
attributed to lhe influence of tho Gull
Stream, which nearly opposite here
tnrns off in a northeasterly direction ;
but the moBt probable causo is tho
unbroken, sandy beach, which extends
each way lor soveral miles reaching
fur inland. The snow and rain soon
disappear from the ground, and tho
roads, which aro covered witb gravel,
aro dry and hard. The place is free
irom mud and dust. Carriages roll
along tbe streets as in Summer, and
tbe "nasty sun," wbon it comos stream
ing through the windows into your
room does not rovcul the innumerable
atoms which under the same condi
tions arc seen olsewbore floating about
in its rays. earing apparol, towels,
carpets and bed linen, aftor a long
rain, are free from dampness; and
even tho fog, which at times comos up
from the sea, instead ot remaining in
tho atmosphere, drops to tho earth,
turns to mist, almost transparent, and
passes along with tho currants of air
until it disappears. Mon and women
on foot, on horseback, and in carriages,
are seen passing up and down on tbo
burd beach ; children with their shov
els and pails are packing sand, white
groups of persons in their overcoats
and wiaps aro reclining bore and
there, reading and chatting, with tbo
belit t tbat they gain strengb by bur
rowing in tho dry jand.
This place may be a more lashiona-
ble watering place in the Summer, but
now there is very little display of dress
or equipage, and may there novor be
more. At times tbe ocean flows in
like u river, leaving a fringo ol foam
along Iho beach as it recedes; and
again, when there has been a storm,
it comes booming in with battling,
foaming waves as tar as tho eye can
see. J ben, sea-guns gather along tlie
shore, now riding on the waves, now
dashing through the spray, now wad
ing in the water, as il floats back, and
now suddenly dropping on tho sand.
W hat is tbo obioct ot tboso movements ?
When tbe waves are high clams are
washed np on tbo beach and Iclt there.
They immediately put out their little
claws abd uso tbem as spades to bury
themselves from sight and danger, if
a gull shouldapproae.il, thoy close thoir
shell, lor protection, inooiru, tnus
sot at defiance, pounces upon it, rises
eyjth it in tno Bir lo ttsa he.ias.rrt or
thirty or forty foet, and then drops it
on tbe hard sand, wheu tho shell is
broken, making it an easy prey lor its
ravenous enemy.
The faro is good, tho table being
supplied Irom tho Philadelphia markot.
Tho charge lor board and carriage nice
is reasonable. This morning, by the
side of th hotel, was tbe usual group
of half grown boys, ono of whom was
colored, with carriages ana cuutses lor
tho gncBls. Ono ot the smaller boys
says to tbe colored lad : 'Here, Jim,
you look aftor my horse till 1 come
back.' 'Say, 'if you please, sir,' ' said
Jim; and then continuing, 'Say, boy,
you be young and you better mtnu
your manners, for manners will go
farthor than sass.' To extend thl com
munication further will be to mako it
less likely to find a place in tbe crowded
columns of tbo Evening Post."
THE LA IP OF TRESPASS.
The following summary of tho law
ia from a report on the subjoct made
to tho State lleard oi Agriculture:
Trespass is defined aa "any trans
gression or offense against the law of
nature, ot society, or oi me country
in which we live, whether it relates to
a man's porson or property." This is
the widost meaning.
Ordinarily, however, it has reference
only to an entry on tbe property of
another without authority, and in
doing damage whilo thoro, whother
much or little.
Tho law gives the owner exclusive
control over bis property. Any in
fringement ot bis rights without his
permission or juatidou rjy regal autnor
iiv therefore constitutes a trespass.
It does not need tbat tho land should
bo enolosod by fences. Tbe law sup
noses an imaginary incloanro which
answers evory purpose, and the simple
act ot passing it constitutes trespass,
allhoiiuh no barm should result to
crops, callio or auciii eise.
Every person legally authorized to
soize certain goods on a man'l premises
dure not break open doors lor that
nurposo; if be does, bia autuority
avails him nothing, and be become a
iresoassor.
Neither is a person justified in so
arranging spouts as to discharge water
on another man a land, even tnougn
ho never steps off bis own grounds ;
nor to permit filth to pass a boundary
lino without due permission. -
Wbon a spout first discharges on a
man's own premises and the contents
then find their way to a neighbor's
premises it doc not constitute a ires
pass. Hunting and fishing, however, con
mituto the most common and annoy
ing sources of trespass to wbich onr
furma are subjected.
Custom has induced some pooplo lo
believo they can hunt or fish on the
lands or waters of otbor men with im
punity. Nothing is wider of tbe fact
than this.
Because there can b. no property
in rabbits, quails, squirrels, pheasants
and other wild birds and animals,
tbey think theso may be pursued
wherever, they may bo discovered.
It is hardly necessary to say that
lhe earn laws governing trespass in
other cases prevail here. No matter
that neither grass nor grain are
trampled down, whether gates are loft
closed, bars left np and no rails broken,
the pursuit ot such game on the lands
of another without permission is tres
pass. To evon enter au enclosed piece of
woods, where there are no crops lo be
injured, In pursuit of game, which may
have taken refuge there, is a violation
of law quite much a if a wheat-
Held In ear bad been trampled down
EDUCATIONAL.
BY M. L. MottOOWN.
"EducaUoa la s batter safeguard of liberty thus
a Btaadiog army. If wa retrench lb wages of th
schoolmaster, we masl raise those of I ha recruit
ing eeriaant."
Truth, liko rosea, ofton blossoms upon
a thorny stom.
Got your annual reports and cir
tificatea ready, for the new school yoar
druwoth nigh.
Goshen township Directors are al
ready talking or an advance fn the
wages of their teachers.
In all tur schools arithmetic is
taught too much, and literature und
composition are not taught enough.
It is our iutontion to hold a se
ries of educational meetings through,
out the county during the Unto of Pall
examinations.
A. L. Scotlcld opened a select School
at Jancsvillu, in Gulicb township, on
Monday, May Iilb, to continue in ses
sion twelve weeks.
Mi nnies bave found their way into
the West Clearfield school. Mr. Mead,
the teacher, and a number of tho schol-
iar Are prostrated by the disease.
The students attending the Burn
side and Lumber City Academies, and
tbe New Washington Normal Insti
tute, are boarded in good familios for
82.00 per week.
Miss Annio P. liead, ot Lawrence
township, will teach th l'atchlnvllle -school
tho coming Summer, and her
sister, Fannie, will teach the Spruce
Hill school, in Union township,
Mr. C. A. r"orcey, for some years
past a teacher in the schools or Gra
ham township, has dono what the
schoolmaster seldom doos got mar
ried. J ho fortunate brtdo is Miss
Mary Hoover, of Morris township.
Clarenco bas our best wishes for an
uninterrupted voyage over the sea of
lifo.
By the act of May 18, 1870, no per.
son bereuftor clootod shall bo capablo
of holding and exercising tho office of
School Director, Constable, Comrnis.
sioner of roads, and that of township
or borough Auditor at the same time.
Tbe abovo is frequently overlooked,
and Directors are chosen who are not
eligible to the position.
Miss Ellen Brown, now a member
of the Curwcnsvillo High School, has
attended the publio schools of tbat
norougn lorty-nino months, or one
month less than ten continuous terms
of five months each, without missing a
duv. This is indeed a most remarka
ble record. It is by far the boat rec
ord ot any pupil In Clearfield county,
ana wo doubt n tuoro is anotbor such
in iho State. Miss Sadie Flick, of tbe
Utabvillo school, in Beccaria town
ship, has attonded tbat school five con
tinuous terms ot live montbs cacb, or
twenty-five months without missisg a
day.
Directors should bo careful about
this timo when the book agents make
their appearance and teachers apply
to tboir friends individually for posi
tions that they observe in all cases the
Act ot April 11, 1HBZ, wh'.cb ssys
"that no tax for school or building pur
poses shall be levied, no resolutions
shall be adoptod for tbo purchase or
sale ot any school real estate, no school
house shall be located, or its location
abandoned or changed, no teacher
shall bo appointed or dismissed, no an
nual school term shall be determined
on, nor shall any general course of
studies be adopted or annual series of
text-books be selected, in any common
school district, except by the affirma
tive votes of a majority of the whole
number ot Directors or controllers
thereof; and in each of said cases the
names of the members voting, both in
the affirmative and the negative, shall
be so entered on the minutes ot the
Hoard ij the Rnoretary."
Nearly all of our teachers remember
Prof. J. W. Shoemaker, who endeared
himself to tbe members of our County
Institute during the sessions of 1872
and 1875, by hi genial manner and
profitable instruction given in elocu
tion. -We know all will deeply regret
to learn of his death, the notice of
which we take from tho Philadelphia
Press of tho 18th inst, a follows:
"A tolceram brines information ol
tho sudden doath at Atchison, Kansas,
of Trof. Jacob W. Shoemaker, Presi
dent of the National School ol hlocn-
lion and Oratory of this city, lit bas
been suffering from a diseas of the
throat for soveral years, and in hope
of regaining his health he started last
month for Colorado, stoppiug on the
way with somo friends in Atchison.
At that point ho wa attacked with
malarial tover, wbich caused bis death
Saturday evening last at 8:30 o'clock.
lie leaves a wile and two coiiuran agea
respectfully 6 and 9 years, who were
summonod by telegraph on Friday af
ternoon, but thoy tuiled to reach Atch
ison until tbo day after his death.
Tho body will be brought to this city
for interment, the funeral services to
bo held at the Congregational tvonrcn,
Eigbteonth and Green streets, on Sat
urday next
"Profossor Shoemaker wa born in
Westmoreland county, of this State,
April 18, 1842. Ho was tho youngest
of four children, threo tons and one
danghtor. His father was a minister,
at the same time being owner ot and
resident upon fine larm. Us was
educated up tohislClh year In a coun
try publio school, but, being ambitious,
by teaching and canvassing for book
publisher be acquired suuicieni means
to enter an academy and eventually
tbo State Normal School at Millers
villo. While a student be enlistod in
tbe at my as a private in 18(31, and
subsequently completed his course and
took bis degree ot A. M. In 1865 he
wa sent to Lynchburg, V., to organ
iz and superintend schools for the
freedmen. He came North in 1866
and locating in this city began to
teach elocution and penmanship pri
vately at No. 1223 Green atreot. In
18ti8 be was married lo Miss Rachel
Hinkle or Bucks county, and In 1869
thoy opened a school ot elocution at
No. 1208 Chestnut street, which in
Soptombor, 1373, wa chartered a th
National School of Elocution and Ora
tory, This was inaugurated June 11,
1874, and from its rooms were gradu
ated over ten thousand pupils from all
parts of the country, it being tb only
institution of th kind is tho United
Slates. In 1878 ha wa elected Pro
fessor el Elocution in th University
of Pennsylvania, a position which be
hold at th time of bis death. An ac
tive worker in the Yoking Men's Chris
tian Association, he was regarded as a
loithful Christian, a kind and affeo
tionato friend, a wiso counselor and a
sturdy advocate ol educational ad
vancement among tb masses."
roll or UOIOB.
The following namos have been re
ceived for tb week ending May lBlh :
Franklin school, in Bell township
Etta Cupplcr, Bertha Johnson. Tb
last named scholar ha not missed a
day of school for three terms.
Ploasant Bidge school, In Knox
township Mary Dunlap.
Curwensvill High Be boot Ellen
Brown. Mis Brown has attanded,
forty-nine month in (accession with
out missing day. ''
Anton ill tcbool, in Jordan tewa
ship Eddie 8monce.
Lumber City Primary School
Gumey 1111, Eddl Worts, Bella Hit
and Nina McDlvitt.