reiuiaas avssv "saBaa, it " ;
OOO INLANDER & LEE.
CLlARKIKLD, PA. , -
BTABLIH ItO III It1. .
TM large Clremtetlau reap PJewapaper
- n North Ceatral Pmqlmli.
1 mi
. to
. IHI
GEO. B. G00DL1NDEB, Pro-
Tamil of Subsoriptlon.
u Letd "" ""rise
pa erteMae wpirMiM J .aoatas..
Eatoi ot AdvertUine.
T.,a,l.nt elrertlMiaeau, per aqaartof 10 Mom or
WI,1U'I " '
Vor eaob aubeeqoeat .aaartloB.... 10
. j-i.i.iraiora' tad biecaU-ra'netloea....... I id
A4diwri'otlo I J
C.elloofend Eitray .,........... 1
(.....l.tlon notleef I 00
pflJJ,.ilinel Carda HBOi ef leei.l year...- jj ADDRESS BKPORETHE LITERARY SOCIETIES
--
PRINCIPLESJIOT MEN.
TEBMSf2 par uurorj in Adranot.
VOL. 52-WHOLE NO. 2.601.
CLEARFIELD, PA., WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 18, 1878.
;.JSEVV 5ERIE0 VOL. 10, NO. 49
LEGISLATION AND PATRON
AGE.
Lull tollcea, per Una .....,
YEARLY ADVKftTIHKMENTB.
...IS 00 I I olmna.,..
...II Ct I i aolama..,
...10 I I eoloma. IM M
O. B. GOODLANDFR,
. N0KL, B. LEI,
PuMlibere.
I eauere..
S tquerol
liqBBrH
of Ihe
Carls.
or ROANOKE COLLEGE, VIRGINIA, BY
M 00 UON. t'LARKBOM M. POTTKK. LI D,
TO 00
Mr. President and Qenttemt
Literary Societies:
Few Americans could, 1 tbink, come
bcre from llie IN or lb, loi tbo first tune,
by the route l bave just pawed over,
without emotion. .
nW. SMITH, - I The history or tbia Stat hao been
a ' no distinguished and evoniful ; bo ban
bad such largo share in tbe foundation,
the triaU,lbe growths, and the triumph
of tbe nation, that no citizen ran well
I J. JjiiuiB( ontor hor territory with indifference.
O t .. . m T.tit llor very name recalls that sovereign
whose reign was one of the grandest
periods alike ol English Ittoratiiro ana
Kmiliih iwiivHt ' Konrv . mil. nL tlui
K. n. nannoxi, hitberii rich in tbe memory of
v. r I . A A A . ' I
ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELORS AT WW, g' St'""
LAW,
SMITH,
AT TO.RNEY-AT-
tblitl rieariel. P.
J. LINGIE, .
ATTORNEY-AT - LAW,
I:1S Phlllprtarg, tr :., r. y.fil
deed. The
CLKARKIKLD,
J.no.ry SO, lira.
PA.
TSI5AEL TEST,
ATTOBNRY AT LAW,
ClesriUld. Pa.
j-OBo. Il tbt Court Bmk U;l.'t7
ENRY BHETH,
(URTKMD P.
JUSTICE OF THE PEACE
PUR RILL YoWBII HIT
May 8( Wt y
M. JL McCULLOUGIL.
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
CLaARKIILD, PA.
Of).1 (ti ll.PPflla butldinf, Second Mrert, op
poill. (ho Court Huon. J:H.'78 if.
iy C. ARNOLD,
LAW A COLLECTION OFFICE,
Cl'KWENPVILLK,
ClMrflold Cuaaur, Pobb'b.
O T. BROCKBANK,
ATTORNKY AT LAW,
- CLBAHFIELD, PA.
OSeo Ib Opera lliiure.
ap 14,17-lj
JAMES MITCHELL,
BBALH IS
Square Timber & Timber Lands,
J.H'IJ Cl.KARFIKI.D, PA.
g V. WILSON,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Office one dnnr eeet of WeaCera Hotel baildiBg.
oppoiile Cuart Buoae.
e4t.i,'77. - OLIARPIKLU, PA.
F
RANK FIELDING,
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW
' Clearneld, Pa.
Will allead to all buliaen enlralted lo ala
piompU; and faltbfgllv. iaal T
J; F. 8NYDF.R,
' : ' ATTORBKY AT LAW,
CLSAPIBLO, PA.
' JaaaM, ISit
route passua by the homo of thai
wise and august man whose rare fur
tune it was logo down to history as tbe
tbe most faultless of heroea-so fur
led that we even love to hear
that be sometimes yielded to a
burst of feeling or an outbreak ot tem
per. It pusmiei fauquiur, llin Dirtu
place of that great iurmt who had suuh
a largo share in nettling tbe nature and
powers ol our .National uovernmeni,
and whose opinions, whether upon eon
stitulional or other legal questions,
have an irresistible logic and power.
It goes near Montpelier, where dwelt
that wise and pure President, who was
one of tbe ablest and most practical
stutesmen of his ago. It winds round
the noble hill where the Nagc ot Monti-
cello patriot, philosopher and slates-
man uispeneea a luvmn uospuaiuy,
in keeping with his warm heart and
liberal ideus.
Washington, Jefferson, Madison and
Marshall ; names second tonono in all
our national history.
Tbunour route goes on to Charlottes
ville, the scene ol some ot the great
efforts ot that wondurful orator, whose
fiery patriotism and marvellous elo
quence have hung a halo around tbe
name of Patrick Henry. It passu
through the grounds ol tbal University
where so many learned anddistinguinb
ed men have been educated, suggcxt
ing by contrast tbe days when Sir
William Berkeley thanked "God that
there was within Virginia neither Iree
schools, nor newspapers, nor printing."
Then it follows down the lair Blue
Ridge, whose extended forests recall
the pioneers of tbe frontier, and nota
bly that far-seeing woodsman (ieorge
Rogers Clarke, "the Hannibal ot the
West." to whose wisdum and energy
and courage we so largely owe the
territory between tbo Ohio and tbo
Gulf of Mexico.
Andsoas we pass ou from tbo homes
of tbe Lees and tbe Masons to the
country ot tbe Kandolphs ana the
Lewises, we come hour by hour upon
some spot famous in history some
name that recalls great deeds. W
Thuir pride, thoir affection, their sense
of their own weakneas,their knowledge
of the powoi ot Great Britain, rll
united to make thuni determine upon
it with reluctance. It was long years
bet i ire the views of those who support,
ed Henry's resolution against taxation
ripened into the opinions Jefferson
enunciated in the Declaration of In
dependence. During that period, -they wenl grad
ually I rum discussion to protest
and from protest to resistance, and
at lust Horn icsistance to revo
lution. Through all these long years
the leading men of the colonies were
necessarily and mtM suriously engaged
in considering tbo principles ot gov.
crnment; what wuro the rights of in
dividuals, what tbe just power of
rulers,nhat tbe duties ol subjects, what
the obligations ot tbe colonies. And,
being compelled to consider these ques
tions under new circemntaneps and un
der conditions without precedent, thoy
were compelled to coiutidur them upon
principle, and to apply principles to
conditions in which they lived. Those
days, too, were in themxelves favora
ble to solid study and sound reflection.
Thoy wuro duys ol patient industry,
of steady bubits, of moderate gains
and simple living. There was then
room and opportunity, as well as oc
casion, tiir doep and earnest thinking.
ISo clicking telegraph gathered its
outline of passing events from all
quarters of the earth to engross men's
interest and attention. No journal,
liristling with headlines of news, full
of items for wonder or cxcilcnont,
with leader rich in editorial comment
and suggestion, cutnu to supply men
daily with ideas and save them the
t rou bio of studying and reflecting for
themselves. In those duys, men had
little of the varied and general knowl
edge of our times, tbo knowledgo of
passing events. Lilo was easy and
simple and natural, neither crowded
nor hurried ; but il was sound and solid
and beurty. Things were '.bun carried
from point to point with too much
difficulty to tnuke what was idle or un
founded, or frivolous, worth the cur
rying.
And so, by much study and much
reflection, the men of llie colonies pre
pared themselves for independence.
After that declaration, came a long and
Intler struggle, throughout which our
Kuthers niainluined the bighcsl reso
lulion unci tbe noblest devotion ; and
this, by the aid of France, resulted at
last in triumphant success Alter those
years of strife in arms, there came yet
other years In which the niluut con
leilerucy kept alive with dilliettlty tbe
ftcb y light of national lilo. During
all these years, the principal jnen ol
these colonies were being educated in
all that went to produce large-minded,
wise, just, and self reliant public lead
ers, so that, when finally they came to
meet ut convention in Philadelphia,
for the purposo of framing tbe Na
tional Uuvurnment under which we
live, put haps no body of men tbul ever
met to frame a government were Del
tur prepared lor the duties before them,
BATIB k. BBBBB.
jobs w. waiaiaT.
WILUAM A. W1LIAOS.
RT r. WALLACB.
WALLACE & KREBS,
(Saxeeiorl to Wallace A PlehUac,)
ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW,
J.eHT Cleartlela, Pa. -
r. O'l. 1CCI. A.A OHASAB.
BUCK GRAHAM.
. AlluKNBVS AT LAW,
CLSARriBLB, VA.
All legal batlBeao proaiptlr aueoded ta. Ofiea
la tirabaai'a Row rooma fvrsierli oocaplod bj
... w. u . .mjm-w. ......
imBa4'anfltliisV r.rffciKaiu"oTMA greater jiurity,
years of civilised combat, ran red with I f '"V 'd w sdom. -
blood. We pass over neias wnani J il ft ' l ,1
rrAt armies have met in the shock of havihir retard to" Inff i,iH9X.S'u'!u-u.V'
battle. We go by towns that were camstances nndcr which thoy built,
the borne of statesmen and jurists, we know. No one can read the do
mn who in the Senate. In the lbrum. bates of that convention, nor those of
ami in the Kxecutive chair, have ttiven the State conventions which followed,
character and direction to tho nation, without feeling how full the time was
Everywhere, our way is rich in the ol wise, able, thoughliul men men
memories and stirring from the events who dealt wilb principle rather than
TBOI. B. HUBBAT.
cTBvi aoBcoa.
jJURRAY A GORDON,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
CLBARV1BLD, PA.
BY0Bee la Ple'l Opera Uoaae, aeeoad loor.
I:M74
roaira B a'BSAbLT. dabibl w. b'cdbpv.
fcEXALLY li McCURDY
that it recalls, nntii we como, aglow
with high thought and great recollec
tions, to this borne of education, plunt
ed amind all these great names and
great at-ene
Surely, il there were any virtue in
the statues and inscriptions witb which
tbe ancients surrounded their youtu,
that, fired by the example of the good
and great who bad gone before them
they might be excited to nobler cnort
you, young gentlemen, growing up
among sucb scenes, living among sunn
with forms, and who considered sub-
slantiul mutters more than matters of
dutail. nor without observing how
notably the most distinguished ol
these men were Virgiuiutis.
Sneukiiiif now to tbe descendant ot
the Viriiiiuuiis ol that day, may a ana
attention to the principles upon which
tbe rut her .minded the Oovernmont,
to tho circumstunces under which they
applied those principles, to tbe changes
in the country wmcu nave since lanon
place, and to tho evils which have
ATTORN EYS-AT-L AW,
' ejlearaotd, ra.
VLorel bailBeoa attended to prompt! wltbj
ndtlity. Offloa oa Haeoad llreet, above tbe Plrat
Natleael Bank. JaB:l:7S
A " G. K'lAMER,
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
. Real EiUle aad Oelleotloa Afeat,
. CLEARFIELD, PA.,
Will promptly attead ta all legal boilBial aa
iniiim to nia eare.
,,..n,.. Inanirml duv bv dav bv these arisen with these changes, that we
recollections you, too, have always may inquiro whether their principle
about you a like incentive lo higher of government afford remedy for
-0ce la Ple'a Opera Hoi
jaal'TI.
efforts and to worthier life
puysical apvantaoe or vihuinia.
1 think a Northern visitor coming
for the first time to Virginia will also
he siiriinsod at how little it rose moles
the South, a a part of which we class all their systems, both of State
Tk. l.,,il,iM lM rtrnrtiintinlta K..fli,rnl nllthorilV. Were basetl.
. ow , .
the luce ol the country, tnu mountain
summit, tbe wooded ranges, tne
charming valleys, tho swift streams,
the bubbling sprinirs here, are all lor
eign to what we aro wont to consider
such evils.
TIIK PRINCIPLES ON W HICH TUEfATHKB
POUNDED OOVERNHENT.
Tho Fathers held three cardinal
principles of government. Upon those
anu
The
first was that government should be
limited against absolute power, i ney
had well learned that " liberty consists
in the limitation of government;"
that " tbe many, thongh strong to ex-
packet begun It journeys up tbo great
livers ol llie interior, man it urew iu
getber within day of eat b other peo
pie belore separateu oy wees, a ma
internal trado was duvtloped, and wilb
il weahb and population increased,
and by these in turn new means of in
lercommumcatiun were esiaoneoeu,
Koads were extended, Turnpike built,
Canals dug, Post Routes multiplied,
Newspapers distributed. Day by day
the people grew richer; step by tep
lb wilderness was overcome; trade
and Intercourse between different parts
increased, and better understanding
greator bomogefleousness among thj)
people of tbe different Slates followed ;
until at last the railway was invented,
drawing together within hours tbe
people whom the steamboat baa only
brought within days ot each other;
and then last, and most centralizing of
all. the telegraph was introduced, put-
ling all part ot tbe lana in instant
oinmuniiatiun witu eacb oiuer.
Now, however due lo these natural
causes, it was not strange that men
should ascrtbo tbe great prosperity
following upon the establishment ot
tbe new government aaoptua.
It is Indeed most true that govern
ment cannotof itself create prosperity,
but il can, and, alas I often does, inter
fere with and prevent it: and ourgov-
erumuut at least permitted tbe freest
possible development ot tbe natural
advantages ot the country. And so
tbo American citizen, brought up to
regard niB union ana tuonsiiiuuoii us
tho sum of human wisdom, and justly
proud of tbo unprecedented growth
and prosperity of bis country, came
more and more to ft serine tnese utuss
ings lo the form ot government under
which be lived, and, who less anu less
thought of the reason for that Consti
tution and the principles it expressed,
contented himself in every country he
visited by crying aloud to all men to
take pattern alter bia model ncpuuiio.
DISCUSSION ABOUT TUB DISTRIBUTION Of
TBI POWER OP GOVERNMENT.
Bovond this, tbo political parties
into which tbo country was early
divided tended further to remove the
original principles of tbe fathers from
notice.
In a groat country where the people
rule, there will be generally two par
tie; one lor having tbe governing
power do much, tbe other lor having
it do little ; one tor having the exercise
of government centralized, the other
for having it localized, une, a party
which would bold up the weak, aid the
feeble and protect the needy; tbe
other a party insisting that, beyond
preserving order and administering
justice, government should iuterlere
with the action ot it citizens as nine
as possible, and that, while tbo general
government should prescribe iboso
rugtilulions wbicb ailecl the wnoie
people, local affairs should be lull to
the people of the localities. From the
dual nature of the government estab
lished by our Father out ot tho onion
of independent Stales, it followed na
turally and inevilamy mat in party
in tbt country in lavor of extending
government would seek a liberal con
struction of tbe Fodoral owera. And
these, indeed, were, and have ever
for their beat object tbe private good property and entailed estate, we have
of their corporators, often only the created corporations that bold vaster
rongful gain of their managers. To estate and aie more powerful than
day, some of those corporations virtu- (any foreign nobility artificial persons
ally rule the State which created wblcn never die, ana wnico, wane
them and exorcise a eonlrolbmr influ- thev continuously exist, having nel-
ence in politics and business over thou- tber conscience nor feeling, are liable
sands of miles of territory. , always to pervert and abuse tbeir
Q. Ik.l !... thn air hrot. nnt . POVHIt
v..,i .i..j i,, .m i.- .ir,i.i W have Civil Service. In wniob
of every on of the great principle
non which the Father founded gov
ernment the , limitation of govern-
ont. tho localization of government,
id the prevention of privileged classes.
invested with suffrage, and this afford
a means bv which adventurers
sought to rule the South, The sys
tem ol reconstruction mat was anopi-
ed gave rise to new questions, and was "a oorrospontnng increase in puo-
followed by great ovils and great " ana piaoe ana patronage ;
any which tbe Fathers have provided
uses, and of necessity, therefore, by
great suffering and great dlouaYtutfne.
lion. It may be hoisjd that, now at
least, those evils hare been checked,
and that the war and its issues are
finally over and belong to tho past,
id that restored once more to nor
al conditions, we mv consider what
are the difficulties and evila which now
confront us, and the remedies which
tbey require.
THE COUNTBY W HAVI NOW TO OOVERN
Yon are about, voting gentlemen, to
... i. it,. ..i,i .ril t.k nnnn iry rank, ana honor ana powi
K . ... Iwilk na Ikie iti HifT.imnf. Wnhlv. nil.
ourselves the duties ana occupations - -
men under a now condition of things.
ou go at a time, too. ben you real
izo tho paramount importance of your
illy as citizens
Rut. to rightly understand what is
now needed, we might clearly realize
how different the present condition of P-'i'ly d'" t'int and men
. .... nt l.,ll.,nj n.alr Uflth mmn kiwnPV fit
of letters) speak with complacency of
rarely or nover voting, and of feeling
no interest in polities, and taking no
part in publio affairs; as it tbe direc
tion of affair could be wisely or safely
left to tbo ignorant or worthless, or to
those who interest themselves in pub
lie affairs only for their own proht.
In tho early days ot tbe Kcpunltc
was indeed
w of the same general character, ey iuav guuu e.ua,... -'Ks
ut their origin, had been different, ul narm ; .m,ow ,)m" "'
r li.avii ntili in m (am mnmlv tn thrtflA
eir habit dissimilar, their views nn- V , , " ,E i ,t
like. Communication between thorn l'"""e j -was
rare and dimc.lt. t.ade paltry ! "'"f? Publ! ffr.!P
nuent. Then a few roads """"" " u'"
eso States is from their condition
hen the Constifition was adopted.
At that timo the thirteen blatoa
bich formed tbil government were
entirely sovereign and separate, t hey
uy stretched along tie Atlantic coasi,
aving behind them a wiiuerntsa witn-
out limit, and in I6rge part unknown.
The
nil
nd inl'rcque
were opened near the coast, along
hich great wains toiled slowly with
goods, while on the more inland ways
radio was carriod on by tho pat k-
orso and the siimntor mule, aien
drilled slowly down Ibe rivers on rults,
or worked the Out boat and the bat-
some discredit. But you may be sure,
young gentlemen, that however it was
formerly, tho condition ot public af
fairs is too gravo, the evils in tbe body
nohtio too threatening, and the neces
sity ol change too imminent, to longer
sustain such neglect.
teau up the currant by the aid of tbe republican government hot A PAIL
il or tbo selling pole, and thus car
ried on tho inland navigation, grown
to over four millions of tons a year.
Then a round of tea or a silk kerchief
was an unusual luxury, and a nrtgnt
lihon was a handsome present. r.ven
efforson, when Secretary of Slate, and
called in haste to meet the Cabinet,
was twenty-eight days of diligent
travel in going from his bom to New existing
J F. McKKNRlCR,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
' ' ' - CLRARrtRLD, PA.
All total hualBMi entraited to bli care sill ra.
eelre tiroaipt alteBtloa,
Ofioe eppoaive Coart Uouie. la Maeoale Bolldlag,
. . eugte,iBiv,
sewed loor.
JOHN L. CUTTLE,
' ATTORNEY AT LAW.
tad Real Hatate Afaav, ClaarBel. Pa,
siftAu7niVr.tarvl they brought here perhaps more
aad aeylag laaae la uiearaeta aaa Bajeiaiag man to any ovnur parv o. luu coin.
eaaUeai aad wilb aaaaparieaoaai afertweaie nen( .because mure suited lor such
a iha nhvaieal features of the South, ecuto. are often blind to perceive.
. . i. r : . r kl;l... i..., k it...;,.
imfiien. ii.o ct main oi y imintu is i nev vi.ere.o.u vamuii.iit
more akin to the climate ot England Stalo and national governments by
tl,n is either ihe climulo of New written constitutions, which were at
Kniland. with its riirorou winters, or once tho source, the measure, ana llie
that ol the Southern Stales, witb tbeir limit of their authority; and by tbo
extreme of heal; and as the colony distribution ot tne power oi govern
was favored w th a productive soil and instil into inucpenaent nc partinoiivs,
other great natural advantages, the
Knghsb came naluruny ana reaany vo
settle bere.
Among these immigrant wore many
leading families, who brought with
tbem to ibocolony constoeraniu wean n
readar aauafaoiioa.
(Pea. HA.tt,
D
R E. M. SCHEURER,
U0IKS0PAIBI0 PUTBICtAN,
Ofloa la reaideaea oa Firet it.
AprU M, U7lr.: - . CVaarleld, Pa.
a. . ' -
TVR..W.;A. MEANS,
fUYSlClAN A 8URGEON,
LVTHKRBUR, PA.' '
Will Attend profoeitoaal Salts proaipliy. eojlOTO
, . ; ,r 1 1
TR TVJ. llOTKHy ; '
fUT8(CUH AWD STJROBOK,
OBea oa Maraat Mraat, OVearllli. Pa. '
-0Soe atari i I to 11 a. ., aad 1 to I p.
JR. J, KAY WRIOLKY,
" bOMUPATBIO PBYItCIAN.
BaP-Oad a4folaa( lb. feoldeaoa ef iaaiea
anatee, Ken., aa Keseaa at., vaearawa, ra.
JalyAI.'ll OT. .
JJR. H. B. VAN VALZAH,
CLBAHPIKLO, PERK' A.
OFFICE IN MASONIC BUILDING
AW OBea kaara-Proai II w I P. M
Hay t, Mil.
and bv various details, they further
provided for the fullest preservation of
such limilaliuiis.
Tbeir second principle was that the
government should bo lo alized, so that
tho men ol tho locality simuiu settle
tor themselves '.ho concerns ol that
localilV.
Their third principle wits that there
habits, the pursuit and amusements ahould b in this country no favored
of the land from which they came governing class, and . they forbade
Hero, a al borne, were largo landed I titles ot primogciilliiro, and the per
proprietors, and a distinct laboring I petualion of great estates.
class; and bere, aa there, grew up a war these Principles tiAVB been
love ol the sports ol tho mm, a lonu-1 , overlooked..
noss for outdoor exorcise, and maiilv . v .Hhnmrh the F.itl,nrbnd come
and vigoroua amusement. Uei, even j tol, ycu o aUfforing and
more than there, independence of opln
ion and liberality ol thought prevailed
at the aame time that decent respect
lor precedent and authority was cher
ished, while higher education and ele
gant cultivation were not neglected.
Ana inns it nsppenea vnav irgi.i.a,
whose House ol Burgesses was the
first legislative chamber in tbo land,
bad como, when the Revolution broke
out. to be far the ricbost, the most de
veloped, and tbe most li.nuenuai oi tuo
colonies.
THE LON0 PREPARATION fOB ELf OOV-
IBNMENT.
r fleelion to a e ear conviction as to
these principles, tho circn instances
which lollowcd nave icnueu v inaitu
their doccmlunts lose sight of them.
The establishment oi tbe now gov
ernment ws followed by a great pros
perity prosperity which, coming
after II. was naturally ascribed to it.
but wbicb would, perhaps, come with
out it. Indeed, Ms. aiilay thought the
sumo prosperity would surely have
como bad the government remained
eolonial. and pointed to R like prosper-
ity in Australia anu oiuer couninee,
whose natural condition were anaiu-
Tk.M.i'dn.ir.narir arar wannnsudlloD gOll tO Ollf.
and accidental movement. Soulier uonainiy ine naiurat ctreumsvauees
waa it caused by any special measure noro wore an .avurao.e vu pn..uj,
...ion 1 1 waa Inoviiahle that. An enurmou territory i a virgin noil,
cparaled a th colonic were by neb In cvoiy desirable produclioa a
1 . j.. i -..i.,k, ina flnnaiA vreat natural oon-
Wiu.U, umi U 1BUUHHUR U. ,1, l,m n., uu. I n
..r Ai.ia.ine from the mnthor country, vcniencos mr uiiorui,......u.iie.i,. ,
Drt
I. P. BURCHFIELD,
raat dilHcullios of coes fur Immi
grant; a i,uroK'ao language, anu
room and welcome for all. Surely, th
new Stale might well have been eX-
r . . ...
pectcd, under any loierauie lorm oi
government, 10 pror-pur.
ltul, long alter ti.e.r eatanitsnnit-ne,
nnlike aa tbey woto to that country
Iheir tittialion, eceafllies and oppor-
vanities, thev could not Be well gov
erned from Great Britain. No matter
how wise the ministry al bom Who
Ute Serfoea of Ike 194 Re(taest, Peaasyleaau directed the colonial government wore,
veiaaiAtM. aeeiaa retaraea iron tae , . u..w irrntf Mw.rt nii.ii.er nn.
e.r bit arohaelaaal ler.lee. M UaelUaaaa Ji.l.in .hat th far- a new mclhnd of COnveyanK Wa in
aioiearleldaeaaiy. MM " . . , ij,fc.i. u,Md. which added wonderfully 10
mm Bi.i.i.iM.i na alealiiil I ou ixiioon., i - 1 , , - . ,
OSo. . aead etreek he-arlparaia4 ay I uniawoidstbl that tbeir government ol these advaiiUgtak Kowner iq lum
Dr.waaa. taaea, - . -,jim -v.oll ia twov In tbe end world wa in siean.i au Vv
" 1 r to nroduce irrcat rosulU at In these
HAERY BNYPEB, It wa tbi oeoe.itr that gradually Stales, with tbeir long line of coast,
barer! AMD BAtlVDEEasER. " " ' .. enlamiL Uld ., -.ightv Inland water. Tbi.
as. tv-n Imm 4.Kir I invaotinn fti ono far ft B0
' AT1RY RlYf)ER.
Bksp aa Martat ., aaaatMa Oaan aleakia.
a eeeaa vewa. wtr ev
I BUaalB at Artlckat IB
I alair.
visions of parlies in this country, ex
oept when some question of present
paramount Interest Da lor a lime
ibrced a apocial issue upon the people
And bo, from tbe beginning, discussion
went on about the respective functions
and scope of the Federal and Slate
authority. Year after yorr, il wa
debated whether particular powers
should be exorcised by tbe Federal and
State government, as lo what wero tbo
limit of the power of the one and the
extent ot the power of the other. But,
during all tbu timo of these discus
sions discussion wbicb went on, not
only in the halls of legislation, and
upon political plaltorms, but in every
country store and around every bar
room tire throughout the land. men
were gradually losing sight, in their
disputes about tbe distribution of tbe
power ot the government, of the
pnnciplea upon which the government
was founded. Instead of realizing that
the right of States wore of no ad
vantage in themselves, except aa tbey
preserved tbe liberty ot Individuals,
and that local government anu umi
tution of power might under new con
dilions be more readily obtained by
direct restraint upon the central au
thority than by tbe strictest construc
tion ot tbe existing Uoi.slilution, il
was deemed so settled that wo bad
the best government the world ever
saw, that doubt of that were not even
Dormiltud to be suggested. Indeed
tho changes which went on In tho con
dilions ol the Country and of society
although rapid, were so gradual that
to one thought corresponding cbsngis
in tho Constitution necessary ; and
there Was. besides, a natural disincli
nation to disturb an instrument ob
tained by compromise, effected witb
so much difficulty.
THB DISPUTE ABOUT SLAVERY,
Meanwhile, by the aid of tho gin,
cotton bad become one of the chief
productions of the cmintry, and Ibe
system if i'or It bad employed bad
reached great dlmonsions. Now ter
ritories had been acquired, whoso ac
nuisiilon the Fathers hd not foreseen,
and for which thi-v made no provision
and when thoso territories tamo to no
solilud, and government bad to be pro
vided for them, tho Introduction ol
slave labnr into thus tcrrltoriet be.
came a subject ol differenoe.
Tbe discussion thai then grew u
tended furihar lo divert men from any
consideration ot tbo original principle
of government, for It wa from Its na
turn a discussion not about what gov
ernment ought to be, bnt at to what,
Irom the nature of the compact be
tween the State, word tho rights ol
the Stale in respect ofth territories.
ml of this domestic institution. i
a discussion of th trae prinuiple
government, but of the true construe
lion ol the agreement oy wntcn v...
unvornmunt wa established. Tbi
question presently took precedence
over all other questions, and, as no
nnmnromise nor settlement ol tne an-
Terence wa arrived at, it finally
brouarbt on a war a great civil war,
which divided our people. During
that war the march of armie set tbi
slave himself free, and out an em
forever to the question, out of wbicb
the war arose.
TBB GROWTH OP A PRIVILEGED CLAM.
Meanwhile a privileged clas bad
gradually grown up within the Statu.
Ifeginning wiva man assoc.aviona, al
lowed in the supposed interest of trade,
1,1 . . 1 IL.J
corporation nan eeen urtnvvuu, anu uau
been permitted, in tbe sam Interest,
to increase and consolidate, until we
had corns to have a class ol privileged
and artificial creature, mora danger
ou than any hereditary aristocracy ;
holding estate vaster than any noble;
bavins; continued existence; without
moral or personal accountability ;
with out oooaoieao and without possi
ble Induoement to puMiO good having
But after tho war, the freeman was Vl0" ov''-
over 100.000 persona hold tbeir places
at the absolute will and disposal ot the
President and so entirely partisan in
its character as to give rise every
where to greviou complaints and gra
ft one of these evil existed, or were
foroseon. in the time of oar Father.
Tbey are the result ot the growth of
tbe country in numbers ana wcaun,
THE DUTY OP THE CITIZEN.
Now government, alway a serious
work, becomes difficult jUBt in propor
tion to tbe number and magnitude
and variety ot tbe interests governed.
In our country, It grows year by year
more important and more embarrass
ing. This great business is, in other
naiions, usually given over to some se
lected or favored class, which is re
warded for attention to it by heredi
tary rank, and honor and power. But
dcrtaken, in this country, to conduct
government for ourselves; and, II it
be not well conducted, we bave no one
lo blamo for it but ourselves. And yet
one often hoars, at least in tbe seel ion
in which I live, worthy men (more
e people of those feeble Slates spoke In ln0 e"rly, 01
eedthe same language. andd te conduct .f government w,
now then are ibese evil, to be met?
To do so, must wo abandon the prin
ciples upon which our Fathers found-
id ibis Government, and bold that,
however good they were for that day
they are are not suited for our time
and condition : or may ws yet find
with
York ; and now one leave New York
at night and rcacbe tnunrtceiio com
fortably lb next morning.
It was for Stttt thn- .wnalr and
in tbeir principle tbe remedy for
ling evils 1 For myself, 1 think
ffiRTdftugid'bubougbllul, with
occupations and habile and tempta
tions wholly unlike thoso ol our goner-
that in a iust adaptation of those prin
ciples to existing condition will be
found tbe required remedies, that II la
n""iea aad idle to look elsewhere for
Every now and tben we bear wor
thy people, alarmed at prevailing evils,
cry out that KepuDlican government
ation, that our fathers sought to es-1 it a failure, and that what we Deed is
tahlish government. And if, in ostab- a despotism, a dictatorship, or aheo-
lishing it, they apprehended ovils
Inch never ansvo, and failed to pro
vide for those which do now exist, it
was because the subsisting evils have
come In with a growth, richer, and
consolidation wholly unprecedented,
and mainly resulting from Inventions
nd melbod ot itlerooinmunicallon
lien unsuspected. So that the pres
ent wealth and ceotralization of tbe
country could not lien have been fi.ro
on, nor provision made against tbe
particular evils which attend tbem.
But now all this s changed. Forty
million of people occupy a vast conti
nent from one ocean to tbo other, rich
everv form of wealth : bound to
gether by great national water ways,
bv a vast system ot internal improve
ments, and by all modern contrivances
for communication, (treat cities, ennr-
luto authority of aomo kind. Sucb
people, it seems to me, gravely mistake
the circumstance and the spirit of the
age. Absolute authority by one man
over a people is a condition which can
exist only in less advanced communi
no than our. In ooun trie in which
tho railway and the telegraph and tbe
newspaper exist, information i too
rapidly disseminated, and combina
tion among the people are too reaili
!y made, to permit tbe assumption ot
any one of absolute authority. All
over the world it will bo seen that,
balevcr tbo nominal form of govern
ment, whether pure autocracy, like
Russia, or a nominal monarchy, like
bngland, the tendency of government
is steadily and uniformly toward pop.
ularizaliou. Everywhere that tbo
modern means of intercommunication
mous wealth, gigantic industries, vast exist, tho penplo are asserting more
combinations, ol both capital and labor.
bave grown up, and tbo luehlo and
struggling colonies of our Fathers'
and more their anthority. For the
English speaking raco, at least, Repub
lican government is not a failure. I
ays have come to be ono of the have no tear, therefore, that tho ostab-
wealthiest and most advatced and lishtnent of any personal despotism
most powerful nations of tho tartb. here is possible. No executive, bow
pbksent DimcULTiE AND RviL op ever bold or however dangerous, can
om.inata, venture unon unnuvuunaeu
But in poor and sparse communities '1
.rnv.1rnn.H11t. it ounv. It I It! TO lie DUl " . . m
rmn nn an I.Und each has room K''r ' "cb dtt"Ker-
and liberty to do as much as ho pleases.
But crowd a thousand people into a
shin, and every ono mint give up some
of his natural right. If be would not
unduly trench upon tbe rights ot the
tubers. And so, with increasing pop
ulation and increasing wealth, tbo dif
ficulties ol government begin; mid
But. whatever may bo thongh t about
this, the truth is, that, undor existing
circumstances, wo need and mutt con
tin no to have popular government, and
relief from oxtstingeviis can onty come
from within, and by tbe action of the
nooi.le. And 1 repeat that, as it eecms
o me, tne remedy ior tnese evns is vo
' . . ' - !. Ii...-,.l ... t .UnnlLni hnt in anv
now. with our unequal aisinntuion m -- . r
nronertv. with the grinding oompeli- " "T . "-!V
lion and th stilling rush that goe on
everywhere, lor lile, for work, and for
wealth, wu begin lo ue nesei witn uu
Acuities from wbicn our Fathers whol
escaped,
What shall be tho relations of gov
eminent to the industries of the ejuun
try; what provision it shsll ntsko lor
education, whal for want; how far ta
bor may b furnished those willing but
seeking a new system ot government
but in a liirlher application to existing
conditions ot the luntiamentai princi
ples upon which the Fathers framed
government.
B APPLICATION OP PRINCIPLE NECE-
I . , . - (-. SAM.
If you oonsider the popular govern
mant of ibis ago. vou will perceive
that il has one essential featuro wbicb
l.l m-mi,l - huv tarlUISI nglllsnes iv IPJI.I luo ,vi,m. K-
Ul.au.o, vu ...,u ,", . - ... . ,; , . ,
government should carry on urem mvni, ... .... .. .
amrka of Internal improvement now is nrmaimi.
far It should exercise control over tho
railways, telegraph and othi great
enmmnn carriers : to what scrutiny it
l.nuld sullied corporation ; what aro
Tho wisdom of applying
in aueh irovernmenU what tr. van
H,.rnn colled -'the aober second tbo'l'
of the people, hu everywhere boen
ruognizcd. no, nearly every niuuoru
.k. .:..i.i. .,r.anital. and what aro tho government i moro or ies a con
:...(.... ,.. -i,., .r. il, Liitntional government based upon a
nuiies o, rp,va,.n-, I-"-., ' ,. h.rM hi.,k -.. lbe
rights ol labor Bnu .uoonng men i ,......."-. -- - - .
these are all questions which, in some action and the powers of the ruler, o
degree at least, w. are likely to bavo lht whether hereditary monarch, or
to meet. We have, besides, anliko our elected Presidents, there bo cortatn
C...I . 1..... I,,r a mnnlrv kllll it II tigs wnicu vin.y may ii
i am,'. w niun-..-.- - J I . . . .7 . ,
toiroiher bv overy form of instant com doubtedly, this liindamentai law can
manication. Men pass now from one bo changed, but with so mucn aimcut
, ... . . ... i..... ..i mnti iv. and attor so much time, that in el-
snore v v..e ..., .::,.,!
. - M.n..a M, h , In llttt Ul fl. Iiwi 11 I swell, e. a vinim.
nei.v w.i.i.i. a -" -"- .. . ... ...
graph keeps every part ol the land in upon me nrsi vmiugnv am. ..."
constant communication with every wish nf the people. .,;.
.. .i.... ..ti.. .nk... Th a truth the Father fully rcalis-
otuer nan. so vuav, i,,witva,ii , - , . , ,
I ." . .7 1: .. -J . ...I inu.rlnl Into thn UllVlim
sines, all trade, ail uiscustiont are car- cu ,
ried on
sent reform could be secured, or bet
ter administration be permanently bad,
unless sucb modifications be made in
the .cope and power of government
as existing condition require.
FURTHER RESTRAINT UPON LEGISLA
TION REQUIRED.
Now. in the great State, it has been
found that abuses and corruption in
legislation aro mainly tbe result ol
private and special law. Legislation
by general law, which affects equally
ail tbe community, rarely anoraa op-
fiortonity for private gain. . But lbe
egitlation which gives to particular
person special privilege or monopo
lies whether It be charter for fornea,
or railway, or bank; whether mo
nopolie to light street, or to carry
passengers, or to land goods ; whether
subsidies to oonstruct works of public
use, or to carry on commerce; or
whether il be legislation which makes
excention lo the general burden and
rule, by tbe relief whisb it afford or
tbe stipend which It pays, or tbo ad
vantage which it give to particular
citizens in short, every form of legis
lation lor the one at ihe expense of the
whole; such legislation proves rich in
every inducement to deception, injus
tice, and evil. And the remedy, and
the only remedy which has proved ef
fectual to prevent tbi i found in se
verely, depriving th Legislature ot
the power to legislate for any citizen
in preference to or at tbe expense ot
lbe wbole. .
1 know it is said that if we would
choose better men to tbe legislative
bodies we would have no corruption ;
but when legislation is special and in
private interest, when its power ex
lends to giving away grants, monopo
lie, lands or other publio properly,
how can we expect good men to be
chosen to the legislative bodies? Tbey
who seek some gift or privilege from
the Mate do not want sucb men there.
They want men who are willing to
lake bribes, or accept contributions, or
receive favors, and vote kindly lor
monopolies, or subsidies, or special re
lief in return. Apd the activity of
those interested in legislative grants
ill always largely influence the seloo
Hon of lbe member ot legislative
bodies whenover there is much to be
gained from tbeir private or apocial
legislation.
It it true that there baa been little
corruption in Congrea a. yet, because
tbere has oeen nine scope ior private
legislation there. Ltitherto tbe legis
lation of Congress has been chiefly
general. Doubtless its power to deter
mine what sball be expended lor puo
lic works and buildings in particular
localities too often controls Represen
tatives, and leads lo evil combinations
and log-rolling. But this influence is
of a quasi publio nature ; so that, ex
cept in grant of public lands, subsidies.
and those provision ot tbe tariff tor
protection so shaped a to give ooun
tie to particular person, Congress has
hitherto had lime opportunity ior ui-
rect corruption.
But vear bv rear the private and
special legislation by Congress incre
aa. There bave been many thousand
nf applications to Contrreaa during the
nnwwnt. aaaatnn alone ior aooii lortu ox
special relief. The very number of
these claim of course prevent any in
telligent consideration nf tbem, and do-
feats alike tbe power ot uongres to do
justice and to discriminate against
iniurtice. ana anoras as wen opporiu
mty as inducement to evil and corrupt
legislation.
Now, as I said, the remedy that has
proved effectual to prevent this great
ana growing causa oi evns, is munu in
further limiting tbe powers of th leg
islaturoa by depriving them of any
rower ot private or special legislation
n most ot the great State amend
mcnts have therefore been added to
tbeir constitutions preventing legisla
lion except by goncral law.
What ia there now to prevent the
establishment of courts to determine
all claim against tbo Govornmeat ex
cept thoso addressed lo it special
grace, and to require a judicial ascer
tainment of the tacts in all case which
are dependent upon special tavor?
And why ahould we not prohibit Con
gress from granting lavor or grace,
Hhor at all, or except according to
some goneral ruler in short, wby
should we not restrict Congress snd all
our State legislatures, aa lbe legisla
tures ot some ol the olatos bave al
ready been restricted, from any legit
lutii.n nnl. frennral ana in
interest ol all vh. paopla ? Just exact
ly as the country becomes greater and
richer, and o ha more to give away
or to be plundered ol ; just aa govern
ment become contraband and patern
al, just so It is the more important that
legislation anouia do rcevrievvu.
Doubtless, much of the special legis
latinn of our dav is not warranted by
the constructions of Federal power that
formerly prevailed, nd to return to
such constructions would tend to pre
vunt those evils. But such construc
tions involve a goneral narrowness ot
Federal power in conflict with th pre
vailing ideas, which to restrain Con
gress by direct amendment from such
legislation will connici witn no ui.vs
views of how the Constitution should
be con tinted
EXECtlTlVl PATRONAGE SHOULD BR RI-
STBICTED AND tJlMINlSBED,
So. too. with the evils that exist In
the civil service. When ihe Govern
ment was established the executive
patronage wa o insignificant that no
provision was maue ir us rugu.uin.ii.
It will be seen by the debates of lbe
first Congress that the farmers of the
Constitution wholly overiooaea iv. iv
Inoreased gradually with the growth
and power oi tne nation, utini vo-oay
it exceeds the patronage of almost any
monarch. Until the telegraph was in
general use, this patronage, although
nominally centered in tne rrmiuem
was. to a certain extent, resincicj an.
localised. The necessities of discipline
w, mred that, in th davsol tardy com
munication by mail, the control of
Federal officials in States remote from
the Capital should be relogatod to some
friend of tbe fcxecuuve mere. auv
now, by the aid of the telegraph, the
President can aa efficiently discipline
a postmaster in Texas as in Maryianu
overbalance this army ol officeholder!
and their follower and effort.
Bv thn uniting all the natronag.
undor on control, we divide thecoun
try into two great parties, whose con
test for tbat control threatens to d.
stroy the government. Whon patron
ago "is localized, lb strife lor il affeclr
only the localities. Men in Uartlbm
or Columbus or Atlanta might contend
overs postmasteship or coilectorsbip;
Out sucb struggle, no matter av uo
many points, nor how bitter, oouln
never disturb th nation, nor do more
than afTuol such localities. But con
tralize all tbe appointment under on.
control and then the people at one.
divide themselves evory lour years in
s strife for tbat control, aa dangorous
as it i demoralizing.
Worthy men tell ut tbat wbat Is
needed to cure these evils is a belter
administration of tbe Executive pat
ronage. To secure this, tbey would
bave competitive examination of appli
cant, and officials selected for fitness
and not for political service, liut bsr
competitive examination, so far as tri
ed, diminished the existing evils ? lias
any President really established a non
partisan civil service 7 nay, nasant
attempt at this been even partially suc
cessful ? Ho ; the cure ot this great
evil lies beyond any administration ol
tbe civil service, it win be found, ana
it will he found only, in limiting the
power of lb Ezecutivo over appoint
ment.
Having contralizcd all the office in
one prize, and divided lbe people into
. . ! I'... . 1. n
two great parties vu struggle w. iun.
- i . . .U... .U. .......
prize, iv is lu.e vo vAjnn:v luni vuw put .j
which winj tbe prize will give it up to.
or will divide it with, il opponent, No
Executive who has been chosen to dis
tribute the offices among bis followers
will be tolerated, who does net so die
tribute them.
Belligerents may agree before the
battle that certuin things sball not tie
spoils of war, and tben the victor will
not so treat them. But no one need
expect tbe victor to abandon to the
vanquished the very tbng contended
for. All our real reform have come.
not from having one party give up to
the other wbat it bas by great effort
just wrested from its opiKjiiont, but by
strife that, in lultire differences, neither
party shall exercise tbe objectionable
power. It is only limitation upon the
tuttiro exercise ot power that is prauli
cable.
Now. why might not tho appoint
ment of many of these officials be lo
calized? And why should not the
tenure of subordinate officials, tbe mere
clerks and tidewaiters, be made, at
least for a fixed lime, dependent upon
good behavior only ?
1 bcre are now over lorty tnousano
postmasters. I be salaries ot most oi
tbem are very small ; and sucb places
are sought by tradsmen anu suopxeep.
era mainly because of tbe custom ob
tained from the pontons who come lo
the post office lor their mans, ui
course, the people of any such locality
can best determine wbat is me most
MfinvanianL nlace for a posloffice. and
what citizen would, on the wbole, best
serve tbem as a postmaster, and tbey
might be sately lett to maxe me selec
tion."
Neither in th army, nor in the na
vv. baa the 1'reaidont any absolute
power of removal ; be can suspend of
ficers from duly, but he cannot remove
them from the service without trial.
Surely, the exigencies of the civil ser
vice ars not greater than those of the
military or naval services.
For myselt, 1 tbink the postmasters,
at least in tbo rural districts, might
well be chosen by the popular vole.
But, if not chosen by tbe peoplo of
their respective district, they might
be safely appointed by the Stato, or
county, or township, or municipal nu
thorities, and this portion of the execu
live patronage be thus happily ended.
So with the vast numbers of clerks,
and copyists, and counters, and other
subordinates. Why should not a poor
woman who write, ora man who meas
ures, be left to bold tbeir office, say,
for four years at least, if they behave
themselves meantime and do their work
woll ? Why need ihoy wake up every
morning in anxiety for the future, and
live in perpetual fear that their party
services may not be efficient enough lo
enable tbom to keep tbeir place r Lai
we expect a decent civil service wdii
the tenure of office I made todepond
upon P.jrty fealty, and not upon good
Whon. therefore, we shall hove role-
gated the appointment ot Federal of-
fleers so far as praellcaoie to localities,
and shall have mado tenure of othor
subordinate officials permanent, wi
may expect real reform in Ibis regard
and not before.
THE CREATION AND POWER OP CORPORA
T10NSTOBB LIMITED,
So. too. is it not time to put some
check on tbe growth ana aggreganoi
ot corporations? In these days oi
great wealtn ior some, anu oi pn-av
distress for others, is it wise to oncour
ago tbe artificial perpetration of accu
mulated capital, ana to uunu up o..
road barons greater than the Stale, and
to leave tbem at liberty to go on in
creasing and consolidating without re
straint ?
THESE CHANGE. CON.ISTENT WITH THE
NATl'lE OP OUR OnVtRNMENT.
' But do vou say the change, hero
suggested would be radical ana rxros
sive? 1 reply, not at all ; thoy would
simply spply tbe fundamental princi
ples) of government to present ein ut.i
stance and existing conditions. Il is
truo the Father did not o apply meir
principle, but that wa because there
was in their limo no necessity for such
restraints. But, il tho wise and great
men who formed our governments
Statoaand Federal wero now to framo
a government, can you ocnove tney
would frame one that lell to Congress
anch a range of discretionary and un
restricted power, and sucb Inducements
for evil and corrupt legislation aa oxtst ;
or that lelt tbe Executive invested
wilb a patronago vaster, more aoso
linn, more dangerous, and more cor-
Irupting, than that of any European
monarch ; or that they would have
permitted tbo growth and consolida
tion ol tne power oi uiu greav .' iu-
might bo J)csary, and bo they wis
ly mad provision for amendment lo
ih Constitution they framed. Iagr
ihst change ia that fundamental law
are not to b lightly made, bat to mak
amendment in order to tpply princi
ples to new- condilbuia, to oouimu
ttio" CvllaMleiiwiiu, Hue lO c'. arup. . la ,
True consistency is to b found in ad
hering to principle, not to met b si.
It ia no more consistent than It ia wis
for B man to go about always in lb
dot he of B child, nor to so blindly re
vere tbe form by which principles ar
expressed, a lo refuse, when circuit).
slsneos change, In change lb method
bv which such principle are lo be ap
plied. WHY THIS IS A NATION.
t., .k. v...k.- ...mild reslize, If
thoy worked In our day, a we euouiu
rvaf'.ze, tbat iheee Slat. beootii
i nation, not merely oecaes u. won- ,
titution and il amendment o de
ls ; hut ha become nation by tb
igher law ol natural cause. '
1 tM IMMH'lH ol these Hutu form a
nation, because ihey como mainly of
mired races, occupy B nomogeneuu
country, speak a common language,
av common interest anu kuiuiuuu
ones, are bound together by great
natural way and division, and knit
together by every meiboa oi arnueiav
intercommunication, and cemented by
the blood and memories of a great war.
Being aucb s nation, then, tbeir na
tional government ought In ome res
pects, I think, to bave greater and dif
ferent power than the Fathers intend
ed ; bul in other and more eonous ros-
pe-;U it ought lo DO, on tuo oiuer naitu,
far mora defined and limited than in
tbeir time was necessary.
Tbe curse ot our present lime is too
mtauh legislation, too bjauUv paLnmag,
loo much interference witb natural
lawa. W hen w ston protecting, and
subsidizing, and inflating, and meddling
witb production, witn currency, wim
ndustry and wun natural taws ; wuon
we stop arimcial aggregations oi
wealth and great chartered companies,
and leave associations of persons to ihe
limited duration, tbe natural diffluul-
les, and the natural laws, witb wbicB
Nutur affect mankind ; when we
put an end to a patronage more enor
mous than ever existeu oeioro, aim
which to day threaten, tbe peace and
prosperity of lbe country, we may look
fur really belter government, and not,
I fear, before.
No, believe me ; not in preserving
balance of power between tbe Stale
und Federal authorities, rot in strict
est consttuclion of the Constitution,
nor in the fullest, maintenance ot the
rights of tbe Stales, will be found tbe
coinpluu cure lor the evils we are re
alizing, or wbicb threaten us ; nui on
ly in the proper application to our
limes, and lo existing circumstances,
and to tbe National as well as tbe
Stato authority, of tho three great
principle tis)ti which our Father
founded government lbe limitation ol
the power ol tbe government, tuo io-
alization ot those power, ana too re
iraint of anv privileged class. In
those three great principles, when duly
applied by further limitation laws
State and Federal will be lound the
true and sufficient remedy, and tbe
only sufficient remedy, lor the evili
wbicb beset and threaten us.
THE DUTY OP VIRGINIANS.
It may be that these views are er
roneous. Hut lbe d.nicullies ana ovus
to which 1 bave referred to exist, and
tbeir cause, and cure are at least
worthy your best thought and best
study.
In tho now conditions of our time,
the need and tbe opportunity of tbe
sons of Virginia will be found. Her
central position ; ber natural relations
with the States nf lbe North snd th
South on either hsnd ; ber tried loyal
ty to ber friends ; her fidelity to ber
own convictions, all justify Virginians
in takings leauing piaoe in any nuw
ment against existing evils and in tbe
measures tbat should be baa to meet
them.
The men of this State had such largo !
share In lbe formalion of our Govern,
ment because tbey bad fitted them
selves for tbe work they bad to do by
profound study of the principles and
needs of government. Once more,
ihoro is room for Virginians to render
greet public service by doing their part
to bring shout tboe reforms which
have become necessary. But, to do
their part, they must be willing to
tbink and to labor for themselves, and
to see, beyond forms in government,
to tbe real reason and substance ot
things.
Above all, young gentlemen, pray
remember that noilber in public nor in
private affairs can there be lasting
prosperity wil hout jnstico, and wisdom,
and truth. For in the noble worda
which Henry endorsed upon bis own
copy of bis famous resolution against
taxation, "Wbutbor independence will
prove a blessing or a curse will depend
on tbe use our people mako of tbe bles
sings a gracious God has bestowed on
ut. if they are wiso, they will be
great and happy. If tbe contrary,
they will be miserable Righteous
ness alone can exalt s nation. Who
ever thou art, remember this, and in
thy shpore practice virtue thysolt, and
encourage il in others."
Uhin speaking distance of n.enls, Buib '.nd rcdcral of the.; 'V-'. ""h.t Vd.y 1 .tiontbo Daimio, of our day? I
. i i ii.ii ... it n.i. irnatr nmuaiion iiiHin mo puiuwuvi .11 .... it
in. pan.es ...u - ". . TV;" h. ,.n.l.),,l,.n had existed
lly laotllttios, enormously eeni...- ... .
)usines and power, to that the in gsvarnmen' before, and all that in
mousl
; . k...inua aH tMIWaP
country, although far largor, ia far the then existing eondiuon wor neo-
miireeuuneuveu- 6 " .11 ,k. kenne
Ihe original State were. nut,
Buibeyond the difficulties arising which hve since taken placo, trained
C . A .est rtltill 1 av I wan lltldWi II ta I 1 lafl believe that onr dual government
I mill a uruwuv. r - 1 - ... . .11 n .
distribulion of wealth, and enormous was the model for government all over
combination of Industry snd capitsl, lbs world, occupied to discussing the
to which 1 bsv referred, msny grave distribution of il powers, w bav
and polsinve evils confront us. On failed to make allowanc. for sucb
every side corruption prevails. It bas cbsnge in the country nd in ociet)
r..i -i. in iha leo-iaiatnrna of the a av meantime taken place, ana
principal State. nd baa eves, on some boen snwllling to believe that any cor
r . A i k. r. . liauli I wanfinrlinar nhaavroa in our tvOtwUlU-
occasions, inwin vu.... ..... ,J
Ins oountrv wboae founders intend- two wor required. Yet, eonsetoas of
. . i.il....i .i.uu. knalaUiina' avila. Ibe erv has very wnere
they forbad hereditary title.,' order, got up for reform and
I of ncmility, continued am f
h absolutely and directly may control
th lives and conduct nf more than one
hundred thousand officials. If w say
tbat each of the officials caa control
two votes betid hit owa, w bave then
ovor three hundred thousand voier
dependent upon the Executive will a
tuimhetr areatar than th majority Bt
many presidential election. Indoed,
al th lest election, th party majority
in Ohio and other Slate wa even less
than the actual number or Federal onic
knlilar in the State.
Beyond ibis, the offlcboldr lorm
not only an army of voter, bl
army of workers, so thai, to luru out
aa Administrstioa onoa in power, re
anilraa anl enaeWv S malority of th
psopl, but a majority great setngh. to
cannot think so ; on tho contrary, a it
aaemt to ma, th very principles upon
which they framed lbe government
would bave required ihum to now
frame a government very different, In
these respects, from tbe government
thev established.
.1- ... . ... :
For myscll, I am protounaiy eonv tne
ed that tbe Father understood tin
real principle of popular government.
Tbey loresaw, mm, tnav as e.i:.....'
era changed, s change In the applica
tion of principle to new conditions
you hard, you hit something clso hard ;
pitch Into something with a will.
There's nothing like good, solid, ex
hausting wotk tocuretroithlo. If you
have mot with losses, you don't want
to lio awake and tbink about them.
You want sleep, calm, sound sleep
snd eat your dinner with appetite.
Itut vnn isn't unless vou work. If
yon say you don't leol like work, and
go loafing all day to tell Tom, Dick,
and Hurry the story oi your woes,
you'll lie awake ana Recp your wue
awake by jour tossing, spun ju..
tcmer and your breakfast next morn-
ng, and begin tomorrow iuoiu.k
lima worse than vou do today. Thor
aro some great trouble tbat only time
an heal, and perhaps some vnsv nuer
an be healed at all ; but all can be
helped by tbe great panacea, work.
Try it, you who are afflicted. It ia not
a patent medicine. It ha proved it
efficiency inco first Adam and Eva
left behind them, witb weeping, vueir
beautiful Kdon. It is an efficient rem
edy. All good physician prescribe it
in cases oi mental anu imua. uwaw.
It operates kindly as well, leaving no
disagreeable effects, and we assure you
that we have taken a large quantity
of it with most beneficial results. It
will cure more complaints than any
nnatrnm in tho wwffTKi mediea, and
como nearer to being a "euro all" lhaa
any drug or compound ol drugs in tne
market. And it will not sicken you if
you do not take It sugar-coated.
Wnr Some People arr Poor. Sil
ver spoons aro used to scrape kettle.
Coffee, tea, pepper, ana sp.co, are
left to eland open and lose tbeir
strength.
Potatoes in the cenr grow, aim
sprout aro not removed until tbe po
tatoes become worthless.
Brooms sre nover hung op, snd ar
soon flooded.
Hie bandied antve ar turuwn in
to hot water.
The flour it lifted ia a wasteful man
ner, and the broad-pan it left witb the
dough sticking to it
Clothe ire left on th line to wntp
to pieces in th wind.
Tub and barrels ar left in th sun
to dry and fail apart
jrrieu iruiis are nov laaen t are o, iu
Tk. SWeldaat ofand U apoolal BC pnoM
at Ptaaaoal aav per tee arapl are
Barred aa vaay a. M aa alee.ae IW lae parpoar,
A a. k. tbe aeries .key oboee. II
eaeaeeB-laef oW.rt ar oellae a. aaaan a
...amni far laeaitrree, tao poaela at lbe ataar
t Saaa.
aoason and become wormv.
Pork spoil for wnt of salt, and
beef because the brine wants scslding.
Bit of meat, vegeublea, bread, and
cold pudding are tbrowa away, when
they might b warmed, steamed, and
served as good a naw.
Oleaiaela, Pa.
sva IS, Ti.
gero, ball
k Baa and trying Dasiness. mua. - rr uu rw. -