da
CONSTITUTION-
flaw Constitution Proposed to the Citlieni
of the uommosweaiia xor weir Appro?!
or B ejection, by tnt Uonetitntionei Oon
ention. '. . " . 1
WwW by order of the Secretary of the
itrtwn of an act of the General Atsemlty,
entitled An act to provide for calling a
Convention to amend tte CoMtitution"
improved thtllth rfiiy of April A. I),
FKJt AMBLE.
V7e,thepwpl of the Commonwealth of Ponn
sytranla, grateful to Almighty Uod fur tbe bless
luKiof civil and religious liberty, and hum bit
Invoking Hit guldanoe, do ordain and establish
ibis Constitution.
ARTICLE I,
DB0LAJUT10 or It Q DTI.
Tbattna general, great and naeentlal prlnot.
plot of lltxrty and free goternment may be ro
torn tied and uneltereblj established, we declare
that
(Hotiox 1. AH men ire bora equally free end
ladependonf, ana nave certain tiibereut and in
defeasible rights, among wbiob are thoee of en
joying and defending lifo and liberty, of acquir
ing, possess! ug and protecting property and rep
utation, and of punning their own happineu
guc.S. All power ii Inherent In the people, and
all free government! are founded on their author
iij and Instituted for their peace, aafety and hap
piness. For the edvanoementof these endi they
ire it all tlmei an inalienable and Indefeasible
right to alter, reform or abolish their govern
ment In "ch mannner as they may think proper.
Pec. 8. All men have a natural and Indefeasl.
"We right to worship Almighty Hod according to
the dictates of tbelr own oonseleneea; ne man
can ol right be compelled to attend, erect or sup
port any place of worship, or to maintain any
ministry against his eonsent ; no human author
ity ean. In any ease whatever, oontrol or inter,
fere with the rights of eonsoienoe, and no pre
ferenoe shall ever be given by law to any relig
ious establishments or modes of worship.
tiao. 4, Ho penon who acknowledges the being
of a Uod and a future state of reward and pun
ishments shall, on acoonnt of bis religious seutL
menu, bt disqualified to hold any ollloe or plaee
of trust or profit UDdor the Common wealth.
Bnc. 6. Elections shall be free and equal; and
no power, civil or military, ahall at aiiy time in
terfere to prevent the free exorcise of the right
of suffrage.
Hao. 6. Trial by fury shall be ai heretofore,
and the right thereof remain inviolate
Bio 7. The printing press shall be tree to every
person who may undertake to examine the pro
ceed ioga of the Legislature or any branch of
government, and no law ahall ever be made to
resUain the right thereof. The free communica
tion of thoughts and opinions Is one of the invar
iable rights of man, and every oitiien may free
ly speak, write and print on any subject, being
responsible for the abuje vf that liberty. No
conviction shall be bad in any prosecution for the
SubHoatlon of papers relating to the official oon
uot of officers or men in public capacity, or to
any other matter proper for public investigation
or Information wbere tbe facts that such publica
tion was not maliciously or negligently made
ball be established to the satisfaction of the jury;
and in all Indictments for libels tbe jury shall
bave the right to determine tbe law and the facts,
under tbe direction of tbe court, as In other
eases. :
bao. 9. The people shall be secure In their per-1
sons, bouses, papers, and possessions, from unrea-1
senable searches and seisures, and no warrant to ;
search any place or to seise any person or things
shall issue without describing them as nearly as i
may be, nor without probable oauea, supported j
by oath or affirmation, subscribed toby the affi
ant I
eased bath a light to be beard by himself and his
counsel, to deiur. the nature and cause of tbe
accusation against h tin, to meet tbe witnesses lace
to face, to haveoxmpuliory process for obtaining
witnesses in hit favor, and In prosecutions by in
dletment or Information, a speedy public trial by
an impartial jury of tbe vicinage; he cannot be
Compelled to give evidence sgiinst himself, nor
ean ne d aepnved or his mo, liberty, or proper
ty, unless by the judgment of his peers or the
law of tbe land.
CIO. 10. No person shall fur any Indictable of
fence be proceeded against criminally, by Infur
nation, except tn oases arising in tbe land or na
val forces, or In the militia, when In actual ser
vice, in times of war and pablio danger, or by
loavo of tbe court, for oppression or nil demean
or in office, No person shall for tbe same offense
be twioe put in jeopardy of life or limb; not
oaji private property oe tax en orappueu to puo-
lie use without authority of law, and without
lust compensation being first made or secured
Bao. 11, All oourts shall be open; and every
man tor en injury aono aim in Die unui, gooas,
portone, or reputation, shall bave remedy by due
course of law, and right and justice administered
without sale, denial, or delay. Suite may be
brought against the Commonwealth in suoh Si in
ner, In sncb courts, end in suoh oases u the Leg
islature may by law direct.
rise. 12. No power of suspending laws shell be
-exercised unless kby the Legislature or by its au
thority. Puo.ll. Excessive ball shall not be required,
or cmve noes imposea, nor eruei punisn
toeat Inflicted.
Hao. 14. All prisoners shall bo bailable by suf
ficient sureties, unless for capital offenses, when
the proof is evident or presumption great; and
the privilege of tbe writ of habeas corpus shall
not be suspended, unless when in ease of rebellion
or Invasion the public safety may require It.
Bio, 16. No commission of oyer and terminer
or jail delivery shall be issued.
baa. 16. Tbe person of a debtor, wbere there is
not strong preemption of traud, shall not be
continued In prison after delivering up bis estate
for tbe benefit of his creditors, in suoh man tier as
ahall be prescribed by law.
Bsc. 17. No m roKT facto tiv, nor any law
Imp tiring the obligation of contracts, or making
irrevocable any grant of special privilegesor im
munities, shall be passed.
Sao, )S. No perron shall be attained of treason
t felony by the legislature.
Bko. 19. No attainder shall work corruption of
blood, nor, except during the life or tbeoBender.
forfeit the estate to tbe Commonwealth; the es
tate of such persona aa shall destroy their own
lives sbsll deaoeod or vest as In cases of natural
deitb, and if any "person shall be killed bj cas
ualty, there shall bo no forfeiture by reason
thereof.
Pc. 10. Tbe oltliens bave a right In a peace
able manner to assembIetogether for i heir com
mon good, and to apply to those Invested with Ibe
powers of government for redrefs of grievances
or othsr proper purposes, by petition, address or
remonstrance.
Pao.Sl. Tbe right of cltlsens to boar arms tn
defense of themselves and tbe State tLa.Il not be
questioned.
Hmo.lt. No standing army sbsll. In time of
peace, be kept op without the consent ef the Leg
islature and thejmllitary Wshall. in all (cases, and
at all times, be In strict subordination to tbe
elvil powers.
bee. S3. No soldier shall In time of peace be
quartered In any house without the o onsen t of
ihe owner, nor in time of wartbut In a manner to
,be prescribed by law.
Sao 31. The Legislature shall not grant any
title of nobility or hereditaryj'diitlnotion, nor
create any offloe the appointment of which shall
be for a longer term than during food behavior.
Bsc. 16. Emigration from the Stats shall not be
prohibited
Hao. 16 To guard against transgressions of tbe
nun powers wbiob we have delegated, wo declare
that everythlng;inthis article Is e men ted out of
idc general powers or government, ana man tor
ever remain Inviolate.
AUTICLB II.
fran lbuishtubu.
Btcno 1. Tbe legislative powers ef th)sCom
nienweath shall be vested In a General A trembly,
which shall consist of a rJcoato and House of
Kepresontatlvee.
fine. 1 Members of the General Assembly shall
be ohoeen at tbe general election every second
J ear. Their term of service shall begin on tbe
ret day of Dooerabor Jnext after their election.
Whenever a vacancy shall occur in either House,
tbapreirfdlngloffioer thereof shall lsue awrit of
election to Ail suck vacancy for the remainder ol
.the term
Mo, S. Bffjators shall Ibe eteoied for a term of
a: our years, ana representatives lor toe (term or
it wo Tears.
rJao. . Tbe General Assembly 'shell, meet at
jewel ve elook noon, on toe nrst jueaday or Jan.
eiary every second year, and at o'her times when
.convened dt tbe ( over nor, but shall hold no ad
journed annual session after tbe yearoae thou
sand eight bund red and seventy eigut. in ease
of a vacancy In the offloe of United ritates Kena
Aor from this Commonwealth, m a reooss between
em Jons, the (J over nor shall convene tbe two
Aoiiioe by proclamation on noUce not exceeding
elity days to fill the same
Pac 6. benator shall be at least twenty-fire
years of age, and ltpreaentativesj? twenty-one
year? ef age. They shall have been eitliene and
Inhabitants of the brata four years, and inhabit
ants of their reepeetlve dietrlots one year next
before their election (unices absent on the public
easiness of tbe United Htetee or of IhisHtstej.
and shall reside In their respect! re districts dur
1ns their term of eervloe.
Bsc. No Senator or Repreeentatlva shall.
orlng toe time for which he shall hire bean
fleeted, be appointed to any eiril offloe nnder
this Commonwealth, and ae member of Congress
or other person holding any offlie (eicept of al
toroey-a ( law or to Ibe militia) under tbe United
States or this - Commonwealth shall be a member
of either bouse durinf bis continuance In oftice.
Fhc. T. No person hereafter ecnvloted of em
beiiletnont of public moneys, bribery, perjury
or other Infamous crime, shall be eligible to Ibe
)enral Assembly, or capable of holding any
-.in or trout or print in trite uommonweann
fir. 0. Ihe members of the Ueneral Assembly
"" reflet ve nob salary and mileage ror regular
andfpeclal eeasions ae shall be fixed by law, and
other eocnprnsation whatever, whether for
r lee upon eommlttee or otherwise. No mem
wrof either house shall, dorln'g the term for
'eh hemav have Immb alaeted. raeeire an tn-
freaseof salary, or milage, under any law passed
"urn term.
loeeof esb regular session and at such otbor
J"n as may be neesaary, elect one of its mem
"TwMdeot pro tempore, who shall PBttvrm
do" f the Lieutenant Uoveruor. In any
'"of sbeenca or dleabl llty of that officer, and
.KYI?! Uie said offloe of Lieutenant (iovernor
k! i Tctt- The lleuse of Hepreeentatlvee
III" 0 of Its members as Hpeaker. Karh
T-i ''"ebooae Its ether officers, and shall
elwlloo and joaliflntioni of It
CLEARFIELD
GOODLANDEE & HAQEETT,
VOL. 47-WHOLE NO
Sxo. 10. A majority of each House shall oon
mute a quorum, nut a smaller number may ad
journ Irom day to day, and eouipel the attend
anoe of absent members.
Bao. 11. Kaoh bouse shall hava nowa? taAt.
mine the rules of its proceedings and puuish Its
uiviuuvnur uipw roreuos xor contempt or dlsor
derly bebarolr In Us pretence, to eufurca obedl.
enoe to its process, to protect its members against
Tiuiciico, ur uuure ui orioei or private solicitation.
ana witn tne ooncurrenoe or two-thirds, to expel
a memner, out not a seeona time for the um
cause, and shall have all other powers necessary
(or the legislature of a free tit ate. A member
expelled for corruption shall not thereafter be
ei i st Die tneiiber aouse, ana Dumsbmeni far Ann
tempt or disorderly behavior shall net bar au in-
uiotmer.i lor tne same onense
6o 12. Each bouse shall keep a journal of its
prooceuings ana irom time to time nub tsh tl
same, except such parts as require secrecy, and
turn yew ana nays 01 tne mourners on any ques-
itoo shall, at tbe desire ol any two of them be
eoterea on me journal. ,
Hrc. 13. Tbe sosi ions of eanh house and of om
mltteea of the whole shall be open, unless when
tue Pustness is suon as ought to o kept sooret
buo U. Neither houve shall, without the twin
son t of the other adjmrn for more than three
aays, nor to any other place man that in wbiob
tne two nouws snail oe ittinsc.
8co. 16. Tbe members of tbe General Assembly
shall in all casus, exoent trenson. felon v. viola.
tion of their oath of office, and breach or surety of
iub pnaoe, oeprmiegou irem arrest auring tbe:
auenaanoe at the tcmions or their respective
bouses, and In go'ng to and returning from tbe
same; and for any speech or debate In either
nouse, tnoy suau not no qussttoned in any other
pinoe
bao. 18 The State shall be divided Into Aft
Senatorial districts of compact and oontlguous
wruory, as nearly equal in population as ma;
do, anaeacn aistrict snau oe eniitiea to aiaotun
Henator. fcach county 'containing one or more
ratios oi wopuiatton snau ne oniitlea to one sen
ator tor each ratio, ana to an additional Senator
for a surplus of population exceeding three-fifth
ofaratlo; but no county shall form a separate
utsinoi unless it snau contain rour-nrttis of
ratio, except where tbe adjoining oounties are
each entitled to one or more rJeoaturt, when such
county may bo assigned a senator n less than
lour-nnns, ana exceeding one-oeii or a ratlo.and
no oountv shall be divided unless entitled to two
or more Ben a tors, no cttv or eountv snail bo en.
titled to separate representation exceeding; one-
sixtn oi tne wnoie nuinoor ol senators. io ward,
borouirh.or township shall be divided In th
formation of a district. The Senatorial ratio
shall be ascertained by dividing the whole pop'
utation of the Htate by tbe number fifty
fcao. 17. i oe members oi tne uouse of Kenre
rentatires shall be apportioned among tbe seve
ral counties, on a ratio ootainea ny at riding tn
DODuUtioD of the htate aa ascertained be th
mot recent United States census by two hundred
Every eounty containing leas than fire ratios
shall bave one representative for every full ratio
and an additional representative when the sur-
plui exceeds half a ratio : but each eountv shall
bsve at least one representative. Every eountv
containing nve ratios or more snau nave one rep
resentative ror every iu it ratio, verv cttv con.
tainirg equal to a ratio shall elect separately Its
proportion or tne representatives aiioiteu to tne
county to which ttlslooated. Rvery city entitled
to more than four representatives, and every
county having over one hundred thousand Inhab
itants, shall be divided Into distriots of compaot
and oontlguous territory, each district to elect
its proportion of representatives according to its
population, but no district shall elect mure than
four retireeentalives.
Bao. IB. Tho Ueneral Anembly at Its first ses
sion after tbe adoption of this oonstitutfon. and
immediately after each United States decennial
census, shall apportion the btate into Senatorial
and ltepresentative districts agreeably to the
provisions ol the two next proceeding sections
ARTICLE III.
LRaiSLATlOX.
FicTtow 1. No law shall be passed except by
bill, and no bill shall be so altered oi amended
on its passage through either house as to ehange
its ortfftnat purpose.
bio. 2. No bill shall bo considered unless re
ferred to a committee, returned therefrom, and
printed for tbe use of the members.
Hao, S No bill, exoept general approprlatlot
bills, shall be pasted containing: more than one
subjoor, which shall be clearly expressed in its
title.
Hec. 4 Every bill shall be read at length on
tbree different days lueaoh bouse; all amend
ments made thereto shall be printed for the use
oi tne members colore tne nnai vote is taken on
the bill, and no bill shall become a law unlei
its final passage the vote be taken by yeas and
nays, the names of the persons voting for and
against the same be entered on tbe journal and
a majority of the members elected to each bouse
be recorded thereon as voting in Its favor.
Bug. 6. No amendmeut to bills by one bouse
shall be eononrred in by the other, oxoept by a
vote of a majority of the members elected there
to taken by yeas and nays,and tbe namoc of those
voting tor aua against record oa upon tneiiurnai
thereof; and reports of committees of conference
shall be adopted In either house ooly by the vote
of a majority or tbe members elected tnereto,
taken by yeas and nays, and the names of
those votina recorded upon tbe journal.
rite. t. No law rball be revived, amended, or
the provisions thereof extonded or con for red by
rofeieoce to Its title only, but se much thereof as
re revived, amnnuet, extended, or oonrerred
shall be re-enacted and published at length.
bao. 7. The Ueneral Assembly shall not pass
any local or special law ;
Authorising the creation, extension or Impair
ing oi nens;
Hegulatfng the affairs of counties, cities, town
ships, wards, boroughs, or school districts;
Chan it (die the names of persons or places ;
Changing the venue in civil or criminal caws;
Authorising the laying out, opening, altering,
or maintaining roads, highways, streets, or al
leys;
Relating to ferries or bridges, or Incorporat
ing ferry or bridge companies exoept for the
erection 01 ornges crossing streams waicu form
boundaries between rnis and any otoer state ;
Vacattnx roali, town plats, streets, er alleys;
Relating to cemeteries, graveyards, or public
a rounds not of the titate :
Authorising tho adoption or legitimation of
children :
Locating or changing eounty seats, erecting
new counties, or changing eouoty lines;
Incorporating cities, towns or Vit legos, or
ehanffinx their charters;
For the opening and conducting of elections, or
Dxing or onanging tne pi ace oi voting
(4 rMntln dlvuroas :
Krectlng new townsblpt or boroughs, changing
township lines, borough limits, or school dls-
trinU:
Creating offices, prescribing tho powers and
duties ot omcers 10 counties, ciuei, norouguv,
townibipi. election or school districts ;
rhanffin the law of descent orsufeeeeton ;
Regulating the practice or jurisdiction of, or
ehanflim the rales or evidence tn any nntoiai
proceed inx or inquiry before oourts. aide men
just ices of the peace, sheriffs, oommlesioners, ar
bitrators, audi ors. masters la ohanoery. or other
tribunals, or providing or ensnaring meinodf. tr
tbe collection ol deou, or tbe eniurciug oi j Hut
ment, or prescribing the effect of Jadialal sales
of real estate ;
Rexu latins the fees, or extending the powers
and duties of aldermen, justice ef the peace.
magistrates, or oon names ;
Regulating tho management of public schools,
the building or repairing of school bouses, aud
the raising of money Mr such purposes;
Fixing the rate of interact;
Affecting the estates of minors or persons under
disability. exoept alter duen Mlce to all parties In
Interest, to be recited In the special enactment;
Remitting fines, penalties and furfelturee, or
refunding moneys legally paid into tbe Treas
ury; Kxempdng property from taxation;
Regulatiog labor, trade, mining or manufac
turing; Creating corporations, or amending, renewing,
or extending the charters thereof ;
Orantlng to any corporation, association or In
dividual any special or exclusive privilege or Im
munity or to any corporation association or Indi
vidual the rlcbt to lay down a railroad track
Nor shall the tiencral Assembly Indirectly enact
such special or local law by the partial repeal ot
a general law, but laws repealing local or special
acts may be passed. Nor shall any law be passed
granting powers ur privileges in any niw wowre
tbe granting oi suen powers muo priTis;v
have been provided for by general Isw. nor wbere
the courts have juris fiction to grant the ameor
give the relief autoes Tor.
Uuo. M. No local or anwiial bill shall be paseed
unless netlee of the intention to apply therefor
shall have been published in tte locality wo ere
tbe matter or the thing tn be affected may be sit
uated, which notice shall be at least tbirtv days
prior to tbe introduction ioto me iseoerai flwo
blyof such bill, end In the wanner te be pro
vided bv law : the evidence of such notice bay-
Ing been published, shall be exhibited la Ibe
aneral Assembly before such act shall be
Hun. 0 The presiding offioer of each bouse
shall, tn the presence of tbe noose over which he
presides, sign ail bills and Joint resolutions
passed by IheOeneral Assembly, after their titles
Lave been publicly read Immediately before
signing, and the fact of signing shall be entered
on the Journal ,
Hoc. lit. The (loners! Assembly shall prescribe
bylaw tbe number, duties at.d compensation of
k. nfn. mn4 tnl reel of each bue. and no
natmeat shall be made front theKlate Treasury.
i-V. i. . w. nihoflae-l re anv nereea, ex
cept to an acting ufflner or employee elected or
Vm 1 J. K .HI "Km rasaad f Muff astr the
,0 LkWirywwt, ,
Publishera,
2347.
ployee, agent or contractor, after services shall
haro beeu rendered or contract made, nor pro
vldlng for the payment of any claim against tbe
vuuiuiouwoauu, witbout previous autborlty ol
law.
Hue, 11. All stationery, printing, paper, and
tuei area ig tne legislative and other depart
niento of xovernmeut shall be furnlnhad n,i k.
printing, binding, and distributing of th laws,
journals, department reports, and all other
printing and binding, and the repairing and
furnisbiug the halls and rooms used fur tbe
meetings of the Ueneral Assembly and Its com
mittees, shall be porformed under oon tract, to
be given to tho lowest responsible bidder below
suoh maximum prioe and under suoh regulations
m an mi oe prescribed by law; no member ot of
ficer Of anv detiarlmant nf thm vnvarttmanl tjl,ll
be In any way intereited In such oon tracts, sud
all such oontraots shall be subject to the approv
al of the Governor, Auditor Ueneral and tftate
HUH. IS No law shall extend tha termnfanw
public officer, or Increase or diminish bis salary
ur viuuiuwenis aiterois election or appjint
ment. .
tine, 1. All bills for raising revenue shall
originate iu the House of Kepresentatlros. bub
theisenata may propose amendments as In other
Hao. 16. The xeneral appropriation bill shall
emoraoe notntng out appropriations ror tne or
dinary expenses of the executive, leglslatlvi
and jmlloia. 4upartments of the Uoumouwoaltb
iittereit on tne puoiio dobt, and lor pubii
achools; nil other appropriations shall bemad
by separate bills, each embrr oing but one sub
ject.
Hno. 18. No nonev shall bo raid out of th
Treasury oxoept upon appropriations made bv
law and on warrant drawn by the proper offloe r
in pursuance thereof
dkc 17. No appropriation shall bo made to
any onaritabie or educational institution not un
dr the absolute eontiol of the Commonwealth
other than normal schools established by law fo
the professional training of teachers for tbe
public schools of the State, except by a vote of
iwo-iniru or an the motnbera oleoted to each
bouse.
Hao. 19. No appropriations except for nen
sion6 or gratuities for military aorvioes shall be
mane inr cbaritaoie, educational or benovoieut
purposes, to any person or community, nor to
Any denominational or sectarian Institution, cor
poration or association.
Hao. 19 Tbe Ueneral Assembly may make ap
propriation of money to Institutions wherein the
widows of soldiers are supported or assisted or
tne orpnanaoi soldiers are maintained andcau
oated ; but suoh appropriation shall be applied
exclusively to the support of such widows and
orpnane.
(Sao. 20. The General Assembly shall not del
egate to any special commission, private corpo
ration or association, any power to make, super
vise or intcifere with any municipal Improve
ment, money, property or effects, whether held
in trust oroinerwlse,or to levy taxes or periorm
any municipal function whatever
Sec, 21. No not of the Ueneral Assembly shall
limit tbe amount to be recovered for injuries re
sulting In death, or for injuries to persons or
property, and in ease of death from such inju
ries, the right of action shall survive, and ibe
ueneral Assembly sball prescribe lor wnoje ben
efit such actions shall be prcecuted; no act shall
proscribe any limitations of time within which
suite may be brought against corporations for In
juries to persons or property, or for other causes
0 1 no rent irom inose nxed by general taws regu
latiug actions against natural persons, and suoh
aots now existing are avoiaea.
Hac. 22. No act of the Ueneral Assembly shall
authorise tbe investment of trust funds by
exeoutors, administrators, guardians, or othor
trustees, in the bonds or stock of any private cor
poration, and such acts now existing are avoid
ed, eaving m veil menu beretoiore maue.
hac. 2.1. The power to ob antra the venue In
civil and criminal oases shall be vested In the
courts, to be exiroised fa such manner as shall
be provided by law,
Sao. 21. No obligation or liability of any rail
road or other corporation, bold or owned by the
Commonwealth, shell ever be exenangeu, trans
ferred, remitted, postponed, or In any way di
minished by the Ueneral Assembly, nor shall
sucb liability or obligation be released, oxoept
bv navment thereof inio ibe Btate Treasury.
8ac. 26. Whea the Ueneral Assembly shall
beoonvened in special session, there shall be no
legislation upon subjects older man tnose Desig
nated In the proclamation of the Uoveruor, call
in sucb session-
rW. 2. Every order, resolution, or Tote, to
which the concurrence of both houses may be
necessary (except on the question of adjourn
ment) sbtill be presented to the Uovernor, and
before It shall take effect be approved by uiin, or
being disapproved, shall be repassed oy two
thirds of both houses, according to the rule and
limitations prescribed In ease ot a bill.
Bee. 27. No Htate office sball be continued er
created for the Inspection or measuring of any
merchandise, manufacture or commodity, but
any eounty er municipality may appoint sucn
ocicors when authorised by law.
Sec 24. No law ohanxinx tbe location of the
capital ot me tnate j an be vanu until tue asms
sball have boeu submitted to tbe qualified elec
tors of the Commonwealth, at a general election,
and ratioed and approved by tbem.
Hac. 20 A member of the General Assembly
who sball solicit, demand or receive, or consent
to receive, directly or Indirectly, for himself or
for another, from any company, corporation, or
person, any money, obioe, appoiotment, employ,
ment, testimonial, reward, thing of value or en
joyment, or ot personal advantage er prom lie
thereof, for his vote or official influence, or for
withholding the same, or with an understanding
expressed or implied, that bis vote or official ac
tion sball be in any way Influenced thereby, or
who sball solicit or demand any suoh money or
other advantage, matter, or thing aforesaid for
another, as tbe consideration or his vote or otnolal
influence or for withholding' tbe same, or sball
aire or withhold bis vote or influence in consid
eration of tbe payment or promise of sucb money,
advantage, matter, or thing to another, shall be
held guilt of bribery within tbe meaning of this
uonsiitftfu, and snail incur tne disabilities pro
vided thereby for said offense, and such addition
al punishment as la or shall be provided by law.
Hec. Ho. Any person wbo shall, directly or In
directly, offer, give, or promise any money, or
thing of value, testimonial, privilege, or personal
ad ran tags, to any executive or judicial officer qr
member of tbe Ueneral Assembly, to influence
him In the performance of any of his public or
omciai unties, snau oe guilty oi oriDory, ana oe
unisned in sucn manner as snau ne provided by
Hec Si. The offense of corrupt solicitation of
members of the Ueneral Assenbly or of public
officers of the Htate, or of any municipal divis
ion inerett.and any oeeopattou or practice oiroiio
Itatlrn of such members or officers, to influence
their official action, sball be defined hy law, and
shall be punished by line and Imprisonment.
Han. tl Anv person may be compelled to tes
tify in any lawful Investigation or judicial pro
ceeding, against any person wno may be charged
with having committed tho offonse of bribery or
eorrunt solicitation or practices of solicitation,
and shall not be permitted to withhold bis ten li
ra on y upon the ground that It may erimioate
himself or subject him to public Infamy; but
sucb testimony shall not afterwards be ued
against him In any judicial proceeding, except
fur perjury In giving sucb testimony, and any
person convicted of either of the offences afore
said, sball, as pari of the punishment therefor,
oe auquaiined irom noiuing any nmse or posi
tion of honor, trust, or profit in this Common-
weaiiu.
pro. M. A member wbo has a personal or pri
vate interest in any measure or bill proposed or
pending before tbe Ueneral Assembly snail uis-
olose the fact t tbe bouse of which he i a mem
ber and shall not vote thereon.
- ARTICLE IV.
Tna axnctTfiva.
Pirrtoit 1. Tbe Kxecotlve department of this
Commonwealth shall consist cf a Uovernor, Lien
ton sat Uovernor, tteoretery of the Common
wealth, Attorney Uenerel. Auditor Ueneral, Htate
Treasurer, reerctary nf Internal Affairs, and a
ruperintondent of Tubus instruction.
Hao 1. Tbe supreme executive power shall be
vetted In theUevernor, wbo shall take care that
tbe laws be faithfully executed ; he shall be oho
ecu on the day of the gueral election by the
qualified electors of the Commonwealth, el the
planes where they ahall vote for Hepresentatlves.
Ibe returns of every election for Uovernor nhall
be sealed nrr and transmitted to the seat of gov
ernment directed to the President of the Senate,
who shall open and publish tbem lb the presence
of Ibe members of both houses of the Ueneral As
sembly. Tbe person having the highest number
f letee shell be Uovernor, but if two or more be
equal and highest in votes, one of them shall he
efciMien Uovernor by ibe j tint vote cf the members
ot both houses. Centeaied elections shall bede
termined by a committee, to be selected from
both bouses of the Ueneral Assembly, and form
ed and regelated In such manner as shall bo di
reelnd br law.
rsr . i. Tha Uovernor shall bold his ofllee dur-
Inf four years from tbe third Tuesday of Janu
sry next ensuing his election, and sbsll not be
eligible to the office for tho next succeeding
term.
Kan. 4. A Lieutenant Unvernor shall be cho
sen at Ibe same time, In the asms m inner, for the
same term, and subject In tne same provisions as
the Uovernor j he shell be president of the Hen
ate. but shall have no vote unless they be equal
ly divided.
Hac Ne person shall be eligible to the offine
of Uovernor or Lieutenant Uovernor eicept aeit
iten of tbe Colled mates, wbo ahall have attain
ed tbe age of thirty years, and bare been eevnn
ers nest nreoeedinc his election an lefcabf tent
of Ihe Hale tes he shall bare be hwt on
Pnbfe bOUt Jfci UA itJ ? 'of
I
PRINCIPLES
CLEARFIELD, PA., WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 26,
Sno. 6 No member of Cong rose or person hold
ing any office under the Inited HUtes or this
Male shall eterolso the oftbe of Uorerasr ur
Lieutenant Uovernor.
baa 7 The Uovernor shall be commander-in-
chief of the array and navy of tho Commonwealth,
and the militia, except when they sbnll be called
Into to actual service of tbe Unite J Klaus
Hsu. b He sball nominate, and by and with
the advice and eonsent of two-thirds ot a!l the
members of thetienate, appoint a secretary of the
Commonwealth and an Attorney Ueneral during
pleasure, a Hnperintendent of Public Instruction
tor lour years, and suon other omceror the (.torn-
ni on wealth as he is or may bo authorised by tbe
oouititution or bylaw to appoint; hesballhare
puwvr vt un ui vacancies tnai may nappsnx in
offices to which he may appoint daring the recess
of tho Senate by granting ooioulssions which
shall expire at the end of their next session; he
shall have power to fill any vacancy that may
happen during the recess of the Hen ate. in the
offiae of Auditor Ueneral, Htate Treasurer. Hao ro
tary of Internal Affairs or Hupcrlntendtot of
Publio Instruction. In the judicial office, or in
any otber elective oluoe which be ts or any be
sumoriseu to un. , -
If the vuuaiiey shell happen during the Ks don
oi tue senate, uie tovoruor eniui noiutnt0o the
Senate, before their final ad journmei, a "proper
person toon said vacancy.
But in any suoh ease of vacancy, In an elective
offloe. a person shall be ehosen to sld office at
tbe next general election, unless the vaonnoy
shall happen within three calendar montha Im
mediately preceding iu-b election. In wbiob oese
the election for sid office shall bo he's1 at the
second lujoeeding gonera) election.
In acting on Hxenutire nominatlons.ths Senate
ball sit with open doors, and In confirming or
rvjooung mo nominations oi tne uoveraor, ibe
vote shall be taken by yeas and nays, and sball
be enterod on tbe journal.
Hec 9. ile shall have power to remit Inesand
forfeitures, to grant reprieves, commutations or
sentences and psrdons, oxoept in eases of im
peachment, but no pardon shall he granted, nor
sentence commuted, exoept upon the reoonimen
datton In writing of the Lieutenant Uovernor,
Secretary ui tbe Commonwealth, Attorney Uen
eral and Secretary of internal Affairi, or any
three of thereafter full hearing upoodie public
notioe and in open sessions, and suoh recommen
dation, witu the reasons Uiorehir at length, sball
be recorded and filed in tho office of the Secreta
ry of the Commonwealth.
Sao. Iu. Jia may require Information ia writ
ing from the i-fluers of the Kxeoutlve Depart
ment, upon any sujoot relating to thedutlas of
ineir respective omces.
Han 11. lis sball, from time to time, give to
the Ueneral Assembly information of the state of
the Commonwealth, and recommended to their
consideration such measures as ha may fudge ex
pedient-
8sc. 12. He may, no extraordinary esoastons.
convene tbe Ueneral Assembly, and h ease of
disagreement between tho two houses, with re
spect to tbe time of adjournment, adjourn them
to suoh time as he shall think proper, not ex
ceeding four months, lie shall have tower to
convene tbe Ben ate in extraordinary aewioos, by
Kroclamstton, for tho transaction ol executive
usiness.
Hac. lit. In ease of tbe death, conviction or im
peachment, failure to qualify, resignation, or
other disability of tbe Uovernor, the powers, du
ties, and emoluments of the offloe fur the remain
der of the term, or nutll tbe disability here
moved shall devolve upon the Lieutenant Gover
nor.
Bao 14. In ease of a vacancy In the office of
Lieutenant Uovernor, or when the Lieutenant
Uovernor shall be Impeached by tbe liouee of
Representatives, or shall be unable to exercise
the duties or his oCloe, the powers, duties, and
emoluments thereof for the reminder of tbe term.
or until the disabilities be removed, sball devolvs
upon the President pro yauronn of Ibe Heoate:
and the President pro tempore of tie Henale
shall in like manner become Uovernor 'f a vacan
cy or disability shall occur tntbeoflceof Uov
ernor; hu seat as henator snail boeeuie vacant
whenever be sball become (iovernor. and shall
be filled by election as any other vacancy in tbe
Senate,
Hao. 16. Every bill which shall bave passed
both houses shell be presented to the Uovernor;
If he approve, he shall sign It; but if he sball not
approve, be sball return It with his objections to
the house In which it shall bave originatel,whfeb
bouse sball enter tbe objections at large
upon their Journal, and proceeded to reconsider
It. If, after suoh reconsideration, two thirds of
all the members elected to that bouse shall agree
to pass the bill, It sball be sent with the objec
tions to tbe otber house, by which, likewise, it
shall be reconsidered, and If approved by two
thirds of all the members elected to that bouse.
It sball be a law; but in such eases tbe votes of
both hoases shall be determined by yeas and
nays, and the names of the members voting fur
sod against tbe blllahall be entered on the Jour
nals of each bouse respectively. Jf any bill
sball not be returned by tbe Uovernor within ten
days after It shall bare been presented to bltn.
ue same an an be a law in like manner aa ii he
had signed it, unless tbe Ueneral Assembly, by
their adjournment, prevent Its return, In wbirh
cae It ah all be a law unless be sball die the same
with his objections. In the office of the Secretary
of the Commonwealth, and give notioe thereof ly
public proclamation within thirty days after
such adjournment.
ac. Id. Tbe Uovernor shall have nower to
dlsappprove of any Item or Items of any bill
n.aaing appropriations ol money, embracing dis
tinct Items, and the part or parts of the bill ap
proved shall be the law and ibe item er items of
appropriation disapproved shell be void, nolens
repassed according to tbe rules and limitations
prescribed for tbe passage of othor bills ovsr tbe
executive vt to.
Hro. 17. Tbe Chief Justice of the Bonreme
Court shall preside upon tbe trial of any contest
ed election of Uovernor or Lieutenant Uoverncr,
and rball decide questions regarding tbe admis
sibility of evldenoe, and shall, upon request of
us eurouiiuee, pronounce ois opinion upon oin
er questions of law involved In the trial. The
Uovernor end Lieutenant Uovernor shall oxer,
oiee the duties of their respective offices until
their successors shall beduty qualified.
Han. 18. The heeretarv of the Commonwealth
shall keep a record of all official acts and pro
ceedings of tho Uovernor, and when required lay
the same, with all papers, minutes and vouchers
relating thereto, before either branoh of tho
ueneral Assembly, and perform suoh other du
ties as may be enjoined upon him by law.
Hac. 19. The Secretary or Internal Affairs shall
exercise all tho powers and perfom all tbe du
ties or the Surveyor Ueneral, subject to such
changes as shall be made by law. II is depart-
ment suau eraoraoe a bureau ol industrial sta
tistics, and he shall discbarge sunh duties relat
ing toeorporetlons, to the eharitsble Institutions.
the agricultural, manufacturing, mining, miner,
al, timber and oiber material or business Inter
ests of the Htate as may bo prescribed by law. lie
shall annually, and at sucn other times as may
be required by law, make report to the Ueneral
Assembly.
Hao 20, The Superintendent of Pohlle Instruc
tion shall exercise all the powers and perform all
tha duties ef tbe Superintendent of Common
Hebools, subject to sucb changes as sbsll be made
by law.
Hie 21. Tho term of the Secretary of Inter
nal Affairs sball be four years, of ihe Auditor
UcneMl, tbree year, and nf tbe State Treasurer
two years, i hee omcers eball bechoeea by the
Jo elided electors of the Htate at general elections,
o person elected to the office of AuditorUener
al or Hlale Treasurer sball be capable of holding
the same offloe for two eoniMuilre terms.
Hau. . The present ureat Heal or t'enusylra
nla shall bo the teal of tbe Htate.
Ail commissions shall be In the name and by
authority of Ihs Commonwealth of Pennsylvania,
and be sealed with the Btate seal and signed by
tbe Uovernor.
ARTTCLR V.
run lumcunr.
Bnrvinw I. The Judicial power or this Common
wealth shall be vested in the 8 u pre tne oourt, In
eourts of common pleas, courts of oyer and termi
ner and general Jail delivery, eourts er oosrter
sessions of the peace, orphans' eourts. magistrates
oourts, and In suoh other oourts ss the Ueneral As
sembly may from time to time establish.
Hao 3. TbeHupreme oourt shall coniisl of nsven
Jndgea.who sbsll be elected by the qualified elect-
on in ma mats mi iarga. ineysusnno d tneir
offices for the term of twenty one years. If they
so lung behave tbemvelvee well, but sball not be
again eligible. Tbe judge whose eomnilnsion
snau nrsi expire snail be obier justice, snd l lie re
st ter each Judge whose eomtuitiiion shall first ex
pire shall In tarn be chief justloe. '
Hro. 1. The Jurisdiction ol tbe Supreme Court
shall extend over theHiato, and the judges there
of shall, by virtue of their offices, be Justices of
oyer anu terminer ana general jail uoitvery in
tne several oounties; tney snail nave original ju
ried lotion In cases of Injunction, and where a cor
poration fs a party defendant, of habeas corpus,
of ussnsMrrs to courts of inferior jurisdiction; and
of gee WAftnanrn as to all officers of theCommon
wealth whose jnrisdtetion extends over the Htate,
but sball not exercise any other original Jurie
dietion; tbey shall have appellate jurisdiction by
appeal, canrioaaai or writ et error In all eases,as
Is new ny may hereafter be provided by law.
Hac. 4. Until otherwise directed by law, the
eourts of common pleas sball eon'inue as al pres
ent established, except as herein changed: not
o.o re Iban four eooolieo shall, at any time, be In
eluded in one judicial district organised for aaid
soar to
8ao I. Whenever a aounty shall con tela forty
thousand Inhabitants It shall oenstltule a sepa
rate jodtotel diatrlet.aod shall elect onejedge
learned In tbe law; and tbe Ueneral Assembly
sball provide fr additional Judges, as the busi
ness of tbe said diitrleta may require. Coon ties
containing a population less than Is suflMeot to
eofimltttte separate d Mrinte sba II be formed Into
Johyon4ehl lnff. dlslreli; dr" VT leetti
nutiglou. districts lb
eesiMty; easy
eUsceral
EEP
NOT MEN.
Assembly nay provide. Tho offloe of associate
Judge, not learned In tho law, ts abolished In
oounties forming separate distriots; but tbe sever
al associate Judges in offloe when this constitution
shall be adopted ahall serve for their unexpired
terms.
Bao. 6. In thetfonntles of Philadelphia and Al
eg deny, all tho Jurisdiction and powers now
vested in Ibe District courts and oourts nf common
pleas, vtibjeot to suoh changes as may be made by
lb is constitution er by law, shall be In Philadel
phia vested In four, and in Allegheny in two dls-
tinct snd separata oourts of equal and Co-ordinate
jurlidfotlon, composed of three Judges each; the
aid oourts In Philadelphia shall bo designated
respectively as the Court ol Common Pleas num
ber one, number two, number three and number
four, and In Allegheny as the Court of Common
Pleas number one and number two, but tbe num
ber of said courts may be by law Increased, from
time to tl ma, and shall be In Ilka manner desig.
anted by successive numbers; the number of jud
ges in any of said oourts, or In any eounty where
the establlibmeut ot an additional court may be
authorised by law, may be increased from time
to time; and whenever such Increase shall amount
iu the whole to three, luch three judges shall oom
pose a distinct and separate court as aforesaid,
which shall be now bury J as aforesaid. In Phil
adelphia all suits eball be luelliuted In the oafd
Courts of Uuminon Pleas, without designating the
nam bar of said court, and the several oourts she' I
distribute and apportion the busloess among them
lo such manner as shall be provided by rules ot
court, and such court to which any suit shall be
thus assigned shall bave exclusive Jurisdiction
thereof, subject to ehange ef venue, as shall lie
Erovided by law. In Allegheny each court shall
ae exclusive jurisdiction of all proceedings at
law and in equity commenced therein, subiect to
change o venue as may be provided by law.
oau. i ror rnuaaeinnia mere snau beonei'ro
thonotary's office, and one Protbonotary for all
said eeurta, to be appointed by tbe judges of said
courts, and to bold oinie tor three years subject
to removal by a maioritv of the said judxes; tre
saia rromonotary snau appoint suon assistants as
may no necessary and authorised by said oourts.
and he and bis assistanU shall receive fixed sala
ries, to be determiood by law and paid by said
county, sll fees collected in said office, oxoept
suoh as may be by law due totboUomtuonwealth
shall be paid by the Protbonotary into tho coun
ty treasury. Kaon court sball bave its separate
dockets, exoept the judgment docket, which shall
Contain the judgments and liens of all said oourts.
as Is or mar be directed by law.
bbo. a me said uourta in tbeeoontlesor rnil
edelpbia and Allegheny respectively shall, from
time to time. In turn, detail one or more of their
judges to hold tbe oourts of Uyer and Terminer.
and tne courts ot quarter besslona or the Peace
or said eon at lee In suoh manner as may be direc
ted by law.
Hao. 9. Judges of the courts or Common Pleas
learned In tho Law shall be judges of the courts
of Uyer and Terminer, Quarter Seiiions of tbe
reaee and ueneral Jail Delivery, and or tbe or
phans' court, and wilbin thai; respective dis
tricts shall be Justices of the peace as to orlminal
matters
nao. 10 Tbe Judiresof the courts of Common
Pleas, within their respective counties, shall have
power to issue writs of cartnohAKi to justices of
turn par. oo anu etner interior oourts notoi record,
and to causa their proceeding to be brought be
fore them and right and justice to be done.
Ken 11. Kxcept as otherwise provided In this
Constitution, justices of the peace or aldermen
sball be elected in the several wards, districts.
boroughs and townships at the time of the elec
tlon of constables, bv the Qualified electors tbero-
of. In such manner as shall be directed by law.
and sball be eommitftfoned by the Uovernor for a
term of five years. No township, ward, dlnrlot
or borough sball elect more than two justices o
the peace or aldermen without the consent of a
majority of tho qualified electors within such
townnhip, ward or borough ; no person shall bs
elected to suoh office unless he shall have resided
Ithln the township, boroueb.ward or district for
one year next preceding his election- In cities
containing over fifty thousand inhabitants, not
more than one alderman shall be elected in each
ward or district.
Hso. 13. In Philadelphia there shall be estab
lished, for each thirty thousand inhabitants, one
court not of reoojd.of police and elvll oauces with
juriedietion not exceeding ene hundred dollars ;
sucb courts shall beheld by magistrates whose
term or omee snail be nve years, and they suau
be elected on general ticket by the q nail (fed vo
ters at large ; and In tho election of the said
magistrate no voter shall vole for more than two-
thirds of tbe number of persons to be elected,
wubh more man one are to oe enoeen; they shall
be eompenatad onlv bv fixed salaries, to be naid
by said eounty; and shall exercise such juriedie
tion, eivil and criminal, except m herein provid.
d. as is now exercised by aldermen, subject to
su-h changes, not involvlnr an Increase of civil
jurisdiction or conferring political duties, as may
be made bylaw. In Philadelphia tbe office of
alderman Is abolished.
Hao. IJI. All lees, fines and penalties In said
courts shall be paid Into the county treasury.
nao. is. jo ail eases or summary conviction in
this Commonwealth, or of judgment In suit for a
penany centre a magistrate, or court not oi rec
ord, either party may appeal to suoh court of rec
ord as may be prescribed by lew, upon allowance
of tho appellate oourt or judge thereof, upon
cause shown.
Hao 15. All Jndges required to be learned In
the Law, except the jndges of tha Supreme court,
shall bo elected by tbe qualified electors of the
respective distriots over which they are to pre
side, and sball hold their offices for the period of
ten years, if tbey shall so long behave themselves
well ; but for any reasonable cause, whlnh shall
ot be sufficient ground for Impeachment the Gov
ernor may remove any of them on theaddroes of
two-tblrds of each boue of the Uen'l Assembly.
Hun Id. Whenever two jodgos of Ihe Supreme
uouri are) to oecooern tor me same term oi ser
vice, eaob voter shall vote for ooo only. and when
three are to be chosen he shall vote for no more
than two; candidatea highest in vote shall be de
clared elected.
Hao. 17- Hhould any two or more judges of the
Hupreme Court, or any two or more judgee of the
Court of Common Pleas for the same district by
elect od at tbe same time, they shall .as soon after
the election as convenient, east lots for priority
of commission, and certify the result to the Gov
ernor, wbo shall Istue their commissions in ae
cordance therewith.
Hac. IS Tbe judges of Ihe Pupreme Court and
the judges of tbe several Courts of Common Pleas,
and all other judges required to be learned In the
law, shells at statod times, reoeive for their servl
eesan adequate compensation, which lhall be
fixed by law, and paid by the Htate. They sball
receive no other compensation, fees, or perquis
ites of office for their services from any source. nor
hold any other office of profit under tho United
Btates, this Htate. or any other Htate.
Bko. 10. The judges of theSupremeCourt dnr
Ing their continuance In office .shall reside within
this Commonwealth ; and tbe other Judges.durlng
their continuance In office. shall reside within the
dMrtrta for which they shall be respectively
elected.
Hac. 30. Tbe several Courts of Common Pleas,
besides the powers herein conferred. shall have and
exereiee wifhln their respective dlitriots. subject
to such changes as may be made by law.obanoery
powers as are now veiled ny law in me several
Courts of Common Pleas of this Common we.ilth. or
as msy hereafter be conferred upon them by law.
Hac. 31. No duties ahall be imposed by law up
on the Hupronte Court or any of the Judges I here
of, except such as are judicial, nr shall un? ,
the judges thereof exercise snv :..rr of appoint
ment, exoept as herein provided. The Court of
Nisi Piles Is hereby abolished, and no oourt of
Original juri'dfctl-.n, to be prieidd "r by any
one er more of the judges gf the Huprome Court
sball be established.
Hro. S3. It every county whereto the norm ta
ttoo shall exceed one hundred and fifty thousand
the Uen'l Asnembly shall.and In any other eounty
may. estaniisn a separate urpnans uourt, to oon
sit of one or more judges who hsll be learned in
the law, which court shall exercise all the juris
diction and powers now vested fo, or which may
heroafter be conferred upon, the Orphans' Courts,
end thereupon the jurisdiction nf the Judges of
ine iurtof uom n no rieas wnuinenou nounty.in
urpnans Court proceedings. snau cease and deter
mine : In anv count v in which aeparate Orphans'
Oouft shall be eitabltshed the Uogliter of Wills
shall be clerk of such Court, and subject to Its di
rection lo all matters pertaining to his office; he
may appoint assistant clerks, but only with the
consent anil approval of said oourt. All accounts
filed with him as reimtor or an clerk of the said
separate Orphans' Court shall he audited by the
yjourt without expense to parties.eieepi wuera an
parties In Inlerrnt in a pending proceeding shall
nominate an auditor whom the oourt may, fn Its
discretion, appoint, in every eonnty urpnans'
Courts shall potest all Ibe powers and jurisdic
tion of a lteglotcr's Court. and separate Register's
courts sro hereby aoonimeoj.
Hao. 3J. The stvle of all pronou shall be "The
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania." All prorecn
flops shall be carried on In the name and by the
authority of tbe Comrsonwtaltb or Pennsylva
nia, and oonolude against tho peace and dignity
of the same
Hue, 34. fn all eases nf fe: onions homicide,
and In such otber criminal eases as msy be pro
vided for by law. the accused, after conviction
and sentence, may remove the Indictment, re.
cord, and all prooedlngs to tbe Supreme Court
for review.
or 34. Any vacancy happening by death, re
signation, or otherwise, tn any court of record,
shall be filled hy appointment by the Uovernot,
tn continue till the first Monday nf January next
sueeedlnr the flnrt general election, which shall
occur three or more aiontbe after the happening
oi sucn vacancy.
Hro. 26. All laws relating tn eourts shall bo
general and ef uniform operation, and the or
ganisatlon. Jurisdiction and powers of all courts
of tha same olaaa or grade, so tar as regulated by
saw; end the lore end no1 rdihj tuwjjujd
judgments of such oourts shall be uniform , and
1873,
NEW
tbe Ueneral Assembly Is hereby prohibited from
creating other oourts to exercise the powers vest
ed hy this constitution In the Judges of the
Courts of Common Pleas and Orphans' Courts.
Hao. 37. The praties, by agreement filed, may,
fn any civil case, dispense with trial by jury, and
submit the decision of such ease to the oourts
having jurisdiction thereof, and suoh oourt
shall near and determine tbe lame; and the
judgement thereon shall bo suujoot to writ of er
ror as in other oasea.
' ARTICLE V.
IKPRACnU BUT AND REMOVAL FROM OTriCR.
Brctio. 1. Tha House of Representatives
shall have the sole power of Impeachment
Han, 3. All Impeachment shall be tried by
the Senate; when silting for that purpose, the
Hen a tors shall bo upon oath or affirmation; no
person shall be eonvieted without the oorour
renoe of two-thirds of the members present
Hao. ft. Tbe Uovernor and all other oM I offi
ce re shall bs liable lo Impeachment for any mis
demeanor Inoffioe, but judgment In such cases
shall not extend further than lo removal from
offloe and disqualification lo hold any office of
trust or profit under this Commonwealth ; the
person accused, whether con rioted or aoquiited,
shall nevertheless bailable to Indictment, trial.
judgment and punishment aeewrsiwg toiaw.
bmo. 4. All onioers shall hold their othoes on
the condition that they behave themsefvee well
while in office, and sball be removed on eon lo
tion of misbehavior in office or of anv infamous
crime.
Appointed officers other than Judges of the
courts or reooru ana tne ounenaienueiit oi run-
lie 1 nit ructtoo, may be removed at tbe pleasure
of tbe power by wbiob tbey shall have beeu ap
no in tod. AU officers elected by the people, ex
oept Uovernor, Lieutenant Uovernor. members of
the ueneral Asseuoiy, ana judges oi tne courts
of record, learned in tne taw, anan ue removed
by the Uovernor for reasonable eause after due
noiios snj iuii nearicg, ou tue aa ureas oi i wo
rn tr as oi me renate.
ARTICLE VII.
oath or orrica.
Srctiox 1. Senators and Representatives and
all judicial, Btate and county n)'ters, shall, be
fore entering on the duties of their respective of
fices, take aud subscribe tbe following oath or nf-
anneuon i
'I do solemnly swear for affirm) that Twill sup
port, oboy and difrnd the Constitution of the
United Btates and the Constitution of this Com-
tnonwtinllh, and that I will discbarge the duties ef
my office with fidelity that I have not paid or
eontnhated, or promised to pay or contribute,
either directly or indireotly, any money or other
valuable thing, to procure my nomination or elec
tion, (or appointment,) exoept for neeercary and
proper expenses expresny authorised ny law
that I have not knowingly violated any election
law of this Commonwealth, or procured it to be
done by othors in my behalf; that I will not
knowingly receive, directly or indirectly, any
money or otbor valuable thing for the performance
or nou performance of any act or duty pertaining
to my ottioe, other than mo compensation allowed
by law."
Tbe foregoing oath shall be adrainliteredghy
some person authorised to administer oaths, and
in the caae of State officer and Judgoa of the Hu
prerae Court, ahall be filed In tbe ofboe of the Sec
retary or the Commonwealth, and in the case oi
other judicial and ounty officers, in the office of
tbe Protbonotary of the eounty In which the same
Is taken ; any perron refusing to take aaid oath or
affirmation shall forfeit his oitice, aud any person
who shall be convicted of having sworn or affirm
ed false lyt or of having vlolntod said oath or af
firmation, shall be guilty ef perjury, and be for.
ever disqualified from holding any offioe of trust
or profit within this Commonwealth.
The oath to the members of the Renate and
Ilutise of Representatives shall be administered
by one of the judges of the Supreme Court or of
a uouri oi Common 1'icoa, learned in the law,
the hall of the house to which the members s'mll
be electou.
ARTICLE VIIL
anrrnAua an ri.rctionr.
Paction 1. Kvery maleollisen, twenty-one years
of age, possessing the following qualifications.
snau oe entitled to rote at an elections:
Kirst. He shall hare been a cltisen of the tin
ted States at least one month.
Second, lie shall have resided In the Btate one
year (or if, having previously been a qualified
elector or native btrn citiien of the State, be shall
have removed therefrom and returned, then six
month) Immediately preceding Ibe election,
Third. He shall hare resided In the election
district whre he shall offer to vote at least two
months immediately preceding the election.
Fourth. If twenty-two years of age or upwards,
ho sball have paid within two years a State or
county tax. which shall have been assessed at
least two months and paid at least one month be
fore the election
Hao. 3. The general election shall be held annu
ally on the Tuesday next following the first Mon
day of November, but tbe General Assembly may
by law fix a different day, two-tblrds of alt the
members of each house consenting thereto.
Sac.fi. All elections for city, ward, borough,
and towoxliip officers, for regular terms of ser
vice, shall be held on the third Tuesday of Feb
ruary,
Hro. 4. All elections by the cittsens sball be by
ballot. Kvery biillot voted thai! be numbered ia
the order in which it shall be received, and the
number recorded by tho election officers on tbe
list ol voters, opposite the name of the elector
who presents the bultot. Any e lee tor may write
his nair upon bis ticket, or cause the same to be
written thereon and attested by a eitiien of the
dhtrict. The election officora sball be sworn or
affirmed not to ditclnse bow any eloctortlio.il bare
voted unless required to do so as witnesses in a
judicial proceeding.
hao. o. Electors shall io all oases except treason,
felony, and broach or surety of the peace, be
privileged from arre.it during their attendance on
elections and in going to and returning therefrom.
8 re. 6. Whenever any of the qualified electors
of this Commonwealth shall bo iu actnal military
per riff, on lr a requisition from tho President of
the United States or hy the authority of this Com
monwealth, such el oo tors may exorcise tbe right
or suflrngc In all elections by the citiieos, under
such regulations as are or shall be prescribed by
law, as fully as if thoy were present at their usu
al Places of election.
Hro. 7. All laws regulatiog the holding of elec
tions by the citisens or for the rcgiHtration of
electors shall be uniform throughout the State,
but no eloctor sball be deprived of the privilege
of voting by reason of bis name not being regis
tered. San. 8. Aiiy person wbo shall give, or promirn
or offer to give to an elector, any money, reward
or otber valuable consideration for his vote at an
election or for withholding tho en me, or who shall
give or promise to giro such consideration to aoy
other person or party for such elector's vote, or
for the withholding thereof, and any eloctor who
shnll receive or ntfreo to receive, for himself or for
another, any money, reward or other valuable
consideration for bis vote at an election, or for
withholding tbo same, shnll thereby forfeit tbe
right tn rote at suoh election, nod any elector
Whose rigtit to vote shall he rhaiionfMl ror sue h
eitue be lure the election officers shall bo required
to swear or affirm that the matter of thoehailocgo
Hro, 9. Any person who shall, while a candidate
or ouice, ne guilty o: cnocrr. ------ "f--
violation of any election law, shall be forever dis
qualified from holding an offioe of trust er profit
in Ibis Conimonweallh and any person convicted
of willful violation of the election laws, shall, In
addition to any pens Mrs provide! ba de
prirrd of the'rigbtof auftioge absolutely for Z
term of four years.
Hro. 10. In trials of contested elections, and in
proceedings for the Investigation ef eleetfnns, no
person shall be pormittod to withhold hlstestiroo
ny upon the ground that It mav criminate himself
or suoject ntio to public Infamy I but such testi
mony shall not arterwards be ucd against him in
any judicial proceeding, exoept for perjury In
giving ruck testimony.
HrivII, Townships and wards of cities or br.r
oughs shall form or be divided Into elect ion dis
tricts of compact and contiguous territory, in
such manner as Ihe Court ef Quarter Kensiom of
the city or eonnty tn which the tame are located
may direct but dUlrieie In cities of over one
hundred thousand Inhabitants shall b? divided
by the Couts of Quarter Sessions having juris-,
diction therein whenever at the pest preceding
triruttiiu uiurw men two nunureu ana nny v n
shall bare been polled therein i and otber He
tion districts whenever the court of the unnu
eonnty shell be of opiuli n that tbe convenience
of the electors and the public interests will be
promoted tberehy.
rRO. i. aii eteottons by persons in a reprsent-
attve eapaelty shall be viva voe
Sm, 1.1. KoF the purpose of voting, no person
sbsll be deemed to have gained a residence bv
rrarTin of his presence, or lost it by reason of his
absence while employed in the servioe, either eiv
il or military, of this State or of the t'nited States,
nor while engaged in the navigation of ihe waters
of the Htate or nf the United Htater, or on the
high seas, nor while a stndent of any Institution
of learning, nor while kept In any poor heue or
other i'tIuu at public, t iper.se, nor wbUooonft&cd
Id nuhlie prison.
Arc. 14, IHstrlet election boards shall consist
of a Judge and two Inspectors, who shall be chos
en annually by the eltiiens. Kaeh elector shall
hive the right to vote for the Jndgo and one in
spector, snd eah Inspector shnll appoint one
fllerk. HoVlreityi borfl for f ti pew
trial sUil be selected, and vacam'lt's' in1 'cle
0"
deetttfn
mm.
TEEMS $2 por annum in Advance.
SERIES - VOL. 14, NO. 47.
boards filled as shall be provided by law. Elec.
tlon officers sball be privileged from arrest upon
days of election and while engaged in making up
and transmitting returns, except upon warranto
a court of record or judge thereof fur at) eloc
tion fraud, for felony, or for wanton broach
the peaoe. In elties they may claim excmptloi
from Jury duty during their terms of service. -
Sue. 13. No person shall be qualified to servo
as an election officer who sball huld, or ahall within
two months bare held any office, appointment, or
employment in or under the Uovemment -of the'
United ri tales, or of this Htate, or of any oily or
eountv, or of any municipal board, commission
or trust In any elty, save only justices of th
peace and aldermen, notaries public, and parsons
in tbe militia service of tbe State nor shall any
election officer be eligible to any civil office to be
filled at an elcotion nt which be lhall serve, sare
only to such subordinate municipal or local offices
bcuw tne grane oi city or county oincee as sua!
be dosigna'ed by general law.
Bee, 10, The Cotirta of Common Pleas of tbo
seroral counties of the Commonwealth ahall have
power within their respective Jurisdictions to up
point overseers of election to supervise the pro
oeedioga of election officers, and to make report
to the court as may be required auob Appoint
ments to be made for any district in a city er
county, upon petition or nve ettisens, lawful voc-
ers of soe.h
eleetion district, setting forth that
suoh appointment Is a reasonable precaution
to secure ine purity and latrness oi elections;
overseers shall be two in number fir an election
district, shall bo residents therein, and shall he
persons qualified to serve upon election boards,
and in oacn ease members of ditlcreot politics
partiee t whenever tbe members of an election
board shall diffnr In opinion, the overseers, If they
shall be agreed thereon, sball decide tbe qnestioi
of diflereaoei ib appointing orersoers of election,
all tbe law judgee of tbe proper oourt, able to act
at tne time, suau oooour tn Ihe appointments
maue,
oao. 17. The trial and determination of con
tested elections of electors of President and Vice
President, members of the General Assembly.and
of all public officers, whether State, judicial, mo
nicipal, or local, shall be by the oourts of law, or
by one or mure or the law Judgee thereof : the
Ueneral Assembly sball, hy general Taw, designate
the conrts and Judges hy whom the several class
es of election oon tests shall be tried, and regulate
tbe man nor of trial and all matters Incident
thereto ; but no sucb law assigning jurisdiction.
or regulating its exercise, shall apply to any con
test arising out of an election held before its
passage.
ARTICLE IX.
TAX AT10SJ AUD PI I ARCH.
Prctiow 1. All tax oe shall bn uniform upon the
same class of subjects within tho territorial limits
of theautbority levying thetax, and shall be levied
and collected under gcnoral laws; but the General
Assembly may, ny general laws, exempt from tax
at ion public property used far public purposes.
actual places of religions worship, places of burial
not UHcd or noid for private or corporate proot,
lOKiiiuuuni ui parwj nuuiio ounruy.
Sic. 3. All laws exempting property from tax
ation, other than lb pruporty above enumerated
snau uo votri,
1 Sac. 3. The power to tax eorrtoratlonsand cor
porate property shall not be surrendered or ens
ponded by any eontraot or grant to which the
btate snau be a party.
Fee. i. No debt shall be created by or on no-
half or the Htate, except to supply casual dofl.
oiencies of revenue, repel invasion, suppress in
surrection, defend the State in war, or to pny ex.
toting debt, and the dent created to supply defi-
oiencies in revenue ihall never e.tored in the ag
gregate at any onetime one million or dollars.
Sao. 5. All laws authorising the borrowing nf
money by and on hf halt of the State sball specify
the purpose tor wnicn trie money ts to be nsed,
and tbe money so borrowed shall be usod for the
purpose spec I tied and no other.
hao. n. The credit or the Commonwealth shall
not be pledged or loaned to any individual, com
pany, corporation, or association, nor eball the
tommonweaith beoroe a joint owner or at oca
holder in any company, association, or corpora
tion.
Sco. T. The Ueneral Assembly shall not au
thorise any county, city, borough, township or
incorporated district to become a stops holder in
anv company, association or corporation, or to
obtain or appropriate money for or to loan Its
credit to any corporation, association, institution
or individual.
Hrr. 8, The debt of any oountv, eltv, borough
township, echool dint riot, or other mnnieipality,
or incorporated district, exoept as herein provided,
shnll never exceed seven per centum upon tbe us
sessed vain of the taxable property therein, nor
shall nny sdeh municipality or district tnrurany
new debt, or increase its indebtedness to so amount
exceeding two per eentam upon suoh assessed vel
nation of property without the assent nf the elect
ors thereof, at a public election, in such manner as
shall be provided by law, but any eity, the debt of
which now exreeds seven per centum or auen as
sessed valuation, may be authorised hy law to in
crease the same three per rentnm in the aggregate
at any one time upon sn-'b valuation.
Src, v. 'ihe Commonwealth shall not assume
tbe debt, or any part thereof, of any city, county,
borough or town chip, unless such debt shall have
been contracted to enable the btnte to repel inva
sion, suppress domestic insurrection, detead Itself
in time of war. or to aseist the mate in tbe die-
chnrge of any portion of id present indebtedness.
bec. iu. Any county, township, sonool district,
or other municipality incurring any indebtedness,
shall, at or before the time of so doing, provide
for the collection of an annual tax sulfioient to pay
the interest snd also tbe principal thereof within
thirty years.
hrc. It. To provide for the payment of the
prtnent State debt and any additional debt con-
traced as atoresaiu, tne uenerni Aemniy snau
eontione and maintain the sinking fund sufficient
to pay tho accruing interest on such debt, and
annually to reduce the principal thereof by aettm
not lee than two hundred and fifty thousand do,
larsi the said sinking fund fihall eonslit of the
proceeds of tne sales or tbe puh'te works or any
part thereof, and or tbo income or proceed or the
sale or any stocks owned by tbe Commonwealth,
together with other funds and resources that may
be designated by law, and shall be liioreosed from
time to lime by aligning tn It any part of tha
taxes or other revenues of the Htate not required
lor tne ordinary ana current expenses oi govern
ment t and unless in ana of war, Invasion, or in
surreotion, no part of the said sinking fund sball
bo used or applied otherwise than in the extin
guishment ot the public debt.
Ago. 12. ibe moneys or the state, over and
above the nocexsary reserve, shall be used in the
payment of the debt of Ihe State, either directly
or through the sinking fund, and the moneys of
the sinking land shall never be lnvoited in or
oaned upon the security of anything except the
bonds of the Doited States or of this Slate.
Bsc. 13. The moneys hold as necessary reserve
shall bo limited by law to the amount required
for current expenses, aud shall bo secured and
kept as may be provided by law. Monthly state
ments shall be published abowing the amount of
uch moneys, where the same are deposited, and
bow soon red.
Sao. 14. Tbo making of profit out of (he puh
Hc moneys, or ning the same for any purpose n0
authorised by low, by any officer of the tlrneral
Assembly, shall be a mUdmneanor, and shall be
punlslied as may be provided by law, but part of
such punishment shall be a disqualification to
hold office for a period of not less than five years,
ARTfCLE X.
UOCCATIOV.
fitCTIon t. The General Assembly shall pro
vide lor maintenance and lunport of a trior.
l -fliI .ffioi.n. "tein oi puntic sroooiswaere-
r " " - ..." - rrM
tn all the children of this
tinujonwealth, al'ove
the age of six years, may be odaca ,,,B"
appropriate at least one million dollars eaca 7
lor that purpose.
Fr.n. 3, No money raised for the support of Ihe
public schools of the Commonwealth shall be ap-
tmpnateti io or uvea ior tne support qi aoy sro
ii Un school.
HR('$. Women twenty-one years of age and
upwards shall Ite eligible to any ofl joe of oontrol
or management under tbe school laws of this
btate.
ARTICLE XI,
BflMTlA.
Frctim 1. The freemen of this Commonwealth
shall be armed, organised and disciplined fur Its
defence when and in such a manner as may bo di
rected by law. The Ueneral Assembly shall pro
vide for maintaining Hie militia by appropriations
trnm tns iroesary oi tne uommonweritb, and may
exempt tram military service persons having eon
stiontloui scruples agains bearing arms.
ARTICLE XII.
IT KMC OKVU-rgS.
flrrtto I. ATI officers whose eel aril on Is not
provided for In this constitution shall be elected
or appointed as may oe directed by law.
Hrc. 3. No member of Congress from this State,
nor any person holding or exeroUing any office or
appointment oi trust or prom under me bolted
Htates, shall at the same time bold or exercise
any offi -e In this State to whieb n ralnry, fees, or
Jerquliitei shall be attached. The (ionoraJ As
sembly may by law declare what offices are in
oompntiHe. Par, .1. Any person who shall fight a dnel or
send a challenge for that purpose, or be alder or
abettor in firming a duel, shall be deprived of tha
'tl or holding any ome or boor or profit In
Mil Kfp.U. and tnnv be otkera is nualshsd asihttl
"prescribed by law.'
' ARTICLE XI1L
i - naw ooi RTiRS.
Pi mo a 1. No new county shall be established
which sbsll reduoe any eounty to less thaw fbu
hundred square miles, or to less than twenty
thousand Inhabitants ( nor shall any county be)
formed of less area, or containing a loss popula
tion, nor shall any line thereof pass within tea
miles of tbe eounty seal of any eounty proposed
to be divided. - i i
ARTICLE XIT,
coo wry omega.
RrcTfon I. County c fleers shall onnslst of ihfiiy
effs, ouroners, prolhonotarioe, registers of wills,
recorders of deeds, oom miss loners, lraasurers,sur4
veyors. auditors, or controllers, clerks of the)
oourts, dietriot attorneys, and sucb others as ma
from time to time be established by lawt and aa
sheriff or treasurer shall be eligible for tbe tend
noxt succeeding the one for which he nay be)
eleoted.
Hao. 3. County officers shall be olrotod at tha
general elections, and shall bold their offices fer
the term of throe years, beginning on the first
Monday of January next after their eloction, and
until their successors shall be duly qualified ( alt
vacancies not otherwise provided for shall be filled
in sucb manner as may ne provided by law.
Hro. ft. No person shall be appointed to anv
offioe within any county Who g hall not have been
a oilisen and an Inhabitant thoroin one ychr hex1!
before his appointment, If the county en el I have
boon so long sreoted, but If It shall not bave been
so long erected, then within the limits of the
county or oounlios out of which It lhall have been
taken. . - - - . r . t
Bra. 4. Prothonotarles. clerks of the oourts, re
corders ol deeds, register! of wills, eounty sur
veyors, and sheriffs shall keep their offioel in lQ"
oouoty town of the eounty in which they rospco
lively snau ne omcers.
. San. 6. The compensation of county officers.
shell be regulated by law, and all eounty officers
who are or may be aalariod sball pay all foes which
they may bs authorised to receive Into the troerfl
ii ry of the county or Htate, as may be directed by
Uw. In counties containing ovor ono hundred
snd fifty thousand inhabitants all county officers
shall be paid by salary, and the salary of any such
officer and bis clerks, horr toforc paid by fees, shall
not exceed the aggregate amount of fees earned
during his term and col Ice ted by or for him. -' '
Br.c. 6. Tbo General Anembly shall provide bt
law for the strict aooounubility ef a IT count,
township and borough officers, as well for Ihe fees
which may bs collected by them as for all public
or municipal moneys which may be paid to them.
Sao. 7. Three county ooumlssloners and three
county auditors shall bo elected In each county
where such officers are chosen, In the year one
thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, and
evcy third year thereafter and in tho election of
laid o doers each qualified elector shall rote for
no more then two persons, and the three persons
having the bigest narulcr of votes shall bo elec red;
aoy oasual vacancy in the offioe of county oom
mjsiloner or county auditor shall lie filled by tha
Court of Common Ploos of the county I o which
suoh vacancy shiill ocour, by tbe appointment of
an elector of the proper county who shall have
voted for the commissioner or auditor whose placet
is to be filled.
ARTICLE XV.
cinaa amp citt coabtbbs.
Bbctiou 1. Cities mfiy be chartered whenever a?
majority of the electors of any town or borough
naving a population or at least ten thousand shall
vote at any general etcction In favor of the same.
Hsn. 3. No debt shall be oontraeted or liabilitw
Incurred by any municipal commission, exoept in
pursuance of an appropriation previously mada
therefor by the municipal gorernmonL
Sac 8. Every city shall create a sinking fund,
which shall be Inviolably pledged for tho pay men i
of its funded debt. t
ARTICLE $VI.
y mvATi conroRATion a
PurmoR I. All dialing charters, or grintsT
of special or exclusive privileges, under which m
bona fide organisation sball ntt have tnken place
and buiincss been commenced In good faith al
the time of the adoption of this oonslttution, sball
thereafter hare no vnlidity.
Bar. 3. The Ueneral Assembly shall not remit
the forfeiture of the charter of any corporation
now existing, br alter or amend tbe same, or pass
any other gene ml or special law tor the benefit of
sueh corporation, oxc pt upon the condition thai
such corporation shall thereafter hold Its charter
subject to tbe provisions of this constitution.
hrc. 5. lue exercise or thertghtorerainentdo
main shall never be abridged or so construed aa
to prevont the General Assembly from taking tha
property and franchises of Incorporated companiee
and subjecting tbem to public use, the same ae
tne property oi individual ; and the exorcise or
the police power of the State shall never bo
abridged or so construed as lo permit corpora
tions to conduct their business in inch manner
as to infringe the equal rights of Individuals or
the general well being of the State,
ro. 4. In aU elections for directors or man
agsri of a corporation each memberorshareholder
may cast the whole number of bit votes for one
candidate, or distribute them upon two or more
candidates, as he may prefer.
Brc. a. No foreign corporation ha?l do any
burlnets In this State without having one or mora
known places of business,and an authorised agent
or agents in the same, upon whom process may bo
served. ,
Bko. 6. No corporation shall engage In anv
buslaesa other than that expressly authorised In
Its charter, nor shall It take or hold any real es
tate, except such ss mny be necessary and proper
for Its legitimate holiness.
hac 7. No corporation shaft Issue stocks or
bonds exoept for money, labor done, or money or,
property actually received ; and all fictitious In-
crease of stock or indebtedness shall be void i
the stock and indebtedness of corporations shall
not be Increased except In pursuance of general
aw, nor wit n out the consent of the persons bold
r.g the larger amount In value nf the soek first
obtained at a meeting to be held alter sixty days'
notice given in purpoanor ox law.
Sac. 8. Municipal nrd other corporations an t
Individuals Invested with the privilege of taking
private property for public use shall make Just
Compensation fur property taken, Injured or de
stroyed by the construction or enlargement of
their work, highways, or Improvements, which
oonpenne'ion shnll be paid or secured before such
taking, injury, or destruction. Tbe (teneral As
sembly is hereby prohibited from depriving any
person of an appeal from any preliminary assess
ment of dernngi'S against any such corporations
or individuals, suede by viewers or otherwise; and
the emonnt of such damages, in all esses of ap-
eal, shall, on the demand of either party, be de
termined by a jury according to the caurse of tbo
common law.
Skc. 9. Erery banking law shall provide for
the reriitry and eonntersignlnghy an officer of tha
State, of all notes or hills designed for circulation
ami that ample security to the full amount thereof
shall be doposltej with the Auditor Ueneral for
the redemption ef suoh notes or bills.
Pro. 10. The Ueneral A.smMy shall have (ha
ower to alter, revoke, or annul any charter of
n corporation now existing and revocable at the)
lop t ton of this constitution, or arjy that mav
hereafter be created, whenever in their Opinion It
may he fnjurinns to the oitiiens of tlis Common
wealth, in such manner, however, than no intns-'
lice shall he d"ne to the corporators. No law
hereafter enactel shall create, renew, or extend
the charter of more than one corporation, ' 1
Pre. II. No corporate body to possess banking
and discounting privilege sball be created or or
ganised In pursuance of any law without threo
months' previous public notice at the flam of tha
intended location, of the intention to annlv for
suoh privilrgoe, In such manner a shall be pre
scribed by law, nor shall a charter for such privi
lege oe gramea iur a longer period Wan twenty
years.
Sno. 13. Aoy association or corporation organ
ised for the purpose, or any individual, shall
have the right to construct and maintain lines of
telegraph within this 8 Ufa, end to oonnoet tha
same with other lines; an1 the (Jen era! Assembly
shall, by general law of uniform operation, pro.
ride reasonable regulations to give fall effect tt
this section. No telegraph company shall consol
idate with or held a controlling interval la ha
stock or bonds of any ether telegraph company
owning a competing line, or acquire, hy parrhasn
or otherwise, any other competing line of tele
sTrpl.
bar. l.i. Tue term "corporations ' ai used In
this article, rball be const? ued to include all joint
ock oompsnles or associations having any ef tho
owere or privilegceof eorporutiom not posseased
j individuals or partnerships.
ARTICLE XVN.
ai'.LROAni 40 CASALS?
I
psmoul. AH railroads and canals shall U
public highways, and all railroad and canal com-
antes mail bo common earners. Any ansocia
tion or corporation organised for the pnrposa
iball hare tho right to oon et met and operate a
Liroa'j between any points within this State and
uwt at tbe fttate line with railroads of other
k. railroad company shall hev tho
cross any other railroad, and ,. WW,T Jjj '
transport each the othor 's pa er angers, inoge,.
oars, loaded or empty, aiibout delay or discrimi
nation. Hec. 3. Every railroad and canal corporal Ion
organited In this 8tate shall maintain an offio
theroin.wbere transfers of Ite stork shall bainado,
and where its bonks shall be kept for Inspection
by any stockholder oy creditor of sneh corpora
tion, in which shall be recorded tho amount of
cnplul slock suSncribed or paid in, and by whom,
the names of th ownete of Its stock an tho
amounts owned by thu, respectively, the trans
fers of ssnI sio-k, aod the names and places of
rseidrneeor its officers. . - '
tiuo. I. All itwhvidtials, associations, and cor.
poratfons shall bare equal right to have persons
and property transported over railroads and canals
and oo undue or unreasonable discrimination
shall he made In charges for or in facilities for
transportation of freight or passengers within tho
State, or coming from or ing to any ether State,
Persons and property lmnnMod ovor anv rU.
road hill be delivered at any nation at ehargee
not exceeding the charge for , transportation of
persons and property of the sarre slase In tho
same direction to any more dlifant station but
excurrlon and commutation tickets may be issued
St special rales.
Utr, 4. No railroad, cana', or otlwr some rati on.
or the fences, purehaiics, or managers of any
railroad or eana)eoqinrailon,shatleonso)ldatethw
stork, property, or franchisee of suoh corporation
wilh, or lease or purohsse the works or franchisee
ICawfMefnal e Fttirtk Paft-l