TUB
"CLEARFIELD REFIBLICAV
ruaMiuae im iiMiiMfj
OBORUH II. CiOOOL AMDKB,
.1 :,. OLBARFIELD, PA.
, liHTABLIIIIBD IM lt.
rh largset Circulates r any Mowiuaper
I North Central PBBylVBiita.
Terms of Subscription,
(f paid In advance, ar within I month!.... $. OO
Cf paid after end before montbi g 4
If peid after lb eaplreAloa of moatba... B (Ml
Sates ot Advertising.
rranalent edverllaementi, ptr iquare of 10 llneaor
lest, ft tinea or le.a ...II
For eaob mlieeqiient luaertlon. h.
tdrAlnlitretora' and rUeeutora' ootloea. I ft
Auditor! Bolloo . 3
Ceutionaend K.lrny,. .,...... I
Dieiorutien notlcee....... I
Profoaiiunel Corda, ft IIrm or leaa.l year... ft 0
Local oolioee, per line 1
VIU1U.V ADYKRT1HEMKNT8.
I .qnere "II I I ootnrr.n 4
I equerei...........l6 00 column.. ...... TO 00
I iquarei.. ...2 OA 1 oolomn. ISO 00
EUROS R. UOODLANDER,
" ' Editor od I'ublliher.
Cart..
moil. . iir,
OVSC! OOBDOB.
MURRAY & GORDON,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
:J0T 1 CLEARFIELD, PA.
"- FRANK FIELDING,
ATTORN KY-AT -LAW,
ClearQeld, Pa.
Will attend to nil bullneei onlrulted to kin
promptly .nil faithfully. bovI3'7
WILl.tAl A. WALLACE.
fATin 1. HUM.
JOHN W. WBIOLBT.
HABBT F. VALLArt.
WALLACE 4. KREBS,
(Suveeeiore lo Wallace A Fielding,)
ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW,
U-12'73 Clearfleld, Pa.
n. r. eifaos, . B. vai " "
DES. WILSON & VAN VALZAH,
Cleertlclit, Pa.
OiHoe In reeidonco of Pr. Wllaon.
Orric. Hoi mi Krum II to 1 p. . Ur. o
ValtAb on bo found at nijbt In bU roomi, na
door la llarlKiok lria wru, ... -r
talra.
D" u. Tekkkuson i.itz,
WOODLAND, PA.
Will prompllj alland all oallt In lha liaaof I hii
prof.nlon. . .
k,..p. t. aALi.r. ! w. a'coaar
MoENALLY & MoCUEDT,
ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW,
Clearllald. Pa.
lrUl builnaM attanded to prompllj "ItbJ
Jlit. omra on Socond alrart, aboaa :ha Pirit
Matiiinal Uank.
J. n,l:74
G. R. BARRETT,
Attorney and C'orNHULon at Law,
GLBARKIKI.D, PA.
Hurlni raalfned bl Jn.laibip, kn raoumad
ha praotloo of tba la. In bia old oBoa at Uar
l.l.L I'a. Will altand tba ooarta of Jolfrraon nod
Kl. nounll.a h.o .p.i.lljr ratalood In ""J1""0"
itb reiideut oounl. Il
wTrMMcCULLO UGH,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
CloarOrld. Pa.
aaT-Offloa la Court llooia, (Hharil'l OBaa).
L:k.I ba.inra. prompllj aiundad to. Rr.l o.lala
bouilit and tolJ. J'11 "
A. W.W ALTERS,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Clearfield, Pa.
fcai.Oirina In Graham'! Row. doot lj
H. W. SMITH,
ATTORN EY-AT-L AW,
t::TS C'leartlelil, Pa.
WALTER BARRETT,
ATTORNEY AT LAW.
ifflca on S.sand BU, Claartald, Pa. aoTll,l
ISRAEL TEST,
ATTORN K Y AT LAW,
Cleartteld, Pa.
ajrOBoa In Pia'i Opara Honne, jyll.'W
JOH nh7 F U L F 6 R Di
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Clearfield, Pa.
jMrOflloa r,r" II"", 00" No. I.
J.o. ft, 11174.
JOHN L. CUTTLE,
ATTORNEY AT LAW.
iiil Heal Eatate Agent, ClearUeld, Pa.
Onioe on Iblrd atraat, bat.Cb.rrj A Walnut,
faT-Reipeotfulljr olar. hla larrlc.i In aelllng
md bnjlnf land! In Olaarlald and adjelnlnf
laantlaa , and wllbaaeiperleneeof OTOrtwent?
Kara aa a lurreror, BalUra blmialf tbnl ka aaa
randar iallifaollon. lak. ti:M:tf
FEEDEEICK O'LEAEY BOCK,
8CRITENEB A CONVEYANCER,
General Life and Fire Ins. Agent.
UaaiU of Contajanoa, Artlcla, of Aureamenl
and all IrRa' papara promptly and neatly aia-
aulod. Oloa la Fia a upara llouia, n no. a.
Clrld. Pa., April la, l74.
J
BLAKE WALTER8,
REAL ESTATE BROKER,
Axn niAkia ta
Haw laORi and Lumber,
CLEARFIELD, PA.
Sua In Braham'l Row. 1iM:Tt
J. J. LINGLE,
ATTORNEY-AT - LAW,
1:11 Onceola. ClearUeld Cfc, Pa. y pd
DR. T. J. BOYER,
PHY8ICIAN AND SO RO EON,
Ofloa oa Market Street, Olaarlald, Pa.
ar-OIae kaani I te IS a. m., and 1 to I p.
tTrTeTiiTciiedrer,
u
: HOM'IOPATUIC PnVSIClAN,
OBoa la raaldaaea oa Market at,
April 4, U7. CleartaldjJ-a
"DR. W. A. MEANS,
PHYSICIAN & SURGEON,
LUTHBRBBURO, PA.
WlU attend profaaaioaal ealla promptly. auilO'fft
J. 8. BARNHART,
ATTORNKT . AT - LAW,
Hrtlerneta, Pa.
Will praetloa la Clearllald and all of the Coerll of
the 15th Judlolel oH.triat. Real eetate bnaleaei
and eolleotioa of olalma made fpoelalltaa. al'TI
0. W. WEAVES ec CO.,
DRCUOISTS & AfUXHEUAKIBS,
CURWENSVILLE, PA.
Dtelrra la all blndi of Draii, Medlelaee, Fan
ey llooda end Dronlala' Sonorlaa.
eerweniTille, klerok 17, 117a.
QEOEOE M. FEEGUSON,
wnn
W. V. IIPP1XC0TT & CO,
dealere la
HATS ft CAPS, BOOTS 4 SHOES,
J:17 131 Market Slreet. Pklladelpkia. 7 tf
CHAELES H. ELLIOT,
NOTE DIIOKER,
wita Joa W. Saxtoa a Co.
Stock and Bond Commission Brokers,
II! Roalk Third Street, Pklled'a.
Parlicelar ettealloa iraa te pnroham and
aalea of Government Bonda.
Refer to M. W. Woodward, Eae... Caibler Maa
alaeleren National Bank Cbaelea ellaoabard,
K.q., Lumber Merehenti Herbert Reaeel A Ue.,
Lumber M.rebenll I - MimUllea, Boa,, lee
Pn.ident Bank of Amerloel Powell A Co., Pank
era, W illiameport, Pa. mebit Tft lm
A. H. MITTON,
Mannfaatarer eed dealer la
Harness, Saddles and Bridles,
Cellere, Whlpe, Rraahel, Fly Kali, Trimming a.
lloraa Ulankata, Ae.
Veenum. Frank Mlller'l and Heeltfoot Olla,
Aernt fbr Bailey and Wlleon'e Buffiea.
Orderl and repalrln promptly el leaded te,
Shoe oe Market llreet, Clearleld, I'a, la room
formerly eoeapied by Jaa. Aleaaader. 4:l '
MITCHELL WAGONS.
The Best U the Cheapest I
Tkomaa R'llrr kae raeeleed anelker larfa lot ef
"MlUh.ll Wafona,' wbleh are emoaf tba eery
beat m.aafaelared, aad wbleb ke will aall el the
moot raaaaneble ratee. Bu aloek laelude. almeat
ell deaerlplloae af wafnaa larfeeed emaM, wide
bob aerrew war a. veil eae .,
avrO'TI THOMAS RFttLT.
, . . - . . , ' ' A t i l . .'
(XKAHF
GEO. B. GO0DLANDEE, Proprietor,
VOL. 49-WHOLE NO.
" A. Q. KRAMER,
ATTO RNEY-AT-LAW,
Rial K.tata and Callaeliao Afrnl,
li HAHFIl:l.l, PA..
Will prompllj alland lo all Upl butloen ta
lraUd to bia aara.
-Ooloo la Pla'a Opart Uouw, arcnd loot,
aprll 1-ftn ,
J. H. KLINE, M. D.,
PHYSICIAN i. 8UBGE0N,
TTAVINO looatad at Panalold, Pa., oan Wa
IX profaaalonal aarnoat to Ilia poopia 01 .p
plaoa and orroundlaf aanllrj. Allaaill praaiptlj
altanded to.
oot. II tf.
a, P. IIVIN,
PKALIB II
GENERAL MERCHANDISE,
iv.VDEH, BHMreiEa, He.,
-AT TBB
CORNER STORE,
Conrtniallla, Kot. Jft, 1ST 4.
JOHN D. THOMP80N,
Ju.lica of Ike Paaoo and DcrlTanar,
Crwanalll, Pa,
fcavColleelionl made
paid uvnr.
ODf.T promptly
rah'7lil
aeoT Ai.aaT .'nnanr auihii- '
W. ALBERT & BrOo.,
ll.nufaolurari A atenf Ira Dealara la
Sawed Lumber, Square Timber, 4o.,
WOODLAND, PENN'A.
ea-flrdora lollcltad. Bllla Wed on abort nollea
r and raaaonable lama.
Addr... W-dl-d VAgjffR
FRANCIS COUTRIET,
MERCHANT,
vr.,.rh.llle. Clearaeld Coonty, Pa
.. ... ,i. h.n.l a full aaaortment of
Pranohvllla, jona ai, i""i ,.
THOMAS H. FORCbt,
DBALBa IB
GENERAL MK.RCIIANUI.SE.
GHAIIAMTON. Pa.
Alio, aitanilre Biennfecluror and dealer In Square
Timber end aeweu liimwrui ..
aTOrdari eollalted and all bill; promptly
aiied. :z:-
REUBEN HACKMAN,
House and Sign Painter and Paper
Hanger,-
ClearUeld, Peim'a.
fcOLWIll eieente Joba In kll line promptly and
la a workmanlike manner. nfre,e,
G.H.HALL,
PRACTICAL PUMP MAKER,
NEAR CLEARFIELD, PENN'A.
M-Pumpa alwaya on hand and made te order
on ihort aotiae. Fipoa ooreil on raeao..... ...
All work warranted to render leliifeetlon, and
dallreredlfdailrad. myJftilypd
E. A. BIGLER t CO.,
PI ALE M IS
SQUARE TIMBER,
eed meaufeefarera of .
ALL KIMDH OP IAWKD LOIIIKR.
l-7'fl CLEARFIELD, PKNJt A.
JA8. B. GRAHAM, I
da)r In I
Eeal Etitate, Square Timber, Boards,
SHINGLES, LATH, A i-ivkbab,
MO'TS pleateld,Pa,; r
JAMES MITCHELL,
VBALBt l
Square Timber & Timber Lands,
Jell'7 OLBARFIRLD, PA.
DR. J. P. BURCH FIELD,
Lete Serf eoa of tke Md Roitmeet, Pennlylrenla
Volaauera, kavlng returned tram tke Army,
altera kia profaaaional ierrleei te Iheaitliene
of Olearteldeoeaty.
jmT-Proreaaloael enlli promptly ationaoe to.
OBoe oa Seeoad etreet, formerlyoeeaplad ky
rir.Waoda. lepra, a--w
H. F. N AUGLE,
WATCH MAktR & JEWELER,
and dlr la
Watches, Cloeks, Jewelry, Silver
and Plated Ware, sc.,
I.IJ'TJ CLEARFIELD, PA,
I, SNYDER,
PRACTICAL WATCHMAKER
ARB DBAIBB IX
L Wntohos, Clocks: and Jowclry,
Oretea'f Bom, tlmritl Slml,
CLEAKPIELU, PA.
All klnda of repelrini la my line Bromptly at
ndedlo. April M,H74.
HEMOVAL.
REIZENSTEIN & BERLINER,
who) emit dtlri l
CEXTS' FIRMSUIXG GOODS,
Here removed le'l7 Oheri.k (treat,
between
Franklin and Wklte III.
, New Vork.
jjsr7J
JAMES H. LY T LE,
Ho. 4 Ple'a Opera lloaae, Clearfleld, Pa.
Dealer la Oroorilea, Profliloaa, Veatablea,
Fraita, Flour, Feed, ele ete.
eprl4'7ft-tf
TAMES E. WATSON ft CO.,
el It K A I. aWTATI BROR RRS.
Li,KAitrir.L.u, rMi, n.
Hoeiaa anil OBoel le let. Collaetloni promptly
made, and Irlt-ehui Coal and Klre-Clay Land!
and Tnwa nrooertv fcr aa la. OBoe la weitrra
Hotel BellulDt lid noorf, reeono ri,
S1
Tones saw gummers and
SAW UPSET8.
Wa kave received Ike eieaey for tka above and
will eeH tham at manafaelorar'i prieaa. Cell end
eiemlne tbam. They are the bait.
talMI u. r. uiul.br a lio.
JAMES CLEARY,
BAEAEE 4 HATE DRESSEE,
CORD STREET,
JyUl CLEARFIELD, PA. tl
-JRATZEU ft LYTLK,
AGENTS IN CLEARFIELD COUNTT FOR
liORIIildARD-N
Cltbrtei"Brnd (
Smoking & CUcwlBg Tobareos.
We ere enabled le wholeaale to dealer! throngk-
ont Ike county nt ally pr
n r
RATERR I.YTLE,
JeJTIJf
jJNDERTAKINCi
ClearUeld, pa.
Tke nnderelgnad are aew fully prepared te
earry aa Ike kaiiaeea of
VNDERTAKINt.,
AT REASONABLE) RATES,
Aad reepeelfally eallelt tke patroaage ef tboae
aeed ng anea eervieae.
jonrt TRorTMAN,
JAMES L. LEAVT.
JlteardaliLPa. JfekMa U 74. .
T 1MB ! LIME I
Tka aaderolgaed la Bow prepared la farelek
the BBblle with aa eieelloat e,aaiuy ei
BeHefonte Wood-Burned Lime,
for wleaterlag eareeaea, by lae large er em an
aeaetily. One be fooad lee the preaeet a! Paa a
aew aatMtag, oe eteraoa aurewe.
eetl.lf
L. R. MKTLLOtJfll
MBTATmaaaaaBBBa - - i .. . . ..... r. . e.r, rii'is imf'BITfr nri'fflPVfl.U vn
S.
'2119.
I've baaqueled oa leiarlel ,
Predaeed Ib every eliaw f
Feeated oa lueaioua lertla aoup ,
Aad lapped oo oyatari prlala ;
But ob, I never, never met
Been dear eaeaae ef ellee
Aa thrills the aoal wlieB llpa rreelre , .
Aa ioaplretlea klia.
In illllarlni belli of apleador rare .
Vn paaaad tbe mldnlihi koara I
la eardeai beau tlful end fair
I've wandered 'mlditlkeooweH ,
But there 'i aetklai ao detleleu n
la look a world aa tbla,
Ab pioaa oae.areettoB, and
A notarial pleaaara klaa.
la mt laat knur wkea deatk drawa aear,
la darkaeaa aad ra floem,
Mey weeaaa'a amlkj my pathway ekear
And ga'de me to Ike tomb ,
Andwbea my aoal obeli aeak tke light , ,
Of ether worlda lhaa tbli,
Give me to wing it fcr Ita tight,
, A paroayrmel hiee.
TUB BLACK HILLS.
WIIERC TUKV ARE, AMD BOW TO RIACB
TIIKM.
Prohulilv no topic t nivacnt clniinn
n Inrgxr almre of intcrewt in the public
mind than the newly aiscovereu ivi;ion,
known in general terms us the. Black
Hills. Yet prolialily too, not one in
five hundred, if nuked to locate defi
nitely tli is much talked of rejjiou, could
do no with any neenraey. o propone,
therefore, first to tell our rendeni
WHERE TI1E BLACK HILLS ARK.
Ther lie in Wvoniini and Dakota,
between the 43d and d&th degreoa ui
latitude, and occupy am area ol alvout
100 miles in Icnirth, Northerly and
Southerly, and about aixty mile in
breadth. Their bane is about 2,5(M) to
3,000 feet above the sea level, antl the
hiirhest IK'uks (lo not exceed 7,000 feet.
The Kitatern iMninilury line of Wy
oming, 1 1141 ti parallel nt longitude, runs
about midway through the hills. The
whole rniitro ol the bill lie In the
forkBof the llig Cheyenne River.which
is tho most important stream in that
reon, and which pours Itself into the
.Missouri, some bu miles anovo port
Picn-8.
HOW THE BLACK HII.1JI HAVE RKKN
HITIIEBTO REACHED.
From either Fort Sully or Fort
Pierre, in a duo West direction to the
Wyoming line, which runs through
the centre of the hills nearly, is a dis
tance of 220 miles on an air-line.
Formerly there was a road from Fort
Pierre to Fort Laramie, over which
military and tradein'stores were freight
ed, and the distance fixed at 32A miles.
I he rood necessarily passed over the
bad lands considerable of the distance.
Any route followed from tbe Upper
Missouri will encounter them. In tho
Hummer the heat is intenso in the
country between the Upper Missouri
and the Black Bills, tho grass is not
good for stock, and the water is strong
alknline. I'or these tacts, says the
Cheyenne leader, we are indebted to
persons who have frequently passed
over the routo during the past twenty
five years, to officers of the army, and
to tho oflleial reports of Lieutenant G.
K. Warren and Brevet Brigadier (fen
crul W. F. Reynolds, of the Topograph
ical Kneineers of tho United Slates
Army, tho former of whom twice ex
plored the country in 1855-6, and again
,d a I . 1 - I . . iK iiim f , i
in lOUI-O, HI1U 111V lllbivr ill lOUf-UV-
WI1Y CALLED BLACK HIT.LS.
Tho Black Hills tako their name
from tho dark green appearance that
the magnificent forests of pine, that
cover their sides ana top, give to incm.
I think it safe to say,'rsays Dr. Hay-
den, in his geological report of their
exploration in tsoa-uu, page a, "that
at least one-third of this area, (estima
ted at 6,000 square miles by bim,) or
about 2,000 square miles, is covered
with excellent pine timber, or l,zeu,
000 acres. Now, tbe next question
arises, how is this timber to b made
available T At least four to six months
in the year these streams (Belle Four
che and South Fork of Cheyenne) are
quite high. Tho logs could be cut and
transported to tbe sides of tho streams
during tho dry season, and when the
streams are high in the Spring of the
year, they could be taken down into
the Missouri River with a good degree
of safety and caw.
"The Black Hills, which appear in
tho distance, and derive their name
from their dark and gloomy appear
anco, contain an inexbaustiblo quantity
of tho finest timber, mostly pine.whiclt
will doubtless remain undisturbed tor
many years to come." .
FERTILITY, CLIMATE, AND MINERAL
WEALTH.
The fertility of the soil in the Black
Hills was noticed by Lientcnnnt War
ren, in 1858. Speaking of tho valleys
in that region, ho says in bis report of
year: "In these mountain formations
which border tho great plains of the
West, are to be found beautiful flowing
streams and small, rich valleys covered
over with fine grans for hay, and sus
ceptible of cultivation by means of
irrigation, pine timner lor fuel ana
lunibcr, limestone, and good stone for
building purposes aro here abundant.
Gold has been found in valuable quan
tities, and, without doubt, tbe more
common and useful minerals will be
discovered when more minute examin
ations are made."
In tin. name report, further on, he
says: "The country furnishes the
means of raising sufficient quantities of
grain and vegetables tor the use or the
inhabitants, and beautiful, healthy ,and
desirable locations for their homes.
Tbe remarkable freedom here from
sickness is one of tho attractive feat
ures of the region, and will, in this re
spect, go far to recompense the settlor
from the M ississippi valley for his loss
in the smaller amount of products that
can be taken from tbo soil. Tho great
want of auitablo building material
which now so seriously retards the
growth of tho West will not be felt
hero.
IIOW TO REACH THE BLACK KILLS,
The rout from Choyenne northward
is tbe safest, spoediost, cheapest, and
bost to reach tbe mack 11 ills, t hey-
enno is at the junction of two compet
ing railroads from the f.itst the (J moo
Pacific and Kansas Pacific. It will be
two day' railroad travel to Cheyenne
from Chicago or rJt. JjOUi.
From Cheyenne there are two routo
to the Hills. The one by way of Fort
Laramie, Raw llido Duties, Old Wom
an a rork, ana uoavsr iiwk, is one
hundred and cighty-twn miles. This
route passes through a settled country
lor a hundred miles or so. There is
now a stag lint on it that parries the
United States mail to and from tbo
fort, and also passenger at 110 apioce.
Tho other routs is by way of Heel's
ranch, down Horse Croek to near its
month, crossing the North PlatU River
at Nick J anise's ranch, about thirty
miles east of Fort Laramis, and thence
in a Northerly direction over a good
road to Rett Cloud Agency. This
routs Is also traveled by a stage Una,
whk'h Carrie th nail and pwngT
from Cheyenne to Red Cloud anal
Spotted Tail AgenCle."The far to
Red Cloud ts 115, and the distant
. . ' ' . ... T , '
IE 11)
CLEARFIELD,
from there to tho Black pills is about
fifty mile.
THE Fl'TL'RE IN STORE FOR TUAT REOION.
General W. F. Reynolds, who made
a topographical survey of this region
in 185B-60, says: "The whole region
of tbe Black Hills is unquestionably, at
no distant date, to afford homes for a
thriving population. The mountains
will furnish a sufficient supply of pine
lumber lor ordinary uses, and although
timber is very seat roe in tlrs twion as
a wbols (from Kort Pierre to the Pow
der River), yet the Black Hills wiU
fully supply this great deficiency in
the districts immediately adjoining."
Hi routs from the Missouri River, led
him to too Forks of the Big Cheyenne,
and thon he skirted the Northeast and
North aide of the hills. He describe
them in bis journal as a succession of
mountain range with Deatituui valleys
between, the soil of which is rich and
fertile, -and 'twrered with heavy
growth of grass. (Jrovoa of ash, oak,
elm, and other varieties of timber aro
mentioned as being met with, fringing
the clear, beautiful streams of water,
putting down from the hills into the
Bulls Forui'he. Botwcon the forks of
Choyenno very decided ovidencos of
tbe existence ol gold were lonna ; dui
prospecting was discouraged by him
on account of danger from tho Indians,
and for fear of making the cxoditione
a failure, "It was tor these reasons
that the search for gold was at all
times diacoiiragod," ho says, "yet still
it was often difficult to restrain the
disposition to 'prospect,' and thero wore
moments wheu it was fesred that some
ol tho party would defy all restraint."
These descriptions, and discoveries,
bo it remembered, of the Black Hills
were made sixteen or seventeen years
ngo by reliable army officers, whose
only object was to maketruthful roKi-ts
of tho country, and were made under
many disadvantages.
Tim daxokr oFWLKyms.
An exchange says : The great scar
city of employment at present existing,
while a serious matter for considera
tion in its connection with political
economy, bus also a moral aspect of
more itcrest, perhaps, than is generally
realised. The line iu the Sunday
school hymn to the effect that Satan
finds mischief for the idle bands to do
is not a mere nursery rhyme, but a
fact which just now Is receiving ils
verification, ll is frequently remarked
by people who have knowledge of
what they say, that enforced idleness
is loading many young men, laborers
and mechanics, into habits from which
they were entirely free when in work.
Aimless, and in many caaea discouraged
at the lack of employment, they loaf
about in public places, form undesira
ble acquaintance, drift into wloona,
and frequently, with a desperato hope
that the wheel of chance may turn in
their favor, enter the lair of th gam
bler and stake the little they may pos
sess upon ths turn of a card or tbo
throw of tbe dice. To be sure all this
indicates a ssd deficiency iu moral
stamina, but the fact remains that
what Iu such vaaea hue A,oewl i At
tack the weak spots in the character
of some of our laboring men is tbe
need of healthful and remunerative
employment. How this noed is to bo
met and the social danger obviated is
a question worthy of deep and earnest
attention.
That the times are full of demoralisa
tion must be evident to any observant
person. The question of how to sup
ply the safeguard which Is lacking is
a most difficult one, Din one tnai can
bo met It may be met partially by
the determined rotusal to bestow char
ity when thero is ability to woik. Tho
man or woman who is ablo to porform
labor should be made to do it before
receiving help, aim being steadily
withheld irom eticn. remaps iv i"
true that there is too much giving in
one way and too little in another. A
portoct system or chanty woum em
brace the idea of making those able to
labor work for th benefit of those who
are unable. Thus a dollar might be
niado to do double duty. 1 bis, how
ever, is but one phase of tho question
How to employ the masses is a broader
phase, with which it might be well for
the authorities, lor capitalists, and es
pecially for political economists to busy
tbemacives, is an instance oi uiii
vigorous employment will do toward
the suppression of vice, the experience
of Major C. H. Mulan, formorly of tho
British army In India, is interesting.
On assuming command of four hundred
men at Singapore, be undertook:, as a
means of relbrming and christianising
tho soldiers, to improve the surround
ings of their barracks. Accordingly
be had them nrenare a cricket ground.
a work of great difficulty, be himself
doing bis share ol the work, and also
interested them in gnraonnig. in a
few months the barracks in a jungle
became a pleasant residence in the
midst of gardens and playgrounds,
while tbo moralt of the men was equally
improved. Tbe result, stated in brief,
in tbe maiors own worus, was mis
The number of esse of drunkenness,
in four hundred and nine men, for the
six weeks proceeding the commence
ment of the work, bad been ninety-
two i for the nix weeka after it had
commenced, fifteen.
Blood Restoration. General F. P,
Blair, who has been prostrated lor
long time by a paralytic attack, has
been greatly strengthened during the
past few weeks by the transfusion of
blood Into his veins. Two operations
had been performed up to Monday, and
a third one was to have been perform
ed on Tuesday. At the first operation
two ounces were injected, and at tbo
second one four ounces, tho patient
having first been deprived or twooun
oe by blooding. A favorable change
has taken place, me pauenr, mnmiesv-
ing Increased consciousness and articu'
lating mora distinctly. Tbe St. Louis
RevMican describes the transfusion
process as follows: "The blood for
transfusion is drawn intra ins veins oi
a healthy man into a vessel, where it
is allowed to remain in contact, wnn
the oxvgonislng properties of the at-
mospiicro lor a short urao, dui nov
long enough to commence coagulating.
It is than sucked into an exhausted re
ceiver, to which a tube is attached and
connected with a vein of the patient's
arm. The blood is then forced by
piston in tho receiver into the general
circulation ot tho system. On the sido
ol ths exhausted receiver is a scalo of
fine lines, so that ths quantity forced
into th vain is gradasted and timed
under tbe practiced eye of tho physi
cian.
Blifkln was in Chicago ths other
day wben be received a totter Irom
his young wife, saying to him that "on
this lovely spring morning a bird is
singing in my hoart," and old Bllf.
lust looked wild a minut and thon
took a freight train tor homo, mutter-
lag to himself, "T born Beocber a sen
tlments. old man, keep yoareye peeled.
PRINCIPLES, NOT MEN. ........ ' . "
, , , ' - ft.,.J. . .-- i- --. - ; r "" " '."TT:
PA., WEDNESDAY, MAY 5, 1
As the season Kir starting up the
mills is nt hand, it is believed that
some information about th lumber
traflie lor the post year, the offluial
statement of the amount of stock on
hand at tbe beginning; of the present
year, together with an estimate of the
stock cut by tho respective firms dur
ing the winter, and now being Hosted
into the boom, will be ol interest not
only at home bnt abroad. Thus fur
the spring bas been favorable- for the
log floaters, and the indications are that
ths entin stock will roaoh the boom in
safety, and that tho mills will start np
about th first of May under favorable
circumstances. ' At present tbe river is
in good rafting order, tho small moun
tain struams have kept up well, and
tbe drives bav been managed with
bnt little trouble so fitr. "' - ' j
Th resolution of the Lumberman's
Exchange last summer recommending
each firmtoredticetbeircut very large
ly during the winter, was a very w ise
one, and will certainly redound to the
advantage of every manufacturer dur
ing tho present season. It is estimated
by well informed manufacturer that
the total amount of stock to be re
ceived in tho Williamsport and Lock
Haven booms will pot exceed 250,000,
0(H) feet. At present it is thought
thero are about 76,000,000 feet in the
Williamsport boom, and tho logs are
coming livoly. '
' I.08T I.OI1B.
During the ico flood it is estimated
that between five and six millions of
feet ol logs wore carried down tho
stream. I.fTorts havo been made to
secure as many of them as possible,
and the men appointed by the "runa
way logcommiUo"of tho Lumbermen's
Exchange, to ascertain the number
caught and banked during the floods,
havo returned, and report that from
the Williamsport dam to Loyalsock
about three thousand logs havo been
been caught by men along tho river,
and that between Loyalsock and Co
lumbia tlam about scvon thousand logs
aro on tho banks. Tliologs bear the
various marks of Wost Branch lum
bermen. ,.
In order that tho statistics reluting
to the lumber business may bo made as
intelligible as possible, it is deemed
bost to give tho estimate ot lumber in
tbo Williamsport market on tho 1st of
January, 1875, as officially reported to
tho Exchange and attested by Col. F.
E. Kmliiclt, the secretary. It is as
follows :
fords.
Plae.
Hemlock! Letk.
BC Bowman ACo
B H TaylorA Soa
F Coleman ...
Broee. K'y A ee
8.004 HI 97 01)01 1.S4I 000
4.7hOoon l.eiioooej l.oooons
10,711 AS! I77 7S4I ,llvt
0,1147 671 i 7HU' 1,44 211
1,AS9,I0 444IU 1,10000
1,84.1000 SO 001'' 2. .100 000
S.OIUOOOI 1,014 400 I.2U700
1,300 000 , 400,0, 1,400 000
j.liojjo son 700
T,4S!0I 1 40 0001
KlftOIHS 1,14004- 100 000
10,204 500. 140 3,404 00
1,000 400 1O0 040 300 000
4,14 4711 1,141 144
3.IV413H. S801
11,444 3.14 SO 000 l,7MIOO0
4,600 000 1 5 000 1,740 000
an eae nan ... .
4.0 H4M ll4:lko 12340
10.7 1H 10 000 1,304 040
I.SOO 4011 7 000
I4.OS4 004 3,7VI404 S.I.SS 00a)
1.000 000 330 404 I.44J0I.0
I, III 0
,.124 400 131444 1,841400
S, 144 404 400 000
444 404 1,600 0041
(,677 7401 l,70J24j 1,112 404
Ten Kycke A oo
iVooll B a Tina n
Thow'n H'p'rAooj
G W galnn .......
F u Merrill A CO..
Eder. lloo'l A P ri
Taker! Goodrich
While.L'alilW't
CenueldAColton
Flniay, Y'eg A eti
A 0 k'ianey A ee.
B T Milla Lu'r eo
Slonaker.H'dAoJ
t A oo A- Hncd
P G Feaalrr A eo
lerh'rA Meeaoo
R M Fureimaa.J
D'ge.Jamel Mt'aj
Merrimee A aeeij
N Willlame....
Roed'g.l'iih'r Aoal
Maynerd a -O...I
Lulener A Moore
Joba lubole....
TolWlltiaieapert
11,247 457 I4.0IS 474 3SJ 1 054
AAoh Ifeveej
322 0(71 1,7714001 3,174100
S.0OO SOOi ......
4.20040 3,100 041
19,4oS37S 1,447 4651 41000
" Belnmora...J
Port DepoeitJ
I'blle'iellihlBJ
Total, Jan. I, 1el34.74St lS,H4.ia 4t,eM24
Tbe total ameeat efplakete, Jemury 1, 117ft,
were i,li,4W pleeea.
I.CMBER SHIPPED LAST TEAR.
During the year 1874, the shipments
of lumber from Williamsport, by rail
and canal, reached 2.tr,80e,2Hb' leet, a
decline of only 6.656,200 feet under tho
shipmenw ot 1873. Ths tolul amount
shin,ied from here and other points is
as follows:
Peel.
From Williamiport HHM.H......,
From Look Haven-
From Reaove and other point!
From Lvoeoatog ereek regioo
From Pine ereek aad Jeraay oaqrew.
.H0,en,l
. 10,000,1)1)0
. ..13l,SX0
. li,s4s,aso
. 4,s:i,44i
Total. 28,SI3,S4
For tho first quarter of 1875, tho
shipments front Williamsport foot up
Z2,!t4I,6oO tocl, a decrease, as compared
ith tho samo period in 1874, ot 2!,-
499,149 feet. ThisfallingofTwascausod
. j . 1
uy iuo tieprcBsea conuuion 01 iuo lum
ber market during the winter. As tho
spring opens up trade increases, and it
bids lair to grow better as the season
advances.
The stock of lumber on hand, Janu
ary 1, 1874, nt williamsport, was as
follows: l'ino, Z20,!wl,ir22 Icot; hem
lock, 19,872,444 feet; lath, 58,541,100
pieces; pickets, 1,280,250 pieces.
STOCK LAST WINTER.
Tho following is an estimate of the
stock cut in the woods Isst winter by
tho various llrms, and now being float
ed to tho boom. As far as possible tbe
figures have boon obtainod from tbo
manufacturers themselves, wbileothors
hav been estimated. It is belioved to
be s fair estimato of Ibo new stock,
ithout any relcrenco to the old :
R. M. Fererean...... 1,400,400
Sloeaker, Howard A Oe,. ........ ......... 4,000,004
White, Lenta A While 8,000,000
Flnlar, Young A Co 8,0,10.00
Barrowa A Cen 17,000,100
JobaDaBeie. 1,000.000
Headiog, Fiiber A 0o.. 3,000,000
Peter Ifardia 7,040,004
P. A. Fouler A Oe.. , 3,IM0,004
N. Shaw A Co. 10 00,00
Woolrerton A Tiaaniee.. 2,600,00
O. W. Qulnn n. .4O0,l 00
Tbampena. Harper A Oe 3.004.00
B. C. Bomaa A He.. ... 1,044,400
Finney, WlUleoia A Co......... 1,004,000
H. Mcrrlmea A Boa J,0O0 000
F. Coleman .-. ,4ll4,0O
Peek, Berrewe A Oe -t 1.000,000
Slarkwaelhar A Maoaa.... ........... 4,000,40
Broea, Early A Ca ,., 4,1)00,000
Edor, Hoaeei A Dee over 4.000,010
B. H. Taylor A Boa I.one.aoo
Canteld A Coltea 14,000,400
Dodao Mill 16,000,000
Jeiaeeea A Fl.her - 4,004.000
J. B. 44 ray 2, .',40, 000
Olio A gone.. l.ooo.eoo
Tkomea To.lar.. 4.000,000
Total.
In the hurry ofeolleetlng the figures
it Is possible that some operators have
been overlooked, dui upon ins wuoio
it has been aimed to make the amounts
a nearly correct as possible. There
ar other firms who havo out logs and
will bring them to this market inr talo
to mill men. whose names, and ths
amount, could not be asoortainod. it
is estimated, bowever, that the anm to
tal of their stock will reach 50,000,000
of foot, which, on bolug added to tho
above, will make grand total of about
200,wOO,000 in round number. IV if
lutmfprri Bulletin.
"I say, landlord," Mid a Yankee,
"that's a dirty towel fur a man to wipe
on." Landlord, witba look of anas
ment, replied, Well, air, yotj'ra mighty
nart cu ar. Htxtv or 'Seventy 7 my
boardorshavs wlpetr on that towel
this morning, and y oo art tbe first one
iv !V.' 1 ' ' .-.V V. . -.(-.' ''''' -V,'-1.' ; '
That a iiittn must euitTur is ono of
the laws of life, und an Immutable one.
The sin of our first parents entailed it
upon us, and tt is ts ahetird to attempt
to oxist without breathing as to strive
to oape this unalterable deei of
Providence. Tho endeavor is always
as futile as it is foolish. Yol many
people waste their Urn in laboring to
avoid pain and trouble. When they
fnil they bicomo melancholy, crabbed,
and cynicul.
Having possessed false views of life
their disillusionment has proved too.
niuob lor them. They have degen
erated Into misanthropes, Out upon
the weaklings I Why, tho very title is
synonymous with that of coward.
Were it not for tho caret, griefs, and
disappointments that tail to tbe lot of
us all, we should become too enamored
of life ; and, when the summon! oamo
to take our places In the "Innumerable
caravan that moves to the pale renlms
of shade," wo should shrink back ap
palled, and beg to "bo not yet cut off."
A healthy man is never misanthropic:
tbo condition is too unnatural. Sick
ness sometimes excuses it, but even
then a strong character generally keeps
up u smiling face. What though the
world does grow cold, and lurtune- re
fuses to smile? U is neither manly
nor Christian to grow morose and dis
contented. Misanthropy Isonly anoth
er namo for despair. As long as a
man has hope, he is not bothered by
it. "Life bus its clouds, but most of
them have their silver linings, if we
only watch and wait." 1 !
Do not these retleciions reminu you,
reatler, of the subject of a former essay
nly a short time ago namely, the
being who was described as "unstable
as wnturr laKo np me inreati oi
tbo description where wo left it, and
yon will havo tho It to of a purposeless,
VHScilbiliug creature.
Is there nothing pitiful to you,
rentier, ill the picture of this middle-
ged mnn, whoso work remains lor
ver niidono. who had planned in youth
to reap such an abundant harvest, but
who stands now, in tho very prime
and summer of bis age, with the spring
crops still unsown, with tbo fields of
bis life bare and barren, with the brood
lands of opportunity still untilled, bring
ing no luterust against mo uay wneu
his accounts would be required of bim?
If wo miss the seed-time, what shall
weeven think of casting into the ground
when our neighbor's wheat is ripening?
t.instahlo as water, a lite aitogctu-
er wrong, tho time has not been re
deemed, the seed bas not been sown,
and there is no grain for tho gathering.
Dear reader, there is a kind oi wile
w ho might save such a man, even at
tbe eleventh hour a wile with a clear
head and a strong will, able to carry
thinira with a high band clever and
active and determined, and economical
witbul. Such a wife might bo tbe
arior ol this unstable man ; but, as a
matter of course, such a wile be docs
not seek, bnt rather ono who Is ocntlo
and loving and trusting a Woman who
is perleetlv incompetent to Ughl out
everv battle a woman with a sweet.
placid luce with calm, inougiitiui even
withsmooth.gloasy hair with timid,
caressing manners with no head to
placo, but with a heart to be broken.
it i hard lor n to write aooui sum
a lovely woman us this man chooses
fur a wife hard tor us to go on and
tell of tho storms and rain that fall
iiMn that drooping head of the trials
and crosses that bow that poor hoart
before tho lies down lo sleep tbe only
leacclul slumber our poor Immunity
knows, oho is not tbe wile lor this
man, and he is not the husband for her;
but, notwithstanding, they tako ono
another for better or for worse. There
is no better to tho matter, however
t is all worse. It is like everything
else he undertakes a mistake, A
man "unstable as water," fond of fish-
ng, shooting, and hunting, a man who
keeps open house at all times, is net
calculated to mako a woman happy.
Inafoshionnblechnrrhtbe marriage
takes place. On a bright, sunshiny
day ho brings homo his bride, the sum
mer sun gladdening tho earth; the
autumn is tar off, like the man's good
intentions; "the future is the tiino to
mend." Tho new made, wife views hor
future prospects through tho medium
of a stained gloss window. With un
pleasant facta she soon becomes ao-
3uaintcd, and lives, in after times, un
cr a shadow that grows longer, and
darker as tho hours of lile's day decline,
and desolation appears to take up a
permanent abode witn hor.
How can words ever irive tho faint
est idea of all the suffering that liefall
the wile ol a man "unstable as watcrr
How can pen and ink ever tell how
great her bitterness ?
rinallv, there come a great oai in
and hush over her, and in a happier
land she finds tho peace and calm sno
nover fonnd in the bittcrworld through
which she was led by a mnn "unstable
ns water." .
lint Wo cannot dismiss the present
subject without a few reflections which
suggest themselves In the form ol pieeos
of sdvico to our readers. To those
who require such counsel wo should
say : W hon you undertake to do any
thing, be in earnest about it ; oo it wnn
your might. Fortune and fame are
often lost by not boing in earnest.
This is a real world a world ot real
work, real success, real conflicts, reul
fsilurcs, real triumph, real defeat.
And let no one be so ovcr-eonntlent in
bit own abilities at to look with differ
ence upon tbo difficulties before bim
the dangers and trials thai ne must pass
in order to reach tbe goal upon which
liis eyo is fixed. Full and glorious
suocoss nevor yet did crown the languid
and indifferent exorcises of the powers
of mind and body. It requires sftbrt
to push ono's craft agaiuts ths current
ol rivalry, jealousy, antl vice ; anu u
ono Would havo his progress marked
by complete triumph, his efforts must
ho well directed, constant, and unro-
Itxing. But ho who feels that ho has
onlv to Ho Inactive and wait for the
wind or fortune to drill nun into tne
haven of wealth and Inme, has lost
overy premise of success and is In far
more dancer of ultimate disaster than
the tempewt-tossed mariner, though his
most be gone, aud hit vessel shattered
snd torn by tbo raging aca. be in
earnest; meet the difficultly which
daily arise) with determination to oou-
anor and rise) above tliem. Let Dot
your adversary find you sleeping
dreaming of an easy conquest. I
much confidence in one's power is
fatal lo success, and often bring dofeat
most disastrous, lie laitbtul : be truo;
bo kind ; be firm : bo earnest. PkUa-
ddphut Commcnuraltk.
Mrs. Polk, widow of the Right Rev.
Bishop Folk, a venerable and much
esteemed lady, died at her residence.
in New Orleans, at a late hour on tbs
17th inst.
Kx -Confederate (len. J. B. Hood, has
beaten his sword Into a piowshare.and
upturns th ami or Mtnneeiexrta wnn it
AN AWfl L CRASn ON THE rail two
TRAINS SOUTH WARD BOINll WRECKED
ON THE OUTSKIRTS OF WASHINGTON
REMARKABLE ESCAPE FROM A DEPLOR
ABLE DISASTER THE BLAME NOT
PLACED. ,
Washington, April 28. A collision
occurred on the Baltimore and Poto
mac Railroad about five o'clock this
afternoon, just outside tho tunnel near
the eastern branch, between the 4:53
train for this city and tbe Now York
train due hero at 6:13 p.m. A visit
to the scene of the accident to-night
shows that the catustropho was of a
most serious chnractor. Laborers,with
ths light of torches, were engaged in
removing tbe wreck from tho road,
and expected to have tho track cleared
before morning. , The trams departing
and arriving transferred the passengers
and baggnge to eithor end of tbe
wreck, thus causing but slight delay to
travel between Washington and tho
North. It was remarked generally
as fortimato that tho collided cart did
not run off the track, as in such case
they would havo been precipitated
over ths embankment, which is fifteen
or twenty feet in height nt that place.
Tho accident occurred not more than
200 or 300 yard from the bridge cross
ing the eastern branch of the Potomac.
Had tho collision occurred one minute
earlier on tho bridge, the loss of lite
would have boon fearful. From In
formation obtained at the scene of dis
aster it appears that the engineer on
the northern-bound train did not stop
sufficiently long on the switch near the
mouth of tbe tunnel to allow tho south
ern-bound train to pass, but proceeded
on his way and met tho -latter train
first around a curve coming nt lull
speed, that train being entitled to the
right of way. Tho crash caused by
tho collision was fearful, both engines
and four cars being completely demol
ished, tbo tender ot one engine being
thrown on ton of its cimino. Throe of
tho cars wrecked were attached to the
north-bound train, and tho fourth one
to tho south-bound train. Tbo follow
ing named persons were injured:
Uea. MaAfee. enilneerofthetortb-bonnd train,
ehin out open, and elborwlee injured about the
laee.
Jaeob Frye, engineer ot the foathera-Boand
trala, leg brokaa by jempiog from tba train.
Beery Baethal, Oreman, iojarod Internally.
Tbomaa Colline, ef Baltimore, eaverely bruiaed.
Ueorge Purity, Weitera t'aion telegraph op
erator, eut and brulaad.
Albert Kedieeyor, a paaaeogar, wrlft broken.
Buchanan, eenductor, eat aeont tba bend and
face.
Ckarlei McCarty, of Waaliington, D. C , a poll
en ger, ellghlly injured.
Several other passengers, whose
names could not be ascertained, wore
slightly injured, but were ablo to pro
ceed on their jouruey or return lo
their homes in this city. McAfee,
Baker, Collins, Frye, Becbtcl, and
Durity were taken to Providcnco llos
J Hal and received proper medical aid.
acob Fryo, engineer of tho incoming
train, says tho north-bound train
should have remained on the switch
at the mouth of tho tit unci at least
fifteen minutes, even if be had been
behind time, but bo was on time, tnd
l.mUmA .4 t.w !. .It.e
the eastern branch bridge, when ho
found one minute to reach the switch
Just then he sighted tho north-bound
train coming around tbo curve. Ho
immediately put on the air-brakes, re
versed bis engine, and jnmped off,
breaking his leg. The company will
immediately make an examination into
the circumstances attending this dis
aster, with tho view of ascertaining
where tho responsibility rests.
Mr. W. Z. Ring, surveyor of customs
nt Greenport, New lork, who was a
pssscnger on the Now York express
winch lull mat city SI e:u tnis morn
ing, makes the following statement
Die train lelt New York on time.
When w arrived at Philadelphia the
train was detained from some cause. 1
think wo miiBt havo been from ten to
liftoen minutes behind time when we
left there, though wo arrived at that
city on time. 1 do not think we made
up any of that lime until we loll Balti
more, when, tho train ran at a vory
rapid rate, so lost. In fact, as to occasion
considerable uneasiness on the part of
tho passengers, and this fast traveling
was evidently lor me purpose ot max
ing up tho time lost by tho detention
at Philadelphia. Tho first indication
1 had or a collision, or oi anyiuing
wrong, was just aftor we left the east
ern branch of tho Potomac rivor, enter
ing Washington, and in lull view of
ino uomo oi llie iaiuui, v lieu wiviu
was a sudden and terrific crash, occa
sioned by tho engines of tho express
train, on which 1 was travelling, ana
the engine of the HalUmoro train com
info collision and telescoping, tho boil
or of one engine being run completely
nto lbs other. The baggage car oi
the express train moving south was
ran on ton ol th engine, anu rested
upon the ground only upon tho rear
truck, tbe other trucks being upon the
engine, and the car thus, forming an
angle ol forty-flvo degrees. No ono
was seriously burt in tne cur i occu
pied, which was the rear car, tho only
lljurier. Tvnunuig iiwh n ,vi; j
lar. There were lour passenger cars.
including the smoking anu paiaco oars.
The passengers sll left tho cars to as
certain tbe amount el damage, and t he
first ohiocts that mot my view were
two men imprisoned bctwocn tho floor
of the baggage car of the out-going
tram and tho first passenger car oi tne
samo train, tho former car having com
pletely mowed down the passenger
car. Tho men were in a space of
about sixteen inches, and tbo great
wonder is that they were not crushed
to death. They were, however, releas
ed in the course of half an hour and
both fosnd to bo injured, though ono
of them, who was underneath tho
othor. was ablo to walk. No ladies
wore iniurcd. Une oi mo engineers,
to which engine he belonged 1 do not
know,waa hauled out of the rubbish iu a
rightful condition, being tommy cut
about the bond. There was not a
great deal of outcry, and generally tho
nastengors seemed lo be culm. The
ladies on tbo train wore much fright
ened. Tho majority of tho Injured
were on the outgoing train. If we
had been fifteen seconds further back
when the train came Into collision we
should probably havo gone into the
river. Vt e bad just reached ury isna
when tbe crash came.
Education. To read the English
huuruag well, to write with despatch
a neat, legible hand, and be master of
the first tour rules in arniimouo, so as
to dispose of at once, with accursoy,
overy question of figure which come
up in practice I call this) a good edu
cation. - And if you add tbe ability to
write grammatical Knglisb, i regard
it aa an excellent educatiou. These
are the tools. You an do much with
them, i ThoV are th foundation ; and
unless yoa begin with these, all your
flashy attainment, a little geology, and
all other oioaiss and osopbiea, are os
tentation mbhish. WKwrrf AWrf
CAE
TEBMS-$2 per annam in Advance.. .
NEW SEltlES-YOL. 16, NO. 18.
One of the objectionable tvny of lx)- J
... . . . . J . ,
( I coming rich is threatened to be stopped '
oa-ijhv the action ol tbo New York Safety I the
iOT Fund Fire Insurance law, and thostoeMt01"
holders of curtain fire Insurance com
panies havo waxed wroth at its oicra
tion and would fsin docry its wisdom
and usefulness, It bas been tho eas
tern hitherto with certain fire com
panies to divide their profits at th end
of the year and puttbem in thoir stock
holders' pockets, i Littlo or nothing
was reserved for a surplus fund to
meet extraordinary contingencies, and
when those happened the company
would wring Its hands, deplore tho un
fortunate decrees of an inscrutable
Providence, and go Into bankruptcy, j
The stockholders would then immedi
ately re-organlte under another name,
the business would continue and the
sums thing happen over again,- As
tho dividends of tire insurance com
panies often range iu fortunate yoars
from 20 to 50 per cent, on tho cupital
invested, it is easy to sec that stock
holders at least in Now York could
boconio rich very rapidly on this sys
tem, it is "bends I win, tails you lose"
on a gigantic scale.
The average proportion oi surplus
over liabilities to total liabilities (in
cluding capital) held by all the joint
stock "tiro companies of tho State of
ow York is about one-third; yet n
we descend to particulars it will be
found thnt but forty-seven out of the
ono hundred snd two companies mnk
ing the aggregate possessed, at tho ter
mination of tho year 1874, a surplus
fund of one-third. Somo of them, in
deed, possessed nono nt nil. While it
is not held thut tho absence of such a
'und renders n company unsafe, It is
held thnt its possession adds greatly to
its ability to survive disaster, und that
the unuveniiCHS of insurance profits ren
ders it due to tho insured that such a
fund should bo accumulated. Fire
losses are paroxysmal : in somo years
ev are few : in others many, i hoy
may be vory light fur n series of years;
then vcrv heavy 4'or another series.
Contrary wise, premiums may rule very
light for many yeurs. Competition
end tho absence of great losses may
render them so. I bore may come a
lew great fires, and up will go at once
tho weak companies (into bankruptcy)
and tbo premiums charged by the sur
vivinir strom ones. So it see-saws
years of plenty followed by years of
death.
Hitherto during tho former, tbo
stockholder liss taken oat his confort
ablo littlo fifty per cent, and piously
thanked tho Lord lor ins mercies.
1 hiring tho succeeding period of mis
fortuno he bas usually abandoned the
company to its lulu slid embarked hit
fortune in some new craft rather than
coutinue with tho old. Tho averagi
New York stockholder was too truly
pood n man to onnrrcl with what
seemed to bim tho established order of
affairs ; ha was satisfied to take ad
vantage of them. To all this tbo New
York Balcty rut.d law ot inru iu,
1874, puts a stop. Jl ts oascu on mo
I,. . tl. Una no 4t.e ininrancoie
not absolute the insuring classes have
an interest in tho premium oven after it
is earned. 1 1 provides that after divid
ing soven per cent, tho company shall
reserve its profits and dlvido them into
two equal funds. One of those shall
ho liablo tor losses iuo same as mo capi
tal. In cose of a conflagration so ex
tensive and calamitous at to sweep
away tho capital and this surplus, then
tho other fund shall come into play,
not to pay losses but to re-insuro the
un burned policy-holders by starting
tlio company afresh on tho basis of
this Safety Fund, and such now sub
scriptions of stock at the ttockholdcrs
may make unuur mo inw. iuwoiaiuij'
Fuud is not compulsory ; a company
may como in under it or not, as it
chooses; but at the fact will be sot
forth in print on all its policies the
Safety Fund Company will soon be
known to insurers, llenco tho growls
of the companies unwilling to accept
its provisions.
Our Philadelphia companies are not
concerned in this matter. They have
always mndo it a practice to heap up
largo surpluses lor extraordinary dis
asters, and their dividends have nover
lvcon more than moderato ones. But
tho new Inw grates harshly upon the
Now York stockholder. It says to
him, henceforth you must be content
with more modest diviucnas ana oo
placed in a position to pay up your ex
traordinary losses rattier man go into
bankruptcy or tho law w'ill brand
rou and your policies ss on-oniuiy
'und. and tho puhlio will thus be noti
fied to exercise more than ordinary
scrutiny int your affairs. i'AifdiW
phia Timet.
a aw
OnioiN ur tub Word "Protestant."
With tho month of April is associat
ed tho derivation and dissemination in
a formal and omciat manner ui ino
designation of Protestant. The Em
- . i . L .
peror Charles the r inn caiicu a uiut nt
'. . . .:,l e
Mpiros in li)z to request am iivm oiu
German princes against tho Turks.and
Ui devise mesnsfor allaying the disputes
irrowinir out of Luther's rebellion
against Catholicism. The diet con
.lumnoJ the reformer and issued a de
creo in support of tho doctrines of tho
ancient church. Against this doereo
six Lutheran princes and mo ucnuuui
ol thirteen towns oi ino rmpini ioiiia
ally protested on April 17, 15:10. From
this act tho designation of Protestant,
which then was givon to mo ionowora
of Luther, is derived. Tho Calvinists
were stibscnucntlv tncitidca, ana me
title became general for all tbo sects
outside tho original mnsuan t uurcu.
The six urotesting princes wore John
and (icorgo. tho Electors of Saxony
and Bradcnbnrg ; Ernest and Francis,
the two Duke or Minennnrg ; mo
landgrave of llosee, and tho Princo of
Anhall.
A man In Baltimore cullod on a grave
digger one day to hnvohit wife's grave
sodded. Ho was an oxtrcinuly penu
rious man, and higgled a long time
over the prico of the sodding. Sud
denly ho becamo mute, while his eyo
were fixed upon a neighboring tomb
stone. His daughter aud tho grave
digger stood back in respect for th
feelings of the old gentleman.in whoso
mind they suiiposed tho tight ot that
tablot had called up llie memory m a
dear departed friend, for grief was de
picted in his iwuntenance, and ho was
..... .. . , t. . i. . j
visibly agiloieo. At lengia inw ueep
emotion which swelled bis bosom found
vent in this pathetic outburst, "My
(1 j when did that man die? Ho
owes mo two hundred dollars, and I'll
never see a cent of it I
The experiment of transfusing blood
has just been applied to General Frank
Blair, who bas for some timobeea
nrostrstod at his home at 8 1. "Louis
Six ounces of blood wore injoctcil Into
hi veins, and the result is said to be
favorable, -u ; ' j
XCKGIBLS, , ,
' " i i ', ' 3 - ''-
j There is nothing half ao sweet 'in
i life, half so beautiful Or supremely de-
lightful or so lovcublo as a nieo girl.
(Ino of lliosu lovely, lively, good imtur
ed, sweet laced, amiable), neat, natty,
pious, prayerful, iloiiioedio creature
'met within the sphere of homo, dilfus
i ing around tbe iiifiuvucu of her (.;od
I nut like tho essence of sweet flower.
A nice gil l is not the) lunguieliing
ibunhty drawling on I lie sofa sud tli.
' 'cussing tho last opera or novel, or lliu
! giritfl'e-liko creature sweeping majcslic
iully through tho drawing-cioni. '1 ho
. nko girl limy notoven piny ordanoe well,
and knows nothing anoui. using nor
eyes or coquetting with a Ian. She
never languishes, slio Is too active. Sho
is not given to sensation novels, alio is
(oo busy. In public she Is not in front
shoulders; she sits quiet ami unobtru
jsivo at the buck of the crowd most
likely. In fitct It 1 not often we dis-
YKT lier. Home ts ner pi.'-, -
t 1... U.linwut mill euncriiiUibils :
morning meal?- Who makes tbo
touxt and tea, and buttons tbe boys
sbiris, and feeds tho chickens, aud .
brightens up tho parlor and sitting-.
room ? Is it tbe languisher, or tba '
giraffe, or the elegant? ' Not a bit of
it. It' the nice girl. ' ' ! '
Her maidon toilet IS made in tba
shortest possible time, yet how charm
ingly it is done, and how elegant and
how neat her dross and oollarf If you,
covet anything, it is one of tho nice ,
girl's kisses. Not presenting her cheek ,
or brow liko a "fine girl," but an audi- '
bio smack which says plainly, "I lovs
you ever so much !'' '"" '
Breakfast over, down in the kitchen'
to see about dinner, and all day long
sbo is up and down, alwaya cheerful i
and light hearted, ribs never otraaea . -
to be active and usetul until the day is .
gone, when tho will polka with ths '
boys, or read, ting old songs or play.
old tunes to her father or mother fop
hours together. She is a perfect tree
uro, is tho nice girl. When sickness
comes It is sbo who attends with un- 1
wearying patience on tbe sick chamber.
There is no risk, no fatigue that sh
will not undergo, no sacrufice that she
will uot make. She is all love, all de
votion. I have ofteu thought it would
bo happiness to be watched by such '
loving eyes and tended by such a fuir
baud.
One of the strongest marked char
acteristics of a "nice girl" is tidiness
and simplicity of dress. She is invsri- '
ably associated in my mind with a
high frock, plain collar, and the neat
est of nice ribbons, bound with the
most modest brooch in tbo world. 1
never knew a nice cirl who disnlaved
a profusion of rings and- bracelets, or
who wore low dresses.
I say there is nothing iu the world
half so beautiful, half so intrinsically
good as a "nice girl." She is the
sweetest flower in the path of life.
There are others far more stately, far
more gorgeous, but these we moroly
admire as we go by. It is where tho :
daisy grows that we liks to rest.
PESITEXTURY CIIAPLALSS.
H would seem thst even the most
insignificant points of contest between
church and state which survivo in tho
United States are productive in kind
if not in degree of tbe samo rivalries,
jealousies, discriminations and persecu
tions w hich tne union oi cnurcn aim
Btalo develops in greater proportion
iu other countries. Tbe subject of
chaplains for the army and havy and
for Congress has always been a source
of heart-burning among the different
sects, each of which has thought and
J justly that it had as much right to
0;J, - ' ,, ... .It... tail
claim the position as any other. And
now the subject of jwnitentiary chap
lains is raging in New York and Ohio
and will doubtless soon rage in this
State.
We suppose this question will never
be set entirely at rctt, until the right
of any one sect to have a chaplain paid
by the general taxation of tbe State is
repudiated and some arrangement is
had by which any and-all sects that
will, shall bo allowed to minister as
freely at tho necessary regulations of
prison discipline will permit to tbe
spiritual wants of tbo inmates. Some
such arrangement is the only abso
lutely just and right one, and eventu
ally we presume it will come to that,
in this free country, where already it
galls many people to think that Catho
lics and Jews and Unitarians are taxed
to support preachers in imparting what
they believe to be grossly erroneous
notions in religion.
But meanwhile Christian charity
should dictate that too much fuss should
not be made about what is really a
small matter. It is not worth while
for the sects to be quarreling about tho
small patch of ground inclosed by tbe
jail yards, when the immense harvost-
ncld oi ino worm is waning lor utuur
ers. They ought to adopt tho witty '
viow of the matter taken, it is said, by
Gen. Cass, when the Episcopal chaplain
was removed from the Western peni ,
tcntiary, a few years ago, and a Pros-
bylnrisu ono tuustililteu. -"en, bbiu
tbe General, "it is sll right; tho chap
lain should always bo of tho same de
nomination as the majority of his con
gregation." Philosophically perhaps
the General was hardly right; for we
should think that the fact of any given
Beet furnishing an undue proportion of
inmates to our prisons wouiu oe prima
facie evidenco its ministors wore not
good moral instructors, and should not
be choson a chaplain. But, with th
hiirber wisdom of avoiding controversy
ou a burning question by a fine turn,
tho General's reply was replete Pitt,
burgh Leader.
Still In. Th Washington now
mongers have bad Secretary Delano
removed several timos within the last
month. Then ho had resigned, too J
but It seems he is still In position as
ono of the pillars of the government
of Grant, Tho Philadelphia Itraei in
alluding to the rumor of those Cabi
not changes, remarks that "Delano is
unpleasantly, situated. If hogoosout
of the Cabinet now it will bo charged
that be retired before grave accusa
tions of peculation in hit high office,
and if ho don't go out now. Congress .
will probably prove what is charged .
against him and send him homo in dis
grace. It is a sad dilemma fur a Cab
inet officer, and, like the ass between
the two bundles of musty hay, be
don't know which way to nibble. His
predecessor. Governor Cox, wasturned
out by tho President because he was
too honest to sllow speculators to prey
unon Indians snd railroads, and as
(rant never changes his mind, espe
cially under clamor or advice, it is un
reasonable to assume that ho will re
movo M r. Delano for doing what Gov.
Cox was removed for not doing. 8o
Delano tntmt decide tho perplexing
question bimsolf. Bond for BuUor I
A Tioiit Su,uiEr.B. They are telling
the story sines Dr. Talmago's sermon,
that a Brooklyn resident, name not
given, npiwared at tho gates of St Po
tcr for admission to Paradisa. The
snlnt turned to the register pages :
Where are you from?" "Brooklyn."
I don't think we can admit you ; rule
very strict. In fact, I can't do it.
Think of that scandal." It It said that
the Brooklyn man looked steady at
Peter and crowed three times, ilia
saintship colored, fumbled his key a
minute, and thon saia, -neu jou vem
go in j but don't do that gin to me."
A mas meeting of friend and, ad
mirer of tb late John Mitch II, com
prising psople of all nationalities, was
held at Riulimoiid on th 22d.
The Cincinnati Timu oalle a kern lion
to a Beasto Turner baavael, which ia
"very tin art and will aland the eross-
eat examination."