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CLEAHFIMLD, PA.
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0. D. O00DLANDER,
Publliber.
Cards.
TT W. SMITH,
ATTORNEY
AT-LAW,
Clearfield, Pa.
T J. LINGLE,
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
1:11 Phlllpabur;, Centre Co., Pa. y:pd
G
JR. A W. BAHUKTT,
T -
Attorneys and Counselors at Law,
CLEARFIELD, PA.
January 30, 1878.
TSRAEL TEST,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Clearfield, Pa.
eT-Offloe Id tho Court Iloo.e. Jill.'M
HENRY BRETH,
(OITKKn f, O.)
JUSTICE OF THE PEACE
TOR BRLL TOWRBRIS.
Hi; I, Wfi-iye
fyil. M. McCULLOUGH,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
CLEARFIELD, PA.
Offi j In Maronie building, Second ilreat, op
polite tba Court Houm. Je2o,'78-tf.
"y C. ARNOLD,
LAW & COLLECTION OFFICE,
CURWBNRVILLK,
Clearfield Coanly, Penn'e.
BKOCKBANK,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
a
7
Se
CLEARFIELD, PA.
ap J,77-lj
Oflloe In Opera Ilouae.
JAMES MITCHELL,
DBALBa II
Square Timber & Timber Lands,
J.U7.1 CLEARFIELD, PA.
g V. WILSON,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Offitie one door ea.t of Weetert Hotel bailding,
oppoaite Court lloute.
l.pt.9,'77. CLEARFIELD, PA.
JjRANK FJ ELDING,
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
ClearUeld, Pa.
Will attend to all buaiaeaa anlnutad to him
promptly and faltbfullj. Janl'7
J K. SNYUER,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
CLEARFIELD, PA.
Office la Fle'a Opera Home. .
June It, 'TStf.
WILUAH A. WiLLACB. DAVID L. IBBBa.
Baar r. wallacb. jobb w. wbiolbt.
WT'ALLACK & KREBS,
(Huxeaeore to Wallaee A Fl.ldlnj,)
ATTORNKYS-AT-LAW,
janl'77 t'learUelrt, Pa.
r. o'l. licit. . A. A. oaAUia.
DUCK dt CiHAIIAM,
1) AT TOltNEYS AT LAW,
1'LRARrlBI.D, PA.
All legal batineaa promptly attended to. Offloa
In Uraham'a Row rooma Ibrmerly eecanled by
11. U. DWUOIl. .Mil-., in-...
tbob. a. atiBRAr. cram aoaroa.
jURRAY & GORDON,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
CLEARFIELD, PA.
arOSoe la Pie'a Opera Uoaae, teoond floor.
:S0'7t
ioi era i. m'brallt. dakibl w. B'cuaor,
rcENALLY & McCUBDY
ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW,
Ciearffleld. Pa.
pm-Legal baalnaei attended to promptly with
Odelity. Office on Second .treat, aboro tba Flrat
National Bank. )
1:70
G. KUAMER,
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
Real Eiuta and Collection Agent,
Cl.EARPIaV.LD. PA.,
Will promptly attend to all legal bailee., aa
tru.ted to hia oare.
aT-OOoe la Pie'l Opera Uoaae. Jaal7a.
J F. McKENRICK,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
CLEARFIELD, PA
All legal boaineii entruited to bli oare will re
aelra prompt attention.
Office eppoalU Court Tlouie, la Maaonia Building,
aeeond Ouor. '"-'i
TOUN L. CUTTLE,
ATTORNEY AT LAW.
iad (teal Eatate Agent, Clearfield, Pa,
nan Tkird .treat, bet. Cherry A Walaaa.
aeF-Reepeotlully ofara bla eervleM le .ell hg
aad haylag laada la Olearl.ld aad adjoining
eeaaliea I and with aa aRpertenee el ever twe.tr
yeare aa a awrveyer, latter, almeoll that ho eaa
render awlafnetlea. Feb. lliM:tf,
JJR. M. SCHEURER,
HOMOPATmC PHYSICIAN,
OfAea la rnideae ea J itet it. .
AnrlldM, H7. Clearfield, Pa.
JR. W. A. MEANS,
PHYSICIAN 4 SURGEON,
LUTUERSBURO, FA.
Will attaad profaailonal ealla prompUy. augl0'70
T. J. BOTEK,
FUY8ICIAN ANDSUBOKOK.
Office ea Market Street, Clearfield, Pa.
AMT-Offioe hoeni I to 11 a. m , and 1 to I p. m.
D
U. J. KAY WRIGLKY,
UO.M(KPATHIO FHYSICIAK,
yor-Office'adjelalog the reelileaee ef Jamee
Wrigky, hie,., oa Seeoad 81., Clearfield, Pa.
Jolyl,'7tf,
J-JR. U. B. VAN VALZAH,
C LBARFIELDi rEN'A.
omCRIN MA80N1CBVILDINU.
J- Office honn-From II U i P. at.
May II, H7.
R.' 3, V- BUECHFIBLD,
Ulo Sirgaoa at Ik. Md leglmeat, PeaaaylvaaU
Volaalaeia, karlag retaraad from the Army,
elen bla prefeaileeel levvleel te thltltlaeal
ef Olearfieldeoaaty.
a-Frofe.aloael colli promptly atuaded le.
Office ea Beaaad Itreel, formarlyoeeapled by
Dr. Wood,. aprt00 II
flAURY HNYDKIl.
WA IIARRKR AND BAIKDRE8SM.
bhea aa Market St .. epeeelte Oeert Horn.
A aleaa towel for erery aaatemer.
Alee auaafaetarer ef
All Rlndj ef Artlelee al liaamaa Ha nr.
Clear lei a, Fa. Bey M, ta.
' CLEARFIELD ' REPUBLICAN
QEOlB' 600DLA1TDEE, Editor & Proprietor. PRINCIPLES NOT MEN. . TEEMS-$2 per annum in Advance.
VOL. 53-WHOLE NO. 2,607. CLEARFIELD, PA., WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 5, 1879. NEW STOES-YQL. 20, NO. 5.!
Cards.
JOB PRIMTIHO OP EVERY DE8CRIP
Moa aaetly eteeuted at thla oBce.
0
SCAR MITCHELL,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
CLEARFIELD, PA.
J!oT-Ofloe In Ilia Opera ll.uee. onto, '7S.tf.
WILLIAM M. HENRY, Justice
or ran PaAca abb ScartaRaa, LUMBER
01TY. CoHeetioaa made aad mono, eromntlv
paid oror. Artiolaa af agreement aad daadi af
oonTeynnoe aeauy oiaautad aad warraated ear.
root or ao oharg a. Hty'T
JC-LANI) D. SWOOPE,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Curweo.vltle, Clearfiald ooanty, Pa.
oat , 7-tf.
-JOHN D. THOMPSON,
Jnatloe of the Paao and Sorlvanar,
CarwenavUle, Pa.
aBBCollaettona aaad and Bona promptly
paldorar. fabll'Tltf
JAS. B. GRAHAM,
daalar la
Seal Estate, Square Timber, Boards,
BHINOLKB, LATI1, A PICKETS,
:10'71 Claarleld, Pa,
REUBEN HACKMAN,
House and Sign Painter and Paper
Hanger,
Clearaeld, Pena'e.
fen. Will aiaoaulobi la hia lie promptly and
In a workmanlike manner. er,o7
JOEN A. STADLER,
BAKER, Market St., Clearfield, Pa.
Fra.b Bread, Ru.k, Holla, Plea aad Cakea
oa band or made to order. A general aa.ortment
of Confeetionariaa, Frnlta aad Nala In atoek.
loa Cream and Oyetera la aeaaon. Saloon nearly
oppoeita the Poatoflloe. Prleee moderate.
aura i-'7a.
WEAVER A. BETTS,
DIALBBI II
Real Estate, Square Timber, Saw Logs,
AND LUMBER OF ALL KINDS.
MT-OHoo oa Saeond etreot, la rear of atore
room of U.orj. Wearer A Co. Jaoi, '71-tf.
RICHARD HUGHES,
Jl'STICE OF THE PEACE
ron
Uttnlmr Totmthip,
Oaoaola Mllla P. O.
II ofilelal bnilnera entra.led to him will be
promptly attended to. meblt, 1.
BLAKE WALTERS,
REAL ESTATE BROKER,
ard paAuia a
Mnw ljoyn and linmbor.
CLEARFIELD, PA.
OOlo In Orahnm'a Row. 1:I&:T1
E. A. BIGLER & CO.,
KBALBBI IR
aad maaulaetann af
A1.L mm OF HAWED LUMBER,
77J CLEARFIELD, PENS'A.
G. H. HALL,
PRACTICAL PUMP MAKER,
NEAR CLEARFIELD, PKNN'A.
mar-Panel alwaya oa hand aad made te order
ea aaort aotioe. ripe. v,u
All work warranted to render aattataction, ana
dellreredifdeaired. mylttlypd
THO M A 8 H. FORCEE,
SBAJ.HB IR
GENERAL MERCHANDISE,
. GBABAMTOM, Pa.
AUo.eiten.lTO maaufactarer aad daalar la Sonata
Atmber ana Bawea Atamoeroi u iuu
cgr-Orderl eolloltad aad au bull promptly
filled. l-JJ'b"
Idlvery Stable.
rTtim .adenine ton leave to laiem teal
I lt.thetBUaowfallyrerareeloaeeomme.
date all la the way of furni.nlng LU.eee, BuggieB,
saddle, and Uarnaai, oa the ehortelt notice and
aa reaeenabla Urmi. Healdaaoe oa ioaai aire,
betwoM Third aad Fourth. ..,
UBU. n. uaanxiAnA.
Ileardald, Feb. 4, 1 T4.
I. SNYDER,
PRACTICAL WATCHMAKER
ARD PBALaB IR
kWatoboa, Clocks and Jewelry,
wYeaeai'e Kim, Jhraet Areet,
CLEARFIELD, PA.
All klndi of repairing in my line promptly at
nd.d to. April M, 107.
Great Western Hotel,
Noa. Ill 1, 1311 aad lilt Market Street,
( Oirvellj- 0pe.ie R'eameeerr'r Oremd Cewer.)
rivllftlelplvla, reaa'tv. .
Terma, AQ.OO jpesr cJ.ay
Tkl. Ilohl I. near the aew Pablle Bulldlnra
new Maaoalo Temple, V. B. Mint, and Aeademy
.d.. .... VV TUAtU'lf Pmti'r.
ei ri.oa.ri.. . . , r
Ori: am Rioar ! Jyl7, il ly
Clearfield Nursery.
ENCOURAGE HOME INDUSTRY
mill .nderrfraed. having eataMlahed a NaT
J. aery ea the Tike, about ball way between
ru.,1.1,1 .nd Cnrwen.rille. la arepared te far-
Blab all klodi ef FRUIT TREES, (atandard aad
dwarf. 1 Ererrraeae, Bhruhhery, Grape Vlaea,
il.uk.rrv. Lawaae Blechbarrv. Strawberry,
aad Raepberry Vlaea. Alee, Siberian Crab Treea,
U.lnea. aad early aoarlet Rhubarb, Aa. Ordara
prompt., auaaeed...
aep0 M-y Carwaaarille, Pi
ANDREW HARWICK,
Market Btreet. t'learBeld. Pa.,
RAROrArTDBRB ARD OR A LA B R
HARNESS, SADDLES, BRIDLES, COLLARS,
aad an kind, of
HOUSE rVKMaBIHQ OOODS.
A fall atoek ef Saddlen' Hardware, Bra, bee,
rn-k. ni.nhMa. Robea. ete alwayl ea haad
..A r.r aula at the kwoat eaah erloea. AU hlnde
of repalrlag promptly attended to.
All Bledl l bide, leuen in ,n
nan aad repairing. AU blade ef beraoeo leather
kept oa band, and ror lata at a ava.ii prv...
UraarBeia, eea. iv, mm.
WEST BRANCH xr
Insurance AGENCY.
PENT! A BROCKBANK, AgeaU,
(Sacimeri ha Murray A gordoe.)
The foAowIng Irrt-clem eompaalea fepleaeateai
N.rth Brltleh A MaroaaUle Fire a0.
Co., ef Eaglaed M,ee,
eotUah Oemmmeial lr lea. Oa., of
hofland ' .'!H,!li
NorU Amort ofFbilelpbl. '.JM.JJJ
Fire AatoeUlloa, Philadelphia 1,100,000
Weterlowa Fire, Maw Hera, laaaree
M.Mri ..iv m . Tee.eee
Mobile Fire Denartmeet Ial. Ce..... ITfi.ON
Perron ta the eoaatry waetlag laaeraaee, eaa
v i. ule allaaded U by adaReeateg aa aa
a. by toller. Uweet p-etala Ma. ta rat
?m.a.toB. M, eaeeemra. Office la Pie'a
caura Hoeae. ANDBEIf TtTfTX, Jr,
Cmaraaoeae. g. -. jaoOEBAIIat,
CleuCale, Hap I, MlaVlF.
8.
GOVERNMENT TAPER MONEY
AN IMPORTANT DECISION BY MR. JUSTICE
CLIFFORD, OF THE 81THEM1 COURT.
All writers upon political economy
agree that monoy is the universal
standard of value and the measure oi
exchange, foreign and ilomestio, and
that the power to coin and regulate
tuo vaiuo oi money is an essential at
tribute of national sovereignty.
Such qualities, all agree, are
united in much creator dotrroe in
gold and silver than in any other
anown commodity, which was all well
known to the members ol the conven
tion who Iramed tho Constitution at
to any body of men since assembled
and intrusted, to any oxtont, with the
publio affairs. They not only knew
that tho money of the commercial
Worl'l ,r.aH,.M .ml oill'ltr. hut r,.j- wlww
knew from bitterexperioncothat papor
promises, whether issued by tho States
or United Status, woro utterly worth
less as a standard ot vuluo for any
practical purpose
THE OPINIONS OF THE FATHtllH.
Kvidunce of the truth of theso re
marks of the most convincing character
is to bo found in the published pro
ceedings of that convention. Debate
upon the subject first arose when an
amendment was proposed to prohibit
the States from emitting bills of credit
or making anything but gold and sil
ver coin a tender in payment oi debts.
From tho character of that debato and
the vote on the amendment it became
apparent that paper money had but
few if any friends In the convention.
Article 7 of the draft of tho Constitu
tion, as reported to the convention,
contained the clauso, "and emit bills
on the credit of the United States,"
appended to tho grant of power vested
in Congress to borrow money, and it
was on the motion to ttriko out that
clause that the principal discussion in
rospoct to paper money took placo.
Mr. Madison inquired if it would not
be sufficient to prohibit tho making of
such bills a tender, as that would re
move the temptation to emit them with
unjust views. Promissory notes, ho
said, in that shape, that is when not a
tender, "may In some emergencies be
best." Some are willing to acquiesce
in the modification suggested by Mr.
Madison, bnt Mr. Morris, who submit
ted the motion, objected, insisting that
if the motion provailcd thero would
still be room lelt for tbo notes of a re
sponsible minister, which, as ho said,
"would ao ail the goon without too
mischief." Decided objections were
advanced by Mr. Ellsworth, who said
ho thought the momont a fuvorablo
one to "shut and bar tho door against
paper monoy ; " and others expressod
their opposition to tlie clause in equally
decisive language, even saying that
tbey would sooner see tuo wuole plan
rejected thnn retain tbo throe words,
and omit bills. Bullies it to say.
without reproducing the discussion,
that the motion prevailed nine States
to twoand the clauso was stricken
J ....rt a... m.da tn
rostoro it. Taper mousy as legal tuiiOur
had few or no advocates in tbe conven
tion, and it never had more than one
open advocate throughout tbe period
tlie constitution was unuer Discussion,
oithor in the convention which framed
it or in the conventions ot tbe States
where it was ratified. Virginia voted
in the affirmative on the motion to
strike out that clauso, Mr. Madison
being satisfied that if the motion pre
vailed it would not have tho etluot to
disable tbo government from the uso
of Treasury notes, ana Doing nimseu
in favor ot "cutting on tuo proiext lor
a paper currency, and particularly for
'i' - i i ,nnjn.
maelllg lliu uuia a, icgui wuuui vibtiwi
for public or privato debts." When
the draa for tho Constitution was ro
ported,thoclauso prohibiting tbo States
from making anything but gold and
silvor a tender in payment of bills an
exception, "in case Congress consent
ed," Cat the convention struck out tbo
exception and made tbo prohibition
absolute, one of the members remark
ing that it was a tavorubie moment to
crash out paper monoy, and all or
nearly all of the convention seemed to
concur in tho sentiment. Contempo
raneous acts are certainly evidence of
ntention, and if ao it is dimeult to see
iv bat moro is needed to show that tbe
members of that convention iutonded
to withhold from tbo States and from
tho United States allpowor to mako
anvthing but gold and silver a stan
dard of value or a tender in payment
of debts. Equally decisive proof so
tbe same elTcct is lound in tuo debates
which subsequently occurred in the
conventions of tho sovoral States to
which the Constitution, as adopted,
was submitted for ratification. Mr.
Martin thought that the States ought
not to be totally deprived of tbe right
to emit bills of credit, but he says that
"the convention was so smitten with
the paper monoy dread that it insisted
that tho prohibition euouiu oe auso-
lute."
FEDERAL MONEY MUST BE METAL MONEY.
Currency is a word much moro com
prehensive than the word monoy, as it
. . , ,l-iii L:ii
may inciuuo Dana outs anu even uma
of exchange, at well as coins of gold
and silver ; but the word monoy, as
employed in tbe grant ot power under
consideration, moans tbe coins of gold
and silver, fabricated and stamped as
required by law, which by virtue of
their intrinsic value, aa universally ac
knowledged, and their official origin,
become tbo medium of exchange and
the standard by which all other values
are expressed and discharged. Sup
port to the proposition thai tbo word
monoy, as employed in that clauso,
was intendod to be usod in the sense
here supposed is also dorivod from the
language employed in certain numbers
ot tbe teaeraiat, wuicd, as is wen
known, were written and published
during tho period when the question
whether the 8tatos would ratify the
Constitution was pending in their sov
oral conventions. Snob men as tho
writers of those essays nover could
have emnloved encb language if they
bad entertained the remotest idoathat
Congress possessed the power tQ make
paper promises a local tender. LiUo
support is also derived from tbo lan
guage of Mr. Hamilton In bis celebra
ted report recommending tne incorpor
ation of a national bank. He first
state tbe objection to the pronosedi
measure that banks tend to banian toe
Sold and siver ot the oountry, secondly
e gives tbe answer to that objection
mado bv tne advocates of tbo bank,
that it is immaterial what serves tbe
purpose of money, and then says that
tba answer is not entirely satisfactory,
is the pormanent Increase or decrease
of ttio precious metaia in a country can
hardly aver be matter of indifloronce.
"Asa commodity taken in lieu ot evory
othor. it (coinl is a species of the most
effective wealth, and a the money of
the world it is ot great concern to the
State that posstxwos a sufficiency of It to
fao any Oemanaa welcome prutcwuun
ol n ouMrtwl Internal may create,"
lie favored tbe Incorporation of a na
tional bank with power to issue bills
and notes payable on demand in gold
and silver, but be expressed uimsoll
utterly opposed to paper omissions by
tho I niled Slatos, characterizing them
as so liable to abuse and even so cer
tain of being abused that the Govorn
mont ought nover to trust itsolf with
tho use ol so seducing and dangerous
an demon t. Opposed as bo was to
papor emissions by tbe b into J hiatus,
undor any circumslancos, it is past be
lief that be could ever have concurred
in the proposition to make suoh emiss
ions a tender in payment of debts,
either as a member ot tho convention
which framod tbe Constitution or us
the bead of the Treasury Department.
HISTORY OF TREASURY NOTES.
Treasury notes, howevor, have been
repeatedly authorised by Congress,
nM.M-ta AL. Hvl OO.k
Juno, 1812, but it was nover supposed
before the time when tbo several nets
in question wero passed that Congress
could make Buch notes a legal tondcr
in payment of debts. Such notes, it
was enacted, should be received in pay
mont for public lands sold, by tho
Fedoral authority. Provision was also
made in most or all of the acts that
tho Secretary of the Treasury , with
tho approbation of tho President,
might cause Treasury notes to be is
sued, at the par value thereof, in pay
ment of services, ot supplies, or of
debts for which the United States were
or Alight bo answornblo by law, to
surh person or porrfons as should bo
willing to accept thesame in payment ;
bnt it nover occurred to tho legislators
ot that day that such notes could be
mado a legal tendor in discharge of
such indebtedness, or that the public
creditor could be compelled to accept
tbem in pay mont of his just demands.
Financial embarrassmonts, second
only in their disastrous conscqtiencos
to thoso which preceded the adoption
of tho Constitution, aroso towards the
clofto of tbo last war (1812) with
Groat Britain, and it is a matter of
history that thoso embarrassments
were too great and provading to be
overcome by tbo use ol Treasury notes
or any othor papor emissions without
a specio basis. Expedients of various
kinds were suggested but never oc
curred either to tho Executive or to
Congress that a romody could be found
by making Treasury notes, and then
authorised, a legal tender, and tho ro
sult was that tbe second bank of the
United States was incorporated. Paper
currency, it may be said, was author
ized by that act, which is undoubtedly
truo ; and it is also true that tho bills
or notes of the bank were mado re
ceivable in all payments to the United
States 'if the same were at the time
payable on demand, but tho act pro
vided that tbo corporation should not
ref use under a heavy penally tbe pay
ment in gold and silver of any of its
notes, bills or obligations nor of any
moneys receivod upon deposit in tbe
bank or in any of its offices ot dis
count and deposit.
Sorious attempt is made, strange to
aey, ae I'ortiiy tl. poffiei... eL... el i
acts in question are constitutional from
the fact that Congress, in providing
for the ose of Treasury notos and
in granting tbe charters to mo
respective national banks, made tbe
notos and bills receivable in payment
of duties and taxes, but the answer to
the suggestion is so obvious that it is
baldly necessary to pause to suggest
its refutation, Creditors may exact
gold and silvor or they may waive the
right to rcquiro such money and ac
cept credit currency, or commodities
other than gold and silver, and tho
Unitod Stales as creditors, or In the
exoroiscs of tboir express powor to lay
and oollect taxes, duties, import and
excises may, if tbey see fit, accept tlie
Treasury notes or bank bills in such
payments as substitutes for the con
stitutional currency. Further discus
sion of the proposition is unnecessary,
as it is plainly destitute of any merit
whatever. Resort was also bad to
Treasury notes in the revulsion of
1837 snd during tbo war with Mexico,
and also in the great rovulsion of 1857,
but the new theory that Congress
could make Treasury notos a legal
tvndor was not oven suggested even
by tbe President or by any member ot
Congress.
WAHHINOTON REJECTED PAPER MONEY.
Seventy years aro included in this
review, oven if tbe computation is only
carried back to the passago ot the act
establishing tho mint, and it is clear
that there is no truco ol any act, ex
ecutive or legislative, within that
noriod which affords the slightest sup
port to the now constitutional theory
that Congress can by law constitute
paper emissions a tender in payment
of debt. Even Washington, the futher
of our country, refused to accept paper
monoy in payment of debts contracted
before the War of Independence, and
the prool 18 lull to luopoint mat Ham
ilton, as well as JelTorHon and Madison,
was oppoaod to paper emissions by the
nationul authority. ,
THE FATHERS . INTENDED TO Ur.rillVR
CONIIRESS OF THE POWER TO MAKE
PAPER MONEY.
Power, as before remarkod, was
vested in the Congress under the Con
federation to borrow money ana emu
bills of credit, and history shows that
the power to emit such bills bad been
exercised before tho Convention which
framed the Constitution assembled, to
an amount exceeding tJ5n,UII0,U0ll.
Still tbe draft of the Constitution, as
renortod. contained the words "and
emit bills," appended to tbe clauso au
thoriaing Congress to Borrow monoy.
When that clause was reached, says
r, Martin, a motion was mado to
strike out the word "to emit bills of
oiedit;"ani his account of what fol
lowed afford tbe most persuasive and
convincing evidence that tbe conven
tion, and nearly every mcmocr oi it,
intendod to put aa end to the exercise
of such powor. Against tne motion
he aavs. wo urged that it would do im
proper to deprive tlie Congress of that
powor; that it would bo a novelty un
precedented to establish a government
which should not have ebon authority ;
that it was impossible to look forward
into futurity so far as to decide that
events that might not happen would
render the exercise ol such powor
absolutely necessary, Ac. Hut a ta
ioritv of. the convention, ho said, do
ing wise beyond every evoni, anu Doing
willlug-to risk any political ovil rather
than admit the idea of a paper emis
sion in any posniblo oaso, refused to
trust tba authority to a government
on which they were lavishing the most
unlimited powers ot taxation and to
the mercy of whom tbey wore-willing
blindly to trust tho liberty and proper
tv of tho oitiaens of every Stale in
the Union, and they erased that
clause from the system." More foni
ble viodicalHin of the action of tlie
convention could hardly be mado than
is expressed in the language of tbe
fVeffroiiJi, aud tb authority ot Judge
Story warrants the Itatemeut that the
lunguago thero employed is "justified
by almost ovory cotcmporary writer,"
beyond tho influence of every attempt
at contradiction, lluving adverted to
thoso fuels the comuiontutor procoetls
to say that " tne same reasons which
show tho necessity ot denying to tho
states the power ol regulating coin
prove with equal force that they ought
not to bo at liberty to subntitulo a pa
per medium instead of coin."
Emissions of the kind wero not de
clared by tho Continental Congress to
bo a legal tendor, but Congress passed
a resolution docluriag that thoy ought
to be a tender in payment of all pri
vato and publio debts, and that a re
fusal to receive the tender ought to bo
an extinguishment ot the dobt, and
recommend the Stales to pass such
laws. They even went further and
declared that whoever should refuse to
rucoive tho patiui an .ia .n,l allver
should bo doomed an enemy to the
publio liberty ; but our commentator
suys that theso meiuures of violcnco
and terror, so lur Iron aiding the cir
culation of the paper, led on to still
furthor depreciation. Now omissions
followod and now meaiures wore adopt
od to give the paporcrodil by pledging
tbo publio faith for its redemption.
r.llort lollowod ellort in that direction
until tho idea of redemption at par
wob abandoned. Forty for ono was
offered and tho Statos woro required
to report the bills nnder that regula
tion, but tow of the old bills wero ever
reported, and of course lew only ot
the contemplated new notes wore
issued, and tuo bills in a brief period
ceased to circulato and in tho course
of that year quietly died in the hands
of tboir possessors.
Bills of credit were made a tender
by tho States, but all Hiicb, as well as
those issued by tho Congress, woro
dead in tho hands of thoir possessors
beioro tho convention assembled to
frame tho Constitution.
Intelligent and impartial beliuf in
the theory that such men, so instruct
ed, in framing a government for their
posterity as well as for them
selves, would deliberately vest such a
powor. either in Congress or tho States,
as a part of their perpetual system, can
never in my judgment, be secuied in
the face ot tlie recorded evidences to
tho contrary which tho political and
judicial history of oar country affords.
niicn evidence, so persuasivo and con
vincing as it is, must ultimately bring
all to tbe conclusion that noilber the
Congress nor tho Statos can make
anything but gold or Bilvcr coin a ten
der in payment of debts. Exclusive
power to coin money is certainly vest
ed in Congress, but "no amount of
reasoning can show that executing a
promissory note and ordering it to bo
tuken in payment of public and pri
vato debts is a species of coining
money.
CONGRESS MAY BORROW MONEY WITn
TREASURY NOTES.
Authority, it is conceded, exists in
Congress to pass laws providing for
the ijsuo of Treasury notes, based on
vLaa, Baaalafhnit vBBaa A ! A , eta W, lftat eeujw esBTIfl
propor means for fulfilling tho ond ot
tbo express powor to borrow money ;
nor can it be doubted at this day that
sucb notos when issued by tho propor
authority may lawfully circulate as
credit currency that tbey may in that
conventional character be lawfully cm
ployed, it tho act authorising tboir
issuo so provides, to pay duties, taxes
rtnd all tho publio exactions required
to bo paid into tho National Treasury.
Public creditors may also be paid in
such currency by thoir consonl, and
they may be usod in all other cases
where tho payment in such notes com
ports with the terms Of the contract.
Established usage founded upon the
practice ot the Oovornmont, ollen re
peated, has sanctioned theso rules,
ntil it may now bo said that thoy aro
not open to controversy ; but the
question in tho cases before tho court
is whether tho Congress may declare
sucb notos to be lawful money, make
them a legal tendor and impart to sucb
currency tlie quality ot being a
standard of value, and compel credi
tors to accept tho payment ot their
debts in such a currency as tho equiva
lent of tho monoy recognised and es
tablished by the Constitution as the
standard of value by which the value
of all other commodities is to bo meas
ured, Financial measures of various
kinds tor borrowing money to supply
tlio wants ot the Treasury boyond the
receipt! from taxation and tho sales of;
tho puplio lands nave been anopioa uy
tho Government since the United
Slatos became an independent nation.
Subscriptions for a loan of tl2,0llll,000
were on tlio 4th oi August, inw, hi
reclod to bo opened nt the Treasury,
to bo mado payable In certificates is-
sued for the debt, according to their
specio vuluo. .Measures ol tlio kind
wero repeated in rapid succession for
sovcrnl yoars, and laws providing for
loans in one lorm or another appeared
to have been tho preferred mode of
borrowing, until the 30th of June,
1H12, when tho hrst net was passed
to autliorizo the issuo ot treasury
notes. Loans bad been previously
authorized in repeated instances, as
will bo soon by tho lollowing reiercnces,
to which many moro might bo added.
Earnest opposition was made to mo
uossol'o of tbo first act of Congress
authorizing tho issue of Treasury notes,
but tho measure prevailed, and it may
be remarked that tho voto on the oc
casion was ovor alter regarded us hav
ing settled tho question as to tho con
stitiitionality of such act. Kivo mil
lions of dollars wore directed to bo is
sued by that act, and tho Secretary of
the Treasury, wild tho approbation oi
th President, was empowered to cause
such portion of tho notes as ho might
deem expedient to bo issued at par ' to
such public creditors or omcr persons
as may t hooso to rcccivo such notes in
paymont," it ncvor having occurred to
any one that even a public creditor
could bo compelled to roceivo sucb
notes in payment oxcept by his own
coneont. Twenty other issues ol sucn
notoB woro authorized by Congress in
tho courso of tho fliliy years next alter
the passago of the acts making such
notos a logal tendor, and evory ono of
such prior acts, being twenty in all,
contains, either in express words or
bv necessary Implication, as equally
decisive negation to the now constitu
tional tlinorv that Uontrross con rnsno
piper emissions either a standard of
value or legal tender.
TRIASURT NOT l CAN NOT 11 K MAPELKOAL
I TENBIR.
Superadded to tho conceded Isot lliat
the Constitution contains no express
words to support such a thoorv, this
long and unbroken nango that Treas
ury notos .ball not bo constituted a
standard of value nor be made a ton
der in navment of debts is entitled to
Lgreut weight, and whon taken in con
nection with tne persuasivo ami con
vincing ovidenco derived from the
published proceedings ot tbo conven
tion, that tbe framers of tbe Constitu
tion never intended to grant any such
powor, and from the recorded senti
ments of tlio groat men whoso argu
ments in favor of tlio reported druft
procured its ratification, and supported
us that view is by tho repeated decis
ions ot this Court, and by tho inlullia
blo rule of interpretation that the lan
guage ot ono express powor shall not
bo so expanded as to nullify tbo force
and effect of anotbor express powor in
tho same instrument, it seems to mo
that it ought to bo deemed final and
conclusive that Congress cannot con
stitute such notes, or any other paper
omissions, a constitutional standard of
value, or mako them a legal tendor in
payment of debt, especially as it cov
ers tho period of two foreign wars,
the creation of tho second national
bank, and the greatest financial revul
sions through which our country has
ovor passed.
JOHN CHAM PES iif.S'A'i TION.
Tho outburst of popular indignation
wbon it was announced tbat a monu
ment was to bo put up on American
soil to tho spy who plotted with Bene
dict Arnold tho capture of (leorgo
Washington, and tho popular responso
to thesuggestionof a monumont to tbo
heroic Nalban 11 ulo, prove that the fires
ol patriotism still burn brightly in Ame
rican hearts. May they nover bo
quenched.
But my purpose in this letter was to
recall a romantic episode of tho Andre
Arnold affair, which somo of tlio Sun's
rcadors may hvo forgotten, and with
it ono of tho noblest figures of tho rev
olutionary opoch a man w ho risked
his life as bravely for his country as
did Halo himself Sergeant John
Champo, ot tbo Virginia Light llorso
Cavalry.
All Americans know how anxious
Washington was to capture Benedict
Arnold. But all do not know of the
weightiest reasons for this anxiety. If
Arnold hnd fallen, who could bo trust
ed ? Who could tell how lur tho treas
on had sapped its way unsuspected ?
Slrango rumors wero in tho uir about
other ollicers high in rank, one of whom
enjoyed in an eminent degree tho con
fidence and ostcom of Washington. On
his arrival at the camp ho sent for Ma
jor Henry Leo, tbo father of tho lulo
Hubert E. J.eo, unbosomed bimsell
fully to him, and asked it among tho
bold Virginia spirits under hiB com
mand there w as ono who would bo will
ing to risk lite, liberty and honor on a
despcrato slake lor the good of his
country. Leo replied that ho had such
a man in his legion, a nativo of bis own
county of Loudoun, John Champe, his
Sergeant Major, who, although but
twenty four ycarsold, possossod a cour
age equal to any danger. His only
doubt was whether Champo would ac
cept any service on which the shadow
of dishonor rested. Washington gave
minute and accurate instructions to
Major Loo, who repaired to his camp
and sent for Champe. llo was a hand
some, finely-proportioned young man,
of gravo countenance, wilu deep Bet
black eves. When the schemo was un-
I011JCU to Cnuitipu liv .blank Tiuiii ll
idea of desertion. He declared bis life
was at tho servico of Washington, but
that his honor was his own. Leo, as
a last inducement, pronounced the
name of the suspected General whoso
chnroajtor Washington was anxious to
clear. Champo started, declurcd that
tbe army held no man more loyal, nnd
yielded.
llo hastened to make his prepara
tions, lie knew that his first danger
was from the pursuit of his own com
rades, rondored 'doubly watchful and
suspicious by tho crime of Arnold.
Major Lee was sitting in his tent when
it was reported to bim that a dragoon
bad boon seen to leave tho camp, w ho,
when challenged by tho sentry, put
spurs to his horse and escaped. Anxious
to give his Sergeant every possible op
portunity, Lioe tarsi Bttectod to misunder
stand, and next to doubt tho correct
ness ot the report. It was undoubted
ly, ho said, somo countryman. It was
impossible any member of tlio Virginia
legion could bo guilty of such an net,
The omeor making tho report was
soniowbat indignant, ond replied that
the deserter was believed to bo no less
a person than tho Sergeant Major, as
his borso and armB were missing, a
pursuing party was soon equipped.
Afler inspecting them, Leo suddenly
remembered that ho bad other duly for
the Lieutenant in command, and sent
for Cornet Middloton to tttko his place.
llo did this partly to ereuto a delay,
lartly Iroin a knowleugo ol aiiunicion s
tindlv disposition. His instructions'
were to bring tbo man nlivo to camp,
lliat ho mighl sillier, if guilty, in the
presonco 01 me army, oui to kiii nun u
bo resisted. It was midnight, and tho
rain fell in torrents. Just ut daybreak,
from an eminence Bomo miles from Ber
gen, near the ' Throe Pigeons," a tav
ern kept at tho present da-, tbo dra
goons descried Champo about hull a
mile in advance tie put spurs 10 ins
horse, and mado for tbo village of Ber
gen, determined tosoek refuge on hoard
olio ol the two British galleys, which
usualiy luy in Newark Bay, a mile or
two distant. Presently he heard the
pursuers again at bis heols. But a low
hundred yards separated them. A long
marsh and deep waters lay between
him and safety. Ho sprang horn his
horso and plunged into tho morass.
His pursuers camo up and dismounted
also. Struggling through tlio mud and
slime, with his drawn sword held above
his head, Champe reached tbo river's
brink, plunged in and swam toward
tho galleys. His cloak and scabbard
had been thrown away, but for a time
be still grasped his trusty blade. This
slipped from bis hand ami was lost.
Tliescjnohnd boon wiitehcd with grout
interest and rightly interpreted by
thoso on board tho galleys. Firo was
opened on the dragoons, somo of whom
woro preparing lo follow Champo in
the water, while a light boat quickly
picked up tho fugitive.
Champo was kindly received on board
the British galley and sent lit onco lo
Sew York. Alter tho usual interro
gations by Iho Adjutant General bo
was taken ncloro nir licnry iiininii,
who put gold in bis hand anil sent bim
lo Arnold. Champo found Arnold
quariod In an elegant privato mansion,
surrounded by tho luxury which wits
so dear to bim. Tbo truitor regarded
bis visitor with a keen, inquisitorial
look. Tho Virginia cavalry had born
such a high reputation lor fidelity that
he-could scarcely boliovo ono ol thorn
stood before him in tho character of a
dcBcrlor. But a ho read tho U tter
from tho commander of tlitt galley,
who had witnessed tho escape, his
doubts vanished. Ho congratulated
Champo. promised bim Iho same posi
tion in hia legion that he had held in
the patriot army, and assigned him
quarters near himaell. somo days ial
er. bv tho hands of another spy, Major
Lce receivod a letter in ci, her, ol suits iiibj-compensate for its immediate
which this was the important part. evils; hut war wantonly undertaken,
"1 am able confidently to aasnre you fr Mf interest, ambition, or wounded
that the suspicions excited by Arnold prido, is evil, only evil, and tbat con
are falso ao blmsolf. Not one of our tioiinlly. A'iMrjreow.
officer is supposed by the Britir-h to
bo otberwiso than inimical to their
cause. Only ono has fallen ono son
of perdition. To havo tbe pleasure of
doing this justice to fidelity balance,
tho evils of my situation. I was yes
terday compelled to a most afllictiug
step, but ono Indispensable lo tho com
pletion of my plan. It was necessary
for mo lo accept a commission in tho
traitor's legiou that 1 might baveuniu
terruptod access to his bouse. Thither
he usually returns at midnight, und
previously to retiring walks it short
timo in his garden. Thero 1 am to
scizo and gag bim, and with tho assis
lance of a trusty spy bear him to a bout
which will bo in readiness. In casool
interrogation wo shall say thai wo arc
carving an intoxicated soldier to the
gnurd house . Somo ot the pales from
tbo garden fence are to oe previously
rmivtil IliuL our .ilellL oassuuu ttl Hie
a1 ley may bo facilitated, tin mo night
which tho bonier is commissioned to
appoint, meet mo at Hobokcn with
iweniy oi tno v irgnim euvuuy, mono
bnl bur ol my soul, and there, God
willing, I will deliver to your hand the
troublor of Israel. John C'iia.mi'L."
Lee, on Iho appuintod duy, repaired
to Hobokcn with a party of dragoons,
carrying tbreo led horses, ono of them
tho beautiful Kteed of Champo. Ho
concealed himself with his party in
thick wood. His anxiety may well
bo imagined ns evening drew on, mid
night passed, and morning dawned.
Disappointed and lull OI ap prencnBion,
bo returned with his party to cr nsult
Washington. Several days passed be
fore tho arrival of tlio trusty spy, tiom
horn thev learned that a sudden irlovo-
ment of Arnold, who changed his quar
ters only a few hours before the limo
fixed for tho execution of their planB,
had frustrated them.
Poor Champo was obliged to accom
pany tho traitor to Virginia. At lb
poril of his life ho escaped in North
Carolina, hiding for whole days in the
thickets, and nt length rejoined tbo
army which was in pursuit of Lord
Kawdon. Ho sought Mn or l.eo, who
received him with fraternal emotion,
and introduced him to General Greeno.
Tho veteran treated him with nil tbo
consideration duo to Ids hcioism. Ma
jor Leo, restoring to him bis favorite
horse, sent mm lo ivnsinngion, woo
comforted bim as only a noble mind
could, and gave him an honorable dis
charge, tearing for him tbo vengeance
of tlio enemy should the chances of
war place bun in their pow er.
Champo retired to his home in Lou
doun eotintv. Virginia, where he lived
sovoral yoars, honored and respected.
When our brict war wuu rrunco oc
curred, and Washington was appointed
l.tnutciioiit-Goneral. ho sought out
Champo to confer upon bim a Captain's
commission, but tno bravo ocrgcani
had gono to answer at a higher muster
roll. A7. V. .Sim.
HINTS FOR THE HOUSEHOLD.
Mrs R. V O.Ly in "Hints to Young
Housekeepers ' in fxrwuei ' ior reutu-
ary, makes tho following suggestion on
sorving dinner :
'J ho tablo should bo carefully Intel,
folds of the tablecloth in lino, two large
napkins placed at tho bead and foot of
the table, Iho glass Clear, me silver pol
ished, tho siilt-ccllcrs filled with fresh
silted salt. (A litllo stamp upon tho
salt improves tho appearance.) When
tho plates aro una, two lorassiiouiti uo
put on tho left bond, a knile and a
soup spoon on tho right, largo spoons
crossed at eacn snii-reuur, una run
spoons on tho top; tumblers and wino
glasscB on tbo right band at each plate,
a napkin folded with a piece of stale
bread within its folds, tbo soup-plittes
placed in the plate ut tho head of table,
and the napkin in tho upper one. Sotip
Indle, gravy-spoon, and carving knile
and fork go before the mistress; fish
trowel (if there is fish for dinner),
gravy spoon, and carving knil'o and
lork bctot-0 tbo master; if thero is no
soup, no ladlo; if no fish, no trowel;
if bnt ono dish of meat, hiit'one carving
knilo and fork. If you havo ncillior
fruit nor flowers, a bowl wilh bitsol ico
makes a pretty center.
Tbo sido-tablu should ho laid wilh a
while cloth, tbo silver, plates, finger
bowls, that will bo needed during din
ner, 'arranged tastefully upon it; the
castors, a pal of buttur with ice upon
it, an1 one or two spare napkins, milk
ing it a pretty object.
When the soup is on tho table, lot
tho waitress cotno quietly and say,
"Dinner is served." A good waitress
makes no noise. Sbo will stand nt tlio
dining room door till the Inmily has
passed in, and then dike her place by
tier mistress to hand tho soup. When
tbo soup courso Is ovor, tho waitress
takes off tho plates, ono in each hand,
and takes thein to tho pantry or to a
tray outside tho door. 1 ormit no p,l-
iriv of plates us they are taken trom
the table, nor allow the soiled plates lo
ho placed on tho side-table. As the
soup is removed, hot plates should be
ready lor fish or meat, and as iho wait
ress places Iho hot plate botoro the
dinner, she removes the cold plate to
tbo side-table. Fish should bo served
nlono no vegetables. Salnd is the
only thing allowed wilh fish. If fish
bo 'broild, a lemon, cut in quarters,
should be blinded, to be squeezed upon
the fish, unless fish sail co is preferred.
Wilh salmon, thinly cut slices of cu
cumber, dressed wilh popper, salt nnd
vinegar, should be served. Before the
fish is removed, tlio fish trowel and
spoon should ho taken off on trny or
plato ; before tho meat is removed, the
curving knife and fork and grsvy-spoon
should ho carefully token on a pluto or
tray. Alter tho meat nnd plates nro
lemoved, tho unused silver should ho
taken off, then tho salt cellars. Tho
table being cleared, the crumbs should
be taken off with a crumb-knife or
wilh a napkin upon a pluto then the
spread napkins should bo tuken nil by
tbo four corners.
Place upon the taldo the ib ssert
plates and spoons and forks if for pud
ding or sweets of any kind ; If for fruit.
a pluto wilh a colored doily, a finger
bowl, and a silver knifo and fork. If'
cofl'eo is served, it should be placed on
a tray, with coffee cups and Biigur, at
tho head ot tbo table. I ho old lusnion
of a pollslled nnd bare table for fruit is
gene oui, exeppi -wnero an viuiiornto
loblo and men-servants are kept.
M'-. 1,, mt iI.m rlne-il in man
i .1.'- i-..n:.i. i...:.. .i,i.;., i.,.
WBKCB till II1U UCIIISII H",IIWll n , ulo
faMn nature, and binds his bolU)r""'u " gooci ta.tu, scusu 01 iair ,
r,,.,,l l,.n,l .ml f,,f Its mil mi., I !'l,,v "r -'M'd sense ol the liciuibln ausi
Kcr is tx)rl milieus Vk hi,!; ifllino It Is an indication ol their j
borhorism, and retard the growth of ! "'-"rdlnalion to ii.fltient es thai : must I
cvervlhiui good and holy. When un- j bo urrestod, at the cost of driest nt I
dcrtaken from a dire necessity, as the t l-arty, if necessary. The main oh- j
last resources of an oppressed people,
it mav bcromo heroic, and its alter ro-
ROYALTY AT NIAGARA.
THE PRINCESS LOUISE CHEERS THE STARS
, AND SIBM'KS.
Tho visit of the Marquis of Lome
and tho Princes Louise to Niagara
Falls to huo tho wonderful ico forma
tions has ultrnctcd an unwonted num
ber of visitors from Toronto and Hum
ilton and also from Buffalo. Two cov
ered sleighs brought expressly from
Buffalo were provided by Mr. Isaacs
this morning and tho party at onoe
crossed over the river by the new sus
pension bridge, tlio Princess thus pity
ing her first visit to the soil of the
United Stutos. Tho feat of crossing
tho frontier was very quietly accom
plished, though quite a crowd of peo
ple witnessed it. When her royal high.
ncss passed for thollrst timo under the
.Uir. and uriuu.wbicU wero lluatinir
enthusiastic and actually cheered tho
emblem. The party proceeded up Falls
street to Buffalo and down Buffalo to
tho village of Niagara Fulls,oiid tlienco
into full view of tho Niagara river.
From there they went to Goat Island.
At tho stair-way of Luna Island the
vico-regal party ulighted and descended
tbo icy steps. The steps were quite
slippery, but tho whole party were
provided with stout walking sticks
und snccocdcd very nicely in getting to
tho foot. On returning tho Princess
slipped, and but lor the prompt assis
tance rendered by his Excellency she
would have fallen. Again entering the
sleighs tho party went fo Horseshoe
Falls. Hero creepers wero placed upon
tbo heels of the ladies of tlio party,
and tbey descended to tho cataract.
None of the party spoke lor somo timo.
Tho Princess was the first to speak.
Siio exclaimed, enthusiastically :
'Oh I isn't it just glorious I"
Next they visited tbo Three Sister
Islands and from there tbey went to
Prospect Park. Quito a throng were
gathered here but wero not intrusive.
Tho grounds wero placed at tho dis
posal of tho parly, 1 1 in Excellency re
turning thanks to tho Superintendent,
who is a German, in that lunguage.
At tho inclined plane all took scuts for
a descent, but tho Princess, jumping1 is needless lor us to montion in detail
out, declared sbo would walk. Several 1 matter comprising this book. Suflico
persons informed her it was slippery, j il to say that besides a full report of
but sbo said, "1 don't mind that. 1 tho work of tho Institute, il contains a
am a good walker," and onward she Directory of all tho teachers and direc
went to the foot. Tho lion. Diehard , tors who attended tho Institute This
Morton gallantly stepped to her side contains tho name, pcstotllco address,
as she started downward and accom- kind of certilieato, time allowed by di
patiicd hor to tho bottom. Tho parly) rectors, etc., ot all teachers in attend
then went upon tho mountain of icojanco. Two pages aro devoted to of
and across the ico bridge to tho Cairn-1 licial announcements of County Super
dian side. They then proceeded to intcndeiit. Each teacher is entitled to
the hotel and in tho afternoon drove I ono copy free. Additional copies will
to the boiling springs. Tbe party will j bo sent to any ono on receipt of 12 els.
remain here until tbe 24lh. The Mar- Thoso wishing extra copies should
quis of I. oino was to-day interviewed mako application at once. Lcttors
jy a
JIO
' a reporter and expressed a tuvora
opinion of Governor Robinson's
plan of an international park.
SELECTING HUSHANDS.
It has been profoundly remarked.
,l.t tUa Ima u-uy ot tolling louutjtool
trom a mushroom is to cat it. If you
die it was a toadstool, if you livo, it
was a mushroom. A similiar method
iH employed in the selection ot hus
bands ; marry bim, if he kills you be
was a bud husband ; if ho makes you
happy ho is a good ono. There is re
ally noothorcriterion. AsDr.Samnel
Johnson remarked, the proof of the
pudding is in the eating thereof. Somo
young men thut scorn unexceptionable,
indeed, very desirable, when they are
single, are perfectly horrid as soon as
tbey get marriod. All tho latent brute
there is in the heart comes out as soon
as a Bcnsilivo and dolicitto buing socks
her happiness in his companionship.
The honeymoon lasts a very short timo,
the receptions and the round of parties
aro soon over, and then tho two sit
down to mako homo happy. If she
has married a society man, ho will soon
begin to get hmcd ; ho will yawn and
go to sleep on tho sofa. Then ho will
tako his but and go down to the club
and see the boys, and porhaps not come
homo till morning. Il she has married
a man engrossed in business, he will bo
fugged out when ho comes home. He
may be a sickly man that she must
nnrso, and .a morose man that alio mnst
seek to cheer, a drunken man tbat she
must sit up for, a violent man that sbo
fears, a fool whom she soon learns to
despise, a vulgar man fur whom she
must apologize in short, there arocnnl1iroacn, Bmi tho wholo work ot
thousands ol ways or being bad , inching is thus rendered dull, tncchan
bnsbnnds, and very few ways of bo it.a an(j t00 0f,on fruitless. And not
ing good outs. . And tho worst of ; only Lavo wo included in our coursos
it is that tho poor, silly women arc npt,0f Htudy much that might well bo omit
u ndmiro in single men the very trails u,ji i,nt wo ilftT0 orujttcd much that
tbat make had husbands, and look with ' 011g,i t0 bo included. Littlo children
contempt or ridicule upon thoso quiet ftl.u kccn observers. They fairly revel
virtues which muko home happy. Men ; ,),0 VOTi of nature, but our schools,
with very little personal beauty orslylo for tl0 m0st part, deny them lessons
olton make Ibn wife hnnnv and some- .1.:...,. ...i.nlu ..lu..ta n,i,.nrtlu
limcH q,litc , nKe ;ho number
r . of Ui , ,)ad ml,,lr,d ,
most, as great as tho numher ol being Bl.h0 ought lo be a powerful agency
ugly. No ouo cau tell from tho do- j jn tbo work of preparing its pupils to
meaner of a single men what sort of a f snor-ccd in life, and yet tho practical ap
lnisbund ho will lie. Meantime she j ,,i,,,ition of the bruncbos taught is (re
must marry somebody. Eat it ; if you quu1ltiy overlooked, aud drawing, tho
die it was, a sort of toadstool, it you i handmaid of so many industries, ro
livo it was a sortol mushroom A'tcrui ..,.;,,.,. littlo attention. Tbo theory of
,-viriov,fi, lnuumore.
lit rrr.nii.v Breakfast Caps The
innnmoruhlu trilles, says a correspon
dent of tho Si. Lo'iis I'ust aud llisnatch,
with w hich an ingenious woman handy
wilh the needle constantly varies and:
frcshen hor toilet by contriving and;,,.,. i)M Cnnslilittion and laws, tho
turning one arli. lo into several differ-
onl uses will maintain a peculiar charm
of dress which her lcs gifted sister can
never purciiuse. i ne natural uisio unit. 1 110 ja physically, intellectually, moral
can on the spur of the moment turn all,. wmt ho is in his relations to his
hteo scBilc into a cascade head dress of,
lace, or out of a pocket handkerchief
make n jaunty tiivitkfal cap, w ill never,
like Flora McFliimov, have nothing
to wenr. One of the prettiest illustra
tions ut this knack is tho butterfly
brcaktast cup, made by pinning in a
double bow knot one of tho bright bor
dered pocket handkerchiefs now In gen
eral use. Tho two ends of Iho bow, or
long cornel's, aro onrved around the
head toward I be back, ono luop is belli
down to tho centre of tlio torehcad so
os to make a bi,;h coronet front, and
ibo other is turned flutly over the back,
concealing Iho lop oftlie head. A bow
of six or seven long loops, any three
inches deep modo of narrow, bright
, colored sunn nution, joins luo two sides
nn l completes tho caji.
Ths Looan Movement a 11am
TlilNd i.oL'nn'seltctin is nottredit-
.
j ecnnn 10 wgicsny seemeo tu no mat
ho was nn honest man, iinaDprosclia
Ido through lobby influences ; and the:
great influence for Loi-an has been j
thai of Iho old rings, and fon'titrrst of
ihom tbe whisky ring. Cisdi'siiitfil
Commercial,
EDUCATIONAL.
BY M. L. HcQDOWN.
VISITATIONS.
Our visitations during tbo past few
weeks have been rendered lomewbat
difficult on account of the deep snows,
r.rjd thonnusual amount of drill. Not
withstanding the' niuiiy ort,jt;rl? p .
encountered in thin direction, wo havo
been rather successful, with the excep
tions ot seven upsets, ono run off and
breaking down, wo havo escaped. It
is with regret, however, that wo aro
compelled to chroniole tbe almost total
wreck ol some of our schools, bocauBO
of tbe sovere winter tbat set Its iron
heel upon us. Tho work of every
school has bceu moro or less impaired,
wbilo some have been compelled to
suspend operations frfr iftV ,'iidcfiinite
period of tune. Discuso, too, has boon
making alarming encroachments in
some of our districts. Numerous
children havo boon deprived of tho en
tire terra because of diphtheria, whoop
ing congh, or somo other dreaded die
case. That our schools havo suffered
greatly is inanil'ust lo all who mako ob
servations. Yet wo have reason lo be
thankful that our sehopls havo not un
dergono a moro direful scourge. Faith
ful leacboro at tbe mast, unremitting
patrons in tho bomo circle, have in a
measure overcome tbo perils that havo
threatened destruction. And today
light is breaking thednrk cloud and the
bluo sky of health and happiness onco
more heralds the coming ol a bettor
day for our common Bchools.
While visiting In Woodward, wo
were acaoiapanied to all the schools of
that townshin. (oloven in number), by
Mr. TbomM AlaeioWviuui, a member of
no pains in giving us necessary infor
mation, regarding tho educational at
lairs of tlmt township. A splendid
building has been erected at Houtzville
and the school gruded. Tho schools of
Sterling havo also boen graded during
tho present year. Much credit is
due the board of Woodward township
for their enterprise in school affairs.
LOCAL INSTITUTES.
Tho teachers of Huston township
have fixed upon February 7lh and 8th,
as the time for holding their Local
Inslituto at Pcnfleld. Tho manner in
which they havo conducted their dis
trict Institutes is a sure guarantco that
the local will bo full of life and interest.
All the teachers of that section ot tho
county should bo present.
The limo for the lstituto at New
Washington has been fixed npon the
21st and 22d of February. Evory ef
fort on the part of the people of that
town will bo mado to muko tho Insti
tute a pleasant And profitable meeting
for all who may attend. The time for
Osceola has not been fixed as yet.
INSTITUTE PROCEEDINtlS.
We are almost ready to mail tlio pro
ceedings ol the Institute, printed in
neat pamphlet, to all tho teachers and
directors throughout tho county. It
should bo addressed to the County Su
perintendent. PERSONAL MENTION.
Tho Cambria Herald says : "G. W.
Marsdcn was ono of tho principal head
lights at tho Cumbria county teachers'
institute.''
Mrs. Matt. Irwin, of Burnsitle, seems
to excel in teaching Pennsylvania Ge
ography. In one corner ot her school
room is a little mureum, in which aro
specimens of stone, coal, and other min
nerals, representing the contributions
of tho different counties ot the Stnto.
Miss Lizzie Neiman, teacher ot An
sonvillo school, had ono months vaca
tion on account of sickness in her school
and on resuming her work was taken
quito ill herself.
rAUI.TS OF OCR SCHOOLS.
From the Annual Report of the Stale
Superintendent, we copy tbo lollowing
extract.
"For myself, 1 havo long boon con
vinced thut tho matter of instruction
in our elementary schools is not profi
table as it might bo made. A consid
erable portion of the ordinary text
books in geography might be omitted
without loss. Tens ol thousands of chil
dren aro given lessons in arithmctio
every day that they cannot possibly
undcrsttiid, an immense amount of
timo is thrown away in the attempt to
teach the principles of abstract gram
mar in primary schools. In gcnoral,
tn0 (,as0 c,r tlio knowledge imparted in
our schools is not broad enough ; littlo
children aro crammod with abstrac
tions, definitions, formulas and calcu
lations that they cannot bo made to
Lou t:ou,iIie!no,ni0lh0'dry,fl)rii.:
text books. A public
our institutions is that all citizens may
be mado to understand the science and
nrt of government, and, tbcrforo, it is
wise to intrust them with tbo right of
suffrage. But what are wo doing in
our schools to instruct tne young in
.u history and traditions of our cottn-
,.;;til1a ,,,,,1 duties of citizens? Then.
. hack of all, and moro important thnn
j j ti,0 Btu,ly 0i man himself, what
rumiv. neighbors, country, mankind.
nature. God. Would it not bo well lo
have oome lessons on a snbjoel like this
in exchange lor tho details ol the geo
graphy of distant countries that will
soon ho forgotten or for certain balf
underslood abstractions in grammar
and arithmetic ?"
II I STAR EB IN TEAl H1NO.
Il is a mistake to try to teach with
out having good order.
Il is a niiuluko to suppose that chil
dren like to havo their own wny at
school.
It is a mistake to think that order
means purled quiet or stillness.
It is a mistuko to try to startlo a
clns Into being orderly.
It is a mistake lor the tcachor lo try
to tlrown tbo noise of his pupils by
making a greater noiso bimsell.
It is a mistake to call lor tinier in
1, .,. l.nu..,,-... n,,i..,l,. it ......
Ki n ..n i . ...r T..v ... ,.,
bp done
It is a miMako fo ask qneMions fo
pupils in rotation
,o pnpii should ever know who .s
ikely to rrceivc question until It has
ueen H.ru,-..,
- It is a mistake to repeat a queston
for tho sako of thoto who do not hear
it the first timo.
It is a mistako to look fixedly atlho
pupil who is reading or answering.
Canada School Journal