'I !
TUB
-CLEARFIELD REPCBLICAIV
QOODLANDER & LEE,
CLKARFIBLD, PA.
EITABIIIUED IN 18T.
TUe, terreet ClretUtlon iru; Newspaper)
Terms of Subscription.
If paid In edveaoe, or wlthla I .0Dthl.. n
W beid after I and before -oolh...... 0
If pent alter ..,!. oeV---B UO
Bates ot Advertising.
Tranalent advertleemeaU, per equate of 10 llnoior
lee., I time, or lew $1 ell
For each .ubaeqoentiuaertloll to
Admlniatretore' and Kieeator.' notice.. t SO
Aedilore' Botiee ...... 1 60
Caatione and Bstreya 1 AO
Dieeolution notion. I 00
Profeaeional Carde, I Hdm or lee.,1 voir.... a 00
Local Botieo.,per lino SO
YBAHLY ADVBRTLSKMBNTS.
I aqflare. ..t8 00 I ootumn.. fSS 00
t e.uare.........H..Ia 00 toolumn.... 70 00
I .duarce... ..30 00 1 1 oolamnM.........U0 00
O. B. QOODLANDER,
NOKL B. LKB,
Publl.here.
Cards.
On PRINTING OP EVERY DK8Cn.II
I tioa neatly eKeeatad at thla affioa.
s.
BROCKBANR,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
CLEARFIELD, PA.
Offlaa ta Court Ilouie.
ap JS,77-ly
vi. HocuLLouea, raBD. o l. bvce.
MlClLLUllil. & r.U'k.
ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW,
Clearfield, Pa.
All legal bu.lne.a promptly attended to. Offlca
a Beeoad atreet, ia tbo Maaooie building.
jaaio.'ir
. W. C. ARNOLD,
LAW & COLLECTION OFFICE,
CURWENP-VILLK,
aSO Clearflald Conou, Penn'e. Jay
craua soaoov.
MURRAY & GORDON,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW.
CLEARFIELD, PA.
Offio in !. Open Uoai, iMond floor.
9-M'U
FRANK FIELDING,
ATTOUNEY-AT-LAW,
Clearfield. Pa.
Will ttteod to all bui.iiMf ant rutted to him
promptly and faithfully. no J lilt
WILLIAM A. WAILAC1.
RAaar p. wallacb.
ItATID h. K Ratal.
JOHN W. WRIQLR Ti
WALLACE &. KREBS,
Suwwfor to Wallace k fielding,)
ATTOUNKYS-AT-LAW,
ll-ll'M Clearfield, Pa.
ofltrB b. b'bsallv. d&nirl W. H'CI'BDT.
MoENALLY & McCURDY,
A TTO H N E Y S- A T-L A V ,
Clearfield. Pa.
fiVLtgul bnaioeaa attended to promptly iritfaj
fldelity. Office oa tieeuod llroet, above the Fint
National Baitk. jaa:l:7A
G. R. BARRETT,
Attorney and Counkklor at Law.
clearfield, pa.
tlavinit raignd hip Juilgenhip, has retained
the practieo of the law ia hi old office at Clear
field, Pa. Will attend the eoorte of JetTorioo and
Klk ooantiet wbea ipocially retained in connection
with rendent eonoiel. j:n:.a
A."G. KRAMER,
ATTOBSEY-AT-LAW,
Real Eitate and Collection Agent,
CI.EAKFIEI.I), PA.,
Will promptly attend to all legal buiinoit a
traded to hii care.
-Offlce in Pio'i Opera Hoae. Janl'7.
H. W. SMITH,
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
tl:l:TS riearllatd. Pa.
WALTER BARRETT,
ATTORNEY AT LAW.
Clearfield, Pa.
tT-Offioa la Old W.il.rn Ilutel bulldlag,
toro.r of BaoOBd and Maraat 8t. aovll,O0.
ISRAEL TEST,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Clearfield, P..
pfoatt la tha Court Hobh. Jjrll
M
REED & IIAGEKTY,
dbalbks ir
HARDWARE, FARM IMFLEMENTS,
Tluware, Nalla Ac.!
aagt.'77 8efl(ad Street, Clear field, Pa.
JOHN L. CUTTLE,
ATTORNEY AT LAW.
Vnd Heal K.tate At;elit, Clearfield, P..
Offlo. o. Third .tro.l, bat.Cb.rrj A Walnat.
fKR.ip.etrnUv eff.ri bl. ..rvtea. la .alllag
ud buylag laad. la Ol.arfl.ld aad adjolnioi
taoatl.i ; .ad with a .iparl.aoa ol ov.r tw.niv
.art a. aorvtor, flatter, blni.lf that bo ea.
reader ..tt.faotloa. IPob. :.M:lf,
J. BLAKE WALTERS,
REAL ESTATE BROKER,
AMD PRALBR IR
Haw Ijon and Iunibor,
CLKARFIKLD, PA.
Offloa lo Qrabaa'i Row. 1:26:71
J. J. LINGLE,
ATTORNEY-AT - LAW,
1:11 Oaceol., Clearfield Co., Pa. ?:pd
J. S. B ARNHART,
ATTORNEY - AT - LAW,
llellelonte, Pa.
Will practice la Clrarftald and all of the Court, of
tbo Zolb Judicial di.triet. Heal aviate au.in...
and eollootloo of claim, mad. ineciallie.. ol'7l
DR. W. A. MEANS,
PHYSICIAN A SURGEON
Ll'THKRHUL'Rll, PA.
Will attend profaiiionalaalli promptly. aujl0'70
' DR. T. J. BOYER,
PHYSICIAN AND SU RO EON,
OOlce oa Market Street, Clearleld, Pa.
ptroam hour.: I to 11 a. m , and I u B p. m
E. M. SCHEURER,
IIOMtSOPATHIO 1'IIVHICIAN,
Office I. re.ld.nee on Market at
April J4, U71. ClearllrldPa.
DR. J. P. BURC H FIEL D,
Lata Bargees of tba (Md Regiment, PenneylTania
Volaotaeri, baviag returned from tb Army,
fen hli profaiiional lerrleei to thaeitltena
of ClearBeld aconty.
Profeiiional ealli promptly aUended to.
Offlea Heoond e treat, formariyoaanpiea y
Dr.Woodi. tPr4'68u
DR. H. B. VAN VALZAH,
( I.P.ARI'IRI.P, PENN'A.
OFK1CB IN MASONIC BUILDING.
p OSoe boure Freaa It le I P. M.
May It, l7.
WILLIAM M. HENRY, Justice
of TB. Pbjicb aanScalvaaea, LIIMIIEH
CITY. Colleellona made and money promptly
paid over. Article, of agreement and deed, ot
euaveyanoe neatly aieeuted and warranted cor
rut er Be charge. HJe'H
J A M E S IhT LYTLE,
In Kratier'a nulldlnj, C leat field, Pa.
Draler la (Irocettea, Provletoaa, Yagetablea,
Fruit., Flour, Feed, etc., .to.
rH'7.f
HARRY SNYDER.
BAHUKIl AKU IIAIRDRKSHKR
Hhop ob Market St., eppoalta Coarl Hobh.
A eleaa towel for every euatoeaer.
Alao maBuractarer of
All klnda ef Arllrlea I llumau Hair.
Clearlirle.'Fe. may III, '71.
JOHN D. THOMPSON,
Juatiea ef tbe Peace anal Scrivener,
I'arwea.vUle, Pa
MuCollertleBi made aad aieaey promptly
Mid.ter. febll'Tltf
10IIN A. RTADLER,
V BAKER, Market St., Clratlrld, Pa.
Fmh Breed, Raak, Roll., Piat aad Cake,
oa band or mail, ta order. A general a..orlaneat
of ConlMtioaeriM, Frail, aad Kale la etock
'e. Crr.a ... Uyateri ia aeeera. Baloo. aearly
rpo.it, ib, Pollute.. Prieea aodrrste.
.r.k In "7J.
GEO. B. QOODLANDER, Proprietor.
VOL. 51-WII0LE NO.
Cards.
J
WATICEH' C()NtTARI,KH FEES
Wa hare printed a larva nam bar of tha ae
FKK BILL, and will oa the we.pt of twenty.
trm twmia. mall a Ann to any addraaii. tajvl
RICHARD HUGHES,
JUSTICE OF-THE PEACE
FOB
Decatur Totrnnhtp,
' O.o.ola Mill. P. O.
All official barlne. ontraited to him will be
promptly attended ta. vjohSO, '70.
FRANCIS coutriet;
MERCHANT,
Preuchrllle, rie.rflelil County, Pa.
Keep, eonitantly oa band a full MVortm.nt of
Drv Good., Hardware, (iroceriee, aad everrthing
B.ually bept in a retail .tore, which will be .old,
for ea.h, a. oheap a. .Uewher. in the eoontj.
Prenobrllle, June if, ltMMy.
THOMAS H. rORCEE,
DRALBB IB
GENERAL MERCHANDISE,
tiKAHAMTON, Pa.
Alao, cxt.n.iva m.nufaoturer and dealer In Pquare
Timber and bawed Lumber ot .11 Bind..
jMr-Ord.r. eollclted ami all bill, protnpll;
mfed. jyie-r
REUBEN HACKMAN,
House and Sign Painter and Paper
Hanger,
ClearOeld, Peuu'a.
WWIII eieeute lobe In bit line promptly and
In a worhtaanlike manner. arr4,67
G. H. HALL,
PRACTICAL PUMP MAKER,
NEAR CLKARFIKLD, PENICA. -er-OM'utnp.
always on hand and made to order
en abort notice. Pipe, bored on reaimnabl. terma.
All work warranted to rendor .atiilaellnn, and
delivered If de.lred. Bi;2s:lypd
E. A. BIGLER & CO.,
DBAIeBM IN
SQUARE TIMBER,
and manulacturer. of
AM. KINDS 111' MWEI lXMlll.lt,
l-f'71 CLEARFIELD, PKNN'A.
JAS. B. GRAHAM,
dealer in
Real Estate, Square Timber, Boards',
SHINflLKS, LATH, A TICKETS,
:lt'73 ClcardelJ, Pa,
WARREN THORN,
BOOT AND SnOE MAKER,
Market ft., t'learrleld, Pa.
In the abon lately oocutiied by Frank fiburt,
one door weat of Alleghany llou.e.
ASHLEY THORN,
ARCHITECT, CONTRACTOR and BUILDER.
Plane and Specification furninhed for all kin.ti
of buildingi. All work Bret olan. Blair but! I
log a tpecialty,
ecialty.
addreii, Clcarflrld, Pa. jaD.17-77tf.
r. u,
R. M. NEIMAN,
SADDLE and HAENESS MAKER,
Bumbarger. Clearfield Co., Pa.
ReMa hand all kindt f Haraail, Saddlea,
Bridlci, and llorie Furuiebioe; Uoodi. Hepairtng
promptly attended to.
laumnarger, ian. iv, ivwii.
JAMES MITCHELL,'
PBALRB IB
Square Timber & Timber Landn,
J.11'71 CLEAKFIKI.D, PA.
J. It. M'MURRAY
WILL SUPPLY YOll WITH ANY ARTICLE
OF MHHCIIANDIHEAT TUB VKHY LOWEST
PKICK. COMK AND KK. ::13j:
NEW WASHINGTON.
fjivery Ntable.
rrMlK underlined bega leaTeto Iniorm the pub-
L Ho that be n now lull- prepare w acoommo.
date all In the wav of turn i shin f lL.iei, Bueiriet,
tladdlei and Harneii, on tha ihorteit notice and
en rcaionahle termi. K eat 1 once un Locuit street,
between Third and Fourth.
WI'O. W. u EAItll A KT.
llMrffeld. Feb. 4. 174
I. SNYDER,
PIIACTICAL WATCHMAKER
4UD BBALBB IB
WstclicH, Clocks and Jowclry,
t7ralae.'e Rem, MarkH Strtlt,
i.KAm'ir.i.n, pa.
All klnda of repairing in my line promptly at-
ended to. April !, I7J.
NEW BOOT AND SHOE SHOP.
Tbe andtniitnrd would inform Ibe public that
ha hli rrmurrd bil Hoot and Hbcie S)np tn tha
room lately orcupifd b? J-n. Hearing, in Hhaw'i
How, Market itreet, whera lie U prepared to at
tend to the wmU of all who nee 1 anrlhing in hit
line. All work done by bun will be ol tbe beat
material, nnd guaranteed t" he flrt-elan In tvi ry
rraoeet. Henairtna aromntlr attendfd to. All
kioJa of Leather and .Shoe KindinR finale.
JOHN KOIIIKFKH
riearfiHJ, Pa , July 18, IH7T ttm.
WHOLESALE LIQUOR STORE
At the end of the new brlilge,
WEST f LKAHFIlil.D, PA.
Tl.e pronrietor of tbla eat.Ulahtnent will buy
bl. liquor, llroeirrom dlatillera. Partiee bovtng
from tbil bouee will be cure to get a pure article
at a .mall margin above oort. Hotel kerpcr. en.
be furniahed with liquor, on reaannable term..
Pare winee and brandie. direct from 8c Icy 'a
Vinery, at Datb, M.w York.
(1KOHUE N. COimiRN.
Clearteld, June 1, 1875 If.
Clearfield Nursery.
ENCOURAGE IIOMR INDUSTRY.
Till anderrlgaed, having eatal.li.bed a N ar
tery oa the Tike, aliuut half way netware
Cleaifl.ld and Curwrnavillp, la prejiared to far
Blab all kind, af FRUIT TKKKH, (atandard and
dwarf,) Errrgreeaa, fjlirubliery, Urape Vine.,
(Jooaoborry, Lewtna lllacbberry, Hlrawhrrry,
aad Kaepbeiry Via... A .o. rJiberi.n Crab Tree.,
Quince, and early aearlet Khub.rb, Ac. Order.
promptly att.Bded to. Addreae,
J. M. WIllnllT,
Curwrnavlile, Pa
aaptO J
ANDREW HARWICK,
Market Olreet. Clearfield. Pa.,
AauracTUaaa a.b nBALaa is
DARJ4ER8, SADDLES, I1IUDLKS, COLLARS,
aad all kind, of
ov.oeT rvHxisnist hoods.
A full Mock of Saddler.' Hardware, Itru.h..,
Comb., IM.akela, Robe, etc., lway. on bend
and for al. at tb. low.at eaah price. All kiada
of repairing promptly allendi-d to.
All kind. f bl.I.e Inken in earbange rr nar-
aea. and repairing. All kind, of b.rnru Irathor
kept oa bend, and for eel at a amall proflt.
Uleara.lil, jaa, iv, .cio.
E. WARING'S
LAW BLANKS
Fr aale at the Cleerlleld Rari-Bticaa offioe.
Tht mott i'omplrlr Srrtt or Iam
lllnnkt pubiimta.
Tba. m.r,ka are lottrn bp Ib raperlor ityle,
are of Balform alee, aod fnrnlabed at eery low
(garee for eaah.
r.ll at the RaerBi.tr.B efBre aati eiamlae
theai. Ordert by ajall promplly flleJ-
Addreel tiuui'liAnr'nr m
Jaly , l77 II. Cl.ari.id, Pa.
8,
LEARFIELD
2,533.
TAKiya USURIOUS INTEREST
WM. DUNCAN A BROTH RR V8. Till FIRST
NAT L BANK OF MOV NT PLEASANT.
loan aotion under tbe loth section of the National
Honk Law or June .1, Iftflt, to recover from
bnnk the penalty for taking naurlou. Interval
Mttii
I. Special Aeta of Aaaembly, aulhoritine eertaii
banka to charge . higher rate of latere.! IhaB
.ia per cent. aply only to auch baoka aa were
ereaiea ny litem.
t. That Congre.. drala with general rule, reeuiat
ing banki and Ibe rate of latere.! to be charged.
ine rale ot inioreet la rennaylvanla being al:
percent, tbe taking more tbaa thla amount 1
uaury,aad i. prohibited by tbo National Hank.
ing uv.
S. Where more than ail per cent. ha. been paid.
tbe borrower, or hi. legal repreaeatative, may
recorer back from .aid bank, ia aa action for
debt, double tbe amouat of intereat thua paid
orrctameu : -reeiem, euit I. eommeaoed wlin.
in two year, from tbe time the uauriou. trana.
action occurred.
lit the United Stall District Court
of tlio V cstern Distrkt of rcimsylva-
nia.
Action to recover tlio ponalty (or
tuKing OHUi ioug iniercHU
dekindant's offf.r.
Tlio counsol for tlio Defendant now
oiler to show tliat since the year 1SC9.
tlio following State liunka of itwuo have
been orynnncd in tlio Btnlo of Ponn
hv Ivumu under the laws ol said State
Tbo Manayunk Bunk, tlio Bank of
America, tlio l'ooplo s Hank, tbo Unit
ed States Dunking Company, the
ShackamaxHon Hunk, the i-'L'd Ward
Hank, tbo West rinladelphia Dank
the Iron Dunk of Philadelphia, the
Iron Dunk of Phtpnixvillo, the Stato
iNnlionnl Dank, tbe Tenth Ward Dank
of Pittsburgh, thoPcnn Dank of PitU-
burib, the Uilv Dank of Scran ton. the
btalo Hunk ol JJeluwaro, the Hutekers
and Drovers' Hunk, tbo Market Dank,
the Uuukcr Dunk, tbe J' ranklin Dank
tbo West End Dunk, of Philadelphia,
the Southward Daiikini? Comnanv.
l nut cacn ono 01 emu banks wub or-
ganir.cd prior to January 1st, 1873, and
carried on btisincas under said orgntuza
lions ana laws until January 1st, 1B7B
and with tbo exception of tbo Tenth
aid Hank, tbe Dutchcrs and Drovors
Hunk and Market Hunk, still carry on
sain DUKinesx.
Tbut tbo rate ol interest by the laws
of the Stato of Pennsylvania limited to
these several banks at the tune ot, and
oven sinco (heir organization, wussucb
an amount of interest as should bo
agreed upon between tho bank and the
borrower or customer.
Tb is in connection with the evidenco
already in and hereafter to bo offered,
showing that tho I''irHt National Hank
ol Jilt, l'leasant, tbo Defendant,
l'K'ittcd in Pennsylvania ; and that all
tho inlorest charged the Plaintiira, for
which this action is brought, was at a
rate agreed upon between tbo said
Plaintiffs and Ihosaid Delendunt bank
Objected to :
1st, Decauso evidence us to (ho pow
ers oi particular banks incorporated
under special acts of incorporation is
irrelevant.
2d. Dccauseitisincompotcnttoufl'ect
tlio construction ol tbe Act ol Conjrrc
in question by evidence of particular
laws.
3d. Becatne thoro is no offer to show
that tho particular charters referred to
belong to any general class, or are
oilier than private acts ot bruited ap
plication.
. 4 lb. Decauso where no rate ol inter
est is limited, as In the charters offered,
tho Act of Congress itself Axes tho rate
oi inlorest
5lli. liccnuso generally incompetent
anil irrelevant.
Objections suslninod.
Exceptions by Defendant
March 12, J 877.
Wn. Duncan & ISro. vs. Tin First
Nat'l Hank of Mt. Pleasant.
No. 12 May Term, 1870.
liF.NJAMIN Mv.I.l.lKOER VS. SaMI.
No. 13 Mny Term, 1876.
Charge of the Court by Kolcbam, J.
March ia, 1877.
Grntlfmrn of Ihe Jury :
These are cases brought by the Plain
(id's to recover from the Defendant tbo
penalty for taking usurious interest,
under the thirtieth section of tbo Na
tional Dunk Law of Juno 3, 18(14
By agreement of counsel both these
cases, William Duncan rV Hrother, and
Benjamin Mellingcr, are tried by you
toL'etlier.
The Plaintiffs, as you havo seen in
the courso ot tlio testimony, at diller
ent times borrowed money of (ho De
fendant Duncan A Brother at threo different
(imcs: $500 on January 30, 1873 ; t l,
000 on July 9, 1873, and ,500 July 18
1873. Denjitmin Mellingor borrowed
MM January 27, 1873, and $27-1.35
January 15, 1 H . .
At tbo tuno of tbo loan in each case
the hunk retained nino per cent, as
discount, and credited the Plaintiffs
with tho balance, taking their notes
respectively for tho full amount of tbo
proceeds anil discount Tho notes of
Duncan Hrollicr wero not paid at
maturity, but were renewed Irom time
to timu : Tho flint note ol $500, of
January 30, I8i J, was renewed till the
lull ot 18i4. It had been reduced by
payments to tho sum of $150. Tho
nolo of July 8, 1873, for $1,(100, was
renewed till October, 1874. I lie note
of July IS, 1873, for $500, wub renewed
until November, 1871.
At each renewal nino per cent, inter
est was charged, and wus paid by tho
I'litinlitls.
Theso notes wore all sued and judg
ment obtained upon them for tho lace
of tho notes, or principal, before tho
bringing of this suit.
Tho Mullingcr notes wero renewed :
Tho noto of January 27, 1873, for $250,
from timo to timo, till March, 1874,
when it was paid in full.
1 he noto ol January lu, in. :, lor
$274.35, was ronowed al (ho end of
Hi roe monllts lor two mondis, and then
for one month, and remained unpaid
(ill suit was brought upon it. Judgment
was obtuincd upon it for tho full
amount and interest from maturity till
judgment. Interest was charged at
each renewal at nino per cent. io
credit was given on the principal, of
any payment of Interest, by way of re
ducing tho principal of oithcr of tho
notes of Mellingcr, or Duncan 6t tiro
Judgment was entered lor the notes
in lull, independent ol interest ; anil
the notes tliut Mellingcr paid, he paid
in full, without reduction of nny pay
ment made as interest.
The nino per cent, (hat had been
paitl and returned was left cn(irely out
of the computation.
Tbo Act of Congress permits tlio Na
tional Banks to chargo (he ru(o of In
terest fixed by law in the Sla(o where
(hey aro lx-u(cd, and no more; except
that when by (ho laws of any Stato a
different into Is limited lor banka of,
isstio, organiicd under Stato laws, tbo
rato so limited shall bo allowed for as
sociations organized or cxisUng In any
such Stato under this title.
The legal rato of in(crest tn Pennsyl
vania is six per cent Tbo ra( ol dip
count allowed to banks of issue is also
six per cent and no moro. It Is truo
thero are some hanks that, by special
CLEARFIELD,
Act of Assembly are allowed (o charge
moro, but these are exceptions to tbe
general law of the Stato. Congress
deals with genorai law applicable to
tbe wholo Stute, and relating to bunks
of issuo all ovor the Stato.
Tho spocial Acts authorizing banks
oi issuo, ii tnoro are any, apply only to
tho particular banks created by them,
or permitted by thorn to luko more
than six per cent, and these laws are
laws unto ihose banks only.
The gonoral Banking Law of Penn
sylvania prohibits tho taking of more
than aix per cont. discount Tbe Na
tional Banking Law prohibits a Na
tional Bank in Pennsylvania from tak
ing more.
In case a greater rate of inlorest has
boon paitl, the person by whom it has
been paid, or his legal reprosonta(ive,
may recover baolc in- an aetlon fn4he
nature of an action ol debt, twice the
amount of tbo interest thus puid, from
tho association taking or recovering
the same ; provided such action ia com
menced within two years Irom the
time tho usurious transaction occurred.
From tho origin ot the loan ; from
tho retaining of the first discount
through all tho renewals, up to tbo
timo of final payment of the principal,
or up to the timo of ontoring judgment,
thoro iB a locut pentilcntia lor tho party
taking the excessivo interest, and any
time till then he may consider tho ex
cessive interest as paid on aocount of
the loan, and so apply it, and lessen
the principul. Up to that time ho may
make this election.
Whon payment is actually made, or
judgment is entered, tho election is
mauo, and it, as in theso cases, iudc
ment is entered for tho full amount of
tho notes ; or full amount of tho loan
or payment la taken in full without
any reduction by taking out tho exces
sive inlorest, tbe cause of action it
complete
Tho original loans in theso cases
were more than two years before theso
actions wore brought but the payment
ol ono ot tbe Mellingor notos was made
and tho judgment on the other Melling
cr noto, and tlio jnugmonta on all tho
Duncan & Drothor notos were entered
near the timo of bringing those suits,
less than two years bolore. Tho pay-
ment and the judgments canceled the
transaction and determined their char
acters to bo usurious.
Till that time it was undetermined,
nnd the statute did not begin to run.
Theso actions were brought Februa
ry 1, 1876. The Mellingcr nolo paid
in March, 1874. The judgment against
Mellingor, and thoso against Duncan
Hrother were obtained before Feb. 1,
6. Sothatthoy aro within the statuto.
The Mellingor noto paid was not
paid in monoy direct, but by the pro
ceeds of another note, niado by another
person, and endorsed by Mellingcr.
Ibis was not a renewal, but payment
It closed out tho old note und com
menced anothor transaction on a differ.
ercnl pioco of papor, with different
parties, under dilluront liabilities. Ine
DefondunU (rea(ed it as p&ymont, and
niado tbe entries in their books accord
inirly.
The amount of interest charged in
these cases is computed, and is agreed
upon by tho counsel of both parties as
correctly computed. It amounts in
tbe case ol Benjamin Mellingor to
$.18.02. In the case of Wm. Duncan &
Brother to the sum of $629.01.
It is tbe amount of interest retained
and paid upon each of the notes sued
by Delendunt, up to tbe entry ol Judg.
ment, and upon the note paid by Mel
linircr to tho timo of the payment
You Will find double the amount in
each case for tho Plaintiffs respectively,
V erdicts lor Plamtills lor $1,25(1.92
BREAD MAKING.
Vor a long time nothing has been
said in the Household columns upon
this all important subject. lot recruits
are all tho time coming forward, who
wisb to be told minutely just now to
make bread, wbat yeast to uso, linw,
and when, and whore to set the
'spongo, or bread bolter, for its first
rising, when and how long to knead
tho dough, when and how to mako.
nnd bake tho loavos.
It seems to tho uninitiated a very
formidablo undertaking, requiring pe
culiar judgment and discretion; yet it
cannot bo very difficult to learn, else
how does it happen that this little girl
near mo, just past her eighth birth
day has made ten or a dozen goodly
hutches of bread within a half year,
and nover a sour, or heavy, or (ough
loaf In nil that sho has ever made. Tbo
manipulation was nil her own, but
mother's "judgment" was always at
land and irecly used. J ho tlrst sponiro
was set in a pint basin, but every one
sinco has been sufficient for At least
thrco common bread-tin loaves. No
Kinder-irartcning at our houso has
proved moro entertaining, and per
haps nono more profitable than bread-
making. A least ono Doy has learnod
tho art as a pastime, and whatever
may be his future lot, need never starvo
lor good, light bread, wnon proper ma
terials can bo obtained. It is really
help, too, for a mother, when her chil-
Iren, with clean bands and cnocrlul
hearts, work at tho bread dough, with
wholesome ambition tn produce tho
wcotnst, and lighten, and nncst png-
blo loaves oi bread.
There are many ways of making
good yeast bread. The very best, in
my opinion, is mixed witn irosn, swoct
milk. Many considor tweet skimmed
milk with a little butter melted in it,
ust about as good, but if you add tho
butter, thoro is no economy in stil-
stittiting skimmed milk for fresh. Tho
far lamed 1 arkcr llonse bread la mado,
am told, of simply yeast, flour, and
water, and I am very certain that de
licious bread, sweet, light, and tender,
can be mado from theso Ihroo things
alono, when they are ol good qnably,
and carefully and skillfully used. This
care and skill any well-disposed child
can learn, so no housckoepor must con
sider it beyond her attainments.
Many good recipes lor yeast aro
given in books nnd papers, and evory
neighborhood has housekeepers who
mako excellent yeast I always use,
of Into, some form ol dry yeast, such
as any grocery store will furnish. It
costs no more than borne made yeast,
and saves a deal of care in either hot
or freezing wentbor, requiring only a
dry place for storage. It is quite as
good as jug yeast.
It is usually most convenient to be
gin the brend-maklng, or "set tbo
spongo," at (light, and so get (ho bak
ing done early the next day, but it can
all be dono in tho same day, if desired,
hy beginning before breakfast. This
brings the baking late in the day, and
most of us do not liko It- At night, or
in tho ovenirg, we make a solt bat
ter of warm water and tlotir and
yeast, the qtiantHy of each depending
upon (he number of loaves desired.
Tho proportions are generally too
samo, though no preciso rulo can be
given, as flour and yeast differ in their
pioperties. , .
tiH REP
i
PRINCIPLES, NOT MEN.
PA., WEDNESDAY, AUGUST iuT' 1877. -
Miss Beocher says (hat it takes
about a quart of flour to make-each
loaf, and lor four loaves a quart of wot
ting. But loavos vary in sizo. For a
baking of this1 size, you nood about
inroe-lourths oi a cake ol good dry
yeast in summer, in wlntor a whole
cake. This vtnst must be soaked in
warm wator nflf an hour or loss be
fore using. Tie yoast will not work
if scalded. Algill of lively, solt, or
baker's yeast, fnswort for tbo same
sizod baking. fTake a portion of your
flour, (say two quarts) and (if you do
as I do) pour half of your wotting into
it coning not, amy scalding about hall
of your wotting, into it boiling hot,
only scalding apout half of tho flour
you use in the spongo. Use the other
half of the wetjjng lukewarm, and see
that the batter liolow the scalding
point when yri add the yeast. In
summer yon make tho spongo at a
lower lompcradire han in winter, but
it should never bo cold. Make it of
such thickness tbut it will not separate
or becomo watory over the top, but
nun enough to stir anc pour easily.
Set In a warm place, covered loosely
wrapped tip warm in winter.
In a warm kitchen tha spongo rises
in Irom tbroo to five bom's : if the ma
terials are good, it seldom sours during
the night, but must bo looked after
very early, and if light, mist be knead
ed without delay. Some kousekcopors
stir dissolved soda into r., always, at
tins point, wliotber It is sour or not,
but this iB sheer folly. If the flour
and yeast aro good, it is very seldom
that a good housekeeper has occasion
to put any soda Into her broad. If,
the bread smells sour, (not simply
yeasty), or tnstos sour, pit in dissolv
ed soda in the proportion ill a teaspoon
ful to a quart of wetting used in tho
sponge. Dissolve (ho s-ida in warm
water or sweet milk, (und I add to it
two heaping spoonfuls of sugar), and
stir it into the sponge betiro kneading.
Stir in flour until your batter is too
stiff for your strong spocn, then begin
to work with your hauls, koeping
flour between your handi and tho soli
dough, and always betwetn tho dough
and board. As soon as tho bread is
stiff enough to knead without sticking,
ccaso lo work in flour, but knead with
as little flour as possblo upon tho
board, and work it turd with tbo
hands for at least half in hour. The
"Parker House" baker says bo kneads
two hours, but of courso be mokes lor-
gor "batches." Put the dough back
into tbo pan or tray, and keep it warm
The dough should now; riso until it
doubles in sizo. It must rise enough
or it will not bo light and clastic in
texture. Jt must not rise too much,
or it will lose tbo natural swuetness ol
tho wheat, and about all that one can
say here is, "culliva(o judgment" If,
at this stage tho bread turns sour in
any degree, it is still possible to neu
tralize the acidity by tbo use ot soda,
and this is the best way to do it: mix
soda and dry flour (ogodior, and knead
them Into your loaves very thorough,
ly. The dotiorh require; a Tory thor
ough kneading, without more flour,
when made into loavos, in order to se
cure a uniform texture. If vou nlan
lour loaves, you may knead half of it
lor a fow minutes, tiion work the other
ball as long, and then divide into sep
arate loaves, and knead each one well
before putting it into the well-buttered
tins. If tho dough is sour, half a tea-
spoon I ii I ol aoda tor each lout should
be mixed with a little Hour and knead
cd in. Though the bread may bo nice,
1 nover loci that 1 havo been very suc
cessful when I havo had to uso soda.
Tho loaves should bo set in a warm
place, and allowod to riso light, or
doublo in sizo, beloro they go into tho
ovon not too light, as they aro pret
ty sure to rise a little utter they go in
to tho oven, unless tho ovon is too hot
for bread. I'nck tho loaves on the
top with a fork or knilo, when light,
boloro baking, to prevent a looso up
per crust. Dako steadily for an hour
or a little longer, according to tho sizo
of tho loaves. Faith Rochester, in Amer
ican Agncvlturm.
LABOIl FINGER-BOARDS.
Fow public journals and fewer public
men aro now willing to tell tho exact
truth, and tbo whole truth, as tbe
causes and consequences of the general
labor slriko, that begun in lawlessness.
continued in desolation and death, and
ended in the always inevitable triumph
of the law. If tho press and political
leaders bad been honest with working
men, they would huvo saved millions
which havo been wasted in wanton idle
ness, dissipation and violence.
Tho strike that is about closed has
cost labor immediately not less than
two millions of dollars in direct Ions of
employment J has cost inculculubly in
demoralization and distrust, and will
yet cost it much moro in making rest!
tution lor tho destruction ol property
by the mob spirit thai wus brod Irom
its disorder. The men who havo boon
sowing tho seeds of turbulence among
labor tiir years, and insensibly infected
it with disregard for law and unjust
prcjndico against capital, were not
amoug thoso who met tbo bullets of
troops or the maces of policemen. They
distemper tho mind of labor, and flee
when the first cloud of danger disap
pears, 1 bey hvo on tho sweat ol labor;
teach it tho rulo of bruto force ; bund
It in associations bound by oaths which
impose lawless duties; collect its tithes
and livesuuiptuously thereon ; huckster
Us votes in the political market-places,
and trado for cask and plunder on tho
power of the associated lubor thoy pro
less to own.
During twenty years of more or less
active participation in the political
struggles of Pennsylvania, we cannot
recall a ainglo important contest in
which the speculative labor huckster
did not offer tho votes of his followers
to ono or both parties for a price ; and
many times ho has told I hem to both
sides without delivery (o cUhor. Wo
do not conjecture or (nko up outside
campaign rumors on this point ; but
we speak advisedly whon we say that
tbo lubor political hucksters, generally
embracing those most tiuslud by tho
associations they profess to lead, ap
pear in the political markctas regularly
as tho chestnuts aro ripened by the
autumn n-osts. VI course, theso state
ments do not apply to tlio reputable
Trades Unions of tho cities, but ta a
few B(raggling organiza(ions in the
cites and towns and tbo sworn associa
tions in (he mining regions.
There has not been a seriously con
tested election in this Stato during tho
Inst ten years, without ono or mora
positive purchases of mining labor or
ganizations from their Icadora, for
money, ollicos, pardons, Ao. In most
cases both parties to the contract
cheated each other all that they could,
but some votes and some compensation
wore alwaysaecurcd. (iovernor tionry
was a member of the socrct ordor that
was supposed to command tho voUisof
associated lalior, and he appointed la
bor leaders, pardoned labor rioters, in
spired hopes among Industrial classes
which were as tho wildest dreams, and
dreamed himself tho wild dream that
ho would thus becomo Prosi Jont Gov
ernor llartranft did not associate or
bargain with them, but ptlicrs did for
him, and imposed upon bim somo most
ungracious obligations which ho reluct
antly porlormed, and he is now garn
ering the harvest at Sc run ton.
All political parties have fuarod Ihe
power of associated labor, and each has
pundored to it to tho utmost that deceit
and falsehood could be employed, with,
out forcing capital and law-loving citi
zens into organized revolt We have
soon scorosof party plullorms fashioned
and do not remember when the makers
took a thought as to tho real interests
of labor, or considered anything boyond
what furco would bo most attractive
for tho lubor galleries for tbut season
Indeed ever since labor has associated
its people under political leaders who
runt on tbo stump, and invont eublimo
degrees to bind their subjects, and ply
Iho arts of the demagogue in tho secret
councils ot workingmun, politicians
have treated tho lubor clement merely
as a comerciul commodity, to bo pur
chased with ofllco for tho ambitious,
money for tho venal, immunity for tho
vicious and Mattery for fools.
So much for tho pust. Tho present
tells its own story of bow men shall
reap as they havo strewn.
'1 ho luturo is pluin to all who view
it without passion or prejudice Tho
legislation of States, and of Iho nation
as well, that must follow tho present
disturbed condition ot industry and
trado, will bo directed, first of all, to
tho protection of capital. Partisan
nowspupcrs and candidates for public
favor will not Bay so ; but if thoy shull
say aught elso, they will deliberately
violate tho truth. The best and purest
statesmanship of tho country will be
directed to the safety ol capital as tbo
basis of common prosperity as tho
safety of our industry. If it shall not
ho dune, hundreds of millions of foreign
capital will bo withdrawn fruni our
country, and ovcry dollar recalled to
tbo Old World will bo a blow at (be
thrift of our labor. It will bo dono,
ulno, because tho tufcty of free govern
ment is tho supremacy ot law, and tbo
law must cquully shield tho owner of
capital and (bo owner ol labor, each to
do as ho or they will in tho legitimate
fu -suits ol' 1Kb. This is the inexorable
uw ot necessity, and even tho blatant
demagogues who haranguo lubor with
incendiary speech to breed lawlessness,
will be the first to bow to it. It would
bo much moro agreeablo to tlio present
inflamed mind of labor to say that lubor
will rulo tho land and mako its own
luws for tho control ol capital ; but tbo
truth in this case is tho faithful wound
of the faithful triend.
Thero will bo no national bureau to
rcguluto tlio adjustment of labor popu
lation, or to bo umpire in tho disputes
between industry and capital, nor will
thero be any national appropriation as
gilts to labor. They who propose it,
oomo with decoittul tongue ami studied
falsehood to choat labor into 0agrant
wrongs against itsulf. Stanley Mat
thews who has proposed it in Ohio in
a political emergency (hat involves bis
scat in tho Senate, will earn his thirty
or forty thousand dollars annually as
counsel for corporations by teaching
them how they can evade evory en
croachment of tho law upon their su
premo control ol thoir own capital ; and
after election will chargo thorailrways
extra lor defeating in tho Legislature
and the Courts whut ho taught in bis
resolutions and on tho stump. lie as
sumes tbut laborers are merely a politi
cal commodity to bo cheated in cam
paigns, and ho goes at it in open day,
with bis sleoves rolled up. And the
country is full of Stanley Matthews ot
all grades, from Sonators to Constables
from Malthcws to Arthur, thonco to
Parks and Sincy and Amnion, and on
down to tho boss oi a mine or a gang,
who trades in tho votes and labor of
his fellows.
Labor, liko capital, must yield to the
unalterable laws of supply aud demand,
and disorder is but an aggravation of
advorsity. When cupilul prospers,
labor must prosper with it ; when capi
tal languishes, labor must languish also;
and bo who mukes either the Ibe of tho
other, or estranges their interests in
any degree, is not only tbo foo of both
lubor und capital, but ulso tbo foo of
good order and of tho thrift and huppi
ncss of all. Thero aro thoso who will
Hatter tho suffering with glittering but
hollow professions ; but tho truth for
truth's sake is the best offering The
Jimcs bus to give in behall ol tbo law
that guards tlio high and the low, and
of tho peace that is inseparable from a
prosperous industry. I'luta. iimu.
A Good 0.k. Dect her, in ono of his
recent lectures, threw a brick into bis
audience, by pronouncing ngninst'thc
rod i guilty ol (he times, and illustrated
is idea by alluding to two sisters, who
had erected a (ent at one of thoso largo
catnp mcotings now so popular. Thoy
wero both lull ot zeal, with uciwts big
enough (o feed tho wholo congregation.
Julia's was peculiarly so, while Sadie
bad Iter eye on ti nances and "grub.
At meal time the lormer would invito
everybody (o como (o (ho fens(, and
for sevcrul duys tbo (cut was run as a
regular honiding house and praying
room. Finally, the latter informed
Julia that unless a curtailment in tho
number of boarders took nluco. all the
provisions they bud would become ex
Iiuusted before camp meeting was over.
rruiso the Lord 1 responded Julia,
Wo must not flag now; tho show
must bo kept up the Lord will pro
vide." This wus a stunner, but Sutlio
replied : " Yes, that may bo so ; but
lie mil nnvr bring the provisions to the
tent ! " What became of the boarding-
house tho speuker did not state.
Sok.nb atthsSkasipz. Voulb wi(h
soil, lovc-slriicK air "U, wilt thou not
bo initio my own dear bride? I love
foil deeply, loudly, passionately, wild
yl I cannot live without you I Say,
ob say, thou wilt bo mine I" Maiden,
with downcast eyes "Adolphus, is
thero anything the matter wi(h my
dross? 1 saw tho Smith girls just now
look at mo curiously. Does my bnir
set all right?" Adolphus discontinues
his love-muking. Max Adder.
A Dunbury couple have a nico little
girl ol somo fivo summers. A lady
visitor lately observed (o (ho mother,
bat a ptelty child you bavol Nio
must bo a great comfort to you." "She
is indeed," suid tho fond mother. "When
I'm mad at J ohn, I don t havo to speak
to him. Sho calls him to bis meals,
and tolls him to gel up tho coal and
other things that 1 want. Sho is real
handy.
" Don't put too much confidence in a
lover's vows and sighs," said Mrs. Par
tington (o her nicco ; " Let him tell
you that you have lips like strawber
ries and cream, cheeks like a tarnation
and eyes liko nn asterisk ; but such
things ol loner come irom a tender
head than a tender heart."
BLICAN.
NEW
THE SEA SERPENT OF HISTO
RY CAUQ II T.
A most extraordinary ovent bos oc
curred at Oban, which 1 give in detail,
having boon an oyo-witnoss to tbo
whole affair. I alludo to tho strand
ing and capture of the veritable sea
serpent in front of the Caledonian Ho
tel, Uoorgo street, Oban. About four
o'clock in tho evening an animal or
fish, evidontly oi gigantio size, was
soon sporting in tbo bay near Heather
Island. Its appearance ovidontly per
plexed a large number of spectators
assembled on the pior, and soveral tel
escopes wore directed toward it A
careful look satisfied us that it was of
tho sorpont species, carrying its head
fully twonty foot above the wator. A
number of bouts wore soon launched,
and proceeded to the bay, the crews
armed with such weapons as could be
got handy. Under tho direction ol
Malcolm Nicholson, our boatman, they
headed tho monster, and somo of the
boats were within (hirty yards of it
wben it suddenly sprang bull length
out of the water and made for tho
oponing. A random firo from several
volunteers with rifles seemed to have
no effect upoji it. Undor Mr. Nichol
son's orders tbo bouts ranged across
tho entrance of tho bay, and by their
screams and shouts turned the mon
ster's courso, and it headed directly
for tho breast wall ol tho Great West
cm Hotel. One boat containing Mr.
Campbell, (ho Fiscal, had a most nar
row cscapo, the animal actually rub
bing against it Mr. Campbell and
brother jumped overboard, and were
picked up unhurt by Mr. John D. 11 ar
il 10, saddler, in his small yacht, tbe
Hying Scud. J be ammul Bccmea
thoroughly frightenod, and as the
boats closed in the volunteers wero
unable to firo, owing to the crowd as
sembled on shore. At a little past six
tho monster took tho ground on (be
beach in front of tho Caledonian Ho
tel, on Georgo street, and his propor
tions wero now fully visible In his
frantic exertions, with his tail sweep
ing tho beach, no one dared approach.
Tho stones were flying in all directions ;
ono seriously injured a man called
Harney Harrows, and another broke
tho window of tho Commercial bank.
A party of voluntcors undor Lieuten
ant David Menzio now assembled and
fired volley after volley into tbo neck,
according to the directions of Dr.
Campbell, who did not wish, for scien
tifie reasons, that tho configuration of
the bead should bo damaged. As
thero was a bright moon, tins continu
ed till nearly ten o'clock, whon Mr.
Slovens, of the Commercial bunk,
waded in and fixed a strong ropo to
the animal's head, and by the exertion
of somo soventy folks it was securely
dragged abovo high water mark. Its
exact appearance as it lies on tho
beach is as follows r Tho extremo
length is 101 tcet and the thickest part
ia about 25 foot from the bead, which
ia 11 foet in circumference At this
part is fixed a pair of fins, which aro
1 leet long by nearly seven loot across
tbe sides, l' urtbor back is a long dor
sal fin, extending for at least 12 or 13
feet, and 5 feet high in front, tapering
to 1 foot Tho tail is moro of a flat
tened termination to the body than
anything elso. Iho eyes are very
small in proportion and elongated, and
gills ot the length ol leet behind
Thero are no externul ours, and as Dr.
Cumpboll did not wisb (ho animal
handled until he communicated with
some eminent scientific gontleman, wo
could no( ascertain U (hero wero teeth
or not. Great excitement is created,
and the country people aro flocking in
to viow it. This morning, Mr. Dun
can Clark, writer, took possession of
tho monster, in tbo rights of Mr. Mc
Fco, of Appin, and Mr. James Nicol,
writor, in tho name of the crown.
Glasgow Neics.
THE COST OF CO WAIID1CE.
It is not a pleasant discovery, al
though one that has been made in too
many places during tbo past ten days,
that personal courugo is not so com
mon an atdibute as it should be. From
first to last tho lawless thieves and
roughs who have raised riot and an
archy during the past week hove been
met too often in tho most cowardly
spirit, and in avory few instances only
bus a bravo man luccd llicin, with re
volver in hand, nnd dared them to con
tinue their workof devastation anil plun
der. In Murtinsburg. where tho dis
order first broko out, it does not appeur
that there were any town authorities ; if
thero wore they wero very careful not
to get within speaking distanco of the
strikers. And when the feobloand in
efficient militia companies met tho mob
they laid down their arms and capitu
lated, not half so much from sympathy
with their sufferings as from fear of
violence.
Tho caso ol Pittsburgh was anomal
ous, but it afforded brilliant illustra
tions of horoes whoso energies wero do
voted solely to securing their own safe
ty to hvo to fight anothor day. It has
been sitlUciently proved (hut tho peo
plo, believing (hat the corporation had
no soul, forget that it had 'eyes and
hands, and that it paid handsomely to
be protected in tlio enjoyment of its
rights. So they sat quietly down and
watched tbo destruction ol its proper
ty, to bo rudely aroused with a notice
that upon (horn alono must fall tho cost
of that Sunday's amusement And yet
ono bravo man might havo aroused
them to a sence of their duty as citi
zons and their Interests as property
owners and tax payers. The Sheriff
went out and road tho riot act. Tho
crowd jeered at it as at any littlo pop
gun. Did the Shoriff thereupon call
upon tho citizens for aid ? Did he sum
mon them right and left, command
them (o join him in dispersing the mob?
Not a bit of it Ho put Iho riot act in
his pockot, went homo and called upon
tho (iovernor for troops, Iwcunse there
was riot and intornul violence that ho
could not put down. And ho had not
mado the least attempt to put it down.
Tho troops camo. What their recep
tion was is only too well known, and
General Pearson, snfely concealed bo
yond the reach of danger, publishes a
card which ought to have been ad
dressed "To tho mob," assuring them
that ho has no hostility to them ; that
ho did not order tho troops to lira; in
short, that ho had disgraced tho uni
form that ho wore and tho Htuto that
commissioned him. When the Penn
sylvania troops wore stoned aa they
passed through Altoona, did the Mayor
summon a forco and say that, as long
as bo was a Mayor of Alloonu, the
(roops it tho State should puss over
the greut highway ol the Stuto unmo
lested? Uortaiwy not 1110 city oi
Altoona might as well never havo had
a Mayor, a City Council or a pohco
forco lor all they tnu on ino ono noy
(hut thoy should have worn their au
thority. This side of (ho picture is
completed by (he spocUolo of the sur
render ol the arms ol tho btato by
members of the militia of tho Stato (o
a lawless moh wilhln sight of (he Slate
TEkM.3- 42 per luinna in Advance.
SERIES - VCL 18, NO. 32
Capital. In pleasant contrast to this
wo have the shonll ol I'utsburgn, who
summoned his posso comitatus and said
(he (rain should start if it took all their
lives, and it started. Tho Mayor of
Dover showed a spirit as brave and the
strikers quailed, and the Mayor of our
own city, prompt to recognizo tbe ter
rible eniorgoncy', lost not a moment in
preparing to meet, it, and by bis own
ficrsonal example showed that mob
aw could never oxpoct to rulo in Phila
delphia.
Drill and discipline can hardly bo
overestimated as an adjunct to physi
cal courage. Many a soldier bus been
curried up to tho mouth ol a battery
bocuuso tbo lino moved in that direc
tion, when, if ho had consulted bis own
volition, he would have run tho other
way. Nothing strikes terror to tho
mob so much us tho mechanical precis
ion with which regular troops movo.
Vt nil tho militia they havo the famil
iarity that breeds contemnt. Thev
can hardly believe that these boys who
were out on a lurgot shooting the
other day, boys to whom soldiering is
play, can really load with ball and
cartridgo, and when (ho order comes
tuko aim and firo. Nor aro they at
mult with their theory. It is a new
thing to a militiaman (o firo for tho
purpose of killing; ho cannot divest
himself of tho idea of personal respon
sibility, nnd bo hesitates just us he
might if ho wero man to man with his
antagonist. Drill has taken all those
ideas away from the soldier. He knows
that it is bis first duty to obey orders,
and when tho word "fire" comes, be
fires with its little compunction of con
science as if on parade. Much of the
creditablo bearing of our police during
tho trying occasions of Sunday and
.Monday is duo to their organization,
and (heir prompt ohedienco to com
mands gives evidenco of a discipline
which may well inspire a leeliug of
confidence. A city would bo indeed
in danger if (ho time of peril found its
guardians only a pack ol cowards.
1 hilaletihta Jimrt.
OUR STATE MILITIA.
Tbe following excellent articlo on
tbo above subject wo clip from tho
Ilurrisburg Patriot ol tho 6th inst:
Everywhere a willingnoss is mani
fessed to givo tho ques(ion of a relorm
ofdicStuto militia tho most earnest
coiiMdciiitmn. Kisconk'ssed (list the
present establishment has failed to a
great extent to meet tho purposes for
which it was designed by tho Legis
lature. There has been too much pie
nicing and play and too little atten
tion to tho serious business of tho citi.
zen-soldier in most of tho organiza
tions of tho State. As a first impor
tant step in tho creation of, "a well
regulated militia," tho Stato should
furnish tbo uniforms as the arms.
Under tho feudal system tho knight
provided his own arms, clothing, and
equipments, as well as those of bis re
tainers. Tbo privileges of a soldier
wore not accortlod to the serf. That
time has long sinco gone by. Undor
a republic all citizens aro equal and
all owo the same duties to the Stato.
It is not in strict accordance with
equity among citizens that thoso who
are required to assumo tbe duties of
tho soldier lor tho common defense
should do so at thoir own pecuniary
cost. It is onongh if the volunteer
gives bis timo and risks his life in tho
public cauBe. On tho prevailing theo
ry that our volunteer soldiering con
sists for the most part of an encamp
ment or an excursion or two in a sea
son nothing could be moro natural
than tho notion that thoso who enjoy
tho fun should find their own gala
clothes. But with (ho constantly re
curring demand upon the volunteers
of tho Stato lor tho serious duties of
public defense this idea cannot bo too
soon abandoned. If tho Stuto is to
havo "a woll regulated" militia system
it should belong to tho Stato in every
respect. It would bo a heavy burden
on tho volunteer to compel him to pro
vide bis own arms. Many citizens
who aro ready to perform military ser
vieo aro unwilling or unable to pur
chase uniforms and renew (ho cxpenso
once or twice in tho term ot enlist
ment, as is required in somo organiza
tions. Tho result is that tho military
servieo of tbo Slnto fulls into neglect.
If tho Stute lurnish tho uniforms as
well as (ho arms and equipments of
tbo volunteer militia, tho system will
bo brought more under its control, and
will approach nearer to the descrip
tion of tbo Constitution, "a well regu
lated militia."
For (ho further improvement of (he
Stato militia thero should bo a board
for tho examination of officers. This
hoard should consist ol experienced
soldiers ol whom there are many in
tlio Stuto. No commission should is
suo to on officer ot tho field, lino, or
stuff except upon a certificate of this
bonrd utter a duo examination. There
should at the same timo ho a medical
st a If tor the physical examination ofi
recruits, -so (hat nolio bo admitted to
(ho military service of tho Stato ex
cept thoso who aro qualified for tho
performance of tho duties. Another
reform will consist in the establishment
ot a Slate military school in which a
thorough military education can bo
taught. Tho Agricultural Collego at
Ilellefonto has endeavored to fulfill this
object, but it has not been realized,
and it will not be realized except by
(bo hearty and liberal concurrence of
Iho Licgisluturo and people, iho mil
itary academy at West Point educates
moro -officers than aro now required
for tho regular army and Congress
will probably reduce tho number ol
admissions to that establishment
There will then bo so much the greater
reason for (ho cre.Kion of Stuto schools
in which un equal good military edii
crtion can bo obtained.
Theso reforms cannot of courso bo
accomplished without expenditure.
Itut Iho present system which annu
ally costs tho pulilio treasury two or
thrco hundred thousand dollars is com
paratively worthless. It has not met
at all events tho oxpoctations of its j
most sanguino mends tn and nut of
ofllco in tho Stato. ith (be Stato in
possession of a well trained military
force there would bo no need for an
appeal to tho general government lor
troops on every occasion (hut might
nrise. Other States would follow tho
example of Pennsylvania and tho idea
of "a well regulated militia" would at
lust bo realized, hack Stato would
thus bo prepared for every emergency
of foreign war or domestic insurrec
tion. Tho cowardly fears of those
who aro crying out lor a standing ar
my would be allayed. As thero would
then be no nocd ol a rciriilnr armv ex
cept to guard Iho arsenals and pro
tect tho frontier I nun marauding In
dians, its force could be readily reduced
to ten thousand men. Tho military
power for the preservation ol public
pesco would lodgo where it ought lo
lodge In the Stales and not in ledoral
government.
MUCH IN LITTLE.
Ib aoclent .tery we are told
That Mldaa'l touch tamed aaytblog to gold.
But we, to-day, a ctrangar thing behold
alee tarn to anything wbea louebed with gold.
To boar ia to conquer our fate.
Have a care of a silent dog and
still wator.
Lies are the ghosts of truth tht
masks of faces.
Envy a cancer, which eata and
fnnws into Ke bowels of the onnoua.
"a.r'5Bjaafc
turn you can lavish on your beneluc
tors. Works are not the causo of sal
vation, but they are the causeway of
salvation..
Grateful n
men areli
o like fruitful fields;
they retuin wbat they havo received
tenioid.
There is no restraining men's ton
gues or pens when charged with a lit
(Jo vanity.
Tho question, Wbat nationality
owns the North Pole? ia gravely dis
cussed by Chambcrt't Journal
Wife: "isapasha fond ofhia wives?"
Husband "Cortainly, my dear; ho'a
pucha-natoly fond of them."
Riches is less wealth than is learn
ing, for wisdom cannot bo stolen or
lost ; it is, therefore, thy best friend.
Tho word no is one of tha easiest
words in the language to spell, but
sometimes one of the most difficult to
utter.
Prid. i. sorer enure vffonmr. than
when it condescends to be civil ; whoro-
as vanity, whenever it lorgots itself,
naturally assumes good humor.
He who speaks an uncharitable
word, no maUer how wiuily, will, if
ho have a spark ol human nature in
him, regret that he did so whon the oc
casion is passed.
An unaspiring fellow, who is evi
dently a foo to all progress, rccondy
refused (o have his likenoss takon by
tho photographic process, stating as a
reuson that ho was a foe to graphio
portraits.
Said sho : "How lonir are vou iro-
ng to stand before that glass?" Suid
ho: "Until I see how my ulster hangs.
Dut that's just (he way : a woman nev
er takes any interest in her husband's
dress after she'B been married onoyear."
We are always less prone to admit
the perfection ot those for whom our
approbation is demanded; and many
a woman has appeared comparatively
lain in our eyes, Irom having beard
her charms extolled, whose beauty
might othcrwiso have been readily ad
mitted.
Lovo will muko asilent man speak ;
modest man most officious : a dull
man quick ; a slow man nimblo; and
that which is to be most admired, it
will make a hard, base, intractable
lard, as fire doth iron in a smith's
forge, free, facile, gontlo, and easy to
ho entreated.
To havo changed your longitude
xtonsively, and placed yourself in a
moral solitudo in order to have small
xplosions, to find couvcrsutiou difficult
und to bund a glut) of wator without
looking, can hardly be regarded as sa
tisfactory fulfillment, oven to tho tough
est minds.
"Speaking of bathing," Bays Mrs.
Partington, from the steam that arose
from her tea, ps a veil to her blusbosf,
when touching upon so delicate a sub-
joct, "some can bathe with pertoot im
purity in water as cold as Oroenland s
icy mountains and India'scoral strands;
but, for my part, I prefer to havo the
wator a littlo torpid."
One of the chioi glories of the gos
pel is steadfastness. All honor, in
timo and through eternity, to the faith
ful ones who aro always faithful; faith
ful in that qniot way that attracts no
notice from a careless word, but "is not
unmarked in heaven." They are not
weary in well doing. There are Gal
atiuns who seem to run a good deal
faster than they, but somothing bind
ers the Galatians, and by-and-by, when
you look for them, yon cannot loll
whetbor they aro in tbe way to Zion
or r.ot.
When occasions of extraordinary
interest ariso in tho church, tho very
men who are best fitted and readiest
to (uko hold of (he enlarged work aro
tho men who have nover lost their grip
of tbo work when it was a little work.
It was Gideon who looks after the
fleece when the fleece is dry, and it is
Gideon who also wrings bow I fu Is ol
heavenly dew out ot it when God has
wcttetl it It was Peter who preached
lo tho hundred and twonty in Jerusa
lem beloro Pcntocost, and it was Petor
who evangelizes the thousands when
tho day of Pentecost is fully como.
Horno Tooko having challonged
Wilkes, who was then Sheriff of Lon
don and Middlesex, received tho fol
lowing laconic reply: "Sir, I do not
think it my busincs to cut tho throat
ot every desperado that mny be tired
of his life ; but as I am at present nigh
Sheriff of London, it may happen that
1 shall shortly have to attend you in
my otlieinl capacity, in which case I
will answer for it that you shall have
no ground to complain of my endeav
ors to serve you."
Dr. Farqnliarson says: "So long
as a brain worker is ablo to sleep well,
to cat wen, and to lake a lair propor
tion ot outdoor excrciso, it may safely
bo said that it is not necessary to im
pose nny special limits on tho actual
number of hours which he dovotes to
bis labors. But when what is gener
ally known us worry steps in to com-
plicate matters, when cares connected
wi(h family arrangements, or with
thoso numerous personal details which
wo can seldom escape, intorvono; or
when tho daily occupation of lifo is in
itself a fertile source of anxiety, then
wo find one or other of thoso threo
safeguards brokon down."
If wo would find a topic calculated
to interest tho masses, wo need not go
abroad for novelties tho old, old gos
pel will best collect the eager, anxious
throng. Other things being equal, you
will find that more men will be drawn
together to hoar of Christ than to lis
ten to any other topic; and this will
continue year after year, while other
subjects hare lost what temporary in
terest they once possessed. Give a
man any other thomo you please, and
let him expatiate npon it three or four
times a week in the same place to tha
snmo audience, and it will not be long
before bis hearers will bt weary, and
ho himself will be jaded. I do not be
lieve it would be possible to retain yerfr
after year a mass of attentive bearers,
and send them away longing. for mora,
with any themo except Joeus Christ
nnd him crucified.
Wo cannot imagine a law except
as a rulo of actionem! action implioa
an actor. A law soll-enjorcing is at
much a contradiction as sound, hear
ingor light seeing. Jt won't do tn
any Unit tho properties of matter might
havo been impressed on it at first, and
contintio active, for that would make
matter supreme now, which it is not
Thought is higher than matter, and
controls It in ten thousand ways, and
hence, if thero be, no power above all,
the lower intelligences havo the uni
verse in their hands, and a host of god e,
con tro lied by blind Kate, take tho
placo of ono, An Infinito series of
sightless, unintelligent forces would be
another word lor chaos; and a sue
cession, balanced and filled to each
other, in nil the inconceivable contin
gencies and requirements of a universe
without (ho intervention ot Intelli
gence would be lo solve a mystery
by one still greater.