a no no
0 . wrr
My MyMyMyfyW
eo- B- GOODLANDEH. Editor and Proprietor.
PRINCIPLES, not MEN.
TEEMS: $2 00 Per Annum, if paid in advance
IVOL. XXXVIII WHOLE NO. 19IG.
CLEARFIELD, PA., WEDNESDAY, JULY 4, 186G.
NEW SERIES-VOL. VI.-
-NO. 5J
THE SEQEO BTJEEATJ AGAIN. delegation assured us that ho called
' to soo General Ely on several dili'er-
jtni. Stoatmn nd Pullertoa lu South ont days to inform him of tho Biiflcr
j Orollut ...d U-rgla. jing coudition of tll0 Irccdmcn in tlie
; ,,. r t; . ' small-pox hospital, and was told on
tgro Usfonanes Running Tlanta- eudl lcconh&i tho (ieneral could
imns "Brother rrench' as an . . . . .
t Overseer and Speculator, t-c, d-c.
1 Generals Steadman and
.not bo seen, as he was absent attend
ing to his plantations. This neglect
Fullerton of duty by General Ely wa9Complain-
avo sent in their report on tho man-' of in a letter written by Beverly
gemcnt of the Xegro Bureau in South 'Nash' and published in a Charleston
,. T,. . . . . , paper devoted to tho interests of the
Jurol.na, Honda and Georg.a. Tho 'fveledmen. After tho publication of
jllowing is the grand retinue of tho 'this letter, General Ely told Nash he
icYO Bureau in South Carolina, and did not like such statements made
TO
75 00
60 00
85 00
125 00
100 00
.ho cost of the luxury :
I COMMISSIONER OF BUREAU :
I One Brigadier Gcuoral, Commis
sioner. IBTArr :
One Lieutenant Colonel; one Ma
jor; six Captains; one Bureau Min
tfionary. ElB-ASSISTANT COMMISSIONERS:
One Colonel; two Lieutenant Col
inels; four Majors; seven Captains;
fix First Lieutenants; one Second
ieutcnant.
ON STAFF TDCTf EI.SEWHERK:
Three Lieutenants.
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT :
Three Surgeons, United States Vol-
nteers; thirteen Assistant burgeons.
CITIZEN EMPLOYEES :
Nine Clerks, at an average pay
each per month, $108 33
One Kental Agent, at monthly
pay of
One Store-Keeper, at monthly
pay of
One Counsellor, at monthly
ray of
One Superintendent of Educa
tion, at monthly pay of
Ono Printer, at monthly pay of 100 00
One Contract hurgeon, at
monthly pay of
Twenty-live Laborers, at an av
erage pay per month of 19 20
At an average, there have been sup
ported, for the past five months by
the United slates Government, over
five thousand negroes. They were fur
nuhed crHtuitouly supplies, consist
ing of pork or bacon, fresh beef, flour
or soft bread, hard bread, corn meal,
beans, peas and hominy, tvgar, vine
gar, candles, soap, salt and pepper
It will be noticed above that among
the ornaments to the 2egro Bureau
are a "Bureau Missionary," a "Bureau
Counsellor," a "Bureau Printer," and
a "Bureau Storekeeper. These, Gen
crals Steadman and Fullerton think
superfluous decorations, and advise
that they bo dispensed with. W
now quote from their report inestenso,
Tho first voint at which wc com-
monced our investigations was at Col
umbia, where we found Brevet Briga
dier-General Ely, Sub-Assistant Com
niissioncr of tho Bureau, in charge of
an indefinite number of counties. We
were unable to obtain from him
statement of tho extent of the tcrrito
rv over which ho presided, for the
reason that ho himself did not know
tho limits of his jurisdiction. This
oflicer is quito extensively engaged in
tho cultivation of plantations, his
planting interests in the vicinity of
Columbia requiring so much of his
timo that in one instanco at least, we
found ho had neglected tho proper
duties of his office.
General Ely stated to us that he
was cultivatine two plantations on
covernmont account, leased by him
self as Bureau agent, at a cash rent
of $5,000 a year. On three other plan
tations he stated that ho had put
frcedmon to work, and furnished them
with rations which were to bo paid
for out of their crops. One of those
1lantations ho alterwards said hnd
ocn rented by William B. Shcplcy,
of the Twenty fifth Ohio Infantry,
who had been a clerk in his office.
He (Gon. Ely) had put the frcedinen
Bureau or tho inability or unwilling
ness of tho citizens to bring them to
justice, have escaped punishment, and
arc still at largo ; a number ot intelli
gent and influential citizens in Edgo
ficld, in conversation strongly con
demned the conduct of the villains who
had murdered unoffending frecdmen.
These citizens stated that tho murders
were committed by a band of men
from t he States of Texas, Kentucky,
and Tennessee, who had been in the
rcbol army, .and .were prevented by
their enemies from returning to their
respective homes, and who had taken
to tho road for a livelihood, and were
stealing horses from white people and
robbingand mudering colored men bo
cause they were defenceless We ask
ed the citizens wli3r tho murderers
were not arrested and punished by
the civil authorities. The repry was,
that they were in doubt as their au
thority to ac t ; that the Freedmen's
Bureau, with tho millitary support
was the superior power, claiming ex
elusive authorit) to arrest and punish
persons committing outrages upon
These tickets wero taken to the store
keeper, with corn at three dollars a
bushel, ana other articles at similar
irices. I hero was no meat in this
about hiui, and wished tho frecdmen
to get up somo resolutions denying
the truth of the ullegations published,
which they refused to do.
Wo examined a contract between a
planter and freedmen, which is on file j
forward a copy marked "A." If this
contract is to bo regarded asovidenco
of the condition of t lie frecdmen under
the chnr0 ol General Ely. they are
certainly very little better off than
they wero whilo in slavery. The
system established bv this coutract is freedmen. and that as lor.ir as this
at best but a system of peonage. state of things existed they were pow
rrom Columbia wc proceeded to . erless to punish crimes ol this c narac
Charleston, the headquarters of tho.ter They evinced much indignation
Bureau for South Carolina, where we at what thcjT termed the injustice ol
met Urigadicr-Gencral 11. K. Scott, 1 a portion of tho press in holding them
the Assistant Commissioner. Wefound accountable for crimes and barbarities
him to bo an energetic and competent which they said M erc as revolting to
ofiieer.laboring to correct the mistakes . them as to any other portion ot the
and blunders of his predecessor. Al- American people, while the power to
though ho has been on duty in this punish the perpetrators was withheld
department but a short time, he his , from them, lhey also aurcd us
produced a marked change for the j with unanimity that hereafter, al-
bctter in tho administration ol me 'though thcircivu government wassuu
nffsiirn of tho Bureau. We failed at nalia v riflralvzcd. every cllorl would
.: . . l j i r .....
his olhco for the purposo ot examining be made to punisn an wno were guilty
the records of tho Bureau, but were .of committing outrages on Irecdmcn.
informed that all tho books, papers, Wc learn that six or seven freedmen
records, and documents pertaining to had been murdered by nband of out-
the anairs of the frecdmen prior to , laws, relerrcd to during the months oi
tho establishment of the Bureau and .March and April, ana although
all the records relatin? to tho admin- month has elapsed since tho last ol
istration of the Bureau for the orenn- these crimes was committed, more
ization to the time of General Scott's than a month ago no action hnd been
assuming chariro of tho uffairs, had taken in the matter by Gen. Sickles
been carried off by General baxton, ,'ihe investigation y tno iureau
who hnd left only a file of his own j agency was commenced only a few
general orders in the office. General days since, and was now progressing
Siivfon rmve ns n reason lor tins Tiro- at namounr. tinny nun s iroiu mc
poodimr. that it was necessary for him scene of the murders. Wo carnest'y
O' . . .
inlinvi t in hooks nnclrefords "to make hone that theso murderers may ic
him all right at Washington." In tho brought to justice,
absence of official documents we were. I PEA island.
of eonrse.unablc to institute any close' On the 18th of May wc left Charles
examination into the conduct of the ton by steamer, and visited, first, the
oflicers of the Bureau who hud been Sea Islands, on the coast of Georgia,
on duty in South Carolina prior to, which have been, and are till, togetu
General Scott's administration. Wc'cr with the island on the coast, under
could only judge of their conduct by the cxclusivo control of tho Frced
tho condilition in which we found the1 men's Bureau. On these i.-lands there
freedmen in those places where the are one hundred and lorty-ono possess
which their former owners worked portion of this island on tax titles. General Saxton. If the records kept
thorn. The price paid per task is fifty Some of them made three crops last by General Saxton were within our
cents, which, if paid in money or its season on trust lamis; but notwilh- reach we could, without doubt, obtain
equivalent, would bo fair wages : but ing the advantage thus enjoyed.nearly official information m to the workings
in lieu 01 money, iickcis wero given ui iiium mc mm utnuiuic ui mm ouiminuni, out in me aosenco
them, on which wero printed, "Good cumstanccs. Their present impovcr- of tho records, we can only report
lor in provisions from our store, iishod condition is atiriDutcd to me sucn lacts as aro within the knowl-
fact that their crops were purchased odgc ol General 1 ilson and other ofn-
by Beaufort 6tore dealers and others, ccrs on duly in tho department,
at merely nominal rates in most in- On taking charge of this settlement
stnnccs. at less than a fourth of their Mr. Tiffany hired .twniitv.fim fr.ml.
shop. , The freedmen gathered round j net value. Theso thrifty .raders,man3' men as a guard, armed them with
us wjiilo wVvro. iltcre, auiLcam pi ni.-.i.0f jv horn made their advent at Beau- United States muskets, and used them
Jurt Willi IIIO aruiy, paicuomsa iii-o j to pravoDi ny u-iuto man -entering
sea island cotton at ten cents per j tho settlement. Even United States
pound in tho seed, and have this seas- officers, who had not 3Ir. Tiffany's
on already secured mortgago on a largo pass, were halted and were refused
proportion of the freedmen strops in the use of tho government boat to
some instances even on their lands.
After visitiiiff the South Curolina
nl i.tinit!i.i(lll,ii:.4i.ni1liilAr ulnti.i
ITU VII' I I UI llllll II CUllllUIHtOllltlllp
that with the wages paid them, ihey
wero umtblo to earn enough to buy,
at the prices charged them, necessary
subsistence If these freedmen were
iaid in money for their labor, they
could escape tho extortions of the
shop-keepers ; b-it with tho tickets
issued to them they were compell
ed to. pay the price charged, and to
take whatever the shop-keeper sees
fit to give them. Competition, which
would greatly reduce the price of pro
visions, is prevented, at least on this
plantation, by military orders. Mr.
Tolls, on an adjacent plantation, was
selling corn to these people at two
dollars per bushel, and taking Under
wood s tickets in payment, fcut he
was compelled to desist by a special
order.
Major J. E. Cornelius. Acting Sub-
Assistant Commissioner for the inlands
in tho Department of South Carolina,
stated to us that his attention had
been called to some difficulty among
the freedmen on Underwood's planta
tion, which he had investigated, and
found the freedmen in fault, therefore
he required the frecdmen to resume
work, and notified them that if they
did not do so he would arrest Ihem.
Our examination led us to a different
conclusion from
cross the Ogeechee I'ivcr.
of twenty-five men, who
This guard
served the
Islands, we proceeded to Savannah, . entire season, wore to bo paid ont of
Gu., where we were joined by Brevet, the proceeds of tho rice crop raised
Major General Davis Tilson, Assistant, by the frecdmen of the settlement.
Commissioner of the Bureau for Geor-1 Mr. Tiffany gave them certificates for
mw
g;a. lie aecompanieu us on our way
to the bca Jslands under ms cnargc.
There has been much confusion and
disorder occasioned by Pev. Tunis G.
Campbell, a colored man from Nova
Scotia, who was located on the Island
by Major-General Saxton, as an agent
of tho Bureau. This man abolished
all the simple rules and regulations
adopted by the freedmen for their
own guidance, and established, in
stead, a parody of the United States
government, putting himself In the
position of President, and assuming,
in addition, dictatorial powers. Un
der his administration tho freedmen
wero armed. No white man was al
lowed to land on the island, and every
effort was mado to stir up feelings of
animosity against the whito race.
assumed 03
Amongst other powers
Campbell, ho issued land grants
1 that arrived at byichiiming to do so "by virtue of the
s. In our opinion the authority vested in him by tho Prcsi-
Maior Lome 1 us. In our opinion
condition and treatment of the freed-(dent of the United Stales and General
men on Underwood's plantation fully : Saxton ;" and took especial care to
justified them in refusing to work. 1 bestow the best allotments onbimscll
Ncur tho plantation rented and land relatives. Iho conduct 01 tnis
policy cf General Saxton had been
fully carried out, and where its effects
wero still apparent. Rcrsoning from
these data, wc are convinced that the
effect of the operations of the Bureau
on tho freedmen in respect to their
habits and disposition to labor and
support themselves under the admin
istration of Gen Saxton wns exceed
ingly pernicious, espcciall)' 011 tho
Sea Islands, to which we-will allude
further in our account of tho freemen's
settlements on the seaboard.
Chaplain M. French, U. 8. C. I.
Bureau Missionary and Superintend
ent of Marriage delations, and Lieu
tenant L J. Lott Superintendent As
sistant Commissioner, having charge
of a freedman's camp at Charleston,
arc in partnership with Mrs. Ilanchan,
of Charleston, in cultivating n planta
tion on Edisto Island. They furnish
ed $1,500 in money to carry on the
plantation and to receive one-half of the
net profits of tho nndertaking. They
purchase supplier in Charleston, and
forward them to the plantations.
Chaplain French explained to us that
in making tho agreement with Mrs.
Ilanchan ho was actuated solely by a
desire to assist her. and furnish labor
to work on tho plantation while Shcp- j for the poor frecdmen ; but with even j
lev wa nwav at his home, and had an ordinary crop ho will not receive
promised to givo them one-half of the ( less than 250 or 300 per cent, of the
crop. ; money advanced.
A uclegation of freedmen subse-j When we called tho attention of
qncntly called on us and stated that General Scott to tho planting opera
in addition to the two plantations tion of General Ely, Chaplain French,
which General Ely was cultivating on' and Lieutenant Lott, he avowed his
government account, ho was also disapprobation of tho action of these
planting on his own account the farms officers.
of Robert Joiner and A. M. Hunt. Under tho guidenco of General
This delegation further stated that Scott, tho condition of tho freedmen
twonty-nino colored persons men, in Charleston has been very much
women and children suffering from improved, and the bad feeling which
the small pox, were crowded into one had grown up between the whites and
room, about twenty feet by twenty- blacks under tho former adiiiinistra
four, and placed on tho bare floor, lion is gradually wearing away. Most
with no bedding, and their only cov- of tho fVecdincn arc now at work, and
ering was the blankets they brought rcciving good wages,
with thorn. These poor creatures Wo visited Edgefield Court House,
were left in this condition several near tho centre of the district of w hich
dnya, some of them delirious, with Liculeritant ColonH Devcrcaux has
only ono black woman to attend thorn, charge, the head-quarters of which are
and without any nourishment but at Hamburg, on tho Savannah river,
meat and meal. A ntmber of respect- opposite tho City of Augusta, Georgia
abto old colored people attacked with Thcro have been a number of brutal
tnaii-pox were tnus laxen irom mun uunnts tviuuniivu m mm umn .v j
comfortable homes and placed in this a band of outlaws who, through the
rocm to die of neglect. One of this apparent neglect of the agent of the
ing titles held by tho freedmen, under
the order of General Sherman, and
decided to bo valid. They encumber
thoso two plantations situated on,
Janus, John, Wadnielaw, and Edisto
Islands. The number of freedincn,now
on nil tho South Carolina islands is
about thirty thousand. Thcyfoim,
however, out a proportion of the ag
gregate number who have occupied
tho islands sinco General Sherman's
order was isxuad. Many of those who
first came here remained on tho is
land but a short lime, and then re
turned to their homes on the mainland;
others, who made small crops, gather
ed them in, and left to seek other em
ployment.
A large majority of the frecdmen
who still remain on tho islands are in
destitute circumstances. On Wadnie
law and Edisto Islands many who are
cultivating land lor themselves would
be compelled to ubandon their crops
wero it not lor the provisions furnish
ed them by the planters. Last season
irovcriiliient rationsand clothing were
issued to most ot the negroes wno were
working lands on their own account,
with tho understanding that they
should afterwards pay for tho supplies,
furnished, out of tho crop. But none
of tho outlay thus incuned has been
repaid. We found on inquiry that
some few of tho frredmen raised good
crops,and could easily have reimbursed
the government for the supplies provid
ed lor them.biit most of them were
swindled out of all they made by a gang
of white sharpers who.pretcndingto be
their friends, set up little stores pro
vided with sweetmeats, cheap jewelry,
and worthless articles of dress, with
which they plundered these poorcrea
tures of their hard earnings. The
same class of persons who thus do
Handed tho freedmen last year have
mado extensive preparations to secure
this season's crop by t he same mca.is.
Wa found a number of theso stores on
Edisto and Wadmclaw Islands, and
mention one case as an example.
This is on a farm rented and cutiva
tcd by Mr. Underwood, of Boston,
Massachusetts.
worked by Mr. Unerwood is that of
W T-..l-f . I .
air. jeiiKins, on which a very oppos
ite mode of treatment is pursued. The
freed people hero weic working three
days of tho week for wagos.fifty cents
a task paid in corn at two dollars
a bushel, and bacon at twenty-five
cents jwr pound, with other articles at
proportionate prices, and during the
remaindertif tho veek they wero al
lowed to cultivato for themselves as
much land as they could manage, the
land being given them by Mr. Jenkins,
free of rent.
On the Bayward plantation, on
Edisto Island, tho following circum
stances wero brought to our knowl
edge. This farm lias been cultivated
by freedmen on their own account,
partly undThnd grants.partly with
out. On tho 12th of May last, when
the crop w.is being hoed, a man from
lv York named Holton came on
the farm with a squad of colored sol
diers under charge of a sergeant, and
compelled tho frecdmen to contract
with bun to cultivate the land lor his
benefit. What the exact terms of the
contract wero none of the frecdmen
with whom we conversed seemed to
know. Somo believed they were to
get a third of tho crop, whilo others
stated they were to pay five dollars a
month for their cabins. Mr. Holton
was not on the plantation nt the time
of our visit, and we wero, consequent
lv unable to ascertain the naturo of
tho contract, 110 copy having bren left
with tho freedmen. We called the
attention of tho Assistant Commiss
ioner to tlio complaints of tho freed
men on thi? plantation.
Chaplain French, Bureau Mision-
nry, and tho l?ev. C. L. Bradwell
fcloro.h, of EJisto Island, stated to
! us that similar occurrence had taken
place on t!io plantation rented by
lrcntleman recenth mustered out of
the United Slates army, whero tho
freedmen, after planting their crops
had been dispossessed, and forcibly
compelled to sign acotilract a squn
of colored soldiers bavins been used
lor that mirpose.
While on LMisto Island, wo visited
the Eddings plantation, which is be
ing cultivated by freedmen exclusive
ly, working under tho direction of one
ol their own number, a superintend
ent chosen by themselves. Here the
pcoplo aro apparently doing well,
and havo a fair prospect of a good
crop. This, however, is almost the
only insUrieo we met with on any c f
tho islands, where tho frecdmen, cul
tivating exclusively for themselves
without white duet tion, wero doing
even tolerably well.
Wo visited other plantations besides
those above named on Edisto and
Wadmelaw Islands, but mention theso
only as a fair index of the condition of
man had a most prejudicial influence
on the freedmen, and placed them for
a time entirely bcj'ond the control
of tho Assistant Commissioner for
Geortria. On his first visit to the
island, General Tilson discovered that
nromnt action was necessary in the
interests of the frecdmen themselves,
for tho lands were lying uncultivated,
and they wero not far removed from
absoluto want. ' With much difficulty
ho obtained a hearing from them, and
succeeded in restoring order and get
ting them to work, and abolishing the
tbsiird form of government establish
ed by Campbell. General Tilson as
certained that of tho whole number
of land grants on tho island, seventeen
only were valid, lheso grants cov
ered five hundred and fifteen acres,
and were scattered all over the island.
He consolidated them, so as to occupy
ono section of the islaud only, leaving
the remainder for cultivation ly the
owners. There aro at present 025
freedmen on tho island ; of these 147
aro working for Messrs. Winchester
and Schuyler, of ew York, who
havo rented a part of the Walburg
plantation, and the remainder are cul
tivating land on their own account
Tho 147 freedmen working for Win
Chester and Schuyler have planted
530 acres of cotton and lift ol corn ;
the 475 freedmen working for them
selves have planted only 200 acres of
cotton and 20U acres ot corn
From St. Catherine's wo went to
Sapelo Island, cultivated exclusively
by Messrs. Dickson and McBrido.
The freedmen hero aro working the
land for two thirds of tho crop, and.
so far as we could perceive, wero well
treated and cared lor, and will make
money if they can bo protected from
the bad influence of unprincipled men
who came amongst them last year
with a permit from Captain Ketchnm,
Bureau agent under General Saxton,
bought their cotton at ten cents a
pound in the seed and paid them main
ly in whiskey. This vicious man has
exerted such an evil inflnenco over
the freedmen as to make them dissat
isfied with an exceedingly liberal
contract.
On St. Simon's Island thero are
eighteen valid land grants encumber
ing four plantations. Thcro aro be
tween fivo and six hundred freedmen
tne amount due to mem, which cer
tificates they still hold, but for which
they aro unable to get either rice or
money.
All tho freed people of this colony
were supplied during the season with
government rations, which were to be
paid lor out of their crops.
Wo wero informed by the Bureau
officers of tho Department that nono
of these rations have ever peen repaid.
a very considerable crop of rice was
mado by the frecdmen, and Mr. Tiffa
ny, tho agent, afterwards advertised
sixty thousand bushels of it for sale.
General lilson, who had in tho in
terim assumed command of the Bu
reau for Georgia, seeing the advertise
mentjOrdcrcd tho sale to be suspendod,
and notified Mr. Tiffany that oiily
bonded oflicers were authorized to sell
government property. What dispos
ition was eventually made of the rice
crop, or who received tho profits of it,
we were unable to ascertain. Mr. TifJa
ny,shortly after this, retired; whether
voluntarily or otherwise, can only bo
determined by records, which are not
within our reach. Many ot the freed
peoplo became disheartened, Volun
tarily abandoning their land-grnt,
and are now working under contracts
for the owners of the land, or tho per-
I J .1 . 1 '
suns w no u.ive renieu tne plantations
from land owners. We have mention
ed these particular cases as indicating
the condition ol tho lreed men occupy
ing the Sea Islands and the coast un-
der Gen. Sherman's order.
Our personal observations of tho
evidence we havo taken, and tho in
quiries we have been obliged to mako
to Bupply the place of records, have
convinced usthst the condition of the
frecdmen of theso settlements, whilo
in charge of General Saxton, was such
as to give but littlo hope that, under
tho policy pursued by that oflicer.they
would ever have becomo self-supporting,
even with the fertile lands on
which they wero located, placed at
their disposal free of rent or taxes.
Tho failure of General Saxton's ad
ministration resulted, from a variety
of causes, among which may bo cnum
crated :
Tho unnecessary continuance of
government support to tho freedmen,
which tended to increase their natural
Arenmnamed bv General Scott, we things rencrally on those islands.
stoopped on this plantation and inves-1 There aro no land grants nndor
. .i l.A ,.ni;i .,riV, ft.oA.lmnn fl.infrnl Shnrmnn'a order on Port lov-
Ifr l LIU LUC Vllim nwiiviuvvvv.tn... . ......... - -- J
TLov xrera workintr bv the "task." al Island, but tho freed people hold
Aub. - - - n j ' ...
improvidence, and to encourage habits
of idleness.
Keeping them under such guardian
ship and tutelage that they were dis
ciplined to mako proper exertions lor
their support,or improvement. Teach
ing them to distrust all whito men,
but thoso who had immediato control
over them, or who camo among them
with passes from the Freedmen's Bu
renu, thus preparing them to fall an
easy prey to the sharpers, who after
ward obtained access to them under
the guise of friendship, took advan.
tago of their credulity, and fraudu
lently appropriated theircrops. Their
inexperience in providing for their
own support in managing business for
themselves.
It is not in tho power of Generals
Tilson and Scott, until a crop has been
raised under their own respective
administrations.to materially improvo
tho condition of the freedmen on tho
Sea Islands, although theso officers
havo effected salutary reforms in tho
habits of tho blacks and in their dis
position to labor, and havo been in-
1-1 iximnnt ol in Mmrtrinit frmn thnil
on the island, most of whom aro work-, m of lhe Rbgunl i(Uag which
ing for wages, aro well fed and appear ha(J bpen instil)t(, Rmm them. Idle
to bo perfectly contented. Ontwoorncs9) discorJ( nml bitlcr prejudico
tho plantations they aro working ,nst the white reOp0 fitin cxi9t.
without formal contracts, but we were Tho cxlnt l0 which they were do
assured that these freedmen relied i(cj bv tl,o few while men who had
confidently on being fairly dealt with j,,,, with them j, alrnost in.
by their employers Our vls.t to this credib,3- Amon lho evidcnc0 takcn
inland sat.shed us that tho freedmen . f,fcmico t0 lhcir condition, and
there wero doing exceedingly well. rhkh bpRr8 dirocUy on lhe point is
or.EEC.iEERivi.RSKTTU.MEST. I llie 6tatcmen of a distinguished gon
Th.s settlement, embracing or.g-..cra, officeP whoWM in command of a
naly several freed people the largest di8lrict embracing a part of tho island,
colony on the coast under General M(1 whoM sUtement was as follows :
Sherman s order, was last yer under, ,;jM.lr-li6(Cl of. di..
ine Control Ol too Jvev. VJ. Alliunj, uiet wbl,h rroUo u Iliu)dwr
which is procisely tho manner in aud are cultivating a considerable an agent of the Bureau appointed by ineiixM. Tb? m than. 9 t turmoil,
r