i
L .Ml W
v tub
"CLEARFIELD REPUBLIC AN,"
."' nnnmiirnT nrniur, ir '
QOODLAXDEI HtQEHTV,
CLIA&FIELD, PA.
ITAaLIIHED III !.
Tkt targes ClrcaUtloa of any Newspaper
, la North Central Peaaaylveala.
Tarmi of Subscription.
if Mid la edranee, or wlthla t oith....a OO
If said after I aid before I ewathe 9 SO
It paid afUr tt explratiea of ajonthe... OO
Bates ot Advertising.
Tralnt edrertleemeata, par equare of 10 HnMor
liee, I times or lau M II
For aaob unaequent ineerttoa.......,..M., SO
Aeatlaletretora' aad BiMutori' notioee....... t a
Aadttori aotloee mm mm .......m m S 10
Oeetlone and Etrjt-............. I SO
Dteeelatian aatteea 1 SO
Prefeeakonal Carde, a Un or leaa.l year.... I SO
Leeel aetloea, par Una tO
- YEARLY ADVERTISEMENTS.
1 aanare. 00 I 1 eolamn,
.$33 00
1 iqnerea.....l oolumn..
at 00
S( 00
a eauerea 00 1 eeiuauw.
''. Job Work.
BLANKS.
Slnale qulra.......t 00 0 qutrea, p?. qelre,ll
I quiree,pr, quire, 1 00 Orer 0, par quire, 1 10
HANDBILLS. .
A eneet,ller Ieaa,$l 00 I i sheet, M or leat.t 00
I (boat, M or lau, I 00 1 sheet, M or leae,10 00
Orel la al aaea or anon at proporuonnie mee.
GKOROE B. QOODLAHDBR,
ttEOHOa aUOEEIT, -
Publtenere.
MM MMJ MMMMJMM MMMM MM
Carto.
FRANK FIELDING,
A.TTORNEY-AT-LAW,
Clearfield, Pa.
Will attend to all bailneae entreated to aim
promptly and faithfully.
aoTl2'7S
villi A a a. wiLLAoa. nana L. aaaae.
.aaaer a. vau.ca. jori . waiotev,
WALLACE & KREBS,
(Buweeeon to Wallaoa A Fielding)
ATTOKNEY8-AT-LAW,
11-1J'7 Clearfield, Pa. "
. v. wiLiojr, v. a. a. a. tax VAuaa, a. a,
DBS. WILSON & VAN VALZAH,
Clearfleia, fa.
OSaa ta reeideaoe of Dr. Wllaaa.
O-rioa Hosaai Pron II Ulr.l. Dr. Tan.
Talaah oaa ba found at aif ht ia hla roema, next
dear to llertawiek at Irwiaa Drug Biore, ap
atairi. '
TR- JEFFERSON LITZ,
I I WOODLAND. PA.
WIU promptly attend all ealla la the llaaof hla
profeuioa. ut.i-i
IdirB i. 'aALLT. Biaiai. w. a'craoT.
MoENALLY dc MoCUBDT, "
ATTORNEY8-AT-LAW,
rieardeld. Pa.
ay-Legal bnilneaa attended to promptly with
Idelity. Office oa Second etreet, abara the Pint
National Bank. 1:11:71
G.R.BARRETT,
Attoknet add CoONSELoa at Law,
A- OLEARPIELD. PA.' - tt.
IrVrLag raalgned hit Judgeehipvbu reeamed
the practice of the law in hie aid aAce at Clear
aeld. Pa. Will attend the eeurta of Jefereoa and
Ilk oountlea when peeiallj retained la oonneotiea
MTith reaident oouaiel. 1 k 1.U.-71
,WM. M. McCULLOUGH,
- ATTORNEY AT LAW,
' Clearfield, Pa.
er-0S.ce nn lUin ia Weetera Hotel building.
'Leaal buioeaa promptly attended to. B'ele.ute
height and fold. Jell'71
J. W. B A N T Z,
ATTOBNBY-AT-LAW,
Clearfield. Pa.
fem,Ofloe ap itaire ia Weitera Hotel building.
All legal bueineea aatruitad to kn eare promptly
atuadedto. aiy i, i.ie.
T. H. MURRAY,
ATIOBNIY AND COUNSELOB AT LAW.
Prompt attentioa glraa ta all legal builneee
antnuted to hii care in ClearAeld and adjoining
aoantiea. Office en Market it, appoaiU Nasgle'i
Jewelry Store, otaarneia, ra. jeit in
A. W, WALTE RS,
ATTORNEY AT LAW, ' .
. Clearfield, Pa. .
ak.0aUe ia the Court Howe. (deol ly
H. W. SMITH,
ATTOBNBY-AT-LAW,
tl:l:tt ' Clearfield, Pa. .
WALTER BARRETT,
ATTORNEY AT LAW.
OBea aa Second St., Clearlleld, Pa. bot11,0
ISRAEL TEST,
ATTORN RY AT LAW,.
Clearfield, Pa.
r-Oflee Is the Court Home. Llyll,'T
JOHN H. FULFORD,
, ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Clearfield, Pa.
OSe aa Market St., orer JoaapA Shawera'
Grocery atera. jaa.3,ieT.
JOHN L. CUTTLE,
ATTORNEY AT LAW.
And Real Batata Agent, Clearfield, Pa.
Oflee aa Third etreet, bat. Cherry A Walnut.
aT-Reepeetreily agera blf eraiaei la celling
ad buying laada la Olearleld aad adjoining
eaatlea aad with aa oxperleaaaafaTertwenta
-aara ae a aarrayar, taatara almaeUthet ha aaa
reaaer aauerauoa. ie:e:u,
J. BLAKE WALTERS
REAL ESTATE BROKER,
aaa oaaua n
Sair XdOgH and Iaumber,
CLEARFIELD, PA. -
OBee la Karate Building, Roam Ra. 1, 1:25,71
J. J. LINGLE,
ATTOBNBT-AT -LAW
1:10 Oacaola. Clearfield Co Pa. y:pd
ROBERT WALLACE,
ATTORNEY-AT -LAW,
taaelaeetoai, Clearfeld County, Penn'a.
m.A11 legal bueineii promptly atteeded to.
oha V. Oraia. - 0. T. Alexander.
CRVI3 A. ALEXANDER,
ATTORNEYS AT 1A W,
Bellefante, Pa. apta.'Ot-j
CYRUS GORDON,
ATTORNEY AT LAW
Market (treat, (north aide) Cloaraeld, Pa.
e- All legal builneu promptly attandad
Jaa. S, 'f f.
DR. T. J, BOYER,
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON,
Offue aa Market Street, Clearfield. Pa.
ap-OBoa hoarai I ta IS a. at., and 1 to I p. at.
TTVR. B. M. SCHEUfiER,
H0M0S0PATHI0 P1JTSIC1A5,
Ofilea la Maeooie Ballding,
April M, mi. ClearOeld, Pa,
DR. W. A. MEAN 8,
f HYSICIAN k 8URQEON
LUTHERSBUEO, PA.
TU attend proeeelonel ealli promptly. anglOTO
TT1LLIAU U. HENRY, Jcotici
TV orraa PajuiaaaSoaiTaaaa,LUMBER
:TY. Calleeuoni made and money promptly
del orer. . Artie lee of agreement and deedi ef
eoyeaoe aeatly exaaated aad warranted eor
or aa enarge. jyia'ra
J. 8. BARN HART,
ATTORNEY . AT LAV,
Ballefhate, Pa
ll araetiea la CUarleld and all ef the Caarta
t iVte Jadieial diatrtet. Baal aetata bauaeea
1 aelleeNoa af etalate ataaa eaaDlaltlea. al'T I
a
CLEAR
G00DLANDEE it HAGEETT, FubUshen.
VOL. 48-WHOLE NO 2353.
Cards.
JOHN A. GREGORY,
COUNTY SUPERINTENDENT,
Ofloe la the Court Home, Clearfield, Pa.
Will alwaTiba found at noma on tha bUUOND
aad LAST SATURDAY of eeoh month. 1
J. H. KLINE, M. D.,
HYSICIAN & SUBGEON,
TTAVINO located at Pennneld, Pa., offers hie
IJ. nrofeeiionel aerTtoee to tha people ef that
plaoe aad inrrounding oountry. All ealli promptly
attended to. , eol. tf-
GEORGE C. KIRK,
Jaatleo af tha Peaoe, Surreyor and Conrayanoar,
Luthersberf, Pa.
All bnalneei Intrueted to him will ba promptly
atUadad to. Poraeni wirhlng to employ a our-
. asrvall ta rtra ana aaalt, aa ba OaMan
i.:uir tht ha eaa rsndar aetiafaetion. Deeue of
oureyenoe, articlei of agreement, and all legal
epera, promptly ana ueiw j
DAVID RE AM 8, -
SCRIVENER & SUltvisxuu,
Luthereburr, Pa.
TIH aabMriber ofiari hie lerrlaea to tha pnblle
la tha eepeelty of Scriyener and Surveyor.
All ealli for turreylng promptly ettaaded to, aad
the making of drafu, deedi and other legal Inatra
menti of writing, executed without delay, and
warranted to be corraet or ao enarge.
JOHN D.THOMPSON,
. JutUoe of tha Peace and Sorlreaer,
Carweaavllla, Pa.
a.Calleetlona raada aad money promptly
paid over.
febmilf
J. A. BUTTENBEKQtIK,
Claim and Collection Office,
OSCEOLA, Clearfield Co, Pa.
M!onTevan!nc and all lfJ papen drawn
nii i4inith. Diafti on and pat-
uge tieketa to and froaa any point ' ISurope
l Til Kim
nnMUMj. ' "
ao. ALaaaT aaanx ftu..iM.
W. ALBERT 4, BROS.,
Manufaoturera A extenilre Dealer! la
Sawed Lumber, Square Timber, fito
WOODLAND, run fl A.
a-Orderi aoliclted. Billi tiled oa thort notice
and reaaooabla termi.
Addreat Woodland P. 0., Cler6eld Co., Pa.
JelS-ly w a lua. it & a nnuo,
FRANCIS COUTRIET; '
MERCHANT,
PrcncDTtlle. .Clearfield County. P.
V nAna,.niv on hand a fall aaaortment of
Dry uooda, narawara, ---,
aiually kept in a retail awra, which will be told,
for eaan, ae eneap ae u.r.
JTrenenrllla, June J, ieoj-.
THOMAS H. FORCE-,
BBALBB II
GENERAL MERCnAVDISE,
. CRAUAHTUM, Pa.
Alio, extenilre minufactarer and dealer In Square
Timber and Hawed ijaaiaetai an aiuue.
ay Ord.rl aoliclted and all billl promptly
CHARLES SCHAFER,
LAGER BEER RREWKK,
Clearfield. Pa.
TTATINO rented Mr. Entree' Brrajery ne
I I bonee br itriot atwntiou to bnilneM and
,h. m.nnf.ntnre of & aQDcrior artiole of BEhH
to reoeiTe the patronage of all the old and maay
... ...mn..,,: eulieagn
J. K. BOTTORF'S
PHOTOGRAPH GALLERY,
Market Street, Clearleld, Pa.
rey-CROJIOS MASS A BPECIALTY.-tt
-.TK(1ATIVKS auda in eloudr aa well aa ta
1 alear weather. Conetantly on hand a good
BMortment ef FRAMES. 8TERE08COPK6 aad
8TEREO8COPI0 VIEWS. Framae, from any
tyla of moulding, made ta order. aprZS-U
JAMES CLEARY,
BAEBEE & HAIE DEESSEB,
, - SECOND STREET,
lt'81 CLEARFIELD, PA.
REUBEN HACKMAN,
House and Sign Painter and Paper
Hanger,
Clearfield, Paan'a.
wt.Wlll execute jobi la kit lino promptly aad
ia a workmanlike manner. err,oi
G. H. HALL,
PRACTICAL PUMP MAKER
NEAR CLEARFIELD, PENN'A."
er-Pompl alwaya oa hand and made ta order
aa abort notice. Pipae bored on reaeoaeoie lenna.
All work warranted to reader aatirtaeoon, ana
deltrered If deelred. myl:lypd
E. A. BIGLER & CO.,
beat-ana
SQUARE TIMBER
. and manufaoureri of
ALL KINDS OP SAWED LUMBER,
nil CLEARFIELD, PENTA. "
, JAS. B. GRAHAM,
dealer la
Eeal Estate, Square Timber, Boards.
BUIKOLES, LATH, a PICKETS,
WTI Clearneld, Pa;
JAMES MITCHELL,
BB1LBB
Square Timber & Timber Lands,
Jell'tl CLEARFIELD, PA.
rum TIUUTNAI,
Sealer la all klnde af
FURNITURE,
Market Etreet,
One door Beat Poit Offlca,
auglSTl CLEARFIELD. PA.
ELI H ABM AM,
r. n . t -i I T in r T IT ntnT
iMAtiiVAli flULlUTT UlUUi,
LTJT11ER8BURO, PA.
A rent for tie American Donble Turbine Water
Wbeel ana Anirewf a nunaco nunei. van mr.
al.h Pnrfahle Crlit Milla on abort notlee.
DR. J. P. BURCH FIELD
Lata Sargeoa of the 83d Regiment, Peaaeyjeanla
Valunteera, baring returned tram tha Army,
ger, kit profoiftoaal aerrlcea to thaaitiaeaa
af Olearleld eoaoty
ayPrufeiilccal ealli promptly attended to.
Offlca oa Seooad atreet, formarlyoeeupled by
Vr.Woodi. lepra, aa-u
H. F. N AUQLE,
WATCH MAKER & JEWELER,
aad dealer la
Watches, Clocks, Jewelry, Silver
and Plated Ware, &e.,
)el7l CLEARFIELD, PA.,
8.
I..8NYDER,
PRACTICAL WATCHMACEa
an Baatia if ' '
j n Watches, Clock and Jswelry,
eJraAeei'e Ktm, MmrUt Btrmt,
C1.EARPIKLD, PA.
AO kladi af roa alrtag la my flaa prcmetly at
eadod to.
April it, ics,
urn
THE REPUBLICAN.
CLEARFIELD, Pa. -
WEDNESDAY MORNING. JAN. 14, 1174.
TEACHERS' INSTITUTE.
The Cluarfiold County Teachers' In-
titulo, for the school year 1873, con
vened in the Court lIoue, in the bor
ough of Clearfield, on Monday, Do
combor 22d, at 2 o'clock P. Id., with
I he County Superintendent as Preui
dont and Mr. J. F. McKonricIc Vice
President. Mr. VV. S. Luther was
ri pointed second Vice President to
in in niaco 01 jir. y. ii.
rrtdcanx
Miss Francis La 1'ort and Miss Jiell
Miller were appointed to fill tbe places
of Air. Litz and Miss Sodie Kxatzer
Secretaries Mr. Pridenux. Mr.
Litz and Miss Kratzcr being absent.
uperintendent Gregory delivered a
bort uDd appropriate address of wel
come which was rospondod to by Mr.
E. U. ilays, s teauber Irom Ilrauy
istrict. Dr. Caltell and Ex-Got, fiiulor
then visited the Institute and each do-
vered an interesting and pleasant
address, showing the importance of
starting properly and then laboring
lailuluiiy to make tne mooting a suc
cess. 1 be presiaeut tna appoinlea a
committee to draft resolutions, con-
sistingof Messrs. O. B. Welch, W. V.
Sponger and J. W. Greene. A oom-
m it too or four was appointed as uhu-
ors during the evening session. The
constitution ana by-laws were read
by the vice president, W. S. Lnther.
Prof. J A. Cooper, the principal of the
State Normal School at Edenboro, was
otroduced and gave a short talk on
school work. The teachors then re
quested Prof. Cooper to take charge
ot the spelling contest, which they
decided should bo held on Thursday
afternoon. The Instiluto now being
organized and miscellaneous work fin
ished, they proceeded to the regular
order ot exercises and all wore inlorm
ed that aucb one who took part la the
exercises was expoctcd to ttnaiyce bis
ubjoct on the board.
EXERCISES.
1st. , Method of loathing Mental
Arithmetic, by . N. Itoot.
id. Discussion feumect, "lo what
extent ahould a leuchor assist bis pu
pilsr" Opened by J. W. Greene, fol-
owed by Messrs. McKenrick, Ague,
llaya and Gregory. The names of
the teachers wero then received and
the Institute adjourned Lo meet at 7 J
o'clock P.M.
MONDAY EVBNINO.
The Instiule convened at 7) o'clock,
was called to order by the president
nd opened witb prayer by liov. II.
(Sutler, alter wtimn the touchers
joined in singing "Oh, rendor thanks
to uod above..' Kev. tsullcr then de
livered an address of welcome to tho
many citizens, directors and teachers
present. Mies 11. U. Weld read an
essay, subject, "True Courage." Tho
Glee Club then sang "Fair as tho
Morning ;" after which Ex-Governor
Uisler introduced pt. VV. Uatlell,
President of Lafuyetto College, who
duliverod an interesting and instruc
tive address on the aul.ject or "An
Unjust Verdict." The Gloe Club then
sang "The King and Miller," and the
Lnstitote adjourned to meet at 9
o'clock Tuesday morning.
TUESDAY MOBNINO.
The Institute convened at 9 o'clock
Roll called by W. 8. Luther. Prayer
by U. 11. Ague, alter which the teach
ere joined in singing "Oh, could I find
from day to day," whon the regular
ordor ot exercise was proceeded to.
1. Discussion subject, "What is
the proper Method of teaching Geog.
raphy without uooks r (Jpencd by
G. li. Ague followed by Meters, mats
don, McKenrick, Dub, Luther, Ilara
ana urcgory.
2. Xectare hy Prof. Cooper sub
ject, "ueneral intormalion.
3. "LSeet Method or teaching the
Alphabet," by Aimlo AUDowoi.
4. intermission ten minutes.
6. Instruction ip Elocution by Mrs.
A. M. Martin.
6. "Method of teaching Grammar.
by . G. Hays, followed oy remarks
from Atessra. DeVore, JUotjuown, La
ther and Ague. .
7. Discussion subject, "should the
directors or teacher fix tha salary of
the teacher T" Opened by i. B. Ncff,
followed by Mossrs. McQuowo, King
and Luther. The teachers then uni
ted in singing "Scatter seeds of kind
ness," after which the Institute ad.
journcd to meet at 1 o'clock, P, M.
TUESDAY AFTERNOON.
The Institute convened at 1 o'clock
Soli was called by W. S. Luther.
Prayer by G. B. Ague, followed by
singing "Ob, come, loud an thorns lot
us King." the regniar ordor ot t
erciaes was then begun
1. Discussion subject, "The condi
tion of the school-room to prosorve
the trood Health of the Punils." Orion
enecf by W. F. Shannon, followed by
r " . J . . , -r. '
messrs. narsuun, Ague ana iiorry.
2. Coinposiiion, by J. F. McKcn
rick. Mr. McKenrick was ablo to
make his explanation very plain and
practical by having a class of pupils
irom tits scnooi present, who answer
ed his questions readily.
' 0. An addercas on "School Work,"
cy lion. j. r. tviohersbam.
4. Lecture br Prof. Cooner-i-sub.
jeci, uest method ot instruction.
O. intermission, ten nilnntes.
6. Essay read by Mits Boll Millor
subject, "Making the best of Life"
7. Insu-uctioo In Elocution by Mrs.
........ .
a. ia. martin.
8.. Discussion subject. "Should
better qualified teacher be emnlovod
for a primary than a high school J"
upenoa ny u. V. Welch, followed by
J, F. McKenrick. A vote of thanks
was tenderod to lion. J. P. Wicker
sham for bis kindness in visiting the
couuty and institute. The institute
then adjourned to meet at 7) o'clook
TUESDAY EVENING
The Institute convened at 7 J o'clock;
waa oaiioa to ordor by the presidont,
and was opened with prayer by JJav.
a. u. j ooura. loaowea oy the teach
en
inking "Now lei oor ypicel J(oio.,
... - m -a - f af
PRINCIPLES,
CLEARFIELD, PA!, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY J 4, 1874.
Mr. M. L. Guelloh read selection.
Mr. Wm. M. McCullough then deliv
ered an address subject, "Public
Opinion," after which Mrs. A. M.
Martin read "No soots in Heaven."
The Glee Club sang "Gathering Seed."
Ex-Governor Uigler introduced nr. J.
P. Wlckursham, who in his pleasant
manner took all the teachers and all
others interested in education with
him lo "tho foundation of the great
school building to see it it was all
right." After singing by the Glee
Club, "The King and Miller," the In-
stiute adjourned to meet at v o clock
Wednosday morning.
WEENE8DAY UOENINO.
Institute convened at 0 o'clock.
R-jII wis called by W. S. Lather.
'raver by J. F. Anderaon.followed by
singing "Oh, render thanks to God
above. The rogular exeroises then
begun.
1. Discussion subjoct'ilowehouu
toacher's timo be employed outsido
tho School-room 1 " Opened by J. F.
llurtshorn ; continued by Messrs.
Welch, King and Dule.
Method of teaching Geography,
by IV. S. Luther, followed by remarks
by Mossrs. Gearbart, King and Dule.
3. Lecture by Prol. Cooper sub
ject, "Practical Toaouing."
4. Methou oi teacuing urammar,
by E. G. Ilays, followed by remarks
from Messrs. Dale, King, Marsden,
Head, MvQuown and Miss Swan, and
explanation by J. A. Gregory.
6. Instruction to LlocuUon, by Airs.
. M. Murlin.
The Institute then adjourned for a
social meeting that all might become
acquainted.
WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON.
Institute convened at 1 o'clock.
Roll wus callod by W. 8. Luther
Prayer by J. F. Anderson. The teach
ers then joined in singing "fair as
tbo Morning," after which the regular
exorcises were begun.
I. Discussion 8uhjoci,"IIow should
reviews be conducted V Opened by
F. Anderson, followed by Mossrs.
McKenrick and Weaver.
2. Lecturo by Prof. Cooper sub
net, "Tcnchers Duty."
8. Discussion suhjeot, "Should a
teacher require Written Excuses for
tho absence of his Pupils?" Opened
by G. W. UbIo, followed by Mossrs
Ganoo, McQown, McKenrick and
Welch, A vote was then tuken on
the merits of the question, which was
decided in favor of the negative.
4. Method of teaching Vocal Mus
ic, by G. W. Weaver, afler which, by
request, ho sung "Your Mission."
5. Analysis in Grammar, by U. 15.
Welch. " . -
Tho Institute then adjourned to
meet at 7) o'clock P. M-
WEDNESDAY EVENINO.
Instiluto convened at 7 J o'clock;
was culled to ordor by the president.
Opened with prayer by J. F. Ander
son, altor which the teachers joined
a singing "Oh, come, loud anthems,
let us sing." Mr. E. G. Hays then
road an essay subject, "Self Re
spect," which was followed with sing
mg by juts. A. al. juartin. Mr. j. 11
Fulford then delivered an address
on the subject, "Passing Away." Mrs.
Martin then read a selection, utter
which Hon. Wm. A. Wulluce address
ed tbo Institute on the subject "Know
Thysali."
The Gloe Club united witb the teach
era in singing, afler which the Ineli
lute adjourned to tuoet Thursday
morning at Jl o clock.
THURSDAY MORNINO.
Institute convened at 0 o'clock
Roll was culled by Wv S. Luther
Prsyor by J F. Anderson. The teach
ers then Joined in singing "Merry,
merry Christmas," afler which the
regular order of exercises were begun.
1. Method of teaching Drawing, by
W. S. Luther, followed by remarks
from Messrs. Dale, Uarsdon, McKen
rick, Weaver and bearhart.
2. Drill in Map Drawing, by W . S.
Luther, followed with remurks from
J. F. McKenrick and J. A. Gregory
8. Subject for consideration "Bout
method tor gelling Pupils not In At
tendance lo attend School." Opened
by P. Chamborlin. continued by
Messrs. Anderson, Dale, McKenrick
McQown, Kerr, Hays and Gregory.
4. Lecture by Prof Cooper sub.
lect. "School Work."
0. Method or teaching mental
Arithmetic, by E. N. Root.
D. instruction in iviocuiion, oy airn
t . . r. , rjl .; L r
A. M. Martin.
7. Diicussion suliioct. "Should
School Houses be used for other than
School Purposes f" Opened by J. P.
McKenrick, followed by Motors. Mc-
Quen, WoTer, Dal, I.ntrtr, ICing
and Gregory.
The institute then adjourned to
meot at 1 P. M.
THURSDAY AFTERNOON.
Tho Institute convenod at I o'clock.
Roll was callod by W. S. Lulber.
Prayer by J. F. Andorson, after which
the teachers united in singing. The
regular order of exorcises were then
begun. .
1. Discussion snhWt. "Should
there be a Division in the five months'
School Terrar Opened by W. F.
King, continued by Messrs. Anderson,
Welch, Lanich, Kerr, llaya anil Mo
Quown,(teacbors,) and Porter, Dross
ier and Sloppy, (directors.) A vote
was lalisn on the merits oi the ques
tion, which was decided in favor of
the negative.
2. Method of teaching Natural
rhllos.phy, by A. W. MuThollon.
8. Melhod of teaching Composition
by J. F. McKenrick.
4. Drill on Yocul Ifusio, by Prof.
Weaver.
The regular ordor of business was
bore Interrupted with a presentation
address by Wm. M. Mot'ullongh, In
behalf of the Icoohcrs present at the
Instiluto, who presenlod valuable
gold watch chain to the County Su
perintendent. Mr. Gregory returned
bis thanks to tho toachors for this val
uable mark of their appreciation of
dis aervioea.
6. Instruction in Elocution, by Mn.
A. M. Martin.
6. Intermission. . "
7. Spelling contest, conducted by
I Prof. . A Cooper,
t ... ,
; REP
NOT L2N.
8. Discus ' "neubject, "Should di-
rectors pert 1 unprofessional teachers
to occupy the houses during the slim
mer season P Opened by Mr. Dale,
continued by Messrs. Mursdon, Mul-
hollon, Lul r. Mcuown, Kerr, Sor
ter, King, whart, Welch and Greg
ory. After t ie teachers singing, the
Institute waa adjourned to mod at 7 J
o'clock P. t'i '
. Tt SO AY EVENINO.
Tbe exerc't s on Thursday evening
were given an an enteriainmont, and
consisted of an address by Prof. J. A.
Cooper ana poling. by Mrs. A. M.
Martin anr ' r. M. L. Guelich, inter-
spemed wi... ,-asio by the Glue Club.
lr: -ay MORNINO. ,
lastltuia tpsiMi with W. 8. Lulber
in the chair. Roll called by J. F.
McKenrick. Prayer by the County
Superintendent, followed by singing.
Tbe result of the spelling contest was
then announced, and uve persons.vic:
Miss Brewster and Mossrs. Dale, Lilz,
Marsdon and Gearbart, each missed
one word. A motion waa tueu mauo
and carried that these persona enlor a
second contest.
r . EXERCISES.
1. Discussion subject, "Are visits
from Parents to schools beneficial T"
Opened by O. B. Welch, continued by
Messrs. McKenrick, v. v. Shuit, JNeti,
Dale, Marsden and Gregory.
The result of the scoond spelling
contest was then announced, when il
waa discovered that tbe first prizo,
a Webster's Unabridged Dictionary,
was awarded to Mr. 1. r. liitz, a
teacher from Bradford township; the
second prize, a copy of Scott's Poems,
was awarded to Miss ta. J. isrewsier,
from Penfiold, Uuslon township; and
the third prize, "School Economy,"
was awurded to Mr. tr. W. Dile,!rom
Lumber City.
2. Lecture by Prof. J. A. Cooper-
subject, "School Interests."
Ex-Governor Bigler then addressed
the teachers on the "Centennial
Work," which was followed with
musio by Mrs. Marlin. The chair
man of the committee on resolutions,
Mr. O. B. Welch, tbon reported a iiudi
ber of resolutions, which were acted
upon by tho teachers. The Institute
then adjourned lo moot at 1 P. M.
FRIDAY AFTERNOON.
The Institute convenod al I o'clock:
J. F. McKenrick in the chair. Pro
ceeded to Iho election of officers for
the coming term, which resulted in the
election of Mr. O. B. Welch and Mr.
M. L. McQuown as vice presidents,
MIbs Merlio McDowel, secretary, and
Miss Mary Brisbin, assistant secrcla
rv. Also, a committee to uraiia new
constitution for the Institute. The
Institute wss favored with select read
ing by Mr. M. li. Guelich, alter which
were closing remarks by the Couuty
Superintendent.
' LECTURE OF DR. CATTELL.
The Institute, with a vast concourse
of ladies and gentlemen from Clear
field and surrounding country, were
delighted and greatly edified on Mon
day evening by a learned discourse
from Dr. Caltell, President of Lufity
etle Colic ire. His subject was the
lil'o and times of Socrates, and espe
cially the unjust verdict that led to
his elocution. It would De unjust lo
the Doctor to attempt an extended
picture of his facetious production
Whilst abounding in profound and
philosnhical thought it was made r
dient br tbe liveliest wit, wherein
event of Ibe present day were made
to run parallel wl'.h domeslio strife
and political trouble in ancient
Alhona.
LECTURE BY HON. P. WICKERSDAM
On Tuesday evening the Court
Hall Was again filled with an alien
tivo audionco, who wore favored with
a pleasant and highly instructive ad
dress Irom the Stale Superintendent
Hon. J. P. Wickersham. He went
down to the foundation of tbe great
school work wiib the teachers, and
carefully examined the structure lo
where il has boen completed to lite
presont day. Jt is only for those who
were presont to appreciate this learn
ed lecture.
ADDRESS Of IX-GOVIRNOR BIOI.ER
, Mr. Bigler addressed the Institute
on tho subject of the "Celobration of
the Cenionnlul Anniversary of the
Declaration of Independence." He
first dwelt upon the fitness of such
proceedings and then opon the fitness
of the means to bo employed In the
celebration, lo wit, A grand exhibi
tion of the products of the arts, man
ufactures, the soil and mines of our
country, as manifesting the wonder
ful progress made' by the American
nation in a single century. Ho re
imuduU Urn audience that under tbe
plan for raising means for the eole
bration and exposition it would be
competent for every Htnte, city, town,
community, school district and indi
vidual within the limits of our broad
land to bave a part in tho good work
and an actgnl ownership in the build
ing and exhibition. This alone would
make the work national, and it would
be international becauso ibe people of
all civilized naiioni were lo bare a
part In it. He also called the atten
tion of tho taaoher to a feature In
the programme for this State, which
would bring them into tho work un
der tho auspices of the Slalo and
County Superintendents, and which,
in bis opinion, would load to tho boat
results, not only lor tbe centennial
work but for tho cause of education.
address or wm. m. m'cullouoh.
Ladici and Oentlcmtn : In tho gen-
erul exercises of this Institute, tho
various methods of leaching particulur
branches, and Iho best means of im
parting knowlodgo, are satisfactorily
discussed by teachers and Instructors
In tbe evening (ecturoa nearly every
subject porlaiuing more particularly
to educuiiou is loarnedly presented to
your consideration. 1 will ask your
attention, therefore, on this occasion
for a short time, whilo I indulgo in
what may be called "new departure,"
as I endeavor Jto proeout m subject
which is to a great extent at least, the
legitimate offspring of education, and
depends, in A great degree, on the
charaotor and extent of that education
for its influence for good or evil, name,
Ipr t public Opinio),
BEICM.
NEW
I will say lost here, that after listen
ing to the very learned and classical
lecture oi Dr. t atloii on last oigni, anu
In view of your anxiety lo hear tho
distinguished gentleman who Is to suc
ceed mo, 1 can sesreoly bopo to inter
est you as I would desiro.
Publio opinion, as we undorstand it,
is that verdict which Ibe people repder
nn any question Delore mom. it is
the conclusion at which they arrive
upon any question of public or general
Interest. I know there is a diversity
of opinion very often on the same sub
ject, but In all these cases thero is a
settlod conviction fixos itself opon tbe
publio mind, lo which expression is
given in the general speech of the
people This we cull pupno opinion.
Yon ask me then, after such a defini
tion as this, can publio opinion ever
be wrong r 1 will endeavor to answer
this question, and show the influence
exertod by this opinion on classes and
individual charactertand point out the
remedy.
First, It must be observed that
there is a marked distinction between
publio opinion in its general accepta
tion, and what we may term there
vailing opinion in a community. &ow,
we ore all, in a great degree, crcaturvs
of imitation. The teacbor under
stands this fully when be takes a lit-
tlo child that does not know one letter
from another. He points to a charao
ter and says that is A tho child says
il is A. The child does not know wbut
K is, but it imitates lite toachor in giv
ing the sound of tho -letter. And so
it loarns to read in tbo same way by
imitation. If tbe teacher mispro
nounce a word, the child will do the
same thing, and wo never gel rid of
Ibis spirit of imitation. We grow up
to manhood and we find our beau
ideals all around us. If the persons
whom we 'milate be mistaken in
iheir views of things, we tall into the
same error. JNow, in every communi
ty, and Stale and country, there aro
men whom we call lending spirits.
These are our models ; we follow after
thoin : we imitate them ; we defer to
their superior wisdom. They enter
tain tbo prevailing opinion. Now, if
they be mistaken, how soon does public
opinion give way ana ueeome per
verted f Wbo can account for the do
cay of public morals, ibe decline ot pub
lic virtue una luded patriotism upon
any oilier hypothesis than this f The
men wbo moulded publio opinion be
came mercenary and corrupt, and from
this prolifio source flowed forth tho
. . i . , . i
poisonous streams wnicu iuveu mo
whole body politio in its polluted
flood, until to day we eland beloro tho
world us a nation of corruplionlsts.
Hence, I conclude that al a given time
publio opinion may bo entirely health
ful, but at aomeaubseqnent lime il muy
be most basely perverted and diseased
by the simplest means or tho merest
accident- At this moment, 1 may bo
entirely free from excitement. 1 have
full and free ounlrol of my reasoning
faculties. My judgment under, such
circumstances may challenge your
respect. But, I walk forth from ibis
presence and engngo in a quarrel,
becomo excited and all the baser p
aions of my nature are aroused. What
reason ia ihore in me then 1 What is
my judgement worth oudor such cir
cumstances f Tbo publio mind, as a
general rule, I know is reasonable.
But wbat reuson is there in the
excited mobf Wbat is true of me
and the mob i true f the entire pub
lio mind, placed in the same situation
The mob is but publio opinion on the
rampage I Let mo illustrate, it I can,
what I mean. ,
A man-of-war of a foreign nation
meets a vessel on the high sea, carry
ing the American flag. The former
sonde a shot across the bow of the lat
ter, and brings her to and captures
her. The most brutal outrages, which
shock humanity, are inflicted without
mercy on the ill-lsted crew, tv im
one spontaneous outburst of indigna
tion, the publio mind is inflamed to
the highest degree. Publio opinion
ories in thnnder tones, war, blood,
revengol Tbe national flng has been
insulted ; the bonor of the nalion must
bo preserved, iiut theprflMilMy" opin
ion save : peace, be still. Tbo Pre
dent and bis advisers seo a different
and just as honorable mode of redress,
and ibe wholo matter is honorably and
peaceably adjusted. Where is publio
opinion nowr W lint is its judgment
worth f Peace, like an angel oi light,
smiles upon the land ; hearts, wounded
and bleeding at tbe loss of the mur
dered dead, are not multiplied by war;
tho national honor has boon maintain
ed, and the stars and the stripes of our
national banner, aa thoy grow bright
er and brighter beneath the biassed
influences ot puaoe, command the re-
spoot and cbalionge the admiration of
tbo world.
I tuke another instance from the
history of our own country. A fc
your ago there exlstod in many of the
stales an institution mat puono opin
ion, as expressed at the polls, said was
right, or al least should not do inter
fered with. 1 relor lo the institution
of slavery. For many years this was
tho great political issue, and Iho party
(hut endorsod il was successful' But,
meanwhile, men like Wendell Thillips
and Thuddeua htovens man ot signn
tio inlelloots, but I fear wiib mistaken
views on many subjects, wero educat
ing tho publio mind lo think it was
wrong. Al last the great political bat
tle of Armairodxlon wasfontrht. Abra
ham Lincoln was eioclod President of
tha United Slutosj iho anti-slavery
sentiment prevailed i war ensued, and
one bright morning on tho first day of
January, lHUil, the shackles tell Irom
four million slaves as if touched by
tho wand of magio, and thus they have
Remained ever sinco; and lo-duy the
uartv that would make Ihere-oaeiave
ment of these people a political issue
would not got supporters onougn lo
hold the election. Now, one of two
conclusions ia inevitable : either that
publio opinion waa wrong then, or it la
wrong now. But you say to tno, pub
lio opinion changes with advancing
civilization and the developments of the
age. Yes, 1 know it does, just as you
and I change our opinions, whon we
ape wa are mistaken.
Only a few yean ago, during tho
war, publio opinion jo tha Noflfi was
TEEMS $2 per annum in Advance
SERIES - V0L. 15, NO. 3.
most vehement in its denunciations of
the leaders of the rebellion. It do
manded their arrest and punishment
for treason. Jeff. Davis, according to
a very poor but popular song, was to
be bung "on a eour apple troo, and
treason was to bo made odioqs. He
was arrested and Horace Greeley wont
his bail, and immediately publio opin
ion opened her batteries on that poor,
old man, until finally he full a viotim
to misplaced confidence in lus defeat
for the Presidency, and then died. But
publio opinion was excited then il
was running riot, rrevaiung opinion
knew better; those in authority know
they could never make this wholesale
slaughter, and mark thechango when
culm reason returned 1 Duvis was re
leased without day; general amnesty
was declared, and Congress set about
roatoring tlioso to citizenship whom it
had previously disfranchised. Lately,
the people of Georgia electsd to the
Congress of the United Slates, Alex
ander U. Stephens, ono of Ihe greatest
minds this country ever know, and
formerly Vice President of the South
ern (Jonludoracy. uniy a lew onya
ago, while this great southerner was
making a speech on the moral influ
ence of that most delicuto subject,
"buck-pay," these same mon,who a few
years before demanded bis life, gath
ered around bim, like children at iheir
father's knee to boar the instructions
of wisdom, and with an interest that
has not been manifested on tbe
part of members slnro the days of
. -. ,r . J
llenry nay, iney listened to every
word and drank in every expression
While this was going on, there sat by
his side another man, also an ex-olEcial
of tho Southern Confederacy, who was
at that moment being restored to oil
zenship by the passage of a bill in the
Senate of the United States, in the
other wing of the Capitol I Now, !
have not referred to theso incidents in
any partisan spirit, but only to show
the completo summersaults public
opinion performs. And Vet, they are
exhibitions of tbo grandest elements of
bumsn nature Breaking down the
barriers which passion, and hato and
strife bad-reared ; healing the wounds
which war had made, and recognizing
again the universal brotherhood and
eaiialitv ot men in-lue exercise oi
their natqral rights.
I come now to consider the influence
of publio opinion on classes of men and
on individual character. Thero is a
natural inclination on tho part of every
oi.o, whether in punuo or in private
ife, to appear in tbe best possible light
and to cater lo the whims and fancies
no mutter how ridiculous and absurd
of this stern . and inexorable tyrant
This we ohserve in dress, in fashion
in manners end in speech. I will not
stop hero lo give you individual exam
pies ol this class of persons. This do
sire, however, is not confined to any
particular sex or condition of people
The cultivated anj illiterate, tbo rich
and the poor all share in tbe sacae
fully. Dudies,:ns well as gentlemen
must plead guilty to the same inuici-
menl ; and little children, too, are apt
scholars in the school that teaches
them to "put tho best foot foremost."
In the history of the world thero have
only boon a tow brave and indepenu
ent spirits, who havo possessed the
moral heroism to stand - out lor the
right when they came in conflict with
the impetuous tide of publio opinion
Henco, we very often find what we
cull negativo people. They bave no
settled opinions of any kind. They
listen to a statement ot loots matte by
one man and they agree with him ex
actly. TUcy hear another and a dif
ferent statement of Iho same lucis
niudo by another man, and "that is
just what they thought. Ihey ex
press an opinion.tn a douollul way,on
both sides of Iho same subject, so us lo
bo prepared for any emergency, and
whan the result ii-'knowr." licv exclaim.
wiib the assurance of self sutisluc-
tion in Iheir own superior wisdom, "I
knew it 1 told you so." They never
dispute a point with any one ; they
agree with everybody, and could not
tell, you, for tbe Me of them, what
Ihcy did or wbat they did not think
on anything. This class ot people
never do any great amount of barm in
the world, and no good. They never
originate any great or smalt invention
nor do they question Ihe utility ot mat
which other people invent. 1 bey nev
er advanoo any great, living idea, nor
stop lo inquire into Ibe soundness of
the reasoning ol those who do. ihoy
have nothing to do with moulding pub.
lio opinion, for they never entertain
tho same opinion long enough to max
it public, but spend all their time mi
trying to adju&l themselves to other
people's views; because il is loss
Iroublo to agi'e witb others, though
wrong, than to convinco them ol thoir
error, it is easier, gently gliding
down tho tide, than "rowing hard
against the stream." These persons
are never pioneers in any department
of life. They never prolect any great
public improvemcnt,asUinith tlw world
wiib Ibe brilliancy of thoir genius, or
holp to elovato the standard of moral
or intellectual excollouce. Thoy do
nothing but agree with other people,
and follow afler them. They aro Dev.
er seen standing away out in advanoo
of publio sentiment, and bringing that
sentiment uptofAeirstandard ; but like
the wavos of tho sen, they advance just
as fur as others advanced before them,
and thon rocodo again into the ocean
of obscurity. They are not of those
of whom it is said, "they are in ad
vance of iheir ago." They are eringcrs
to publio oninin. They kiss tbo bond
of tho wealthy, court iho great, and
aro dispiscd by both alike.
Then, there is another class directly
the opposite of the one I have de
scribed. Although influenced bv the
sums power'aa tho other, tboy have a
difloront motive in view. For fear it
will be said they aro controlled by pub.
lio opinion, they agree with pbbody.
Tbey urn, emphatically, tbe deolded
people Thoy bave an opinion of their
own whioh is right of course,and every,
body's else is wrong. Tboy know more
in meirown estimaiion,ihan other peo
ple and talk most learnedly and elo
quently on quoetloni of which they
know but littlo or nothing. They are
-Til. 1 : T l : i
ui i u oe wuu tuiua every oouy ana ev
erylhlng is wrong when not in Accord,
ance witb tboir own views. They tm ;
agiuA everything new l an innovation. ,
and say "it i not the way they -sea
to do." Tbey answer yoa or no wuu
a vim j or raiuor, tnoy or u, ..,
When askad why anything U so they
say "beoauaa It Is f know it Is." xoit
could not convince i hem of their
if you were to oxhaust tbe power or
logio or tbe force ot eloquence. YH .
OOUIO no ninaa annua -
earth revolves and tho sup stands still,
or that It ia within tbo range of human
possibility to ascertain tho distance
between the two. These people do
little harm and not much good in tha,
world, exoopl when they bappon to M
on the right sido, and then it ia r
ceedingly uncertain how long yon Are)
going lo hold Uiem.it they get tne lueaj
you. want to do lo. They bave nothr
ing to do with forming publio opinion,
for they will not be convinced tbenv
solves, and they cannot convince anj j
one else. I bave never been able to .
ascertain the precise usefulness of thif 1
oluss, unions it was to nontralizo tbj
effect of the first, and make It necea-x'
sary for a third, wbo constitute thq-
conservative element and muintain (,
all limes a proper mediocrity. Jlbeso
last arrive at their conclusions from,
sound reasoning and general informa- jj
tion. Tbey neither ogroo with, , nor v
dissent frotn.the opinion ot Pthers un
til they have examined tbe whole ques- 1
tion, and are satisfied which is righj.
These are the pioneers of publio scnti- '
ment. They entertain the prevailing
ideas, and have all to do with making
up public Opinion, xney mina;, men
reason and convince outers iua mey
are right. These are the people who ,
malto the world move with their in
domitable energy, their untiringindua.
try and Iheirqnunsweruble arguments.
But I will not pursue this thought
farther.
Tho evidences of tbe influenco of
publio opinion on jndividoal character,
are to be found nil around us, and in
our every day observations. In tho
lack of men to do itieir auty, ootu as
publio officers and as private oitizens,
lor no bettor reason than that it would
not bo popular. Men aro very fond of
popularity, and vory jealous of it, too.
lUere are none OI ua entirely ma i rum
It provails in every department oi
life. The citizen fails to do hs duty
in assist! i, , to suppress vico for fear of
making an encmj or incurring the dis
pleasure of public opinion'. Public offl
cere fail sometimes to discharge their
duty for tho same reason, and thus we
find an evil most disastrous V. publio
wolfurs and individual character grow-
ng tip in our midst, beneath the shad
ow ol our own nonies, pcruapo, sou
undermining the very foundations of
social and domestic happiness. Take
Ibo evil of intemperance-. Lould not
publio opinion, with the discharge oi
public and private duty, frown it out
of existence? Let it be made dis
reputable, and let men wbo indulge in
it le (nude to foci tbut they are humili
ating themselves, and the practice of
drunkenness will declino and die. So
witb Sabbath breaking and profane
swearing. Tuke tbo liquor traffic ; and -I
refer to this, because recently it waa
a question ut tbe polls. Why, it has
been considered a respectaoie occupa
tion and many respectable men have
engaged in it. It has been legalized by
law, and public opinion nas sanctioned
it. Withdraw this endorsement and
make it disreputable, and honorable
men will not engage in it, and dieboa-
orubio men cannot carry it on. How
is it to-day r Why contrary to every
law of the Commonwealth, In violation
of publio morals, in direct antagonism
to every sense ot propriety and the
best interests of society, some fellow
will atari a grog-shop in sight of this
very Tempio of Justice itself, and citi
zens and officers alike, are afraid to re
turn him, for fear of losing a little popu
larity. ' Tbe same is true of many of
our publio men, both in the Slate and
nation. A bill comes up in tbe Legis
lature, or in Congress, to prohibit tbe
sale of intoxicating liquors, and mem- ,
bers are afraid to vole for it lor fear
of. tbe whiskey men, and afraid to vole
against it for fear of the temperance
men ; instead of inquiring what ia my
duty in this rase and then going
straight forward in the discbarge of
that duty, regardlose of popularity or
publio opinion. I have only read of
ono man, who said he would rather be
riglti than be presidont.
Il..t !.; 1,,-a nf rtnnnlarilM ia nA.
confined to our publio moo alone, or
those in socular employments. It has
taken hold of members of the christian
church, who fear to do their whole
duty at all times in view of what tba
world might say of them. Aye, it baa
dono more than Ibis. It has laid siege
lo the sacred precincts of Iho pulpit
itself. Il has invaded tho .sanctum
smctorun of tbe church, and we now
hear of such a modern "got op" as a -popular
preacher I Why, Christianity
never has boen popular and never will
bo, becauso il is in direct antagonism
lo the natural propensitios of the hu
man heart. It was not popular in tbe
days of its great Founder, and is not
now, because the "world loyeth iu
own." A popular sermon means ft
sermon with no religion in it. Henry
Ward Boecber, though a very talented
man, is a popular preacher wiib a cer
tain cluse, aid so is Brigham Young ;
and I don't know which does the moet
harm. Bocchcr preaches thero la no
bell, and Brigham practice what
Beocher preachoe. "Free thought as-aru-iailons"
appear ta be popular in
some localities, and ao do ''free lovo
societies, which simply means to love
evorobody, but your owe, and then
think as you pleaso about it I
Tho most noted instances of tho
ofleolB of pnblie opinion on Individual
character are to bo found in sacred
history. I will only mention two ; not
becauso thero aro no more, and not bo-
cause there are none in our own day,
but because Uio history of these ia
most familiar and impressive. That
first is that of the brave and intrepid
Peter, He, who upon more than ono
occasion had attested his fidelity lo his
Mnstor, and when told that he would
deny him, stoutly protested that ho
would not, and asserted, most confi
dently, that ho would follow bim
whithersoever he went, even unto
deulh, lie, who, when his Mastor waa
betrayed, asked if they should smilo
with ihe aword, and drawing it smote
off the ear of Malchus, tbe servant of
the High Prioet, so brave and deter
mined was be. . Poor, mistaken Peter!
Look at bim an hour later, as ho stands
warming himself at ihe fire in the pal
ace ol Cainphas I Hear bim Asserting
most vehemently, with fearful oalbs
and cursings, "I know not the man I"
He waa afraid ot publio opinion, and,
perhaps, of death. f
The second li that of the poor, weak,
vascillatlng, cowardly Pilate,' at the
mock trial of Polcr'a Master. Threo
timet did Pilato positively assert that
bo found nothing worthy of death irt
him. Tbroe times d4 he go out to
Ihe people and Attempt to release him
Confinud on fourth page.1
1