;;,c tflfiut.rui ilr publican
Ti:tlMS 'F Hl'llft'HIPTloN.
in ii.l viil', or within llitva mon'lia,
Iff
00
J Ml
3 I'D
' mul V.. (..re n't inmitli'
t. p.iui n'tir the rpirll.'f m-nlh,
I! ATE1' 'il" ADVKKTtMXtl.
A liuiui.tr.ievr:
'mi'l Lxcvutur' nolk't s, each,
Aulilora' uotii-ee, rai-h,
(',,u,i,.ii, oii'l liMpiya, t'n. ttiuv-s, -lli...lliliim
ii'itkri". r.'li. II liniM,
Tran.inl adn-rllsenirnte., per qunr of 10
liiiMor leas, " '
f',tr eiu li aiilnii'qui'iit irin-rtion,
OTi .-i:J ailvrrlim-iiifiitu, forraoh Munreof 10
or li'", S time or Irss, -For
ciu'h subiM'tiioiit insertion,
rrufriii,ifcl c""1'. 1 y,iri
,.k.iiI n.'tiw. V" ''
oi.iiuary mitii','", over five lints, pur lino,
Ycailv slvcrtiimmtuli,, 1 square,
po - do
Iu - 11 lu
Po - J column,
Ho - 1 do
Do 1 do
A linn
3 ill
1 .'.II
2 00
1 to
60
I 50
Ml
6 00
15
10
s oo
12 00
JO Oil
25 110
411 00
7i 00
--The above rati'H npply only to adverli.c
nn'iiti et up plain. Aitvertin-nicnts srt In large
tvpe, or Willi cuts, or out of plain etyle, will be
charged double the above rate fur space
JOB WOUK.
fiingle quire.
(3 60 I Squires, perquire.f'l T&
J quires, per quire,
, 2 00 Over 0, do 1 ill
HAHimiM..
1 'nwl. 25 or Irsn, $1 60 14 sheet, 25 or less, t4 iO
J sheet. 2i or less, 3 60 1 sheet, 2 or lew,, S 00
Over 25 of each of alwive at proportionate rate.
UEO. II. UOUHLANDKH,
ii-litor and 1'ruprietor.
frofrsstoual Easiness -f art!;,
S. A. FULTON,
ATTORNEY AT LAW, Cnrwenrville, Pa.
Ofliee in Mcllrlde'a building, on Main it
.rJ-rrompt attention given to the scouring
and collection ot Claims, and to all legal bun
neat. novM,'66-ompd
WALTER BARRETT,
VTTORNEY AT LAW, ClaarBeld, Penn'a.
Offioe on Second afreet. Nor. SI, 1866.
WM.'a. WAM.ACI, W. D. BIULER,
J. BLAH WALTEK1, rHAKH. riEI.DINO.
WALLACE, BIGLER & FIELDING,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW, Clearfield, l-a.
Legal business of all kindi promptly and
aoeurately attended to. May IS, '66-ly.
THOS. J. McCULLOUGH,
VTTORNEY AT LAW. Office adjoining the
Hank, formerly occupied by J. B. McBually,
Kq., Market street, Clearfield, Pa. Will attend
promptly to Collections, Sale of Landa, Ac.
Pen. IT, 'M.
JOHN L. CUTTLE,
ATTORNEY AT LAW and REAL ESTATE
Agent, Clearfiold, ra. Office on Market
street, opposite the Jail. Respectfully offera his
a rvicei in telling and buying lands In Clearfield
and adjoining counties i and with an experience
of over twenty years as a Surveyor, flatters himself
that be can render satisfaction. Feb. '03 tf.
WM. M. McCULLOUGH,
VTTORNEY AT LAW. Clearfield, Penn'a.
Office on Market Street, one door east of the
'Clearfield County Bank." May 4, lBnt-tf.
JOHN H. ORVIS. C. T. AI.IXANDEK.
IORVISS&, ALEXANDER,
VTT0RNEY8 AT LAW,
Sept. Mth.IMIi.Jjt. BelleonKPa
"bR.7.iP". B U RC H F I E L D,
TATE Surgeon of the 83d Regiment, Penn'a
1 Volunteers, bavins returned from the Army,
offers his professional services to the oiticcas of
Clearfield and rioinlty. rroresstonal calls prompt
ly attended to. OflSoe on Second street, (lately
occupied by Dr. Woods.) April 4. lSoS.-tf.jg
' DENTISTRY.
J. t. CORNETT, Dinner, offers
his professional services to the citi
sons of Curwensville and vicinity.
OfBoe to Irng'Star,airMT Main and Thompson
straeu. . Curwensvillo, May 11, Mnii-ly pd
J. BLAKE W ALTERS"
SCRIVENiR AND CONVKYAKCER, and
Arent for the Purchase and Sale of Lands,
Clearfield, Pa. Prompt attention given to all
bu.inees connected with the eounty offices. Office
with Hon. Win. A. Wallace. Jan. 1, MOS-tf.
thuhas n. roiutK
A. A. tiKAH AM.
FORCEE & GRAHAM,
M 1 1. 1 1 1
General Merchandise and Lumber,
Janaj (;raliamtnn, Prun'a.
TOSEPfl II. BRETII, Justice of the Peace, and
Licensed Conveyancer, hew rarhington,
UearfiMd county, t'a.
l 1.1a vi.
JAMES C. BARRETT, Justice of the Peace
and Licensed Conveyancer, Lnthersburg,
Clearfield eonnty, Pa. CotleetioLs and remit
tancee promptly made, and .11 kinds of legal in
strument rxeoutued en short notice,
Lnthersburg. May 0th, Htlin-tf.
I. I. m-r.lt AT. SAMUEL ITl'll KI.L.
Mffllflmn-irrj & MfitsIhiilL
leaterl in Foreign and Domestic Merchandise,
Lumbor, drain, rf-e. New Washington,
Ortolier 25, Ifftj.-lj.pd. Clearfield Co., Pa.
: KltAfZKlT&'so":-
ME H C H A S 1 8, dealers In Dry Ooods
Clothing, Hardware, Cuttlery, Queeneware
Uroeeries, Shintrles, and Provisions. At liieold
stand on Front street above the Academy.
Clearfield, December 1:1th, lftlli-tf,
J. P. KRATZER,
Mr.IttllANT, and dea'.cr in Dry Ooods
Clothing, Hardware, Queensware, Groceries
Provisions, Ac.
Market street, opposite tbf Jail, Clearfield Pa
April JO Ih 184,
lkon"m. coutkikt,
MF.RCIIAMT, and dealer In Dry Ooods,
Ready-made Clothing, Groceries, Liquors,
Drugs and Medicines, Hats and Caps, B-iots and
Fhoes, Hardware, Tinware, Ac. Frenchville
Clearfield county, rV Msy t, 'Bo.
oiukiii r. WARni.i. cn.tttLH n. heed
WHOLESALE GliOCEUS.
Tobacco, Tea, Spices, &c, &c,
N. K. cor. lib A Market His.,
Feb. 14. lSdS-fim. PHILADELPHIA.
CYUENIt'S HOWE.
Justice or rue Peace.
For PicATrra Township,
1U promptly attend to all business entrusted to
kit ear, r. u. aourasa, t-niupsonrg ra.
Aug. list 1RM
THOMAS M CRISUAN,
Agent for the Fineer Sewing Machines.
Philip. hurg, Centre en., Penn'a.
Oct. 11th. IsnS.-tf.
JUST RECEIVED,
W. SMITH & CO.'S,
II.
A Fresb Lot or
TEAS AXI) CANNED FMJIT.
Also, a superior article of
GENT.'B TATEXT LEATHER BOOTS,
All sires and eifrrmely lew. fjc50
Every One
O llori.D dn his own KOLUKltlNU. So r to
O II. W. fvMITH A VdH, and bur an IltDN
and STOVEj thus saving many a trip to and from
tha tinner's! and articles thai, by being rrpairrd
I once, are mane new. ocf.l
IT X TH A FAMII.V H.nl R f,.r sale at
J II. W. SMITH A CO S
l)ure Liberty White l.rail, preferred by
Ja. an prsrtioai ratnters I I ry it : and von w
nave no other. Manufactured only by y.trflLKR
Bmivn, Wholesale Urn;, Paint Ula Dealers,
Ho, W North Third P'.. Pbila Murch JIM-ly
rpn iiiiTx;RAriii:its.-FiiR sale.
X I hnrefiir .ilr a Photograph t'AIt, in gm,d
oi ler, now at Warrior's Mnrk, 11 t i r .l .n co. It
will tr ..,M on rrn.nnilile trnns. A plv to Mr,
JVn lin, Warrir.r'i ?1 irk, or C. D, lVi'. .n, I'linr-
"id io.tnt-2r.il jos. im:tzi:u.
CANXP.I VnfTITef all kinds, at
MEftRKM. A PK)T.FRJ
l.lltWT (III l. li t OK N. ;h kept
j inr snir nv II, v) . S.M I ! II I 'I.
CLEARFIELD.- tllll RE P UBL1CAN.
GEO. B. GOODLANDER, Proprietor. PRINCIPLES-NOT MEN. ' TERMS-$2 prr annum, in Advance.
VOL. 38-WHOLE NO. 2001. CLEARFIELD, PA., THURSDAY. JAN. 10, 18C7. NEWSE1UES-V0L.7, N0.25.
From the Arc
The CotMtltullon the Suprrmr
I.tnc.
Tho loarlcss nsRortiou ami vindica
tion of tlio roptiblican doctrine, that
tho "Constitution is tlio sujircmo law
of tlio land, in peace and in war,"
contained in tho tibli) opinion of tho
Supremo Court in tho Indiana con
spiracy case, cannot bo too often or
too earnestly pressed upon tho atten
tion of the ico)lo. This is the first
docision touching the great funda
mental principles of our ;ovcrnment,
rendered by tho Kuprcmo Court of the
nation sinco tho war, and it comes
like a burst of sunlight to ecittter
tlio darkness which, rested upon the
country i It - sttMinho. the iiaerotl
ness of tho trial by jury, and declares
tlmt upon this ark oi constitutional
liberty, political lrenzy und partisan
prejudice must not lay thoir unnnaint
cd und sacreliious hands. All men,
not in the military gcrtico of tho na
tion, can claim to bo triod before their
peers in tho way pointed out by the
Constitution, and that claim or do
niitnd must be allowed. Men "clothed
with a little brief authority," can no
longer invade the dwellings of citizens
at midnight, drag them from their
families without process, warrant, or
authority, and Incarcerate them in a
dungeon. Judges will bo safe on the
ber.ch from the arms of military des
potism. The private papers of busi
ness men will not be tho property cf
spies or informers, nor will letters be
opened by thoso entrusted with the
postal service of tho country. The
decision of tlio Supremo Court estab
lishes tho rights of American citizens
upon a basis which nothing but a
revolution ran shako, and surrounds
them with tho majesty of law, which
must be obeyed so long as there is
power to enforce it. If tho Jladical
party oppose tho execution of laws
held to bo constitutional by tho tri
bunal of last resort, in an open and
aggressivo manner, they nro as much
traitors to tho true principles of the
government -as if they took up armn
and fired upon tho "old flag."
Tho infringement of tho Constitu
tion in tho case of Milligan was two
fold. First, ho was brought for trial
before n tribunal not ordained and
established by Congros; and second,
ho was denied a triul by jury. These
aro points rosting upon plain provis
ions of tho Constitution, and the Court
affirms that not only was tho commis
sion illegal, but that "no usage of war
could sanction a military trial in In
diana for any ofTenso whatever, of a
citizen in civil life, in no wise con
nected with tho military service."
This is a strong position. l!ut the
Court goes lurther, and ntlirms that
"Congress could grant no such power,"
and argues that thero was no necessi
ty for tho commission that tried ilil-
hgnn and others in Indiana, ana tlio
military courts aro neces ary for men
in tho military or naval sorvico, yet
to all others tho Constitution guaran
tees a trial by jury. "TJiis U a vitul
principle," says the Court : "it cannot
bo trampled upon on tho mero plea of
'military necessity.
J ho annexed portions oi tho opinion
of tho Court, delivered by Justice
Davis, arc of such commanding im
portance, that wo insert them, nof
withstanding tlieir length, i he lads
and arguments nro unanswerable.
Justico llavis snys:
"iho controlling question in this
ease is this upon the facts stated in
Milligan's petition and the exhibits
filed, had the military commission
mentioned in it jurisdiction legally to
try and scntencj thom ? Milligan, not
a resnlent of one of the rebelious States
or a prisoner of war, but a citizen of
Indiana for twenty yoar9 past, and
never in tho military or naval servieo,
is, whilo at his home, arrested by the
military power of tho United States,
and on certain criminal charges pre
ferred against him, tried and convict
ed, and sentenced to bo hanged by a
military commission organized under
the direction of tho Military Com
mander of the Military Iiistrict of In
diana. Had this tribunal tho legal
power and authority to try and punish
this man? No graver question was
over considered by this Court, r.or one
which more nearly concerns tho rights
of tho wholo people, for it is the birth
right of every American citizen when
charged with crimo to bo tried and
punished according to law.
"The power of punishment is alone
throucli tho means which tho laws
have provided for that purposo, nnd if
they are inetlectunl there is an imniu
nity from punishment, no matter how
irreat an offender tho individual may
ic or how much his crimo may have
shocked tho senso Of justico of tho
country or endangered its safety.
' liy the protection of the law, hu
man rights aro secured. Withdraw
that protection, and they aro at the
morcyof wicked rulers or the clamors
of an excited people.
"If thero was law to justify this
military trial, it is notour provinco to
interfere if there was not, it is our
duty to dcclaro the nullity of the
whole proceeding. The decision of
this question does not depend on ar
gument, for judicial precedents, nu
merous and highly illustrative as they
arc ; these precedents inform us of the
extent of tho strugglo lo preserve the
liberty and tn relievo those in civil
lifo from military trials. Tho found
ers of our government wero familiar
with the history of that struggle, and
secured, in a written Constitution,
every right which tho pooplo had
wrested from power during n contest
of ages. By that Constitution, and
laws authorized by it, this question
must bo determined. Tho provisions
of thnt instrument on tho administr
ticn of criminal jnstiec aro too plain
and direct to leavo room for miscon
struction ov doubt of their true mean
ing. Thoso applicublo to this case are
found in that clause of tlio original
Constitution which says "that the trial
of ull crimes, except in ciiho of im
poachmcnt, shall bo by jury." And
in tho fourth, fifth und sixth articles
of tho umendmeiits, tho fourth pro
claims tho right to bo securo in person
und effects against tiiireasonuhlosoaruh
and seizure, and directs that a judicial
warrant shall not issue "without proof
of probable cause, supported by oath or
affirmation." Tho fifth declares that
no person shall be held to answer for
a capital or otherwiso infamous crime
unless on a presentment by a grand
jury, except in cases arising in the
land or naval forces, or in tlio militia
when in actual uuvviou, iu time of war
or public danger, nor be deprived of
life, liberty, or property, without duo
process of law; and tho sixth guaran
tees tlio right of trial by jury in
such manner nnd "villi such regula
tions that, with upright judges, im
partial juries, and an nblo bar, the
innocent will bo saved and tho guilty
punished. It is in thoso words : "In
all criminal prosecutions tho accused
shall enjoy tho right to a speedy and
public trial, by an impartial jury of
the State and district wherein the
crime shall have been committed,
which district shall huve been previ
ously ascertained bylaw; and to be
informed of tho nature and cause of
tho accusation, to bo confronted with
tho witnesses against him, to have
compulsory process for obtaining wit
nesses in his favor, and to Imvo the
assistance of counsel for his defense"
These securities for porsonul liber
ty thus embodied wero such as wis
dom and experience had demonstrated
to bo necessary for tho protection of
those accused of crimo. And so strong
was tho sense of the country of their
iniportanco, and so jealous wero the
people that these rights, highly prized,
might be denied them by implication,
that when the originnl Constitution
was proposed for adoption, it encoun
tered severe opposition ; and but for
the belief that it would be so amended
us to embrace them, would never havo
been ratified. Timet has proven the
discernment of our ancestors, for even
tho provisions expressed in such plain
F.nglish language that it would seem
tho ingenuity of man could not evade
them, aro now, after tho lapse of more
than seventy fivo years, sought to be
evaded. Those great nnd good men
foresaw that troublesome times would
arise, when ruler and peoplo would
become restivo nnd'T restraint, and
seek by sharp and decisivo measures
to accomplish ends aeeincd just nnd
proper, nnd that tho principle of con
stitutional liberty would be in peril
unless established by irrepcalablo law.
Tho history of tho world had taught
them that what was done in the past
might bo attempted in the future
The Constitution of tho United States
is law for rulers and people, equally
in war and peace, nnd covers with the
shield of its protection all classes of
men at all times, nnd nnder all cir
cumstances. No doctrine- involving
more pernicious consequences was ev
er invented by tho wit of man than
that an' of its provisions can bo sus
pended during any of tho great emer
gencies of tho government. Such a
doctrine leads directly to anarchy nnd
despotism ; imt the theory ot necessi
ty on which it is based is false, for the
government, within tho Constitution,
has all tho powers granted to it which
arc necessary to preserve its existcnco,
as has been happily proved by the re
sult of tho great effort to throw off its
just uuthority. Have any of the rights
guaranteed by tho Constitution been
violated in tho ease of -Milligan, nnd if
so, what aro they ? l'very trial in
volves tho exercise of judicial power,
and from w hat source did tho military
commission that tried him derive its
authority? Certainly no part of the
judicial power of the country was con
ferred on them, because tho Constitu
tion expressly vests it in oie Supreme
Court, and such inferior courts as the
Congress may froro time to timo ordain
and establish, nnd it is not protended
that tho commission was a court or
dained and established by Congress.
They cannot justify on the inundate
of the President, becauso ho is Con
trolled by law and has his appropriate
sphere of duly, which is to execute
and not make tho laws; and there is
no unwritten criminal coda to which
resort can bo had as a source of juris
diction. But it is said that the juris
diction is complulo under the laws
and usages of war. It can serve no
useful ) i u r pi iso to inquiro what those
laws and usages aro, whenco they
originated, where found, and on whom
they operate. They can never be ap
plied to citizens of Stutes which have
upheld tho authority of iho govern
ment, and where tho courts nro open
and their processes unobstructed.
This Court has judicial knowledge
that in Indiana the l odoral authority
was always unopposed, nnd its courts
always open to lienr criminal nccusa
tious and redress grievances, and no
usage of war could sanction a military
trial thero for any offense whatever,
of citizen in civil life in no wiso con
nected with tho military service Con
gress could grant no such power, nnd,
to tho honor of our National Legisla
ture bo it said, it has never been pro
voked by tho state of tho country
even to attempt its exercise One of
tho plainest constitutional provisions
was therefore infringed when Milligan
was tried by a court not orduinod and
established by Congress and not com
posed of judges appointed during good
Itehnvior. Why was he not delivered
lo the Circuit Court of Indiana to bo
nrooeodod against according to law?
No reason of noecssily could bo urged
against it, because Congress bad do
elarcd pannlties against tho ollenses
charged, "providotl for their punish
ment, nnd directed that court to hear
and detorniino thein ; and soon after
this militury tribunal was enJod tho
Circuit Con 1-1 met pvHOf'iilly, transact
ed its business and adjourned. It
needed no bayonets) to protect it, and
required no military-aid to execute
its judgments. It wns huld in a State
eminently distinguished for patriot
ism, by judges commissioned during
tho rebellion, who Wore provided with
juries upright, intelligent, and select
ed by a marshal appointed by tho Pres
ident. The government hud no right
to conclude thut Millignn, if not guilty,
would not receive in that court meri
ted punishment, ft r'M records disclose
that il was constantly engaged in tho
triul of biniilar olF tses and was nover
interrupted Jn it-.dBUAUaOnition of
criminal justico. If it was dangerous
in tho distracted condition of affairs to
leave Milligan unrestrained of his lib
erty because ho conspired against the
government, afforded aid nnd comfort
to reltels, and incited tho people to
insurrection, the law said arrest him,
con lino him closely, render him pow
erless to do further mischief, ami thon
present his ense to tho grand jury of
tho district with proofs of his guilt,
and, if indicted, try him according to
tho course of the common law. If
this hud been dono, tho Constitution
would havo been vindicated, the law
of 1S(UJ enforced, and tho securities
for personal liberty preserved and de
fended. Anothor guarantee of free
dom was broken when Milligan was
denied a trial by jury. The great
minds of the country have differed
upon tho correct interpretation to be
given to various provisions of the Fed
eral Constitution, nnd judicial decision
lias been often invoked to settle their
true meaning, but until recontly no
ono ever doubted that tho right of
trial by jury was fortified in tho or
ganio law against the owcr of attack.
It is now assailed, but if ideas can bo
expressed in words, and language has
any moaning, Mi ritlit ono of the
most valuablo in a free country is
preserved to every ono accused of
crime who is not attached to the ar
my or navy, or militia in actual ser
vice. The sixth amendment affirms
that in all criminal prosecutions, the
accused shall enjoy iho right to a
speedy nnd public triul by nu impar
tial jury languago broad enough to
embrace all persons nnd cases. But
tho fifth, recognizing the necessity of
an indictment, or presentment before
any one can bo held to answer for
high crimes, except cases arising in
the military or naval forces, or iu the
militia when in actual servieo in time
of war or publio danger. And tho
frumcrs of tho Constitution doubtless
meant to limit tho right of trial by
jury, iu the sixth niucndmcn', to those
persons who wero subject to indict
ment or presentment in the tilth.
Tho discipline necessary to the effi
cency of the army and navy, required
other and swifter modes of trial than
aro furnished by the common law
courts; and in pursuance of the pow
er conferred by tho Constitution, Con
gress has declared tho kind of trial,
and tho manner in which they shall
bo conducted, for offenses committed
while tho party is in tho military or
naval servieo. Every ono connected
with thoso branches of tho public ser
vicers amenable to the jurisdiction
winch Congress has created lor their
government, and while thus serving,
surrenders his right to bo tried by the
civil courts. All other persons, citi
eons of States whero the courts are
open, if charged with crime, are guar
anteed tho inestimablo privilege of
trial by jury. This privilcgo is a vital
principle, underlying the wholo ad
ministration ot criminal justice it is
not held by sufl'ranco and cannot be
frittered awny on any plea of olilical
necessity. When peace prevails nnd
the authority of the government is
undisputed, there is no diflieulty of
preserving the safeguards of liberty,
for tho ordinary modes of trial are
never neglected, and no ono wishes it
otherwise. But if society is disturb
ed by civil commotion if the passions
of men nrouscd and the restraint of
law weakened, if not disregarded,
theso safeguards need and should ro
ceivo tho watchful etire of those in
trusted with the guardianship of the
('(institution and laws. In no other
way can wo transmit to posterity un
impaired the blessings or liberty con
secrated by tho sacritioes of tho dev
olution. It is chii mod that martial
law covers with its broad mantle, the
tho proceedings ot this militarv com
mission. The proposition is this :
That in a time of war tho commander
of nn armed force, if in his opinion
tho exigencies of tho country df mand
it, and of which ho is to judge, lias
tho power, within the lines of Ins mil
itary district to suspend all civil rights
and their remedies wero suhject-cit-izens
as well as soldiers to tho rule
of us tei'iV, and the exercise of bislaw-
ful authority cannot be restrained, ex
eept by his superior oflleer or tho
President of the United States. If
this prineiplo is sound to tho extent
claimed, thon when war exists, foreign
or domestic, and tho country is sub
divided into military departments, for
more convenience, the commander of
ono of them can, if ho chooses, within
the limits, on tho plea of necessity,
with 1ho approval ot the P.xei-itivc
substitute militaty forco for and to the
exclusion of tho laws, nnd punish nil
persons os ho thinks right and proper,
without fixed or certain rules. The
statoment of this proposition shows
its importance) for if (rue republican
government is a luilure find there is
an end f liberty regulated by law,
martial law, established on such a bn
sis, destroys every guarantee of the
Constitution and effectually renders
tho mililnry independent of and supe
rior to tho civil power the attempt
to do which py tho King of tirent fir
tain 'fi deemed by our fathers, such
an offense that they assigned it to tho
world, as ono of the cnuscs which im
pelled them to tloclnro thoir indepen
dence. Civil liberty und this kind of
mania! law cannot enduro together;
the untagonism is irreconcilable, and
in tho conflict ono or tho other must
perish. This notion, ns experience has
proved, cannot always remain at
jteaoo, and has no right to expect that
it will always havo wise and humane
laws, sincerely attachod to tho princi
ples ot tho Constitution. ickcd
men, ambitious of'powor, with hate of
liberty and contenint of law. nmv fill
tho places occupied by Washington
and Lincoln, ana if this right is con co
dud, and the calamities of war again
belull us, tho dangers to human life
and liberty aro frightful to contem
plate Jt our fathers hud failed to
provide for just such a contingency
they would have been false to the trust
reposed in them. They know, the
history of tho world told them, tho na
tion they wero foundling, be its exis
tence short or long, would bo involved
in war, how often or how long conlin-
tinued human foresight could not tell.
and thut unlimited power, wherever
lodged ntsucha time, wits specially
hazardous to freemen, l or this and
o'.hor weighty reasons the scoured the
inheritance they had fought to main
tain, by incorporating in a written con
stitution tho safeguards which time
hud proved wero essential to its pres
ervation. Not ono of these safeguards
can tho President, or Congress, or the
Judiciary disturb, except tho ono con
cerning tho writ of habeas corpus."
.1 Ttrrtblc firearm.
Tho Government is now having
made, at Hartford, Conn., ono hun
dred battery guns of a now invention.
rntyol them will have a one-inch
bore, nnd tho balance ono-half inch
bore This gun is quite a curiosity to
look at Tho main characteristics
are, that it has a scries of barrels, with
a carrier and lock cylinder, rigidly
laMoneu to tno mom shall, and rotat
ing simultaneously and continuously
by means of a crank, the cartridges
being fid into the carrier from feed
boxes, thenco driving endways into
the rear ends of tho barrels, then ex
ploded und tho empty cartridge with
drawn, without any pause in the op
eration. Tho incessant loading and
firing aro produced by tho simplest
kind of mechanism, there being less
parts about tho gun than in tho Spring
field musket. This gun can be dis
charged nt tho rate of two hundred
bhots per minuto. One of its features
is that there is no recoil which can
effect the accuracy of the aim. When
t.ie gun is sighted at a given object,
tho same aim can be maintained at
tho will of the oiK'rawr until thousands
of discharges tako placo.
A lateral train motion of tho gun
may bo kept up if desired whilo the
guu is being discharged, so that a
perfect sheet of bulls can bo mado to
sweep a section of any circle within
its range. As thero is no csenno of
gas at the breech, nil tho force ot the
powder is expended in giving velocity
to tho bull. A consideration which is
claimed to bo of tho very first impor
tance in mis gun, is iiiut every cart
ridge must bo cither discharged or
withdrawn from the barrels, thus pre
cluding such results as were showu on
tho battle-field of Gettysburg, whore
of tho 'JS,f,74 muskets collected after
tho buttle, 24,00(1 were found to bo
loaded, 12,0u() of them containing two
loads ench, nnd 0,t'00 being charged
with from threo to ten loads' each, the
cartridges often boing loaded without
breaking them, nnd many inserted
with tho bull down first. Tho gun is
light and cusily transported. One of
tho sizes now being made at tho ar
mory discharges JW-KMJ inch calibre
balls, and weighs 'lib pounds. The
other sizo discharges balls of ono inch
calibre, (nine ounces in weight,) and
weighs between 5ll0 and 000 pounds.
The first named has a rango of nbout
ono mile, and tho latter upward of
two miles.
The Dkacon and tiik Wasps A
worthy dencon in a town in Maine was
remarkable for the facility with which
he quoted Scripture on all occasions.
Tho Divine Word was ever ut his
tongue's end, and tho trivial ns well as
importantoccurrcnces of lifo furnished
occasion lor quoting the languago of
tho Bible. What was better, however,
tho exemplary man always mado his
quotations tho standard of action.
Ono hot day ho was engaged in
mowing with his hired man, who was
leading off, tho deacon following in his
swarth, conning his rpt quotations,
when tho man suddenly sprang from
his placo, leaving his swarth just in
timo to esenpo a wasp's nest.
"What is iho matter?" hurriedly
inquired the deacon.
"Wasps," was tho laconic reply.
-'Pooh !" paid tho deacon. "The
wicked flee when no man pursneth,
but the righteous aro ns bold as a
lion," and taking tho workman's
swarth bo moved but a step when a
swarm of wasps settled about bis ears,
and ho was forced to rolnat, with
ninny a painful sting, and in great dis
comfiture. -An. siiouten ino other, with a
chueklo, "tho prudent man forseeth
the evil, and hidcth himsolf, but the
simplo pass on and nro punished."
The go.nl ib'ncon bad found his equal
in making applications of the sacred
writings, and thereafter was never
known to quoto Scripture on trivial
occasions. Krcluingr.
"Vegetable pills I" exclaimed an old
lady, "don't link to me of such Bluff.
Tlio best vegetable pill over mado is
an upplo Dumpling. For dcs'.rc)"ing
a knawingof the stomach there's noth
ing like il."
Tiger Shooting in imiUt.
AN 1NTKHEST1NO SKETCH.
l no following is an extract irom a
letter writ ton to a friend, by Col. Ba
got, from Nugode, Central l'rovincos,
India. "On the second day after ar
riving nt my cntnp, I was walking by
tho bed of tho Cane lliver, through
some heavy hush willow covort, when
1 enmo upon a girl with her child,
fishing. 1 went up to her and told
her sho was doing a very foolish thing,
lor tigers were about, und 1 advised
her to go away ; sho luughcd and told
me no tiger would take her, as she
had done it for a long time I warned
her again, and went on my way. I
got to my tents about 6 p. in., and an
hour utter I saw a man running to
ward them, iio enmo cp to mo and
sani, nan an hour alter l left tho poor
I - .1 r I .r
l;ui imu ucuu uurricu uu uy a ugor,
tun tlio child liud escaped, it eras
tho work of a moment U get my guns
and men out, and I took ten men off
to tho place at once, not to shoot the
beast, for it wus too lute and dark to
wake up tigers then. I put the ton
men up trees to remain there all night
and see if tho tiger left the placo, und
promised to be there at daylight. J
knew, of course, thut tho unfortunate
fril-1 U'llfl Oflti.n lltl lrmrr linO,,.,, T ,rr.f
s, -- -""p. .v!,.
there, so it was no use doing anything
else. At daylight 1 went off, and
cautiously going np tree after tree
where I had placed the men, found he
was "ut home;" he hud come out to
drink and retired into some thick cov
ert. I sent all my men awny but two,
with spare rifles, and approached the
covert very quietly and carefully;
when within ten paces ot it I heard a
grumbling sound, and bad just time
to cock n iy rifle, when out he came
with a rush clean at mo ; but, by good
and steady coolness, I gave him a oall,
or rather bhell, through tho head,
which burst nnd blew it to bits, laying
him dead. My men caino up to con
gratulate mo, and I was talking to
them, when, lo my astomshmont, I
beard a roar to my right, near, and on
turning round saw another huge tiger
walking quietly towards mo. All the
beaters set up & shout and boltod,
which haste unfortunately turned the
tiger, and he was making off up a ra
vine, when I gavo him a ball behind,
but for thut day lost bim, though I
tracked him by his blood for a long
way. The next day I heard of anoth
er tiger having killod a cow about
seven miles off. I went and found it
all right ; going up cautiously to the
hill, i saw a monster sneaking away
about forty yards from mo. I gave
him a ball, and round be cam a me
liko a demon. I was in a narrow
gorgo, and did not half like it 1 gave
him auother ball, which turned him
to tho grass, nnd 1 lost sight of him.
A wounded tiger is always most form
idable, and it is fearfully dangerous
moving about in their vicinity so I
did not stir, in hopes ho might come
buck to me nnd givo me tho advan
tage, so that I could boar bim growl
ing his death song out; but he did
neither. A man in a troo said he
mado up tho hill and down the other
side; so off I went, ordering all the
beaters out of the jungle to the top of
the highest hill, with directions to
stay there together till I sent for them.
I went off, with my two shikarccsand
kecpors withsparc rifles, to look where
ho liad gone. I was moving most
gingerly, in a horrid funk, when a roar
and a rush came at once from the
grass, not ten yards from me I gave
him two balls right and left, ship in
the chest, ns ho charged, but it did
not stop him ; then, 1 only just had
lime to snatch my single shell rifle
from tho keeper and givo him (the
tiger) a shell in the chest again, which
burst inside and smashed his shoulder
all to bits; he rolled over within three
puces of me, biting and tearing the
ground. 1 took another riflo nnd
waited on him, for it was a grand
sight to see his rage I then saw that
tho reason he could not eorao nn was,
his hind leg was smashed on tho same
sido by ono of my first bullets, which
passed through bis chest, and ho could
not get up with two legs broken on
ono side. This was most fortunate,
for had t ho shell not broken that shoul
der nothing could havo saved mo. lie
must have come homo before I could
havo given him another barrel. 1 fin
ished bim with a ball through hia
head, and a more magnificent brute I
novor saw. I was very glad to havo
escaped, and then thought what a fool
I was for running such risks. How
ever, my next lark with them was a
most wonderful business, and God's
mercy nlono saved mo. I hoard of
another hill by tho bod of tho river,
all immense boulder stones and heavy
hush willow jungle, (.iff I went, and
having taken up a position nt tho end
of a sort of island, told tho beaten to
go up tho banks all round and try if
ho was thero, by trowing in volleys of
slonos. J. was standing quietly wait'
ing, when too my horror, threo lingo
tigers walked out, touching ono an
other. Thero was no retreating; tho
beasts saw mo in their road, and I
knew I must fight it out; so I opened
tho ball, and as tho leading one looked
up to charge I sent a shell on the point
ol bis shoulder and smashed it to bits.
So close wero tho tigers to each other
that ho turned round and laid hold of
his neighbor, and all threo returned,
to my delight, into the covert, growl
ing, roaring and lighting; but it was
but for a moment two enmo out nguin
at me. I gave them a ball each.mosl
steadily and coolly placed, ono the
first turning up the bank to my right
and tho other to my left, and there I
was left in a most charming position,
with threo wounded tigers all around
mn, and 1 could see none, and of course
did not daro to move. 1 load my sin
gle shell rillo like lightning, and bad
only put on tho cap w hen I heard a
move abovo and Lihiiid mc ; and one
tiger, or rather tigress, roniin ; down
upon inc. I turned sharp and t -nt a
shell smashing thmugh her si ,. and
she ntlomptcd to rnh up tln bui.U
again, but loll backwards dead nt my
feet. No sooner was this over t'..;u
I be other cavno down to my rig'f, an I
I gave him a right and loll, and s ra
him staggering back. HocroeM ,1 the
bank and was going up the hill hi C.j
other sido, nnd although I coiii l not,
seo him, I heard l;is huge body slip
and crush through tho underwood, and
breat lied again very much more free ly .
I reloaded my guns, stooped J j .mi
and had a jolly drink of wutor, for to
tell you tho truth, my tongue was
pretty dry, and I should not bo far
out if I said the want of moisture win
caused by something very liko a "blue
funk." It nearly required all tho
ncrvo I had. Weil, alas! I was doom
ed to a still groator triul. Thore was
my first wounded bird, of whom 1 had
seen nothing ; so I thought with one
I might venturo out of my place, bo
got up on tho bank as quickly as pos
sible, and ordored the beaters again to
throw in a volley of stones. This was
answered with a rour; but old sAriped
jacket would not come out. 1 repeat
ed the dose many times, but it wm no
go. I then thought be wus so badly
hit ho could not come out ; but a man
in a troo said he was moving ubout,
bleeding very much. 1 could not cl
lo tho treo, for I should havo bad to
creep through the junglo. At lie t I
was told he had laid down in a very
thick clomp near a rising bit of sand
I was not inclined to loso hiiu, and
did not like going in at bim in such
awful ground, lfowever, after many
attempts to forco bim out, I sent all
tho beaters off, took three of my keep
ers, with spare guns, nnd walked to
ward tho rising sand.- I threw in
stone after stone into tho clump, but
not a sound. I moved on, and, when
withing threo yards of the placo, ono
of my men swore bo could see him
under the covert 1 looked, and look
ed in vain ; I could see nothing; so,
catching up my single shell rifle, told
my men in a whisper, "I will go on.
If I put my hand behind mo, one man
is to stand fast, with my doublo riflo
ready, tho olhers to retreat slowly."
I moved on about two paces, when I
thought 1 saw my friend, and put my
hand behind me, knowing that when
once a tiger sees any ono move away
after bo is discovered bo charges at
once. It did not tako a second. 1
barely got my band back on my riflo
when the huge beast was on me 1
had to throw my body back to get my
riflo up without its touching him. The
blood and breath from his mouth spat
tered all over my face, hands and neck.
But, by God's goodness, I was steady,
and pulled us he came on. Tho shell
entered tho brow just over the eye,
burst in the bruin, and literally blew
his skull to pieces. lie fell dead, with
his formidable paws not four inches
from my feet 1 thanked God and
sat down, when a yell from all the
beaters (some 300) refreshed mc.
It ear I ion against the Robin.
Tho robin has been for many )-cars a
favorito with sentimental peoplo in
this country, who have stood between
him and gunshot wounds, and eneonr
agetr iherHrfcrensrrn onr wnhnrds,
until of late A re-action has begun
against bim. Cultivators of wine de
nounce luin as a greedy robber : or-
chardists declare that be husaltogethcr
too fino a taste for penre, and a chorus
of farmers declare him a monstrous
humbug, who spoils half a bushel of
cherries for every cureulio he swallows.
finally, that eminent philosopher.
Josh Billings, speaks of him in theso
injurious terms:
"Iho red brestid robbing is a burd
muchly doted onto by seminary cirls
and poits.
"Gentlemen lurmcraalso cncunidge
the robbing becos he swallorcth inscx
when ho cunt get sno or anything clso
to eat
But practickle fnrmera and fruit
growists begin to dont sec it
"1 was once a gentleman furmist.
"I am not so gentil ns 1 was.
'I ro in for real farniinf. mukintr
my pile of mnnoorand raisin things to
eat.
"I usted to listen for tho robbing's
lay and his evening carol, but I found
out that ho singed only to seduce fe-
mail robbings, and thnt where he el
five insex he ct quarts of cherries,
strawberries, currants, rnsberries ainl
eclrer, nnd then pitch uito tho hkIUm
ost bartlett pairs.
"1 lound that my fruit crop agreed
too well" with Mr. Itohbing's crop.
"llis wobbling to nm leinail friends
at evening didn't pay for his gobbling
uiuiru nun ail Ull.
"And so, my friends, when tho
swete red brest gets fat on the eggs
pensivc producksof northern gut-dings
and flocks southward to fill unscnla
mental pot pies, 1 bid him ndoo with,
out regret.''
This will go near to finish the robin,
who really deserves no mercy, for ho
has been sailing theso many 3-enrs
under falso colors he has been trad
ing under a fit Iso name, but is a mem
ber of another family, nn impudent
impostor.
M en Wanted. Tho great want of
this ago is men. Men who aro not for
sale .Men who nro honost, sound
from centre to circumference, true to
the heart's core. Men who will eon.
domn wrong in friond or foe, in them,
selves as well as in others. Mon
whose consciences nro steady as tho
needle to tho pole Men who will
stand for the right if iho heavens tot
ter and theearth reels. Men who can
tell the truth and look tho world and
Iho devil right in tho eve. Men that
noither brag nor run. Men thnt nei
ther flag nor flinch. Men who can
have courage without whistling for it,
and joy without shouting to bring it
Men in whom tho current of everlast
ing lifo runs still, and deep, and strong.
Men too large for sectarian limits, nnd
too strong for sectarian hands. Men
who do not strive, nor cry, nor cnuso
their voices to be beard in the s'.rects,
but w ho will not fail oi'bo discouraged
till judgment bo set in the earth. Men
who know their message and tell it.
Men who know their duty and do it.
Men who know thoir place and fill it
Men who mind their own business.
Mon who will not Iio. Mon who aro
not too lazy to work, nor too proHd
to bo poor. Men who nro willing to
eat what they have earned, and wear
what they have paid f r. Inre.-tiji(vr.