THE
-CLEARFIELD REPUBLIC W
V ,
QOODLANDER & LEE.
; . "' CLEARFIELD, tk.
TABI.IIIHBD IN l)ST.
la Sierra Central Panuaylvaala.
Termi of Sobsoription.
If paid In xltuM, or wltbli I moalhl.... (Ml
If paid after I and before t montho....
SO
If paid after the eipiretioa of moath!..
a oo
- Ratei of Advertising,
TraaeWat edvertlaeueaU, par equate of llliaeaor
leea, A It IBM or leea.......... II 60
Foreeeh oubaequeatlnaertioa.. at
Adminialrutor!' aad Bxooutore' notieos...... t at
Aadttora Bollraa....M.M...mM.H.n. I AO
Oaaliontaad Kitrajra..MM.M...HM..M..... 1 at
Diaeolatloa Betieoe... .............. .. I 00
Prefeaaienal Oarde, t iinee or leae,l ;wH.. I 00
Lean! aotieee, per una ........... la
YEARLY ADVERTISEMENTS.
1 equal $8 00 I oolaina $50 00
S iqaaraa m..u.. 5 00 eolumn.. TO 00
I i'jura........10 01 I eoluma.. ...U0 II
, .. ,,. , O. B. QOODLANDER,
,. ..... NOEL B. LEE,
Pabllehere.
Carfl.
JOB PRINTING Of EVERY DE8CRIP
ilea anally eseoated at thle eftae. -
S, T.BROCKBANK, ,
a ' . , ;
. ATTORNEY. AT LAW,
CLEARFIELD, PA.
ap 15,17-lr
Oftoa ia Court Hoaat.
wit. MocoLLoraa, mm. o'l. vck.
' McCI'LLOIGn & LICK.
' - ATTORN EYS-AT-LAW,
' - - - C'laarfitld, Pa.
All tral bailnali promptt atteBded to. Offloa
ob Seoood itraot, In tha Maaonla aoildinf.
' i- - ' J,".,0,,!L.
Z W. C. ARNOLD,
LAW COLLECTION OFFICE,
- -' CURWENHVILLK,
t " " ClaarlleM Conntr, Peon'a. i j
s.
WILSON,
ATTORN BV AT LAW,
QIKea ana door tail of Vi'atlara Uolal bnllding,
oppoaita Coait Ilooia.. ,
aapt-i,'?T.t CLEARFIELD, PA.
taoa. a. anur. - -, - " or ana aoanoa.
- MURRAY & bORDON,
ATTORNEYS AT. LAW,
V .. CLEARFIELD, PA.
"Otica la Pla'a Opera llooaa, aaooad floor.
Ml'74 '-' " l "'.
FFfrank fielding,
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
I....... Clrartlald, Pa. .
arm aiiMd to all faaainara aulraatad to biai
piomptl; and faithfully. - Jaol'7T)
Wll.l.lia A. WALtACB.
AHBT F. WAULArB.
patib t. anaas.
torn w. wbiolbt.
WALLACE Sl KREBS,
" (floioei.or. U Wallaoa k Ki.ldinj,)
ATTORN EYS-AT-LAW,
jnnI7T i ' ClrjarflaU, Pa.
Kiarn . iTbhaixt. babibl w. a'ouBnr,
' - MoENALLT & MoCUEDT,
T ATTOBNEY3-AT-LAW,
tloarMald. Pa.
a-Ural aaalnaaa attamlod to proajptlr wltbj
I J.Htr. OSoa ob Saooad atraat, abota Firat
Natiaaal Dank. - ' Janili7B
-', ; G; R. BARRETT,
Attorhbv and CouNsiLoa at Law,
' - CLEARFIELD. FA.
liaTlBf Ta.lgned a I, Jnd(aihlp, haa nanmad
Iba praatioa of tba law In bi, old ooa at Claar
l p.. Will altand tha oanrti of JaTaraoa aad
Blk oonntlat wben ipaelallj raulnad la oonoaotlaa
lib raildont aonniol. ' )aBl'7I
A. G. KR AMER,
ATTC-ItNEY-AT-lAW,
Raal K,UU and Collaclloa Afant,
' I, CLEARFIELD, PA.,
Will promptly attand to all lagal boilnaaa aa
traatad to hi, aar. - I .
ptTOa la Pla'a Opara Ilonaa. Jaal'71.
H. w.: smith,
A T T O R N B Y - A T-L AW,
; WA L T E R BARRETT,
' ATTORNEY AT LAW.."
e i . ricarflrld, Pa.
UrOBtM la Old Wailarn Iloltl bull.l!n(,
aarnar of Saaoad an J Uarkal Ru. norl I ,.
ISRAEL TEST,
ATTORN KY AT LA W,
, Claarflald. Pb.,i;c
tromta la tba Caart Honaa, (j;ll,'
REED A 1IAGEUTY, . .
HARDWARE, FARM IMPLEMENTS,
Tluwara, Walla,
anl,'77 Baooad Blrtat, Cl.arll.ld, Pa.
7: JOHN L. CUTTLE,
ATTORNEY AT LAW.
Iu4 Real Batata A gout. Clnarfleld, Pa.
OBoa aa Tblrd itraat, baUCbarr A Walnut.
BV-Raapaatfally affara bii aarr loaa la aalliBg
ud baaiaf land! ia Clanrlald and adjainlng
toaaUaa aad wltb aa aiparlanoa ol orar IwantT
faara aa a aarrayor, flattari bloiaalf tbat ba aaa
raaiac aalUfaaUoa. ......... (Fab. m:.1:tf,
J. BLAKE WALTER8,
REAL ESTATE BROKER,
. AMD BBALIB 1 ."
Naw LogM and laiiinbor,
I '., k. CLEARFIELD, PA.
OBoa Ib Srabam'i Row. . IiMiTI
Ti. j: lingle,
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
l:t . , Uaceala, ClearfleM Ca Pa. pd
D R..W, A. MEANS,
PHYSICIAN A SURGEON,
.. . LliTIIKRBDURU, PA. ,
Will auaad profaartoaal aalla proaiptlr. augis'll
: . DR. T. J. BOYER, : :.
PHYSICIAN AND SO RO EON.
OOaa aa Markat Slraat, Claartala, Pa.
Xr-Olloa boon : t to Jl a. ai , and I to I p.
D
n H. M. 8CHBUKKR,
IIOMfSOPATIIIC PHYSICIAN,
. OAoa la raat4aaaa oa Markat at.
April M, l7. . Claarilald, Pa-
DR. J. P. BURC H FIELD,
Lata Snriaoa af tba 83d lalaiant, PannlylranU
Valaauara, baaiaf lataraad froai tba Ara7,
alfara bla prafaaiioaal aarrUai la IbaalUaaal
af ClaarlaUaoBalj.
BT-ProfaaalaaaUlU praaiptlj atuada te.
0oa aa Saaaad atraat, foiaiailoaeaplad by
Dr.Waada. , . ,. . . iapra,a.-H
DR. H. B. VAN VALZAH
' t I.F.ARFIEI P. PE-JTA.
Qt'KU'K In AlAtlONiC ItUILDlNO.
' Oftee bmira Freai It te I r. Af. "
ay ii,
7 ILLlA U M II KN'BV , Justice
TT ata Pbawi BBcBraBB,LUllHIK
CITY. OoMeatlaeie aaaeW Hi mower promptly
aald wear. AHlamaaf aawwaaaaat aad daada el
auavayaaee Matty aaaaatad aad varraatad ear.
reet or aa ebarga, - 'ir',li
JAMES H. LYTLE,
la Itratser's Building;, Cleai field, Pa.
n.eier la emeerleo, Pnelileai, Vegetable!,
Fralta, Floar, Feed, ate., ate.
an,U7t.f . ,
.'i Tt-ir"it.' -."
HARRY SNYDER,
BARBKR AND HAIRDHEHAKR.
Shop aa Meraet m opporHe Oonrt Roan.
A eleaa towel far every eereemer.
" Alee manafaatarer ef
All Kindt ef Artie lew la Maaaaa Hair.
C'laarlald, Pa. , .... may 10, 'la.
JOHN A. STAPLER, ' '
. JlAEKR, Market St., ClearleldPa.
' Froab Breed, Reek, Rolra, Flee aad Oakaa
aa band ai made aa order. A geaaral aaaaHmaaA
af Ceafeeliaaarlea, Fralta aad Kale la ete.B.
aa Cream aad byelera Nt eaaaea. Seloow a early
appeilie tba peatoBoe. JPrleee moderate.
Alan-b !-',. . , I
""WWWttaSllW -namBm in "U
GEO. B. GOODLAKDEB, Proprietor.
VOL. 51-WH0LE NO.
Cards.
TBJHTICOI' dk CtlMHTABLEH' FEE
Wa bava prlntod a larta aamoar of tha naa
FEE BILL, and will on tba raralpl of twaoty.
Ova aanta. mail a mbt aoj addraaa. ajvfn
JOHN D. THOMPSON,
Juatlea of tba Poaoa and Sorlvanar,
Curwenavllle, Pa.
fcta.Cotlaotlona nada and uoaaj prompt!
paidorar. fal.2'71tr
RICHARD HUGHES,
JUSTICE OF Till PEACE
FOR
Decatur Totrnthip,
Oaeaola Mill, P.O.
All olllolal bnilnan anlrartad to bin nlll ba
promptly attandad to. Biob'iB, '70.
FRANCIS COUTRIET,
MERCHANT,
PrcuehTllle, Clearfield Comity, Pa.
Kaapl oonatantly oa band a full aaaortmant of
Dry Uooda, Mardwara, urooanea, anu aTaryining
Banally bapt la a ralail atora, which will ba lold,
for oaab, aa abaap.aa aliawbara In tba oooaty.
Franobrllla, Juna 17, 1807-ly.
THOMAS H. FORCEE,
BBALBB IB
GENERAL MERCHANDISE,
CRAUAMTON, Pa.
Alao, altanalvo manufaetnrar and daalar In Sqnara
Timbaraad Hawaii Lumbar of all kinda.
V-Ordarl aoliolted and all bill! promptly
AlUd. 'JylB'TJ
REUBEN HACKMAN,
House and Sign Painter and Paper
Hanger,
Clearfield, Penu'a.
m-awWIII aaaoata Jobi in bla Una promptly and
la a workmaalika aiaanar. aprMT
, U .G. H. HALL,
PRACTICAL PUMP MAKER,
NEAR CLEARFIELD, PENN'A.
arPnmpa alwaya oo hand and made to ordar
an abort notloa. Pipaa bored on raaaonabla tarma.
All work warranted to roodar utiifaotlon, and
dallrarad if daaired. mySiilypd
E. A. BIGLER & CO.,
BULK HI IN
SQUARE TIMBER,
and maoulaoturara of
ALL Kl N !) IIPIAW Kl) Lll M IIKR,
.7'71 CLEARFIELD, PENN'A.
JAS. B. GRAHAM,
daalar in
Heal Estate, Sqnare Timber, Boards,
SIHNOLES, LATH, A PICKETS,
filtll ClraiB.l.l, Pa,
WARREN THORN,
BOOT AND SHOE MAKF.lt,
Market ft., Clearfield, Pa.
In tba abop lately occupied by Frank Sburt,
ona door waat of Alleghany tjoma.
ASHLEY THORN,
ARCUITECT, CONTRACTOR and BUILDER.
Plana and Speeinoatioae rurnlihad for all kinda
of buildinga. All work grit elaaa. Blair build
lag a apaeialty.
V. O. aodraaa, Cl.ar6.ld, Pa. jaa.l7-17tf.
R. M. NEIM AN,
SADDLE and HARNESS MAZER,
RuBbar;er, Clearfield Co., Pa.
Kaepi on band all kindi of Barnell, Saddle!,
Bridlei, and Horn Furni.bing Uoodi. Kapalring
promptly altaaded to.
Humbarger, Jan. 10, 1877-tf.
JAMES MITCHELL,
- BBALBB IB
Square Timber & Timber Lands,
jall'Tl CLEARFIELD, PA.
J. It. M'MUIIHAY
WILL 8UPPLT TOD WITH A!T ARTICLE
OF MERCIIANDIHR AT THE VERY LOWEST
PRICE. COMB AND 8KB. (!:S:7Jy:)
NEW WASHINGTON.
Ialvery Ntnblc.
THE underalgnad bega leave to Inlnrm taepub
Ite tbat ba ia bow fully prepare to aooommo
dau all ia tba way of farniihing lt..aee, Buggiaa,
Saddle! and llamaaa, on tha abortaat notloa and
en raaaonabla termi. Haiideaoa oa Loeaat atraat,
betweea Tbird aad Fourth.
UBO. W. OBAR1IART.
taarflald. Feb. 4. 1874.
I. 8N Y D E R,
' PRACTICAL WATCHMAKER
ABO D8ALBB IB
Watches, Clocks and Jewelry,
0raiam'a Horn, flarlal Strut,
rl.F.AHI'lF.l.l), PA.
All kindi of repairing In my line promptly at
anded to. AprlU8,l7.
NEW BOOT AND SHOE SHOP.
Tba aodenigu'cd would Inform tba publie that
ba haa removed hi! Hoot and Shoe Shop to tha
moat lately aveupivd by Joe. Dearing. in Shaw'!
Raw, Market itraat, where ba I. prepared to at.
trad to tha want! af all who neod anything la hi.
Una. All work dona by him will he ol tba beat
malarial, and guaranteed to ba IrM-elan in every
reaneot. Repairing preinplly attended to.
blade of Leather and blioe Finding! I"' "'
JOHN St'lllliFKIl.
Claaruald, re., July 18, m77-0m.
WHOLE SALE LIQUOR STORE.
. At tba and of tba new bridge,
' WEST CLEARFIELD, PA.
Tl . en.nrl.tu o tali ailabllihmenl will buy
bla llqanra dlreel from dlitlllara. Pirtlei buying
from tbli boaea will bo aura la ret a pure artlola
at a email anergla abowa eoaa. Hotel aarpara aaa
be faruUhed wltb llqaorl on reeionauie e.
Para wuvaa aad brendlee diraal from Baalcy I
Vlaary, ai Bath, New rrB. ..
, " . UBOHUE N. COLBUHH.
Claarield. Juaa I A, 1870-af.
Clearfield Nursery.
ENCOURAGE ROME INDUSTRY.
lift tniarilt. kftvlnff M(tMlibd k Kar
en tM Tilt, tOUl H WJ vwiwwm
CWlel
aeri
Id and Oarwrnivllle, Ii
.l.b all kindi af FRUIT TKKKI
. (f.ttB(1rr1 wid
Jwul I Cverereeae. ShrubWrV. Grape
Ooorebarry, Lawloa Blackberry, Strawberry,
aad Rarpbarrr Vlaaa. Alio, Slbrrlaa Crab Traw,
u.l.ee. and aarlv aoarlel Kbabarb, Aa. Order!
promptly attended to. Ad.lrei,
J. . WRIOHT,
aanil M- Curwenivllla, Pa.
" ANDREW HARWICK,
. Markat itraat, Clearfield. Pa
' - MABPrACTPBBB ABB BBAI.BB IB
HARNESS, SADDLES, BRIDLES, COLLARS,
tail all bind! of
- bokbb rvHJtisHwa eoooa.
A full Hock of Siddlara' Hir.lware, Brolhee,
Comb., Ulanhali, Robea, ato, alwaya na bead
aad for aala at tba lowe.1 aaah prleei. All Bind!
af repairing promptly attended to.
All Had! ft bide! tnaen la alebanga for bar.
noM and repairing. All kind! of be rne,i leather
kept oa band, and for lale at a imall prolt.
Clea.teld, Jan. 10, 170.
E. WARING'S
LAW BLANKS
Far Bale ai Ibe ClearAald RartiauoAa eoe.
Tht moot fomptrtr HrrUi f Mmw
Ultimkt JOSfbf (geea-af.
Tbeae Mai.ki are gmiaa ap la anperlor ilyla,
are ef aalform itie, aea rarnuuew
AgarM for eaab.
s.
Call 4 Ibe Rbi-vblmab amae aad eaamla
baa. Order! by mall premplly Oiled.
Ai ' ooo'dlanubralke.
July It, I87r-H. Claarield Pa.
FIELD
2,538.
THE FIOIIT A T THE PASS.
Hulcimnn Pasha hoe concluded to
adopt Aorxos' tactics, in 1 ho hope of
iionirojing ine itusmmis in Bcliipka
nass as the Persians did tlio Greeks at
Thurmopylft). In the oavage valor dis
played by the defenders and the ap
parently unconquorahle determination
ot tho Turks to got possession of the
best position in the Balkan, the figbu
ing at Schipka may not unworthily bo
compared with the throo days' battle
for the road to Athens. The disparity
in numbers is not so great, nor tho topo
graphical surroundings similar in moro
than one eesontial respect. The pass
at l normopylio was tbo only roau by
which Greece could be entered from
the northeast. Hero Leonidns had
eight thousand men. Behind Xerxes
there woro two million. Supposing
that one man would preeumo to resist
nis aavat.ee, ne sent a noraia to 1.00111
das commanding the Greeks to lay
down thoir arms. "Come and take
them," said tho Spartan. Tho herald
reminded him that so enormous were
the numbers of the Persians their darts
would darkon tho sun. "Thon wo shall
fight in tho shade," was the prompt
rojoinder. For two days the Persian
soldiers advanced in close files, and tho
dead so packed the narrojv road that
uiu assailants mouiea piles 01 corpses.
Tho pass is described Rs having been
then live miles In length and, accord
ing to Herodotus, fifty feot wide. Do
posits accumulated by tho streams
from the mountains bave so widened
it tbat it no longor corresponds with
the old descriptions. Abandoning the
hope of overcoming the Greeks before
starvation would have attacked his
own army, Xerxes seriously thought
of retreat, when onothcr passago
through tlio mountains was revealed
to him, by which he was enabled to
throw twenty thousand men to tho
rear ot tho Greeks. Ibe treachery
being discovered, Leonidas dismissed
all but throo hundred of his men, and
these, excopt ono, complied to the let
ter with the Spartan law forbidding
tight in baltio. the ono who escaped
the common lot, was carried, a cripple.
to Sparta, but so detested was he tor
suspected cowardice tbat no could not
obtain "even a light for his fire," says
tbo chronicle, but he repuired his mis-
lorluna by heroic valor at 1 lutea.
Tbo fighting at Schipka pass has
been going on utmost incessantly since
August!, liourko, it will bo remem
bered, dushed below the Balkan, plac
ing a small force at Eski Saghra, an
other at Yeni Sagbra, taking easy nog-
session of Kezanhk, and penetrating
so far southward as to cut in two
places the railroad lino which, having
its northeantorn terminus at Yamboli,
goes west to Philinpoiiolis and sonth
to Adrianoplu, ; Tbore appeared to bo
no substantial obstabtcs in tbo way ol
a march to Constantinople, and tho
men in the camp at Kezanlik spont
their leisure singing songs, making
love to the girls, and sniffing the odor
of tho millions of roses whose distilla
tion constitutes the chiet Industry of
Kcranlik, waiting lor the reinforce
ments whose arrival would hasten the
movement toward the Bospborus. On
July 22, two officers arrived with a
commission from the Czar to docorato
General (ionrko with the white cross
ol St. G 101 go, and to promote Prince
Kugcno to tho rank of a general oflieer
for his exploit in tbo capturo of Tirno
va. Whilo the gayctics following these
honors woro in progress, couriers Wore
making their way with the news ol
the disustor at Plevna, and orders to
stop tho advance. It was then ox
pectod that the Turks would follow up
their advnntago by striking tho Rus
sian lines at every available point
whilo tho demoralization of tho Plevna
defeat continuod : and as Suleiman
Pasha with bis fifty thousand regulars
irom 3iomencgro uau aireauy joincu
Raouf Pasha, it was highly nocossary
that Gourko should got his detach
ments together, already somowhat
loosely distributed. Tho vigor of Su
lciman Pasha lorced Gourko out ofi
Kski Saghra and Yeni Saghra. and
Kezanlik had to bo left to the Turks,
who at once fortified it as their south
Balkan base.
The most extravagant dispatches
wcro sent from Constantinople con
corning Gourko's retreat. A spocimon
telegram has boon discovered signed
by tlio kaimakam of Kezanlik declar
ing that ho had driven the Russians
back into the defiles, and that meas
ures were in progress to cut off thoir
retreat, un the auto 01 this aispatcn
tho Russians wero still in Kezanlik,
and tha kaimakam was in jail tbore.
I ho greatly superior forco ol aulciman
Pasha tell no alternative lor Gourko,
however, antl tho numerical weakness
of his command was seriously iiitensb
fied by sickness among his borscs and
men, caused by tho consumption of un
ripo crops, llo retreated slowly, and
halted on tho southern entrance to tho
pass on the first line of intronebmonts.
Tlio pass, strengthened by earthworks,
constitutes a natural fortress surround-
ed by steep duclevilics which make it
dangerous and difficult for tha placing
of artillery. Tbat the Turks should
havo evor permitted such a palhwuy
to full, almost without tlio firing of a
shot, into tbo hands of tho Russians is
one of tbo mysteries of the first period
of tho war, and is oxplicublo only as a
consistent part of Abdul Kerim's plan,
for ho had a plan, which was to let
tho Russians distribute themselves as
much as possible ; then cut them off
Irom a return to tho iiunune and cap
ture them by hunger. Tho Turks had
erected worKB of earth and stone in
the pass, which the Russians havo been
able greatly to improve ; and it is
these simplo fortifications at tho south
ern ontranco of the pass, whose road
way is the dry bed of a mountain
stream, that enabled them to bold
out against tremendous assaults by
Suleiman Pasha until tho arrival of
Gcnoral Radutzky with reinforcements
from Tirnova, which is forty miles
north. Tbo Gorman commander who
has recently been through the Balkan
Worther, was of opinion that tho pass
could bo bold indefinitely by 10,000
men. Tho battalions which RsdeUky
brought increased the force, defending
tho pass to about 25,000, and as the
road to Tirnova is opon, there is no
reason why as many troops as are
necessary shall not go forward. Tho
fighting on both sides has been bloody,
desnerato. and terrific: the Turks, in
thoir determination to repair Abdul
Korlm's blunder, have emulated tbo
ferocious bravery of Orkhah and the
persistence ot the great Mahmond ; and
whatever civilization may think of
thoir conflicting motives, tho valor of
both belliiferunts ontitloe them to tho
admiration ol tho world.
At last. Suleiman gives up the bono
of capturing tho pass from tho south,
llo has lodged bis guns on tho woodod
slopes that overlook It on either side,
and will fortify hit CAmp In the fillago
ol Schipka, and will undertake now to
repeat the maneuver 01 urnuu
got 0 column around by Rain Kol pas
CLEARFIELD," PA.,
(through which the Russians made
thoir first Balkan excursion), and
throw this force upon the Russian rear,
thus surrounding Kadotzky on tour
sides. Bold as the plan is, it will take
so long to realize it that the Kussiuns
will bavo plonty of time to prepare.
Hain Koi pass ia a laborious twenty-five-mile
march through tho mountains
oast and north of Kezanlik. There
are only mountain defiles through
which to debouch on tho northorn side,
and unless the Itussians are imbeciles,
Suleman Pasha must join with Mo
homet Ali and encounter a Inrge body
of Russians from Tirnova before he
will be able to pitch a tent in tho vi
cinity of Schipka pass on the north.
There is a mountain highway from
Hain Koi northwest, but it does not
lead to Schipka. There is also a nar
row road from Kezanlik northeast up
to tho heights, through steep and ardu
ous lootpaths, to what is known as
Koianlik poos, some fiftoen miles east
of Schipka. Through these two, Su
leiman proposes to( tako men enough
to cut off Radotzky from further rein
forcements from Gubrova and Tirnova.
If he succeeds, bo will have well earn
ed bis glory. If he fail, tho death
warrant of Abdul Kerim, whose ideas
of strategy rendor so perilous an ad
venture necessary, will bo quickly
written. Chicago Timet.
DEATH OF THE PROPHET.
CAREF.R OP Till-! MAHOMET Of
AMERICA.
How he led the Latter-day Saint, to Utah
aud Uatabllelied a Theocratic State.
APPEARANCE AND HABITS OF Till MAN.
Salt Lake City, August 29. Brig
ham Young died at 4 p. m. to day.
Urigbam Young was born at Vhit-
tingham, Vermont, Jtino 1, 1801. In
1831 he lomon tho Mormons nt Kirk-
land, Ohio, and soon bocamo influential
by his shrewdness and cnorgy, Jlo
was one of tho twelve disciples sent
ont to make converts in 1H:I5, and on
tho death of Joe Smith in Juno, 1811,
he was chosen high president and
prophet. With most of tlio sect ho
uhnndoncd Nnuvoo early in 18-lfl, per
suading his followers that Suit Lako
City valley was tho promised land, and
lounucd thcro in July, IH47, nalt Iake
City. In tho spring of 1819, having
greatly increased by emigration, they
lounucd a Stato called J'escrct, but
Congress organized it as tho territory
ot Utah, and Young was United States
Governor from 18!0 to 1RM. The
Mormons having defied tbo federal
government, President Buchanan in
1857 sent a force of 2,500 men, undor
Albert Sidney Johnson, to enforce Its
authority, and in 1858 a compromise
was onoctcd. Urigham had twolvo
actual wives, bosidoft many who had
boon "sealed to him" as his spiritual
wives. As the bead of the Mormon
church, he was long tin facto Governor
of the Territory, and was semi-annually
elected President. .Alany ot the
crueltios practiced upon emigrants
have been laid to bis chargo, ana it is
the common bolief that he was tho in-'
stigator of the Mountain-Meadows
massacre, for complicity in which
Bishop Loo was recently shot. The
shrewdness with which he has man
aged tho affairs of tbo Mormon church
have been remarkable. 1
J be I'hiladelphia lime, in alluding
to the death of tho great Mormon lead
er, soys :
Ibe olt-qnotod provorb that tells us
to "speak nothing but good of tho
dead, is, to our thinking, most im
moral. If we are to speak woll of a
man whose lile has been a tissuo of
crime, because ho is dead, thon ona of
tho supports of virtue is withdrawn.
It is a false and washy pioce ot sonti
mcntalism to ref'uso to draw the truo
lesson of a man's life, because that lifu
is closed. On the contrary, is is our
duty to use overy noblo lilo as a sum
ulus and example ; overy wicked 0110
- rt'l... I:il. tl:..l
un vtuiiiiiiLt. ,u, 1110 1,1 jjiiuuuiii
Young has been ono of imposture, de
ceit, solflsh grocd, tyranny, lust and
crime; and it is indeed, a public mis
fortune that he should havo died calm
ly in bis bed, leaving tho outraged law
unavenged, his ill gottcn wealth and
power unimpaired, and oven his pro
phetic impostures and Baintship unex
posed. Lvory instanco of successlul
villainy persisted In to tha last, and
dying rich, honored and worshiped by
the woild, or any considerable portion
of it, furnishes inducement for others to
enter upon such lives. Iloss I weed
lying 111 prison is a health-giving spec
tacle; Louis Napoleon dying in oxilo
is a warning against usurpation; Ung
ham Young, dying rich, honored, lull
of years, and worshiped as a s,uint, i
as bad a lesson as well could bo. J bat
ho bad vast abilities none cun deny.
He not only had practical worldly
wisdom, tbo crnlt of monoy gotting
and tho low cunning of the impostor,
but ho had a lorgo sugnclty, foresight
and prudence, an immenso hold npon
the minds nnd affections of his people
lie used all theso raro qualities, to es
tablish over tho people Of his faith
and govornmont, tho most benumbing
despotism that tho world has seen for
centuries. It Is upon htm that the
moral responsibility of tho Mountain-
iloadow massacre rests. Hishop l.co,
who wns shot, was more immediately
concerned in the execution of hideous
bntchory; but Brigham Young know
of it, and protected tho murderers af
ter the crime: not only protocted
thorn from punishment by law, but ho
retained them as bishops of his church.
He ought to bave been tried by tlio
laws of the United States for mnrder.
He was worse than an accessory be
fore and lifter thp fact, It was he who
made tho crime possible, llo had in-
spired the fiorco, narrow antl bloody
fanaticism which led tho Mormon
butchers in the name ef religion to
strew tho moadows with slaughtered
men and womon. . When Bashi-Da-zouks
do this, it seems the wild and
brutal ferocity of half-civilized muh
and a half civilized creed; but Brig
bant Young's people woro Euroieans
and Americans; it is impossible to be
lieve that be was deluded by his own
pretentions as a prophet or saint. Uo
wan a rank impostor, seitisn, gnwnunrr
tyrannizing ovor tbo inula and bodies
ol his victims, degrading thoir minds
with his superstition their consciences
with bis crimes, thoir bodiei with Li
lusts. Tbo great tragedy of the death
of Brigham Young is tho void it will
leave In tho lives of those who believ
ed in bim. Doubtless tboy mourn him
now as a loss irreparable. To them,
perhaps, ho scorned divlno, holy, the
representative of God on earth. ' Hit)
powerful hand alone haihcld IhcMor
mon colony together In the niid.l ol
the dangers and difficulties that sur
rounded it. Now they are doomed to
see it tumble Into wreck and dissolu
tion. Tho young mu, Brigham
Young'l ion. who Tl to succeed him,
cannot wield the sceptre that his fa
i ii ' V'. . .', r -1111.1 .1 , ,r. I I : ..."
a. -?3CN. ..." "- U ": " - I .,!-.. '.
PRINCIPLES, NOT
' WEDNESDAY,- SEPTEMBER 1 9, 1 877.
ther bus laid dawn. Tho tide of tho
ninotconth century will soon swotp
away the structure ot oburou and
Statu tbat Brigham Young bad reared
upon Bund; and tho great Mormon
tomplo at Suit Iiako will soon bo a rec
ord of a faith as dead ns that of tho
Sphinx, the 11 em of in or tho Parthenon.
But tho time must come sooner than
that when those who bulioved in Brig
ham Young will took back and won
der at their own iblindnoss and folly;
they will see bim til ho was, no longer
a prophet and saint, surrounded by a
holy radiance and purity, but a cruel,
grasping, bloody, lustful tyrant, who
mado thoir lives delusions, tbut he
might food fat his own pamporad per
sonality. Better, perhaps, tlio fate of
thoso who died in their faith than
thortowho live to see through its cheap
and vulgar imposture. , .: (. 0
nEliOISM OF THE MOHTESE
' ' ' GRINS. ; " ';
Wo extract from a sketchy article,
by Gladstono, In tbo "Xtnetanth Cen
tury," noma remarkably interesting pas
sages about MonteucgrOrf We would
willingly givo the entire article, but
that it is too long lor our pages. , ,
Whou the Austrian aud Moiitomj
grins were fii'hting against tlio Turks,
allies of tho French, on a certuin occa
sion a handful of men bad to fly lor
tueir nvou. two AustriuMt.wcre
among them, of whom one had tlio mis
fortune to be what is . culled stout.
Whon tho party had . run somo way,
ho showed sumo signs of extreme dis
tress, aud said ho would throw him
self on tho ground, and tuko the
chances. "Very well," said a fellow
tugitivo, "make haslo, say your prayers,
make tho sign of tho cross, and I will
then cut off your head for you." . As
might be expected, this was not ut all
tho view of tbo Austrian in his propo
sal, and tho friendly ofTer had such an
effect upon him, that ho resumed tho
race, and reachod a place of safety.
Under tho steady rolorniirig lnfluencui
which havo now been nt work, for
nearly a hundred years, low vestiges
of this stato of things probably remain.
Hut 1 will dedicate tho duel part ol
my remaining spaco to the application
of that criterion which is of all others
tbo uhurpest and surest ton', ot the con
dition of a country namely, tlio idea
it has embraced 01 woman, nnu the po
sition it assigns to her. ' ' "
1 his is both tbo woak, and tho very
weak, and also the strong point of
Moiuenegro. i. no women till tlio neius,
and may almost bo said to make them ;
lor Lady Strangford testifies that she
saw various patches ot ground in cut
tivntion winch wero leas than throo
foot square, and it seems that handfuls
of soil are put togother even where a
single root will grow. More than tins,
over tho great ladder-road between
Cettinje and Cnttaro, the women car
ry such parcels, bound together, as, be
ing over ten pounds in weight, ore too
heavy lor the post; and tiopteboviteh
records tho Rccminirlv ensv nerlorm-
anco of her tark by woman who was
the bearer of his large and long port
manteau. Consequently,- though tho
raco is bcauliiul, and tins beauty may
bo soon in very young girls, as women
they become short in stature, with
harsh and repulsivoTeaturoa. Nor is
their social equality recognized, since
they Hot only labor but perform menial
offices lor the mon. ' One of our au
thorities informs, us that tho husband
often beats his wifo. Ibis, however,
to my knowlcdgo, wne A practice which
did uol excito general reuuguanoe. one
gonoration back, among the Hellenic
nnnoiiiinis 01 (.eiinaioniii. .,
Tlio portrait thus set botoro us is
sufiiciontly ungainly: let us turn to its
more winning features. Crime ol all
kinds is rare in Montenegro: Miss
Mackenzlo and Miss Irby informs us
that in a year the jail had but two
prisoners, But tbo crimes, or sins,
which have reloreneo to woman, are,
whether iu their viler or thoir milder
forms, utmost unknown. Neither
violation, nor seduction, nor prostitu
tion, says Ooptchovitch, uro found in
Montenegro. ' Tho old law of tho
country punished all unchastity with
death a law ol which there seem to
bo traces also in Bulgaria. Every
where tbo purity and modesty of tho
maiden enjoy an nbsHuto respect; and
a woman in every defile, overy ham lot
ol Teornagora, is a perfect escort tor the
traveler. Moreover, even tho French
writer to whom 1 am so much indebt
ed, and who seems toview this matter
through a pair of Parisian spectacles,
candidly admits that the Montenegrin
woman is qnito satisfied with her stato.
If the condition of tho women was not
Parisian, neither, it may bo truly said,
was that of tho man. , i
Tho women havo tho same passion
ate attachment with tho men to funii-
ly and country, nnd display much of
iho same valor, uoptchovitoh snp
plies two most remarkable examples,
A sister and four brothers, the four of
course ail armed, aru matting a pilgrim
age or excursion to a church. . Tbo
state of war with the Turk being nor
mal, we need not wonder when wo
learn that they are attacked unawares
on their way, in a pass where they pro
ceed in single file, by seven armod
Turks who announced themselves by
shooting dead tho first of tho brothers,
nnd dangerously wounded tho second.
Tho wounded man lenns against tho
rack, and, though he receives another
and fatal shot, kills two of the Turks
bclnro ho tlicB, Tho sister presses for
ward, and grasps his rifle aud his dng
gcr. At last all are killed on both
side, excepting herself and a single
Turk. Who . asks for mercy and lie
promises it but names her maidenly
honor as tho prieo. Indignant, and
perceiving Hint now ho is oil his guard.
sho stabs hun with tho dagger. Ho
tears it from her hand, they eloso, and
sho dashes tho wretch rrvcr tho pi eel-
pleo into tlio yawning urptn below.
, The sertniiil nnecdolo is not less sin?
gular. .Tidings rench A Montenegrin
wife that nor busbuiid bus just been 1
slain by a party under tho command
of a certain nga. Knowing tlio rond
by which they are travelihg, she seizes
a ride, islioosesber posilion, ami shoots
llo Aga dead. .Tbo rest of the party
tako to . flight. . Tho wilii of tho dead
nguicnila her un epistle. . 'Thou hast
robbed mo of both my oyva.' Thou art'
n genuine daughter of Tscrnagor.
Come to-morrow alone to the border
line and we will prove br trial which
of m was the bolter wile." ThoTsern
agorino appeared, equipped with the
nruio of the doad aga, ana aloue as oho
was invited. Hut tlio lurltiBli woman
had thought prudenco the heller part
of valor, and brought an armed cham
pion with her, who charges nor on
horseback. , Sho shot him dead as ha
advanced, and, aaiaing aw faithless an .
Isgonbit, boirod bnr and took her homo,
kopt bar as a nnraomaid for fourteen
years, and then lot beg go back to her
place and people. Pet and 'law,1 -
S ; m.- t' I 1
. Jle bvnoflts himself llikt sloth good
toothers. j a n i f
EP
men, : !. ;;
,i ; PEACH CULTURE. . '
RAI'UI I1UOWTU OF THE INDUSTRY-
Thirty five yours ago the cultivation
01 poaches lor the markets was un
known in Delaware and Maryland
Only in certain sections of Now Jersey
was tins interest looked upon as ot any
importance - There were somo five or
six orchards in Burlington county and
a few in Gloucester county, Most of;
tho fruit from -these orchards was
brought to Philadelphia in large market
wagons and sobl by tbo growers direct
ly to consumers. Philadclphinng woro
not then such fruit eaters as they are
now, ami this limited Bupply, together
with tho yield ot the natural trees
which grew in many gardens in. the
city, was sufficient lor the demand. A
few years later, whon, by means of
rapid transportation the Iruit could be
got to market tn a tresh and appotizing
condition, the demand increased enor
mously and the peach groworsoi Now
Jersey began to reap a.jricb reward.
The cultivation ot peaches ns a business
grew Into great importance. Among
the first who looked to Delaware as
a promising field for tho cultivation of
pouches was Mr. ltidgewsy, an eminent
1 hiladclpbia merchant, becuring tbo
aid of a successful Now Jersey growor
named Kocves, together they purchas
ed a tract of land on the Delaware
river, just holow Delaware City, upon
which thoy planted about four thous
and trees, At that tui.ro tins was look
ed upon as an immenso orchard. 1 hoy
received a profitable return from their
investment, but Mr. Ridgewny was far
advanced .in year and bad already
amassed a great lortnne and did riot
push tho cultivation of peaches to any
great extent and Mr. Hooves' moans
did not permit bim to do so. Conse
quently, Messcrs. Ridgeway and Rcovcs
arc now generally known only as tho
pioneers of ponnh culture in Delaware.
There lived near Delaware City at
the lime thut Messrs. ltidgoway . aud
Reeves wore muking their experiments
an enterprising Pennsylvaniun, Major
Philip Reybobl, well advanced In lift
nnd in good financial circumstances.
Ho had always been a kocn speculator,
aud had muda a Biuall fortune ss a con
tractor in digging a section of tho Del
aware and Chesapeake Canal.' Ho
readily learned tholessonwhich Messrs.
Ridgewny and Reeves' experiment
taught, ami inducing his sons, John,
liaincy, William Philip, Clayton and
Anthony, to purchaso lunds, which at
that timo woro selling at very low
prices, they all engaged In the cultiva
tion Af poaches. In A fow years in the
markets of Philiidolphia, Baltimore,
Now York and Boston, tho names of
Reybohl and ptuiuho swunod to bo al
most synonymous terms. The Messrs.
Reybold hud in tlio aggregato upwards
ol forty thousand peach trees growing
on their fnrms, and tho fritit from this
number- of trees nearly . supplied
tha niarkoi -at that time. ' It . was
said of them that they instruct
ed their agents in Now York and Phil
adelphia to throw all the fruit into the
rivur which they could not sell ntiove
certain price.', and on one memorable
occasion In " Now York, when ; tha
Mountaineer arrivod lato ono Saturday
at thut port, tho peach bnyors formed
a combination by which they cxpoctod'
to buy tho fruit at very low prices,
knowing tbat the steamer would be
fully loadedr Tbe-MajoT""domanded
twonty-tivecotits a basket; the bnyors
ollorcd fifteen. . .Neither side would
yield. Tho Mountaineer drew out in
to the Blrcniu,.iiiidliu. Alujur dumped
his whole cargo into tho Hudson. ,
Alter engaging most successfully in
the cultivation of peachos oround Del
aware City, for upwards of fifteen
years, tho Messrs. lieybold woro as
tonished to find that their lands wonld
no longer produce healthy poach traos,
and orchards upon which had been
bestowed t lie dome caroand good man
agemont which had characterized the
productions of such fine poach crops
in tho past relused to licnr marketa
ble crops. From about 1856 to 18(3
even tho largest and bealthiost
orchards of this section boro no fruit,
and even now peaches do not do well
on these lands that onco woro renown
ed ns tho greatest peaeh-producing
lands of tho country. O! tho many
who, lod by tbo success of tha Messrs.
lieybold to engage in peach culture,
few, if any, failed to moot with tho
same experience, and for a tim6 It was
pretty generally believed that poaches
could not suooesstully be grown in
Now Castle county. . Nor was this pe
culiar to Delaware, il'lio rinino had
been tho result in New Jersey, and
soctions- of country ot New Jersey
which hud grown most magnificent
peaches failed tun or twelve years in
succession to produce any marketable
f loaches, and even now nono but tho
uto varieties thrive and do well in that
Stato. , ,1 1. .,,,. .1 1
, After several years, during which
timo peach culture wus but of small
importance, tho success of the Messrs.
VBndegrllt on small farms on the sonth
sideol St. Augustine croekn small
stream emptying .into tlio Delaware
river at a point about five miles below
Delaware City in producing a succes
sion of good crop" attracted tho atten
tion of tlio neighboring land owners,
and soon nearly evory Innd owner in
St. George's Hundred planted mora or
less lurgely with lunches. From a
small orchard of not cxiccding two
thousand trues ill'. M- umlugrill sold
during the sensou nf 18r.t-fi2GdG.And
li.i upwards or s,nu baskets or mi it
nnnnnlly, nt prices ranging from 1.1
down to I1.5U per baskot, nnd he real
ized a profit ol upwards ol fiO.HW for
the sale of peaches from this smull or
chard. His success demonstrated the
fact Hint at least lands upon whirh
peach trees had not already been grown
could bo generally rvliad upon to pro
duce peaches. -
une farmer mane In 1 863, olonr of
all expenses, (1,(00 from four acres of
laud, Anolhor man, a laborer, who
by thrill contrived to purchase A litllo
pTacrJ of ton acres, lor which ho paid,'
tor house and lnd, about ICOfl, planted
the land in puaohos and gathered from
it upwards of IJ.0U0 annually for sev
eral years. Men who had been indif
ferent (armors engaged in peach culture
and grew, suddenly rich. Xh brilliant
successes of different peach growers
created in tho munis ol tho Iiolawara
nnd Maryland land owners the impies
sion t bat peaches wonld prove for many
years to bo a most profitable crop, and
us a result every ooclion of till penin
sula, which comprises Delaware, tho
eastern shores ol Maryland and of Vir
giuiu, is mors or loss interested in tho
cultivation of peachos, and, it. may
safely be calculated that there are now
growing on that peninsula upwards of
ti,ow,(MrV pencil trees." i he resnit 01
planting; this immense namberof peach
I rocs has been most disastrous, ana
vnrv inaiiv farmers have been finan-
clnlly ruined by It. ' ' "' ' "" 1
' But very few of the many thousands
Who luxuriate in the' limoioue peach
have anything likes proper conception
BMC AN.
'i-aisu
NEW
of the amount bt labor and capital re
quired to grow poaches. Young poach
orchards are cultivated as thoroughly
as corn-fields by the succosslul growers,
In fact, tho orchards are planted by the
Delaware and Maryland farmers with
corn and receive the same cultivation
for two years. . Tbo third year throo
rows of corn are sometimes planted be
tween tho rows ot poacbos, which are
usually twenty feet apart, but after the
orchards come Into bearing no othor
crop can be grown upon the ground,
lot as long as the orchard lives it ro
quires cultivation and lurtilizing.
In Delaware and Maryland there are
upwards of 60100 acres of land undor
pouch trees. 1 bis land is the boat on
tho peninsula, estimated to be worth
$50 per aoro, or f.'l,000,000. To ship
this fruit requires 2,000,000 of baskots,
ornearly tbat many, which costs?5ll,
000. - The money invested in necessary
implement lor cultivating and slii-
ping tho peaches to market is estima
ted at 810 for every 100 trees, 01
$600,000. Tho cultivation of peach
orchurds and tbe picking of the Irnit
gives employ mont to upwards of 25,000
htborors. Tbo growing to maturity of
a peach orchard requires tbo expendi
ture ot at least 130 per acre, or upwards
ot wI,8UtMHiU on the orchards of Dels
ware and Maryland. Nearly 10,000,-
000 of capital are now invostod by theso
growers in poach culture. Among the
heavy consumers of poaches during the
season are the canncrs. This industry
uses annually many thousand baskets
of choice fruit. In Bnltimoro tho can-
ners are the principal buyers in the
market 1 but, alter all, the great bulk
ol poacbos are oaten - from the band,
And in past seasons it has boon found
that, however great tho supply of good
peaches was, there was always domand
enough for thorn to effect sales at somo
price or other, of all that wore offered
on tho markat, . And it bos boon only
the poor and worthless fruit which has
ocen thrown away. iVuM. jimc!.
O HMAN PASHA IDENTIFIED.
PARTICULARS OF Ills STRANGE CAHEZH.
The brilliant defense ol Plevna by
Oman Pasha has attracted mtich atten
tion to that great Turkish general, and
tlio press has been making an effort to
penetrate the moognito which be has
assumed.' At first it was thought that
it was Marshal liazaino, of r ranee,
who bad redeemed at Plevna tho laur
els lost at Motz. That unfortunate sol
dier wns found quietly lying 'midst the
orange grovos of Spain with his devot
ed wile and family.. Tbo more proba
ble report that followed, indicating that
Osman Pasha is an American by tho
name of U. Clay Crawford, seems woll
sustained by corroborative testimony.
According to telegrams recently pub
liohod, L.B. WickVitt'UjOf ML Washing
ton, Ky, and General Joseph B. Reyn
olds, of Chicago, have both had letters
from the American adventurer In Turk-
oy under the title ot Osman Pasha.
Any way, tbe innniry of -Baltimore
Gazette reporter into tbo history of
v rtwlnnl, who tor a time real (loo in
Chostortown and edited a Republican
newspaper, unfolds a tale of ad von tu re
which would only be appropriated cap
ped by his appearance upon the victo
rious battle-huld of Plevna.' .
Tho information received as to the
antecedents of Crawford show that bis
father was a school teacher In Rogem-
ville, Tcnn., where tho future pasha
wus born. About the year 1853, when
on the threshold of manhood, be was
appointed a cadet at West Point by An
drew Johnson, then a member ol Con
gress from Tennessee. , At tho institute
he was a quick and apt scholar, and was
among tlio highost of his class. Tbore,
on tho ore of gradnatihg, -ho was ox
pellod for stealing, llo wandered about
and the breaking out of the war found
bim in Illinois, lie unlisted as a private
in one of tho Illinois regiments; then
enlistefl a battery ot artillery in East
Tennossoe, nnd was promoted step by
stop, for bravery in aotion until he had
attained the rank of colonel. In tbis
capacity bo led a raid through his na
tivo town of Rogorsvillo. At tho close
ofttiowar ho' entered tho liberal ser
vice In Mexico, bnt lor some reason he
was compelled to leave that service af
ter ho had gained the rank ot major
general. Ho came back to this country,
bringing with him a largo quantity of
Mexican bonds and more available
funds. In the year 18C8 ho appeared
At Philadelphia with plenty of money,
And purchased the Levering property,
which lies between tho Delaware rivur
And Neshuming creek in Bausalera
township, Bucks county, fourteen miles
above Philadelphia. - The beautiful
mansion on the place is directly oppo
site Koveriy, New Jersey. He moved
here with his wife, a beautiful and ox
collcut lady, bis father-in-law and a
Mexican body-servant, llo purchased
a yacht, "the Plover, "and a fast horso,
"the Andalnstic," and spent money
freely.' :Uo purchased the neighboring
I'axton property, and placed Major Pol
ton, of Jiew York, his fatlior-in-lnw, In
chnrgo. ' Theso two properties cost bim
about H0,000. He ontercd politics and
toon baoame fary influential in Bucks
county, - Uo was tbcu a Democrat,
wore a big sombrero, and claimed to
bo overy inch a Southerner. Ho talk
od of gottig np an expedition for Cuba,
bnt his meuns began to disappear, and
he sold ilia property, and in his steam
yacht bo started ont anow to fresh
fields ol adventure.
In tho latter part of 18G9 ho arrived
nt Chestortown, Kent 'county, in his
yacht, and decided at once to locate
there.; .Jle bought the old Chambers
mansion in that town for 15,000, and
put fS,000 worth of improvcmonU up
on It, Ho cntcrtn'nicd in princely stylo,
antl society soon began to cultivate bim
and his wifo, 'The latter gained the
ostoem of ovory ono, and whenever any
question as to Crawfbrd'g antecedents
sprang up In tho presence of her gentle
nnd ludy-like deportment all suspicions
were quieted. She evidently bad both
fuilh and confidence in her husband
and Boomed devotedly attached to him.
His bouso was tho scene ot continued
festivities, whilo bis yacht was every
day upon tho Chosaiako with ploas
nut cxuursioa parties, composed of the
host people of historio Kent. Embar
rassments came upon him. His place
was mortgaged, bis horses sold and his
yacht no more plied the waters of the
bay. Jia then started the photograph
business and tbe manufacture of ink and
porltimerya llo also started a faro
bank, which, by tho way, many of the
sons of Konl well remember, lie then
wont into politicsto retrieve his broken
fortunes, Jfo was thon an advanced
Republican And began at once to
manouvre so as to' obtain Influence
ovor thd colored people just enlran-
cbishod. lie managed so well as to con
trol the party not only in Kent bat
throughout the peninsula. He went
Iron place to place, speaking to tho
colored peoplo, and excited the onmlty
ot tbe whites by his extreme and vio
lent horanguos. lie started a papoi
called , the .Freeman't Journal , and
through Its columns sensed and alary.
M per usiuunTiT uiUuZ
SERIES - V0L. 18, NO. 37.
dored the leading men of the county to
sncb an extent that bis porsonal safety
was ondangorod. Ho wont about well
armed and scorned to care nothing for
tbe threats made against bim. During
tho Torbort campaign bis house was
tho boauquartors ol tho Republican
party and he had for his guests tho
most prominont mon of that party
from Baltimore and other portions of the
stale. . .notwithstanding all bisenorts,
old Kent wont Democratic. He still
kopt np his abuse of the people, until
one day a visitor to (Jhestertown, see
ing Crawford, said, "I know that man.
He was once in the penitentiary at
Richmond under my charge." Tbe
gonoral, as ho styled himself; kept up
a bold front until the proofs were re
ceived that be bad boon convictod in a
federal court in Virginnia lor robbing
the mails and sent to the penitentiary,
from which place in a few weeks he
escaped. Governor Walker was ap
pealed to to take slops to bave bim re
turned to prison, but during the pro-
ceeadiugs a compromise was ctlected,
the general promising to leave tbo state,
which he shortly afterward did. His
wife returned.to her father and Craw
ford sought service in tbe army of tbe
Khedive of Egypt, and it is thought
was transferred to the Turkish army.
1x9 is now about lorty-soven years ot
ago, near six lect in height, weighs
about two hundred pounds and is sym
metrically built lie bos black hair
and beard, a bright eye and an intelli
gent oounlenace. His courage is un
qestionable, and he bears npon bis body
a number of scars received in the front
of battle and in private frays. His
conversational powers are excellent,
and bis manners those of a high-toned
and educated gentleman. He is thor
oughly unscrupulous, and while in
Kent ho would stop at nothing to ac
complish a purpose. Ho impressed all
who mot In in a a man ot remarkable
ability. : Those who knew him tn
Maryland express no surprise at bear
ing that under the name of Osman
Pasha he fought the fight at Plevna.
On the contrary, thoy say that it is just
hat might be expected ot bim.
Hon. Honry R. Torbot, of Cecil, in
whose campaign for Congress Craw
ford took an active part, suid to a re
porter of tho Gazette that in 18G8 he
wont over to Chestortown to speak on
the stump with General Crawford, and
stopped at his bouse for a week, during
which time be was sumptuously enter
tained, Mrs. Crawford was apparent
ly ft lady entitled to rospoct, and she
has to this day tlio good opinion of
tbose who mado hor acquaintance in
Kont. Gcnoral Crawford bad a steam
launch called "The Tennessee." Ho
assaulted Hon. George Vickers bitter
ly, and that gentleman exposed tho fact
on the slump that bo bad been expell
ed from West Point tor stealing, and
published a history of his career in a
Chostortown pnpor. Gon. Crawford
espoused tbe cause of tho down-trodden
aud oppressed because thoy had just
boon given votes, uo was a most gitt-
od man, and hod passed through re
markable adventures. lie displayed
a ailvcr-moanled saddle he bod receiv
ed from Maximilian, and a largo quan
tity of Mexican bonds. Uo wonld fre
quently give a vivid description ot the
capture of Bagdad on tho Rio Grande,
by troops nnder bis command, lie
had fled from Mexico and oponod a
gaming house in Philadelphia. Ha not
only started a newspaper but bo manu-
lacturod ink and portumery. ben bis
power press arnved Irom Baltimore be
set it np himself, and he set np all tbo
composition on his paper, llo bad no
help on the paper but a small colored
boy. Gonoral Vickers succeeded in ex
posing him, and ho left Chostcrtown,
returning to Philadelphia, where he es
tablished a faro bank. Mr. Torbort
said that Crawford was capsblo ot do-
ing many things. He was an able
speaker and writor, and was a brilliant
talker, so that bo deceived them all.
Captain W.I). llurcbinal, deputy col
lector, stated to the reporter that bo
know urawlord well, llo resided in
Chostortown about three years and for
a time wielded considerable influonco
in Kont llo could talk to a physician
about modicine, to a lawyer about law
and to a preacher on theology. U is
attainments woro varied and Lis abili
lies of such a character as to enable
him to do most anything. For a time
ho was respected, but bis gaming and
wild habits and loose financial transac
tions soon brought him to grief. He
was satisfied ol what bo knew ot the
man tbat thoro was nothing inconsis
tent in tbe theory tbat he is Osman
Pasha.
INTERNATIONAL EXHIBI
TION.
ITS PA8T, PRESENT, AND FUTURE.
When, on November 10. 1870, the
curtain full upon tbe glorious t 'en ten
nial Exhibition, thoso present on that
august and memorable occasion feared
that the beautiful, one might almost
say magical, creation, in tlio varied de
lights of which thoy had been reveling
for months, had vanished forever. How
poignant then came tho regret that so
many nnparalleled opportunities for
instruction had passed by unheeded ;
that so many multiform objects of beau
ty and ot esthetic charm wore to bo
numbered among the things ot tho
post; that all that splendid ingather
ing of the world's skill, art, and cun
ning handicraft wero to be numbered
among tho things of tho past, and all
vanish "liko tho baseless fabric of a
vision."
Even at tbe very timo, bowover, the
projection of its worthy successor, tho
present more permanent Exhibition,
bad bcon conceived in thoughtful minds.
The great Conlennial Exposition, whoso
matchless creations and attractions
had astonished two hemispheres, em
brand such surpassing mants, so many
clustering memories, and so many in
structive features which ministered to
mnn's best culture and olovation, thai
they wore promptly bidden to sUy
ith us, end all tbis wealth of beauty
to "becomo a joy forever."
It was but a brief period thereafter,
that tho pleasing announcement was
heralded fur and near that a permanent
International exhibition was to spring
from the ashes of a doad past ; that all
tho prominent and attractive features
of our World's Fair were to be retained ;
tbat the lame spirit of devotion, of oolf
sAcrifleo, and of wondrous porsislenco.
which, in spite of overy obstacle and
discouragement, had brought if out ot
nothing to such a glorious future and
to such a triumphant conclusion, wore
engaged in behalf of tlio new enterprise.
lb ib not ai an nueeiwuiry in una con
nection to say anything additional con
cerning the late Centennial Exhibition.
Its memories are hallowed, and it is
now enshrined in the affections nf mil
lions ol the American people. No in
fluence can offace the pride, pleasure,
and satisfaction with which it was seen,
studied, and enjoyed. A whole nation
roeo to call it blest It will endure
throughout tbe lifetime of tbe genera
tion which saw It, and knew it, as a
hoautiful, patriotio, and cherished mem
ory. The lesson taught by it wore
of inestimable value. It placed before
our own people, as a icbool for their
inttruction, A display vast and varied
beyond til precedent, comprising the
industries of the world, and including
almost every product known to science
and to Art. It taught ni in what line
of art and industry others excel ns, and
thus had a constant tendoncy to excite
onr Ambition And to stimulate our skill.
Exhibitions have become an estab-
bjlUj?or in vnnAnrn nivltivfltirin fr
impossiUlu .ut luo' iiuu.e ,eei2
grasp overy division of knowledge.
ilonco universities, libraries, and lec
tures, are now practically open to all ;
but tlio greatest system of what may
bo called eye or object duco.Uoo. ijira . ,
pliod in the one word exhibition.
Tho South Kensington Museum ot Eng
land, for instance, with its elevating
and quickening influence permeating
lurougn an classes ot society in -England,
is, beyond all question, the most
powerful instrument towards the ac
quisition of general knowledge in that
country. It was but tbe offspring of
the great World's Fair of 1851, and
was established for the beneficent pur-
fiose of prcsoving and keeping for pub
ic inspection and study the more prom,
inont and important instructive objects
and processes which bad only been
casually examined by so many; the
mighty achievement of science, art, and
industry, already forgotten, and the
innumerable productions of human in
genuity, which should have been but
were not made familiar to all. With
the same nobis and comprehensive pur
pose in view, the projoet of a Perman
ent International Exhibition was con
ceived, and In spite of tbe many and
great difficulties in tbe path of the en
terprise, tbe disturbed condition of
business and finance all over tho land,
and tbo usual misapprehensions which
beset all such schemes, tbo Interna
tional Exhibiton Company secured
their charter, and succeeded in obtain
ing sufficient capital for their mighty
project, and day by day the labor of
refitting the splendid structure for its
now varied uses, rearranging courts
and pavilions, receiving new exhibits,
and rehabilitating the old ones which
were to be retained, so rapidly pro
gressed that on tho 10th of May, 1877,
the first anniversary of the formal open
ing of tbe Centennial Exhibition and
tbo day fixed for tbe opening of the
now Exhibition, everything was in per
fect readiness for tbe triumphant in
augural. It was wisely decided to concentrato
the entire Exhibition nndor one roof,
and for that purpose the Main Exhibi
tion Building was purchased from the
Centennial Commission. By this means
that utter prostration of physical ener
gies which nearly every ono of ns ex
perienced during tho Centennial, in en
deavoring to grasp within our mental
vision tho innumerable objects or inter
est scattered throughout the many
buildings all ovor the grounds, obviated.
Here, within tho compose of ono build
ing, have been collected tho choicest
and the most prominent of all tho rare
exhibits that graced tho Centennial.
Tho experience gained lost year was
taken advantage Ol, and overy effort
mado to remedy the many defects so
palpable in the previous arrangements.
In a word, by utilizing the vast ma
chinery set in motion by the Centen
nial, and by improving and modifying
tho details wherever found nccossary,
a Permanent International Exhibition
was inaugurated, entirely worthy of
tho now departure which our nation
took when it entered upon the second
century of its existence. Exhibition
Bulletin. -
UNITY OF CREATION.
All the revelations of soienco go to
demonstrate tbe unity of creation, and
the arrangement of its various king
doms into an organ io whole, with in
termediate gradations, by which one
kingdom passes insensibly to another.
Tbe human frame itself is composed of
organisms of various degrees of fine
ness, from the delicate substances of
the brain down to hard and almost
lifeless bone, and they are interwoven
one with another in the most marvel
ous manner. All animals are like men
in structure and physiological luno
tions. Vegetables resemble animals
in various respects. They bave in a
modified way an arrangement of parts,
and a digestion, circulation and respi
ration like tbat of animals. Minerals
spontaneously crystallize into forms
omniating those ot vegetables, lhey
make np tho substances ot vegetable
matter, and through it help to compose
tbo animal frame. Nor was It an al
together unreasonable fancy which
saw in this great globe Itself, with its
ceaseless motion and flux and reflux of
forces, a living animal. The evapora
tion of its waters, thoir descent in snow
and rain, and their return in countless
brooks and rivers to tbo ocean, are the
circulation of its blood ; the winds that
sweep over it are its breath of lifo ;
and tho silent decay and renewal
which go on npon its surface its waste
and digestion, Tho distinction, again,
between solids, liquids and gases is one
of degree, and not of kind. A littlo
more or a littlo less heat is ali that
makes tho difference botween them,
and mattor is constantly passing from
one of thoso forms into another. The
forces of nature, too, we now know to
be but modifications of one common
forco hont, light, electricity, rnagnot
ism and chemical affinity being mutu
ally interconvertible. 'Ibe waves of
air which produce sound are paralleled
on the one sido by tho circles which a
stone makos when thrown into still
water, and on the othor by tbe vibra
tions of an invisihlo medium which
reaches to tlio stars, and constitutes
the vehicle of light. The phenomena
of electricity, magnetism and gravita
tion point to tlio existence of a yet
subtle fluid, tbo characteristics of which
are still undiscovered. Since, therefore,
the wbolo universo, as seen by the aid
ot aciunco, reveals a common plan, it is
unreasonable to draw the line at a par.
ticular point and say that here that
plan ends and something distinctly dif
ferent begins its sway. Is it not more
philosophical to concludo that the
world beyond the grasp of the physi
cal senses resembles that within it,
that tho soul is like the body in con
struction and operation, and that it is
affected by agencies similar to those
by which tlio body is affected, than to
suppose everything ol a spiritual na
ture to be so completely discriminated
from tho rest of orontion that we can
form no conception of it f North Amer
ican Review.
Dyino or Starvation. The editor
of the Madras Times, wbo is a member
of tho Ruliof Committee, writes undor
date of Aug, 1, as follows: "Tho pop
ulation in South India, more or loss af
flicted by famine, numbors 24,000,000.
In tbe most Invorable circumstances at
least one-sixtb of the people will die.
The famine is nnmeosurebly greater
than was that in Bengal, in Madras
no camp of 3,000 rises morning aflor
morning without leaving 80 corpses.
I n the interior the distress is most foar
tnl. One gentleman passing down
valley in the Wyraad district counted
20 dead bodios on ths road. A 00 (Tee.
planter seeking shelter from the rain
in a hut found six decomposing corpses
in it. On any day and every day
mothers mny be seen in ths streets of
Madras ottering their children foraalo.
whilo the foundling portion ot the poor
house is full ot inlanls found by tbe
police on the roads deserted by thoir
parents. Bines the famine commenced
600,000 people have died of want and
dislroat. Tbe first big tragedy may
be expected in Mysore. In that Frovl
nence, indeed, information bas reached
me from Bangalore ol two cases of oon
nibnllsm already."