, , TUB
CLEAIFIELD EEPl'BLICAS,"
GOODLANDER & LEE,
CLEARPIELD, PA.
i i : .
IITABIIIHIO IN 111.
TIM larfeel ClrealeUea ifu; afawspaper
la Merit, CaatreJ PsnaiylTaala.
' Term of Subscription, ";
(f paid la adraaee, er wlthla I mootb..... OU
If paid after I aad before I moalbl m 9 AO
(r f ail aftar tha esBlreUoa a( i month.... a OO
Rates ot Advertising. . " : r :
franilent adrartlMDiaati, par equare ef It llneeor
tM, I U m tH ( at
Poroaob .ubaaqoeut laeerlloa.. ...... at
tdmlniatratere'ead Eleealera' BoUoaa....... t it
Aaditore' aotioe. ... .......... t at
Caatioal aad E.lray!......,.....,......,....,.., I ftt
Diuolotiua notice ...... .. 1 to
PrefcMlonal Garde, a liaaa or lea.,1 year..... I AO
Looel aotlcee, aer lioa So
TBAHLY ADVERTISEMENTS.
I eatwr.... t tt I ) eolama- ..st M
I aqnaroi... It tfl I j eolama...... Tt tt
equate.... l tt I t column.. I la tt
n. B. 000DLASDER,
NOEL B. I. KB,
Publlihore.
',. . W. F. REBER,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Cleareld, Pa.
.JVaT'Of.oe ha Pia'l Opera Hoaae, leeond flaor.
apt I, "4-ly
. W. 67"a RNOLD,
LAW & COLLECTION OFFICE,
CURWENSVILLE.
je2 Cltarllal4 CoubU. Peoa'a. toy
raoa. BiiBair. craua bobdob,
MURRAY & GORDON,
ATTORNKY8 AT LAW,
t:IO'r .. CLEARFIELD, PA.
.FRANK Fl ELDING,
A TTO RNEY-AT-LAW,
Clearfield, Pa.
Will attend ta all builoin entrulted to hlai
promptly Bad faithfully. Bovll'71
WILLIAM A. WALLACH.
Aar p. wallacm.
patio l. anaaa.
job a w. WBI4LBT.
WALLACE & KREBS,
(Baweeaora to Wallace dt Fielding,)
ATTORNEY 8-AT-LAW,
1111 7.1 Clearfield, Pa.
A . G. KRAMER,
ATTORN EY-AT-LAW,
Raal E.tat. aad CollaetloB Ageat,
CLEARFIKLD, PA.,
Will promptly attaad to all legal builaaii aB'
trailed to hi. eara.
ay-Offioe la Pie'e Opera Iloeee, Bacond floor,
aprll l-m
losses a. m'bbali.y. rj.nst w. b'cobdt.
McENALLY & MoCURDT,
ATTORN EYS-AT-L AW,
Clearflald, Pa.
mat-Ural btt.laeaa atundad ta promptly wltbj
ddelity. Ufflea oa Haooad llraat, above tha First
Natioaai Beak. J.o:l;J4
G. R. BARRETT,
Attorn Br and Counhelor at Law.
CLEAKKIKLD, PA.
HariDK rtiifovd hlr Judaihip, haa rcnanad
h pratle of tha law In in old omoa at (Jler-
nld. Pa. Will tvltand tba eunrU of Jefftraoo and
Elk oountiaa wban apaoiallf ittaiaad in connection
Titn raildent ooubmi. i:i:72
WM. M. McCULLOUGH,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Clearfield, Pt.
4rOfnce la Court llnoaa, (Pherlfl". OBloe).
I.ltl be.iaea, promptly attended to. Hll aetata
boofbt end nld. J.U'Il
A . W . WA L f ER 87
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Cleat-Held, Pa.
teev"81oe In Qrahani'i Row. daol-ly
prwTWifH,
A TTORNKY-AT-LAW,
iljl:t ClearBeld. Pa.
WALTER BARRETT,
ATTORNEY AT LAW.
Clearleld, Pa.
TOffloa la Old Weetern Hotel bnlldlaf,
rorner of daooad and Market 8tf. aoTZl.tt.
ISRAEL f EST.
ATTORN KY AT LAW.
Clearfield, Pa.
eaT-Urnee la I'i.'. Opera Hoaae. Jjll,'(T
JOHN H. FULFORD,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Clearfield, Pa.
arOIBea IB Pie'e Opera Home, Room No. t.
Ian. , 174.
J OHN L. CUTTLE,
ATTORNEY AT LAW.
Vnd Heal K.tala AgSBt. Claarfield, Pa.
Offlee ob Tbtrd strael, bet.Cherry A Walaat.
aarReepaetfally affere hie eervleaa la eelltag
ad bayiag laade la Oleerleld aad adjoialag
.eaBtlaa and with aa aiperlaneaol everlwent
reare aa a earrayor, fatten btmieirtbat ha eas
reador latliraetloB. rib. 3:M:tf.
jT BLAK E WALTER 8 ,
REAL ESTATE BROKER,
ARB BBALBB IB
Saw IdOgit hikI laiiiiber,
OLKARFIKLD, PA.
Boa la Krabam'e Row. 1 :1:7I
J. J. LINGLE,
ATTO RNEY-AT-LAW,
1 11 Oeeeola, Clearfield Co.. Pa. y:pd
" J.S. bXrN H A R T,
ATTORNKY . AT - LAW,
Hellelonte, Pa.
Will practice la ClearSeld and all of tbe Court! of
the Jlth Judicial di.trict. Real e.late builneef
and oolleetioB of elaime made peelaltlea. Bl'71
DR. W. A. MEAN8,
PHYSICIAN A SURGEON,
Lt'TUKRSBUIO. PA.
W ID attaad profeeiloBal call promptly, auglt'70
' DR. T. J. BOYER,
PHYSICIAN AND SCROEON,
OSca oa Market Stmt, Clearlcld. Pa.
afrODloa boarat I to 1 a. at., and 1 to I p. Bl.
D1
kH. K. M. SCUEURER,
lIOMttOPATHIO PHYSICIAN,
Ofloa In reildenee on Market it.
April M,Ji7J. Clearfleld, Pa.
j H. KLINE. M. D.,
PHYSICIAN k 8URGKON,,f '''i'. Fr-ln md Nm In iioffc.-
, lea rrreni and OrMen in irapoa. fietoon aurlT
a VfWrl I .1 n..A.U Bai aatTaaval V.lm I , '
HAVI1TO located at Penofleld, Pa., otTerf bta
profetalonal aervieea to tha penplo of that
j I toe and nrroandina;OBntre. AlleelU promptlj
attended to. ot. II tf.
DR. J. P. BURCH FIELD,
Lata SargtOB of the 83d Regiment. Pen nijrtvanla
Velnauera, havtDg ratarned from lh Arm,
offern hia profeaalonal aer float to tnaaitlieaa
of Olaarleldaoanty.
aftttp-PrufefBionaloalU prompt! attantlad to.
Offloe an fleeoad atreet, formtrloeanpled hy
Dr. Woodi. (nprVM-M
DR. H.B. VAN VALZAH,
CLEARPIRl.D, PKNN'A.
OFFICE IN MASONIC Hl'ILDINO.
fUT OBea houra-From 11 to I P. M.
May IMlt.
D".7efWr8on utz,
WOODLAND, PA.
Will promptly attend all ealla la Ibe llaeorbia
prore.aloa. ner. 10-71
OrwlGATEB'&c6.7
DRUGGISTS A APOTHECARIES,
' CVRWRNRVILLI, PA.
Dealer! la all kind! at Dru(., Mrdiolncd, Pea
y -vrli and Itreggittt Swt-lrrft. ,
Carw.a.villa. Kerch 17, 1174.
GEORGE M. FIRQDSON,
WITO
w. v. nrrncoTT & co.,
dealer! la
HATS A CAPS, ROOTS A 8UOKS,
1:17 ill Merket StraaL Pladelphia. Tt If
Livery HUble.
TIIR anderllined Bare l.ere to Inform th.pub
II. that ha I. Bow fully prepare ta aeeemma
U all la tbe wayarraralibiaa H..eM, BuIml
MU.a and Haraaai, aa tba laort.M aotlee and
a rMaanable umi. Re.ld.aoe aa Leeaet .tract,
"aaaa Third aad 'earth.
010. W, OSARITART.
Tiaarlald, aa. 4, 1174.
CLBliiillD
QEO. B. QOODLANDEB, Proprietor. .
VOL. 49-WHOLE NO.
Cards.
JOHN D. THOMPSON,
J nation of lao Puof and Serlvenor,
CrwDiriU, Pa.
to.Golleotiont taada and Bioae? prm
ptly
paid orer.
rbZZ71tI
flio. albbkt inna AtaBTw.......w. iiiiit
W. ALBERT V BROS
Maanfactarer aitanaive Dtaltn Id
Sawed Lumber. Square Timber, ito
WOODLAND, FBNN'A.
AnV'Orden ooliolted. Bill ailed on ihort aotioe
and raaaooabla Urmia
Addron Woodland P. 0., Clearsald Oa., Fa.
eM-ly W 4LBKKT 4t UK On,
FRANCIS COUTRIET,
MERCHANT,
trreuchirlll. tlaarneld Comity, Pa.
Kaapi oonatantlv on band a full aaaoHment
Drr doodi, llardwaro. UrooariN, and oTarTthini
nauall kept la a mail itora, waiea will m aula,
or oaab, no anoop mm otaawnoto in ta oonnijk
rraaenviiia. iana i, ioi-ij.
THOMA8 H. FORCEE
obalbr in
GENERAL M KRCIJ AND1SR,
C.RAHAMTDN, Pa.
A)MtttaaiWa aiinafaetBrar and daalar In Rqoara
Tmbor and Dawtd Lambaroi ill kind.
jMT'Ordora aollottad and all bills proniptlj
Blind. I'jyia ?i
REUBEN HACKMAN,
House and Sign Painter and Papei
Hanger,
Clearttelri, Pnna
)Sfja-WUI axMats JohR In hl II rut pniupH and
in a workmanlike nannnr. af M.flT
Q. H. HALL,
PRACTICAL PUMP MAKER
NEAR CLEAHP1ULD, PKNN'A.
SV-Putnpa alwara or band nd nmla to rd
on ihort aotioa. Pipe, bomd on raaionabla Itrnn
All work warranted to render ! it feet ion. i
delivered If deilrcd. nySe:lTpd
E, A. BIG L ER A. CO.,
DBAi.ani in
SQUARE TIMBER
aad manufacturer! of
ALL KIND OP HAWr.il I.IIMHKH.
1771 CLEARFIELD, PKNN'A.
JAS. B. GRAHAM,
dealrr la
Real EBtate, Square Timber, Boards
SHINGLES, LATH, A PICKETS,
I0 TJ Clearllel.l, Pa,
JAMES MITCHELL, "
BaaLan ta
Square Timber & Timber Lunik
J.U'71 CLEARFIELD, PA.
H. F. N AUGLE,
WATCH MAKER & JEWELER,
and dealer la
Watches, Cloekn, Jewelry, Silver
ana l'lnted Ware, sc.,
iel'7 CLEAKFIKI.D, PA.,
8. I. 8 N Y D E R,
PRACTICAL WATCHMAKER
ABO PBALRB e '
Wtchp, I'lockd and Jewelry
0raAoei'e Hew, Narkrt trtl,
CI.CAHI'll:l.l), PA.
All kind, of repairiita la my line promptly at-
atiaea to. April xa, 1871.
HEMIIVAL. "
REIZENSTEIN & BERLINER,
wholesale dealere ia
GEMS' FlRMSimC GOODS,
Haro removed to 117 Ohareh etreet,- between
franklin aad White eU., New York. Jyl'71
JAME8 H. LYTLE,
No. 4 Pie's Opera Hou.e, Clearfield, Pa.
Daalar In Uroeeilea, Proviewai. Veaetablaai
Pralte, Flour, Feed, etc., etc
I AM ESR? W ATSON kCO'.
t REAL B8TATI BROKKRH.
CI.KAHFIELII, PKNN'A.
Ilouaae aad ilaice. to let, Collection, promptly
made, and tret. elan Coal and Klre-Clay Laad.
and Tnwa property for rale. Office la Weclera
Hotel Building (Id Door), fteoimd t. (myls'74y
D. M. D0HEETY7
lAflllONABLK BARBER A HAIR IIRESBER.
CLEARFIELD, PA.
Hbop Beat door ta Weaver A Belle' elore,
Saruad etreet.
July 14, 74 J
HARRY RN YD KR,
Pormerly with Lew Behuler.)
BARBRR AND I1AIRDRK8SKR.
Sbnp on Market Si.. oppo.lta Court Ilnme.
A clean tow.) for every eu.tomer. may IV, 'J&.
J I ME! LI Ml'. I
The nadaraigned ie now prrpored lo fare Ufa
toe pubiia win an axoeiieni tjuaiii; or
Bellefonte Wood-Burned Lime,
for pi a ferine; perrionra. hy the Urge or email
quanlilj. Can be found (or the prevent it Pit a
nrw Duiininy;, on marxd airrn.
oetl-tf t h. K. McCIUatOt'On.
MITCHELL WAGONS.
The Best is the Cheapest !
Thiinea Keilly baa rreelTed anal her large lot ef
Miuneii nerona, wuivk are enona? tba Terr
heat metiiifaelared. aad whirh be will eell at the
oat reaaonaMo ra!ea. Ilia atock inoludea alinoat
b)I dtacriptiona of wnf onrlBrKraiid amall. aide
aad narrow traek. Call an t aevliipm.
apra 74 - TIIOMAH REILLV. .
JOUN A. RTA DI.KK,
BAKKH, Mark at t., Cl-ail-Irl, Pa,
Preh Bread. Koali, Rolla. Piei and Cakee
oa hand or mad to order. A funeral aatortment
eppoaue me roiieinre,
Price! madrrale.
A. H. MITTON,
Manafaeturer and daalar In
Harness, Saddles and Bridles,
Collar, Whlpa, Broabai, ty NetiTrimmlnga.
loree niaaaata, e.
Vaenitm, Frank Miller'a aad W eat afoot Oil,
Agent fur Bailey and Wilaon'a Boagiea.
Ordera and repllriflg nrowptly at leaded to,
ftbop on Market atreel, Clearflrld, Pa., In room
former) oeeapied by Jaa. Aleiender. w:l4Ta
c.TFle'cal",'"-
Ironsides Store,
PIIILl.lPrHI KU, PA.
biALKHIX
HARDWARE1, STOVES, tlKATERU, RAND
KS, WOOD AKD WILLOW WARS.
akd VASvrAcTViitn or
TIN, SHEET IRON AND COITERWARS.
- . Preaoalila Rlrael,
Pbilllprmr(, Ceaira ro., Pa,
M.M.y 1ST.
TTN dkrtakino.
Tba ndoraignod am new folly arorarod lo
aarry an tba bnflneM a .
UNDERTAKING,
AT REASONABLE HATER, ,
Aad raiDaatlally .elicit the Batreeafa af Uoat
BaadlBg each terTie...
..... JOHrt IROVTMAK,
JAMEiULEAVV.
Claarleld, Pa., Pea. la, U7A, ,
2112. ... .. . .
DOT LAMM WHAT MARY HAP OOT. "
Mary bar fat a leetle Uah. alraadjr jj
Doea rool tea vlte like tbn.w
Vnd aferr llmr, dot Mary did rend oud,
bat Iambi Tent alia tut, aid Mary. . . j f
Dat Iambi dlt follow Mary roaday of tier ihohool.
bouca,
Vlcn to. obbaiillon to der rain ef der rhaaoel'
matter.
Alio, rich It dli aauied doe. Mkillea ta eohaila
aad load i
Van dey did law done Iambi aa der iailde of der
ibiboolboul. i
Vnd M dot ibcboolmaitar dlt kick dor Iambi
f wiok and
Llkeaiee dot Iambi dlt. loaf aroaad aa der oat-
lldee.
Fad dil iboo der flic, mil bli tall of patiently
uboud
UaJll Mary dlt oome alto,from dot ibcbaolhoai
. oud. ,
Vnd den dot lambt dlt run right away gwlck la
' ' ery,. ' - ; .
Vod dit make hii hat oa Mery'i anna,
Like he rould eaid, "I doad w.l sobered,
Mary roald kept ma from droubiea anahow t"
a waa der reaaaa ahaal U, T wat rae.be wad
atary T"
Doea ackilleB dlt aik lt.dut ehehoolmaeteri
"Vol, duod you koow it, dot .Mary lofe don lamb
. airaay .a.
Dt hchulma.terlit eaiil.
JUDGE ORVIS' wahoh to
THE JVM Y IN THE COXSPlIt
ACY CASE.
TWO-Hid Ell LAW LAW Ft IK STRIKERS.
OPKHATORS ANP POHKHTALI.ERd.
Tlio triitl of Sinuy unci Darks, for
ronspirury, wiw closed on Thurstliiv.
Ortobor 7th, liy the jury findiiig Parks
jrnilly and Sinoy uot guilty. - Purks
whs sciilvnt't'd to undergo an iinprison
mcnt ol one ycur at Imrd labor in the
csutrn roiiltuntiarv, to iiav a fine of
ono atiiiur ana ctmtH ol pniitociition.
Ho wan I'soorled to Pittuhurgli on tho
followinje Friilay m'orninw. by ex-Shor-
iii j'li'. j'.iiurtH are already doing
matlu lo wwiiro his pardon.
Wo uive bolow an itiiich of tlie
t harc of Judgo Orvia ua bt'ara upon
tho inoi-o important It'gul itwiiefl in
volvt'd :
Tho lliKt count In tho indictment
l-hargig tho meeting and nrococdingii
at (ions Run o an "unlawful awtcmhly,"
which ierpetratet unlawful, violent
and riotoiia acts, and ia aubataiitially
t no Bnmo oncnHO cuurgeci oh b riot in
tho second count. Tlio third and
fourth counts of this indictment are
Mibatiintiully alike, and charge the do-
ft'iulunts thorein named, including
Sincy and Parks, with bitviiiir combined
and conspired to raiao tho price of min
ing com in mo jioBimnnon region Irom
fitly to sixty cents per ton, by prevent
ing men who wcro willing to mine coal
at fifty cents per ton from working by
means of menaces, intimidation, threats,
hy forcoof numbers and w ith force and
arms. A conspiracy may bo di-tiucd
to bo a combination or agreement of
two or more persons to (Joan unlawful
act, or to do a lawful act in an unlaw
ful manner, or for an uiilawful purpose.
It would be impossible for us to de
tail to you all of tba various com
binations which have beou hero
tofore held to amount to oonapiracy.
All combinations to do unlawful acts
or to do acts otherwise lawful by un-
lawiui means are held to be indictable
as conspiracies. Other acts, which,
wben done by un individual, are per
fectly lawful, when done by a combina
tion of two or more may becomo un
lawful, by reason ot the injurious coo-
sequences which follow such combina
tion. 1 ho law upon tho subject is so
well luid down by tho present Chief
usticeol too hnpreine Court of this
Mate, In tlio case or the Morns Kun
Coul Company vs. the Barclay Coal
Company (18 P. F. Smith 178), that
wo win read you a portion of bis
opinion. I Ins was an action of debt
nought by tho plaintiff against the
elendant upon an accepted dralt. Tho
oicuvo was that tlio diitll hud been
given in pursuance of a combination or
agreement between nvccouloonipunies,
tlie piirpcia ol winch was to regulate
the priec of coul, which combination
was ullegod to bo unlawful, and the
draft tlioreforowithout legal considera
tion. Judge Agnow says; "Tho effects
proaticwu on ma pni.no intorcata load
lo the consideration ot another leatu
of great weight in determining the ille-
iniy ni tlio contract, to wit : the dom
ination resorted to hy these five com
panies, singly, each might have sus
pended deliveries and sales of coal to
suit its own interests, and might kavo
raised tlio price, oven though that
might have been detrimental to tho
ul.ltc inline!, i Tliore ns a tortain
freedom which must be allowed to
every ono in tho management of his
own affairs. When competition is loft
free, individual error or folly will eon
rally find a correction in the conduct
i others. Hut Iioro is a combination
of all the companies operating in the
lllossbui'g and Harclay mining regions,
and controlling their entire production.
They have combined together to gov
ern the supplv and the price ot coal in
all the markets from tho Hudson to
tho Mississippi rivers, and from Penn
sylvania to the lukea. This combina
tion hus a power in its confederated
form which no individual action con-
Tho public interest must suc
cumb to it, for it has left no competi
tion tree to correct its naicilil influence.
When tho supply of coal is suspended
e demand lor it becomes importunate
and prices must rise : or if the supply
goes forward tho prico fixed by the
confederates mast accompany it. The
domestic hearth, tho ftiniaees of tho
iron master, and the fires of the manu
facturer, all leol tho restraint, while
manv dunendent banda are narflivEod
and hungry months are stinted. The
influence ol a lack of supply or the rise
in tho prico of an article of such prime
necessity cannot bo measured. It per
meates the enure mass ol too com
munity and leaves few of its members
igh
Much a combination is more than a
contract, it it an offense. I tako it,
said Gibson, J., a combination is crim
inal whenever tho act to bo done has
necessary tendency to prejudice tbe
iiuhlic or to oppress individuals by nn-
iistiy sui'jucung luum to inu power ot
he coiilcuerates ana giving enecl to
the purposo of tho latter, whether of
xloiiiou or ot nuscniei. (common
wealth vs. Carlisle. Brightly't Rep. 40).
n nil such combinations wncn the pnr-
poeo is injurious or unlawful, the gist
the Alfonso is the conspiracy. Hen
can often do by the combination of
mar.y what severally no one could it
coinplisli,and oven w hat when dono hy
one would bo innocent. It was held
in tho Commonwealth Vs. liberie. 3
8. L. R., 9, that It was an indictablo
conspiracy for a portion of a Gorman
Lutheran congregation to combine and
nirrco together to prevent another por.
lion of tho congregation, by force of
arms, Irom using tho English language
in the worship of God among tho con
gregation. So a confederacy to aasist
a loraale Inlant to escape) from her
fathcr'a control with a view to marry
her against hia will, la indictablo as a
conspiracy at common law, while it
would hava been do criminal offeivM if
ono alone had Induced hep to elope
wllh nd marry Mm.' (Mifflin raj. Com-
CLEARFIELD,
monwealth, t W. 1 3,, 401 . Ono man,
or many, may hiss an actor, but if they
conspire to do it they may be punished
(per Gibson, C. J., flood ya. Palm, 8
liarr, 238 ; 1 Russell on Crimea, OfiC)
and ait action for a conspiracy to de
fame will b aupporwd, though the
wvrus no not aouonaute u sioictn uy
one. (Hood va. Palm, supra). Defama
tion by the outcry of numbers, says
ijitmon, u. J., ia aa resistless as a de
famation by the written act of an indi
vidual. And, aays Coulter, J., the
concentrated energy of several com
bined wills, oporating simultaneously
and by concert upon one individual, is
dangerous even to tho cautious and
circumspect, but when brought to bear
upon the unwary and unspecting it is
filial. (Twitchell vs. Commonwealth,
9 llurr, 211). Thcro is a potency in
numbers when combined which the
law cannot overlook where iniurv ia
tho consequence. If the conspiracy be
to commit a crime or an unlawful act,
it is easy to determine its indictable
character. It is more difficult when
the act to bo dono or purposo to be ac
complished is innocent in itself: thon
the ottenso lakes its hue from the mo
tives, tho means or the conscouoncos.
It the motives of the confederates be
to oppress, the means they use unlaw
ful, or the consequence toothors injuri
ous, their confederation will become a
conspiracy. Instances arc given in tho
Commonwealth vs. Carlisle (Brightly'
Rep. 40). Amonir those mentioned as
criiinnul is a combination of employers
to depress tue wages ol journeymen
Mow what they would be if thoro
were no resort to artificial means ; and
a combination of the bakers of a town
to hold up the article ot bread, and by
means of the scarcity thus produced
to extort an exorbitant price for it.
Tho lattor ins'jtnce is precisely parallel
with tho present case. It is the effect
of tho act upon tho public which gives
that case and this its evil aspect as the
result of confederation ; for any baker
might choose to hold up his own bread.
or coal operator hia coal, rather than
to sell at ruling prices, but when be de
stroys competition by a combination
with others, the J)ublio can buy of no
ono. In Rex va. ljeronquetal (3 M. 8.
(7), it was held to be a conspiracy to
comoinc to raise tue puonc lunds on
purticulur day by false rumor. Tho
purposo itself said Lord Ellcnborongh
is misehevious. It strikes at the price
of a vuluuble commodity in tho market,
and if it gives a fictitious price by
means of tuUe rumors it is a fraud
leveled against the public, for it is
against all such aa may possibly havo
anything to do with the funds on that
particular day. Every 'corner,' in the
language ol tba day, whether it bo to
utlix t t he price ot articles ot commerce
such as brcadstuns, or tho price of
veninuie siocas, wncn accomplished ty
confoderation to raise or depress the
price und ope rale on tho markets, ia a
conspiracy. Alio rum often spread
abroad by those heartless conspiracies
is indescribable, frequently filling the
land with starvation, poverty and wot.
Kvery association is criminal whose
object is to raise or depress tho price
of labor beyond what it would bring
il it were It'll without artificial aid or
stimulus. (Itex vs. Byerdyko, 1 M.and
H., 179). In the case of such associa
tions tho illegality consists most fre
quently in the means employed to
cany out the object. 1 o fix a standard
of prices among men in the samo em
ploy men t, aa a fee bill, is not in ilsolf
criminal, but may becomo so when the
parties resort to coercion, restraint or
penalties upon tho employed or em
ployer, or, what is worse, to fore of
arms, it tbe means be unlawful the
combination ia Indictable (Common
wealth vs. Hunt, 4 Mete, 111). Acon-
spiraey of journeymen of any trad or
handicraft to raise the wages by cntuf
iug into combinations to coerce jour
neymen and master workmen employed
in the same branch of industry to con
form to rules adopted by such combina
tion, tor tho purpose of regulating tho
prico of labor, and currying such rules
into effect by overt acts, is iudietabk)
as a misdemeanor. (8, H hnrt. ('. J.,
citing Tho People vs. Fishbec,' 14
Wend. fi). Without multiplying ex
amples, these are sufficient to illustrate
tho true aspect of the caso before ns,
and to show that a combination such
as these comtiauioa entered into to con
trol tho supply and price ot the Hloss
burg and Barclay regions is illegal and
the contract therefore void.".. . i.
Yon see, therefore, that any agree
ment, combination, or confederation, to
increase or depress tho prices of any
vendible commodity, whether labor,
merchandise or anything else, is in
dictable as a conspiracy under tho laws
of Pennsylvania. Kach individual has
tho undoubted right to demand what
ever price he pleases for his labor or
property, even though it be twice or
thrico it market value, but it he enters
into a combination with other to com
pel the employer or purchaser to pay
the prico thus demanded by destroying
competition, the combination becomes
an indictable otienso. ro with the em
ployers, whether coul oiwrators or
others, if they enter into a combination
to rcduco the price ot labor it is
a conspiracy and indictablo in tbo
Courts. Kach individual may deter
mine to pay no moro than a curtain
prico for a given kind of labor, but if
he enter into a combination with
other cmployor to control the prico
by destroying eompetion, no ami his
confederates are guilty ot conspiracy.
Tbe law, as we have thus stated it to
yon, is not tho result ol modern legis
lation. What yon have beard to Irs.
quently spoken of during tho conrso
of this trial aa the conspiracy laws ol
Pennsylvania are not Actsol Assembly
placed upon our stututo book in mod
ern times through the influence of capi
tal and wealth lor the purpose of op
pressing tbe poor and laboring classes,
but a part of tho common law which
our forefather brought with thorn
from the mother country, and the tame
law nndcr which tha people of this
Slate havo lived since tlio days of Wil
liam I'onn. It is tmo but few cases
havo arisen which required its enforce
ment, but this arose from tbe charac
ter of our people, who were universally
inclined to mind their own business
and not Interfere with that ot their
neighbor. Such a law It necessary
to protect tli individual citir.an in Ihw
iijuy uienl ol ail Ins rights, iiivluUing
those of liberty, property, and reputa
tion. Without such law, an Indi
vidual could not bo protected against
the combination of number, unions he
rosorted to oounter-eombiDHtions, thus
bringing tho conflicting Interests in
the end lo tho arbitrament of physical
force. Such a law i not necessary for
tha nresnrvatinn of the trablio Deoco. 1
but lor the protection of Individuals
from tbeinjustice and oppression which
the many, whew nniud, oaa al way in
flict npon the fair. " The only class of
person who complain of its existence
are the lew restlea and discontented
agitator who are continually foment
ing disturbance by intermeddling with
the affairs of other The only statute
- . , I
PRINCIPLES! NOT MEN.
PA WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 20, 1875.
we havo upon thlffeabloct In Pennsyl
vania aro the ll!7 th and 12Hlli auctions
of the Act of March, 21, ltitSO, which
morely fix tlie pnnkihiuont for the com
nion law crimes, sail the Act of Juno
14. 1872. of which wo will sneak here
after; The cssenei of tho crime of con
spiracy is in the combination or acrvr-
ment to act together, and the erimo is
complete when statu an agreement is
made, whether asvtliing ia done In
pursuance of the . conspiracy or not.
Tho combination or agreement to act
together neod not ho in writing, nor
mado by aoy formal,sioken words. If
parties by common consent act to
gether in earryingout an unlawful pur
pose, the law Implies or presumes an
agreement to o act. Btich a combina
tion or agreement, Deed not be. and
Scnorally cannot ; proven by tbe
irect testimony of a witness who heard
the agreement nuvle. Its existence
can generally be nhuwn only hy facts
and circumstance front which tile iurv
aro Irresistibly led to Infer that such
an agreement must have been made.
II a largo number of persons arj shown
to have acted in concert at different
limes and in different places for the
accomplishment of tho tamo object,
the iulercnce is irresistible that they
have agreed to act together to ac
conipliKh the object in view.
Ilut whenever the Commonwealth
attempts to prove that any particu
lar individual is a party to a con
spiracy by circumstantial evidence,
that is, by hia ucts, declarations and
surroundings, slio is held to the rules
governing circumstantial evidence in
other cases. All of tho facts relied up
on must bo full and satiBlactorilv
proven ; for if tho facts themsclvca are
in uoiioi, mo inierenco to no drawn
from them of tho prisoner's guilt must
also remain in doubt. These fuels
must uIho bo consistent, not only with
tho theory of tho defendant's guilt, but
with one another. They must also be
of conclusive character, so as to ab
solutely exclude every other rea
sonable hypothesis than that of the
defendant's guilt ; for if all tho fuels
proven in the cuss aro susceptiblo of be
ing fairly explained upon tho theory
of the defendant's innocence, they enn-
not be said to prove bis guilt. beli
ever an unluw till combinulion or agree
ment is once mado all persons who.
knowing of tho same, afterwards come
in and tuku part In carrying out the
common purpose, becomo guilty of tho
conspiracy, although they were not
original parties to the agrecnioiit I
will now read the Act ot January 14,
1872, and explain tho chango it has
made in the law, as luid down by Chief
Justice A gnew: "It shall lo lawful
lor any lutiorer or luborors, working-
manor workingmen, acting cither as
Individuals or as tho member of nnv
club, society or association to refuse to
work or lubor lor any person or per
sons whenever In Ins, her or their
opinion, the wages paid are insufficient,
or the treatment of such laborer or
laborer, workinginan or workingmen.
journeyman or journeymen, by but,
ner or tneir employ or, ia brutal or
offensive ; or tbe continued labor
by such laborers, workinginan oi
workingmen, Journeyman or journey
men, would bo contrary to tho rules,
regulations, or by-laws ol any club,
society, or organisation to which
ho, oho, or they might belonir, without
subjecting any person or iierson so
refusing to work or labor to prosecu
tion or indictment for conspiracy under
tho criminal lawsof tho Commonwealth;
provided, that this Act shall not bo
held to apply to tho member or nicm
boin of any club, society or organiza
tion, the constitution, by-laws, rules
und regulations of which are not in
strict conformity to tho Constitution
of tho Stnto of Pennsylvania and to
the Constitution ot the l ulled Slntus;
provided, that nothingherein contained
shall prevent the prosecution and pun
ishment, nndcr existing laws, of any
person or persona who shall in any
way hinder persons who desire to labor
for their employer from so doing, or
othor porsons from being employed as
laborers.'.' You will obscrvo the pur
pose aud seo ie of this Act. It author
izes laborers, acting cither a individ
uals or as members ol any association
to refuse to labor whenever tho wages
are not satisfactory, when their treat
ment is brutal or offensivo, or when
further labor would be contrary to tho
rules, regulations or by-laws of their
association, without being liable to in-
uiciment lor conspiracy, aii tins
laborers had a right to do prior to the
passage of the Act if they acted simply
a individuals; but if they associated
together and acted in concert, their
conduct was criminal. This Act sim
ply destroys tho criminality of con
certed action On the part of laborers in
rctusing to work lor any ol tho three
reasons given in the Aot Itself. By
the first proviso the Act is mado not
toapply lotliopienibersofaiiyorganlza
tion wnoso constitution, by-laws and
rules aro not in strict conformity to
tho Constitution of tho t'nilcd Status
and of this Commonwealth. In order
to prevent any misunderstanding as to
the moaning of tho Legislature tho1
second proviso continues tho liability
lo "prosecution and punishment under
existing law of any person or person
Who shall In any way hinder person
who desire to laliorlbr their employers
from M doing, or other persons Irom
being employed a laborers. It lol
lows, thorelore, that an agreement or
combination among laboring men to
quit work for the purpose of increas
ing th prices of thoir lubor, or im
proving their treatment, ia not un-1
lawful, i 'J'htit far the law authorize
t'jem to act in concert ; but if they go
ono step further, and attempt in uny
way to hinder or prevent persons who
aro willing to labor from so doing, their
act become nnlawltil and their com
bination criminal.
A question has been raised as to the
meaning and legal construction of the
phrase "in any way," found in tho last
proviso of this Act. - On behalf of the
defendants it is contended that it means
in any mtmrful way ; that persona so
n'liming to wont may ifmiiuiic, roiuei,
cratc and agree together to hinder and
Jircvctit others from working for their
urmer employers by argument, per
uasion and appeal, or by any othor
mean not in themselves unlawful,
without being liable to an indictment
fur ouuBiinMiy W beiiior liiia is the
proper construction of tho clause can
not be a practical question in this case.
Those defendant aro not indicted for
a conspiracy, to prevent men from
working by means of persuasion, argu
ments and entreaties, but for a con
spiracy to prevent and hinder men
from working "by mean of menaces,
Intimidations, threats, by fore of num
bers, and with force and arms.". II n
less the evidence satisfies you that
they entered into a combination for
these purpose they oannnt be con
victed under eltkor the third or fourth
counts of the indictment. Admitting
their right todissuado men from work
ing, it woe Id certainly be unlawful tbr
them to com run to art in seen nttm-
REPUBLICAN,
burs and with such demonstration as
to territy and intimidate the men at
work, and thus compel or coerce them
to leave.
Much has been said during the pro
gress ol this trial upon the merit of
the surmoscd conflict Itutweon en.iilal
and labor the contest between the
0H)ratora aud the workingmen. It is
not our intention to discuss tbe merits
ot this contost. If oither party has
been wronged tbe law, if appealed to,
would furnish a complete remedy, and
to the law both parties must appeal
when they havo or imagino they havo
Sriovance which need a remedy.
oither party can be permitted to take
the law into their own hands and right
thoir own real or fancied wronira. If
tbe laboring men are not paid thoir
wages; if they are cheated ia the
weight of their coal ; if their treatment
hy their employers ia brutal or offen
sive, or n titer iifler any other real
wrongs or injuries, tho law will furnish
them adequate means ot redress. If
there is a combination among their
employers to oppress t'iciii in any man
ner iney may no indicted lor con
spiracy in the Court, and the Act of
IbiZ will not relieve, because it does
not apply to them. In this country
no one can be compelled to work
ugoinst his will, unless he becomo un
inmate of tbe workhouse or peniten
tiary. Nothing can probably control
the prico of labor hut the law of sup
ply und demand. If work is plenty
and laborers scarce thoy can increase
their wages by demanding it, hocause
the cmployor has no option, if work
is scurce and laborers plenty competi
tion will bring down the price of labor
as it will ol ovorylhiug else. -No class
of men has tho right to monopolize
an)' particular kind of labor. Koch
individual has tho right to engage in
any kind ot work that suits him, and
to sell his labor for any price ho can
obtain for il, and a combination or or
ganisation designed to interfere with
this right is against public policy and
unlawful. All persons who labor for
others do so upon tbo terms ot a con
tract, cither express or implied. If an
agreement is mado in uuvuiice us to
tlie wages, it is an express contract, if
no such an agreement is made, the law
implies a contract on tho part of the
employer to pay whatover tho labor is
reuHonuulv worth, or what other arc
receiving for similar work. Neither
tho employer or employe can compel
the ot her to pay or receive more or less
than ho is willing to contract for. Tho
law gives tho einployur no right to
impose upon tho laborer, for if ho
is dissatisfied with his wuircs or h
treatment he may go else where or seek
other employment. Tho wholo coun-
I try is open and free to him, but ho
niust not prevent or hinder others
from working w ho are willing to do so.
iho questions ol luct which you
must determine under this branch of
tho case aro ; Wns thero un agreement,
combination or confederacy entered
into by those defendants, or cither of
them, with other miner in thoMo-
shnnnon district during tho months of
April or Jloy last? II so, what was
tho nature und character of that agree
ment, combination or confederacy?
If it was merely to quit work in order
to gain an increased prico for their
lubor.tlio combination was nol criminal;
hut if tho agreement went further and
tho parties combiuing not only agreed
among themselves to quit work, but
lo hinder and prevent person from
laboring in tho mines nt tho former
price hy mean of threats, Intimida
tion, anil, II needs bo nctuul violence,
then tho combinulion was criminal,
and all parties to it liable to indictment
and conviction for conspiracy. It Is
alleged by thodelendants that thecom
hinution to which they belonged, the
Minor' Nutional Association, of which
they were olllcers, is a lawful organiza
tion in Pennsylvania. Tho constitu
tion and by luws of this organization
have boon given In evidence and com
mented upon before you to show that
its objects are not only lawful butcoin-
mcniluhlo, and that the constition
by
laws, rules and regulation "are In
strict conformity to tho Constitution
of the State of Pennsylvania and to
the Constitution of tlio United States."
AU this may bo true. There may be
an organization for a perfectly legiti
mate object, and its members may
combine to do unlawful acts, and tluis
make themselves guilty of conspiracy.
It does not follow because tho original
objects ol a society aro legitimate that
everything its members do is lawful.
the organization ot a rcliiriouseonirro-
gation is lawful, but the combination
of some of its members to prevent by
forco and arms the use of the Knglish
language in tha public worship has
been held to bo criminal. An associa
tion of miners is in itself lawful, There
are many other associations, societies
and organizations which arc perfectly
lawful m themselves, and thero can Ih
no proper complaint against them un
less their members proceed todowhatis
unlawful. While there may he noth
ing in tho constitution of tlio Miners'
National Association in conflict with
the Constitution and lawsof this Slate,
tho prevision of Aiiiclo 8, concerning
strikes, is not in harmony with the
spirit of our government and institu
tions. To transfer to certain officer
irto a central committee the power to
legalize or refuse to legalizo a suspen
sion of work tends to tuko away from
individuals the control over their own
timo and Inhor which tho law gives
them. All organization or arrange
ment which give to ono person tlie
right to say whether or not It is legal
or proper tor another to work, under
any given stntc of cireiimstances, must
produce pernicious results. The law
recognizes tha most period liberty of
each Individual to control his own
lime and labor, free from the coercion
or dictation of any other Individual or
any association. Any organization or
society having for lis object tho Im
provement of tbo physical, mental,
moral, or financial condition, ot any
portion oft he community iscommeiidav
l)l, but If such association or society
attempts to destroy the legal freedom
of its members to control their own
timo and labor hym.e and regulation
to be enforced by pin and penalties
it bocomca reprehensible. A the ob
ject of the Miners' National Associa
tion, as aet forth in Its constitution aro
lawfulwhether or tint they aro expedi
ent, is not a question for tho Court or
jury todecide. Thosimplequestkin for
yon to determine is, whether those tle
fc ndunt. or cither of them, entered in
to a combination with other to do tho
unlawful act charged in this indict
ment. If they did, ther aro guilty of
a conspiracy and should be convicted.
a, aa 1 1 a
Boston propose to establish an In
dustrial school in connection with each
of th grammar achoola in which girls
are taught, lor the purpose of giving
instruction ia sewing.
ttHiill are thing that are sometimes
taken from lb pinions of' e'ne goose to
Bpread, tho opinion of another, j II
NEW
rl STAWLKSH REC01W.
When a cilir.cn has long und faith
fully servod tho publio In a representa
tive capacity ho leaves behind hitn a
record which partisan malice and in
genuity hus little trouble to distort.
In dread of tho effects of slander and
misrepresentation among those who
take amall pain te obtuin correct in
formation his political friends shrink
from presenting him for important
official station no matter bow fully
convicned they are othisBiiperior capac
ity and ntness. Political bodies are
often anxious to secure somo candidate
who ho never made a record, and
liicrctoro cannot bo successfully as
sailed. They frequently succeed in
getting a nobody for their trouble
llonco it has come to pass that honor
able, faithful and courageous service
of the publio somotimcs proves a bar
w ifuiiuuni Kuvutieeinunv. it was in
full appreciation of this vice in our
politics that tho Democrats at hne
presented Cyrus L. Pershing for gov
ernor. I'or five successive years in
tho legislature during tho most excit
ing period of our history ho had tnkon
a prominent part in the discussion of
all important questions that arose for
consideration. Though for tho most
of tho time in a party minority ho
never failed to command the respect
ful attention of his opponents. The
majority moro than once availed them
selves of bis skill and ability in shap
ing legislation for which their party
now claims the exclusive merit The
Ilemocratic friends of Judge Pershing
were not mistaken. No sooner was
ho presented at LVio than tho war of
partisan misrepresentation was opened
As his nomination was tho one most
dreaded by tho enemies of tho Democ
racy tho nocessily lor slander and do.
traction became all the greater. But
tho moro malignant, tho moro desper.
ate, and the more pcmslcnt have been
the blows aimed at the Democratic
candidate for governor the brighter
snines bis public and nnvnto record.
In their industrious search of the
legislative record of Judge Pershing
uis opponents nave been abio to lay
thcir finger on nothing that needs tho
slightest defense. They assailed him
as they do overy oilier Democrat who
is presented tor public position tor his
course in the war, but their missilos
of detraction have fallen short of tho
mark. The record shows that he nev
er was wanting in legislature in his
whole duty to tho country. For ull
that concerned tho comfort and wel
fare of tho soldiers as well as tho suc
cess of our arms, he was always solid.
tious. The "War Governor, who ia
now among the most prominent and
able of Jndgo Pcrshine's supporter.
found in him a willing und active sup
porter in mo legislature ol overy moas-
uro that wns necessary to support tbe
government in tlie suppression of the
rebellion. rj.x-L.lerk At rherson, who
st urted on t carl y w i 1 h w h a t he i mniri nod
lo bo an original discovery of a flaw
in the record ol tho Democratic cand
(Into in regard to the soldier votes, has
been compelled to abandon his attack
in the very midst of tbe campaign.
Ho has not had tbo franknes and can
dor to make a public retraction of hi
fulso and unjust charge, but ho has
been obliged by forco of public opinion
to retreat from it in confusion and
silence.
Thus has it been with ovory attempt
to impeach the spotless record ot Jtulgo
Pershing. In a period of unexampled
legislutivo corruption and profligacy,
his garments aro without a slain. Ho
has always set tho publio a-ood above
considerations of self-interest. Ho ha
provod faithful to every official trust.
If stainless probity, high abilities, and
large experience in publio affairs are
still regarded as essential quolificatloiis
for such a position as that of governor
of Pennsylvania. Judge Pershing will
bo elected by an overwhelming ma
jority. Ilnrrisliurj lilriot.
A VIYoltCE AT LAST.
IirATII or THE l llll'AOO COACHMAN WHO
MARSIZS HIS WIALTIIV MASTER'S
PAUIillTFR.
chk'aiio, sept. i no end ot a
romance in real life I Lyndon is dead.
Lyndon, tho gay and festive coach
man, who won immortal fame by
marrying bis master's daughter ; Lyn
don, husband of the fickle Klla, and
son-in-law of tlio savage Hancock ;
Lyndon, Who almost exchanged his
seat on the top of a grand family coach
for ono inside, and his cot in the stablo
loft for tho crack bedchamber of a
piilaco ; Lyndon, the hero of the divoco
Courts and the sensation of tho city
two year ago Lyndon is dead. Tho
wealthy pork-pucker' daughter ha
her divorce at lust.'
Something ovor two years ago tlio
community was startled by the an
nouncement that a clandestine mar
riage had taken place between l.yn
don, a eoaehmon in the employ of Col.
John Hancock, one of tho wealthiest
provision dealers in tho city, and tho
young daughter of the last named im
portant personugo. 1 ho affair created
a great deal of sciindul and provoked
extensive comment Tho hriilo, Klla
Hancock, was something less than 18
years of age and a very attractive per
son. Lyndon had no altractionswunt
ever. Ho was a low-born, illiterate
Englishman. The marriugo was secret
ly celebrated, and the parties separated
immediately afterwards, taking their
old respective places in the household.
The parent ditl not hear of tho event
for several day a afterwards, and by
that time tho young Indy tho bride
who was not yet a wife had gained
her senses sufficiently to bo willing and
anxious to assist her parents In sever
ing tho tie. Suit for divorce was at
onco commenced, but a tlecreo was re
fused. An appeal was lukon to tho
Supreme Court, which remanded the
caso to tho lower Court, where it still
remains nndecided.
About three months after tho mar
riage, Lyndon had the lady brought
into Court on a writ of ImI'kik corptu.
Tho jiulgo then gave her a freo choice
between joining her husband or re
maining with her father. She at once
chose the latter course, aud since that
time Lyndon ha made no attempt to
interfere with her.
I Mr. Truce. Lyndon' lawyer, lately
abandoned fit client, owing to hia
gross dissipation. He found the coach
man some month ago at ono oi tho
iolice stations, under an assumed name,
llled with bad rum and covered with
filth. II gave him money to nay his
lino, and "shook" the fellow, satisfied,
tho lawyer any, that Lyndon' solo
motive of lute teemed to be to black
mail hit rich father-in-law, and this
the attorney wtfw unwilling to counte
nance. Lyndon died yesterday afternoon at
8 o'clock, at the residence of A. Alex
ander, corner of State aud Twenty
seventh slreeta. 11 has been confined
for two week with inflamation ol the
bowel. Ilia funeral will take place
th aitcmoon at I ortncie
TEBMS-$2 per annum in Advuioe.
SKRIES - VOL, 16, NO. 41.
THE INSURRECTION IN TU11-
,,,A7tT.
Tho disturbance in Herzegovina
grows more and moro serious. The
Jurkirh (loverninent is evidcutly not
uisptmeu 10 yiciu, wnne mo revolted
Christians are openly encouraged in
Montenegro, in Scrvia, and in l)nlma
tia. Disturbances of this kind have
frequently occurred in Turkey, and the
present revolt might be soltled at tho
formor wcro. In case, however, the
Turkish Government falls ot success
this time, we are not nnlikoly to see a
new kingdom formed in tbo hast, with
or without a general European squab
ble. Tho wholo gist of the insurrec
tion in Heraogovma is told in a few
words. ThoChristians hate tho Turks, j
and the Turks bate the Christians.
The Turks are extortionate, and the
Christian aro not disposed eithor to
pay the heavy taxes or to submit to
the robberies of Turkish officials. And
above all this, there ia the question of
Servian nationality the nationality
of a people who formed onco almost as
numerous and important a principality
as roianu
Hervia proper. Herzcgoviua, Bosnia.
imimutia, and Montenegro were once
Servian territories, and aro Still inhab
ited almost exclusivoly by Servians.
Even the Croats are a part of the same
ruco, speaking the samo laniruaire, and
differing from tho Serb proper only
in being Roman Catholics, while the
Merhs belong to the (.reek Church.
Tho history of the Herbs, like that
of all tho Slavonian tribes, is very ob
scure, vt hero they came iront uolxid
has yet been ubla to ninko out : but
ha been ascertained that in the mid
dle of the seventh century they mi
grated to tbo Roman provinces lying
between the Danube and tlie Adriatic.
These provinces the ScrU obtained
from the Kmperor Ileraclitis for hav-
: L! . ... -l .
ug ussisiott nun against tne Avar and
otner avago tnoes, tnat formerly
dwelt in these regions of bis empire,
Since then they have lived, now hide.
pcndently, in a kind of confederacy of
various nine tnoes, Having lor tueir
chief authority an elected magistrate,
and now again under tho rulo of tho
Byzuntino F.miieror. In tho twelfth
century Serviz appears as a very thriv
ing and highly commercial country.
Its political life was then concentrated
on the eastern course of the Adriatic.
Tho extensivo Servian territories had
abundant natural wealth, and most of
the huropcan gold was at that time
derived from the mines of that coun
try. After tho Turk conquered Con
stantinople they began to push their
arm further north, defeated tho Ser
vian army in l.ls on tho plains of
tvossovo, and in wo next century we
find tbe Osmanlis supremo rulor of the
Serbs, and tho ancient Servian land
divided into Turkish pachaliks.
A nunillui ol ncrviun patriots took
refuge in tlie Black Mountain, now
known as Montenegro, and carried on
thcro a truly heroic defence against all
the assaults of the Turk. Soliman II
oxtended his sway a far a Vienna,
but could never couquor the mountain
refugee, who thua became the main
representative of Servian liberty, tra
dition and nationality.
The Serbs living outisde of Montene
gro, and numbering altogether about
eight millions, are divided botween
Austria, turkey, and bervia proper,
tho Sultan counting more than fonr
millions of them under his rule-
Though time divided in point of gov
ernment possibly, just on account of
this division tbe .Serbs have always
preserved strong national feelings of
unity. Had they been left to live the
life ot an Independent nation, thoy
would probably be constantly fighting
with each other, a thoy did formerly;
whilo now the Serb of Hcrzciroviiia.
of Bosnia, of Belgrade, of Ragnsa, and
of Bocci cii Cattaro, profess tbe same
fraternal feelings to each other as the
Poles of (ialicia, Silesia and Warsaw ;
and as tho Government of Turkey is
incomparably weaker than those of
Prussia and Russia, and tho Serbs aro
much better warrior than the Pole,
there is a very fair chance of sccinir a
Servian kingdom established between
tho frontiers of Turkey and Austria.
This would be all the more easily done.
as thcro is already a tomi-independent
Servian principality existing, around
which tho wholo of the nationality
could lie collected.
Up to the present moment the Serial
under the Austrian rule remain tolera
bly quiet, but tho moment the Serb
of Turkey shall havo achieved their
independence, the Austrian Serbs will
immediately rise in arms, and undoubt
edly have the support ot their com-
pan iota outside. Although compara
tively bettor treat ed than tho Serbs of
Turkey, they still have many reasons
to complain of the Austrian rule. The
original convention, in accordance with
which they were embodied into the
Austrian empire, waa never observed.
ft was understood that thoy would
havo only to defend the southern fron
tier. Instead of that, they wore sent
wherever A ustria had to carry on war
on the IthineatthotimeolNapolcon I,
and at Sadowa in our own day. They
were promised lull liberty ol religious
belief, yet frequent attempts havclieon
matlo to turn them per lorco Into Ro
man Catholocism. Tho bloody events
of 18ii9 in tho district of Bocca dl Cat
taro, In South Dalmatia, hava clearly
shown how little cbanco thoro i that
tho Serbs will over become loyal sub
jects of the Austro-lliingarian mon
archy. There Can lie little doubt that
had both the Austrian and the Turkish
Government well understood their
true interests, they would long ago
have let tho Servians go adrift. They
uro tho cause of great oxpenso and of
almost constant fighting. But to al
low the Servians to become independ
ent would be to begin the work of gen
eral dismemberment ol theso two
empires. A nd that is what the Sultan,
tho Emperor Francis Joseph, and, with
them, all other sovereign of Kurope,
aro afraid of.
. THE NEQRO.
int. prori.im or ms pi ti rr
An occasional paragraph from tho
organs of Yankee civilization the em
bodiment of necrophilism, spiritualism,
fi'eclnvoism and "sich" question the
wisdom of emancipation, and bint at
the inefficiency of the law onactcd for
the purpose of enforcing civil and social
equality between th two race, o re
cently holding th relation of maater
and slave. In tpile of tbe signal fail
ure of th experiment of emancipation.
without previou preparation, In th
West Indies, our pnritan philanthro
pist believe in the magic power of
political liberty to improve upon tht
handiwork oi God to assimilate the
highest and lowest aperies of the
genu "homo." it Is, however, be
coming apparent to the more rational
fanatic that, in th delusive hop oi
elevating the African to the level of
the Anglo Haxon, curse has been in-
flic ted upon both, and the question now
'being raisod la what shall hi) Hone
wi.'h the posting victim of a mischiev
ou dc'ueionT Like hit brother In
Jamaica, ii. I list lapsing into normal
barbarism anu, J" bi descent, is lower
ing tbe standard of Christian civiliza
tion and bringing 'lUgrace upon that
pint of liberty which, it asserted,
bi emancipation would Di'lurg until
it embraced overy race c mankind.
Of emancipation In the Bi.'lsli West
Indie, Allison, In hit history ol .v-urojw,
aay:
"He" Lord Broughinan "waa the
unoomproraiaing foe, through lilo, of
West India slavery, and the generou
advocate of the Hxir negroes right;
and yet by urging on tho fatal step of
immediate aud unprepared emancipa
tion, ha has proved hia worst enemy,
and thrown back the suhle inhabitant
of the Antilles centuries in the path of
real and lasting improvement."
What i undeniably true of Jamaica,
must prove equally true lo tho United
State, because tbe condition are the
samo. The slave owners thero, as here,
were of the Anglo-Saxon race, and the
slaves in both cases are Africans. Th
intelligence imparted in both countrie
by the oxamplo and training of the
owner, was tbe only civilizing in
fluence to which their nature ! capa
ble of responding, and th withdrawal
of which i necessarily followed by a
relapse into their normal condition.
This dogeneracy will be more or les
rapid in proportiqn to the relative
number of the race more rapid in
Jamaica, because the white are few -
and tbe negroes overwhelmingly
numerous slower here, because tbe
relation aa to numbers 1 reversed, and
the influences just mentioned will con
tinue to be felt, thouirh in a con stantl v
decreasing ratio ; but tbe final reeult in
both countries must bo the same, un
less the negroes can be protected
against the pernicious example and
precept of the Radical party and left
to the guidauce of the Southern white,
who, alono, appreciate their rapacity
for improvement and understand the
appliance whereby their lapse into
barbarism may be postponed, if not
averted. The problem of thoir future
is not likoly to be solved by Puritan
negropbilism, which suggests coloniz
ation as the only solution forgetting
that the shortest road to their primi
tive condition i to throw them upon
their own resources. Separated from
a higher intelligence, thoir "true in
wardness" will assert itself, and their
native indolence and improvidence
soon plunge them into tho moral and
intellectual darkness of their native
jungles. Radical reconstruction ha
cursed them deeply, and if they are to
remain in-oiir midst, tbe best thing
that can be dono with them is to shield
mem irom tno wild experiment of a
mawkish Puritan philanthropy and,
a citizen, leave them to the protec
tion oi me law, honestly and impartial
ly administed, without regard to color.
Clarkcmille Chronicle.
REV. JOHN CHAMBERS, D. D.,
Rev. John Chambers, D. D-, pastor
of the Chamber Presbyterian church,
Broad street, above Chestnut, Phila
delphia, and one of the oldest clergy
men in Philadelphia, died week before
last, after an illnesa of several weeks,
during tlie lust few days of which be
bad been gradually aiuking.
Dr. Chamber waa in the 78th year
of hi age, haing been born in Steward
stow n, Ireland, Doc. 19, 1797, and came
to this country with bia parent in
1798. At tho ago of 13 he came from
Ohio, whore his parents resided, to
Baltimore, whore he was educated. At
17 vears of acre he ioined tho Associa
ted Keforin church of Baltimore, of
which the Jtcv. John Mason Duncan,
D. D., was pastor. In May, 1825, he
became pastor of the Associate! lie
formed church oi Philadelphia, then
located on 13th street, above Market.
In 1831 the building on Broad street
was erected, and the congregation re
moved to it- in May last, Dr. Cham
ber celebrated the 55th anniversary
of h is pastorate, w ben there wore special
service held at tho church and at Hor
ticultural ball, continuing over several
day, in tbo course ol a sermon ho
preached at that time he stated that,
during tho past fifty years, there had
boon 3,585, member admitted to tbo
church, and from 30 to 40 young men
oaa entered tne ministry, tie had
married 2.329 couple, and attended
between 4,000 and 5,000 funerals, and
bad preached, on an average, three
times a week. In 1820 he was affected
with a bronchial trouble, and was tent
to Europe by hi physicians. He re
mained away fourteen months, and re
turned perfectly cured.
Early in tbo year 1870 Dr. Cham
bora was stricken with paralysis, and
for a long time it was thought he could
not recovor, Dut his strong constitution
bore up, and after a tedious illness be
made another journey ahroatf, and re
turned so fur recovered as to resume
tbe duties of his pastorate, lie was a
very positive and energetic man by
nature, and was for many year one of
the most active and enthusiastic ad
vocate of the Temperance cause in
tho city. Ho was peculiarly successful
in winning the affection and confidence
of the young, and his congregation was
always largely composed of young
men and women, and tho Bethany
Presbyterian church, ono of the most
flourishing churches in Ibe southwes
tern portion of tbe city, was organ
ized as a mission school by the young
men from Dr. Chambers' congregation.
Dr. Chamber was a distinguished
member of the Masonic order, and al
ways took great interest in it welfare.
He was chaplain of Lodge No. Bl. and
one of the grand chaplains of the grand
lougo oi l-ennsyivania, and almost al
ways took part in the public ceremon
ials oi tue orucr.
Ho was married threo times. His
first wife was Mis Mcilenry, daughter
of Francis Dean Mciienry, of Balti
more, whom he married in Marcb,182G,
and who died in December, 1829, leav
ing two children, a son and daughter.
Tlieson studied and practiced mcdicino,
and died at tho age of 32. The daugh
ter married Janie Hackett, now ot
Philadelphia. Hi tecond wifo, to
whom h was married in December,
1834, was M rs. Wier, widow of tbe late
Alexander Henry, of Philadelphia.
She died in March, 1860, leaving no
children by Dr. Chambers. On Octo
ber 8, 1867, being then in hi 70th
year, he married Mrs. Stuart, of Phila
delphia, widow of the late Alexander
Muart, and daughter of tha late Levi
Klmakor.
l ATE SOWING OF TURNIPS.
A correspondent of the iJurctl Aire"
Yorker write: "In our rrencral clim
ate say tlie average of the Connecti
cut shore going westward into Kansas,
all the lino for 100 mile above it can
and should be successful in growing a
late crop of turnip. Th best ground
for them is an old sod turned over ;
next, an out stubble, and last, an old
worked ground that ha bad no fresh
or unrolled manure placed npon it this
season. Any and all three ground
should be ploughed from four to five
day belore Rowing, and then harrowed
just before the sowing. Then sow th
scea, ana my advice I to ise a good
seed sower, hy which th most perfect
work is done, and that rapidly. The
varietie that 1 would advise aro the
old White Dutch, Red Top, Strap Leaf,
and Long French. Th first will be
th most marketable, the aocond the
best fbr your own table until about
mid-winter, and then the Long French
will carry the line through to April.
A rm a the plant show a leaf above
ground go over the patch with A now
in g of plaster of Pari, at th rate of one
bwshol to tbe acre, lowing it a well
yon can on and along the row."
I I ' ' ; 1 '