.riv " mv 1
f 4
Hit
f Wit
f ' 1 . 4 . ' '"
II
W. MOORE. U,ltn
PRINCIPLES, not MEN.
TERMS-$1 23 per Aiihnr . if paid in tiv.T,'t
n i : w i: 1 1 1 k.v vol. ii i. no r.
VOL XXXIII. WIIOl.K NO 17-13
CI.KAI.KIKL1), PA WEDNESDAY, JAN. 21, (:G3
ft Mi IT
1
IT T
EXTRACTS FROM THE MESSAGE
OF GOV. SEYUOUK of NEW YORK
Tho Constitution makes it my duty to
? communicate to you tho conditi in of the
' Stale. I cannot do thi without (peaking
' .l .n. I mint, injl AF httt link tVniiu
our country, and which t!ct tho ex
tended commerce of New York, taxes nil
iU pursuits ; has taken more than 1WH), 000
workmen from our wotknlmpii and fields;
ufi'l has carried moiimiug into tljo hornet
o our citizens. J he tfenius of our govern
ment, imd the interest, of our people de
mand ti'iit lL aspect, of this war thou Id
be Ciseussed with entite fieedom. Not
only is the National life at stake, but ev
er) per-onid, every family, every sacred
interest is involveM. Wo must grapple
Willi 1 he great pJeHtinn of the day; we
must con iron t the dangers of our position.
J hii truths ol our fiuuiicial and military
i.Hft!f)ti mut not he kept buck. There
tnu?t li no ntlcmi't to ul down the full
vxitessiou ofnublie ojiinicn. It mutt by
V."':'An uh'l hcntli-d, !'.: euril'ii t'he "',vcri
lijent to uiitnutje j ubli niiairil wiih kuc
cub. There i. a yej'.rning dtiaire among
our peoi'l'i to le.nn tlieir aetuul ronJiiiun.
'i'hey d'Ui:ind fr4' dmcu-si'ui. 'i'liiit shoul I
Le eundueie'J in an einct, thoughtful,
1'iitriotie Birit. 'i'lie aolenuiity of the oc
casion, and thtf kutltrin' of tlio war,
hiiul.J revive tie virtue, tlie intelligence,
uud the jmli iolifui (f the AiueriiMu eo
pie. 'Ihe decay of the have brought
.ur ctihimitit upon u. There are now
i0 c:iu-es for diM'Oid that have not aU'ayi
xisled in our eountiy, and weie uot tell J
h) our tatheis in lutuiiitK the t'tiieii.
They had thf ri-lue, the uiaUHiuiidty,
and htue ( cotupioimu) and d tjut
thvtii, Tl e vulue of the Ui.ion U.y ttien
fonne 1 ha-, pioved to Le greater tii-li Uu V
imped. Vet wa Uef.uie inditV .em t; it
when tve were iu thu lull enjo) moi.t of uk
bleshiuy. We Ucmr ijjimt t ol ihi
harniter rtid rt-eoiineii of our own coun
try turn, while we Lad the full heiu tits of
an ui.dHiiiuieKu cuniDieire w ith all tu'i
lions ol our land. It wavwhen the tuut J
wan nstoiii.-'L' d with the power and weultL
'lowii'f: out of c ur Nnliotiul Union, Uiut
.ectionid prejudiers and patsioiHi were ax'
live in deUv)ii(! fi uu ui.il nfiv'ctiai s and
eneious luv otour cnuntiy. While wo
t nfited iuih( (t our intelligence, there
were tin .' e. -iU nlly and Uuoraimly en
japed, tlnou;h the pre, and in leyisl.
tive hnlU. in teaching th i people of the i
North i.n 1 Ihe .Vuth to undcrva'uo and
depise. alh other. HoMiJe jrnjii...;. ..
and the divi-i n of our ahurcho ieipa't I j
reli;iou aud uflnl int reoorse, ll'Ui
Noiih ii d the S'iuib h.id understood tli ;
power i. d ii.ipoff of ea'h othr, our
contention would h tve been ailjWkled. ,
Tliin mi-Bj f i ( ht n.sion. mi t,.xdy and tei t
riblft iu i- ettW-t. w;m svbleinaiically and
laboroUHly ii:enl;ated.
(.'m..( j of Mi H'ur. i
Affrighted (it th ruin thfy have
wrought, the a'ltboiji of our caltttx.ities at
the North tnd South int that this wur
was catiHl ly nn nnavcUhd le contest
about Shivery. 'This l.a been the aid ject,
not ti e rr.meof cpi.ti'Ovpvy. Weliave to
Joe h fur the eau-es of thin war in a pur
vadinp difref.'!iid of the obligations of hiw
and constitution , : in di-irspect for con
stituted aull.oiitiiti ; and. above ull, in the
loel prejudice which have giown wp in
two portions of tho Atlantic Slates, the
two extreme of our eountiy, whoio re-,
mote position have linwie them les eon-;
i-ideiaie, with regard to tho condition :ind j
eharaeter ol our whole peoi le, than those .
Iivitu; in the eieut cential and western
sections of our Union. There is no hon-1
est ttnifiiient of our diHieultiw which
does not teach that our people tuust re
form th'-niM !, a" well as the conduct of
the Government and the policy of our ru
ler. There i not u calamity we are mf
feiini which a not clearly foretol4 by
our I'utheiK, as the remit of the ptisfions
and local prejudices which have, grown up
during the pa-.t fifteen yeaia.
It is not loo late to tave our country if
we will enter upon the f-nered duty iu the
right t-pint in and tho right wnj." When
wo do ?o, the effect Kill le. cocn find felt
throughout our hind, and by the civilized
world. We. kIiu'i! Ihen atrenthen our gov
ernnienl ; we Khali weaken the rebellion ;
we shall unite our people ; and the world
will rcengnue ourcipaiity lor self goverm
nienl.w hen we. 'jo th:it we are capable
t aelf-ref.jrr...
'lcsvl or I.vts and Kukri.
In tho first place n o must eniulnte tho
conduct of our Fathers, and show obedi
ence to constituted authorities, and ro
epect lor legal and coustitutionul obliga
tions. "The very idea of the power and
right of the paople to establish Govern
ment, presuppose the duty of every in
dividual to o'oey the established (ieverm
went." Yetaepiritof disobedience has
tupped the loumUtioii of Municipal, State
und National authority in eveiy part of
our land. It is not only tho underlying
and pervad'ng cause of iho war; it is aUo
the iinujediate occasion of our calaniilies.
When tho Waders ol the insurrection at
4ho extreme South eaj that Tree and Slave
states c.mnot exist together in thu Union,
iind when this is echoed,froru thecxtretna
North by the enemies of tho Constitution,
iwtb Jiarties aiinply say they eunnotl.es
cause tiiey i)l not, respect the laV3 and
Iho Constitutioii. J hi spjrit ol disloyalty
must lid out down. It u inconsistent
with ull aocial order and social security j
with safely of persons and property.
In cider lo uphold our Government, u
js also necessary Unit we tliouia fcnow re
poct to tho authority of our rulers. While
acting within tho limits of their juii-Jic
Hon, and reptf renting tho interests, the
honor, and inedibility of our pCjdc, they
are entitled lo defence. Where it is their
fight to rlecido upon measures an J policy,
it is our duty to obey and to give a ready
support to their decisions. This is a vital
maxim of liberty. Without thi byoliy.i
ud rQTSi8?ot 6,0 on''uet public ihiri
w ith nudes, no pioplo can bo fufe in the
employment of tl,e,r rights. This duty
ITu,!Hrly ,?,ro"t' ""'T c-ur systeo,.
which gives tho peoj.le n right at their
election to s.t in judgment upon their ru,
ere, to commend or condemn them, t,,
keep them in, or compel them from olli
cial stations,
This war should hnve e,n averted ;!
hilt wliPit la flnml-mtlo mm ir.i.i,..,! II...
, j . , , , 1 ,
nuuiiiiisirniion eouiu nm grasp rs uir-ieii.
sions nor control its atveep. Goverr inent ,
nn, u-.miu nilillKUJ UiC IU1 mil, BMU Bll U'
gied as it be-l could with tho resistless
tide. few seemed to comprehend iW
ojihtary or financial problem". Hence
we lire not toil in harsh judgment unon
eirors in conduct or policy.
i.ut while we concetto ull these excuses
for mistaken, we uie not lo adopt errors,
nor sanction vi.ilution rd principle. 'The
sauie causes wuieh extenuate I heir faults
iu judgment, must make us moro vit'ilatit
to guard against t'ueir inlluenoes, Unu
sual dtingerj do'.uonu unusunl virijnce,
Economy and Intejrify.
r.fSnoruy and integrity in the adminis
traiiou ol utliiirs uru essentiul at ull limes :
ihey uie vital iu periods of war. If the
puner of the IVou.e losustuin the expens-
tsol war is Irokeu down, it i vain tint
wa liave 4tit our citizens into tlio neld,
and thai they have shed their blood
Lijsupportea eitoru to save our country. T,19 ol,iations which rest upon the
Ihe opportunities which a state of war j Stntes l0 les,,ect the Constitution, law.
gives to unpnueipled men to prey upon j RlJ authoi.ilios 0f (ieneial (iovern
the public treasury, and the dilhculty ot I , ..,, ,1 ,iltt ,1,0 i.,,,,.,-.,! c.nv.
ciieeKiu ineir scueuies, must, no norne in .
m.iiu, wuau wejungu 01 iuo iimiity ol i pi
our ruieis. uai wnue inoje ouneuiiieB - (atcs
boulU.hield theui f-otu harsh judgmentj' To State legislation and authorities, we
they are additional reason br n-ilanco ( jook for Ul - (,,le. o( h0l,.it.,yi Ul0 ,,e.
and c-iuUoii. It is ui the nature ol war . CIH h , ,lul .. 0.)(.r,v, the protection
lo.cicatepowe. lui hnuncml ond ambitious , ( f h(jM, aIlll all ,-J14t U i.ciiest and
"ilertsL.vugcl toprok)i,titsdurlioii. 1 1 .s jt,.iu,!it to u, in Uie Imiom.. duties and
one ol Us chiel Jangeri tuat it Lu.hU up an : M,niol,g ol it(1. v jH dangerous and de
active cass who gum power and Wealth , niurA ilUil tohh(.vv contempt for State uu
l y meuaution m.poHd up..n to- labor , UlrtI.itilJb !vAS. Jt uudoi mine, ahke
und property ol tho uias, ol euiens.-; (ho ,vul!lUtis 0f State mid National
this orgmucd class u,e tbe N iliouul . yoveiuut nt, by facaking up the ocnd
luxury lo.ua port tie soheti.e, ol pluu !,,v,u.m. lt home law ure uoL respected,
u.ror umbiuou. und the taxes wrung . tho ,u0l.w gtilu.tA llutborily will not be re
li'oui tbt people uve thus made to prolong , ,,iu j(,j
lhfi -W.it e. til' war u lid nidi till' V cot ern men I. !
The poivcr Of our rulers to avert tbeso in-
UiK'i.cee must Le aided and .trengthened
ky tho most ample exposition of linanciul
ullaiis.
Lxtnivncduce and corruption are viola-1
' C .
lidiis 01 me luiiu pit-ugcu 10 iue puuus
ciediiois. The money loaned the Nation ,
. r .1 .. . I ...I ..... I . ...It:-
al Trea-niv wss not brought forwuid at ll
1 ol 1, wick ai:d eonIiaenc. but iu a
time of doubt uud danger. These claims ' only within the pheie of hostile niove
uie held by the rich and poor. The ivl n.eiits. where other kuv tivnnot be en fore
mounts cwiivd by eorpotutions represent ( ed, but also over our whole hind. I hat
the ill crests of tvouieu and children, the, at his pleasure he can di-r.-g :ird not only
agwl and infirm. Tho right of our sol- j the statutes ot Confess, but the decisions
diers to demutid economy and integrity is ' of the Na'.i' oal J ud.e-.nry . Unit in loyal
oftU most sucted character. Ne'vor in StutM Hie lex-t inleU-geiit das. ol ottieiais
thehiidoiy of the world Lavo amies of may u clothed with lower not only to
such tiutubeis been made up ol those wh iluct as spies and in! umers, but also, with
voluntarily lift prosperous puis.uits and ' out dux procCs. of hr.v, to seize and nn
haj.pv boniis to iull'er the dangers and prison our citizens, and cany tlittn be
privations of war. When defeat or do yond tiia limits of tbe State, to hold thcrii
iuuetion ol hie by violence or disease in prisons without a hearing or a know!
thinned the ranks of our armies, they edo of the ollences with which they arc
promptly and Treily stepped fjiward to charged. Not only tho passions mid pie
the rescue of the country', flag. A fear, 'judices of these inferior agents lead tuem
ful crime will bo done by thoso who shall to act. ol tyranny, but their interests are
sutler Natioiiul bankruptcy lo turn into . advanced and their positions seemed by
dust and ushi. tho pensions and bounties ruomoiing discontent and discoru. Kven
thus gained ut tho co-t of blood and to ask the aid of ounsel has been held to
health uud exposure. These pensions bo au ollouce. It has bejii ivdi said that
in ,.,.. v m.p h the sole reliance of "to bo arrested for one know- not what;
thoe thus made uicannhle Ol sell Mii"
port
1. i. ... ,l,l n i:,ir.nm,inl olioiild
lb, 3,, tlJUkt vv.tv,..,v.,w
l.anverliirned Iw COrril Iltioil thllU bv V'io
lenee. A virtuous people will regain
their lights if toin from them, but lh( re
is uo hone for those who sutler corruption j
' . . a .1 I-.' ...
to sup
und rot awav I lie laiirie 01 iuir .
freedom.
r. ,.'( ..,. r,t 7....r
j others for Iue our exctoe ol I he i gh . c.
There are uot only obligation rating discussion. Ci.i.cious of th-.-e jro dubu
upon our p.eople toward our authorities, ' sftff a attempt i .-.s le -'o nvai i to sl iel I
but under our political system, there are tho violators of iau kimI .u; ras i.,p.,ry
limitations between tho departments f jnt0 their motives m d cmduct. Tliioat
tho Government, and between tho State t uij.it will fail. Ucoourlauiionid acts
and. National Governments, which must c,ltlaot be shielded oy uueoiotiuitio!i.d
bo ob.erved lo secure the public safety. aws. Such attempts will not save the
At this time these warning, words of cuiltv. while they will brin f. j'ist con-
Washington have peculiar significance :
'lU. of
a"'n
"' 0
'It i important, l:kwisf, mat mo nnoin,
tliitikioj in a free country ilioulj inspire cauti,,
1Q llioio uiiurunu) won 11.0 ...".., w
1 :.l,: ,,...'.. ..,n.Mli n,,n. 1
iSTZnai .Th." -vuijing. I. th.'iieV.!.. cf ,
tlio puwors ol one dvparliaeut, to enoaroacu up-,
on the other. Tbe spirit of ciichroiioliin.int temls
to conioliJate the puwerj of all the departments
in one, and thus to create, whatever the form of
eovcrnmout, a real dospotisiu. A just estimate j
which predomiiiHtcj in the liurnnn hfart, Is mf- rebellion have fotfeiled, but, I deny that,
lj cient to latisfy uo of il.o truth of this position." . ibis rebellion can suspend a single riizht
The Legislative, Executive and ,ludi-1 0( citizens of loyal Suites, 1 denounce
cial Department ate co-ordiuate. It is ' n10 doctrine that civil war in the South
equally treasonable lo resist the rightful j ukea awr.y Rom the loyal North tho ben
authority of either. To overthrow the 1 eli ta of one principle of civil liberty,
power of .ither Dopartinunt is revolution, i u is a Li Cl ial0 tlJ abduct a citizen of
Legislative right, h.xeculive power and, state. It is i.ude my duty by iho
Ju.i.oiul Independence are alike sacred. -.niitution to e that tho laws tiro en-
Disregard tor the limits ol Slate and Na :
tional iun'sdietions. and the interference
ot on,, Denait men t with tue duties ol an
other, are not only opposed to Uie genius !
and ornanir. ition of our civil government, !
, ... ...r.. - .j .i: ..." i
uu, nicy nan. uauseu uianann ,o hi. vuu.
tui'iiii momir, !
Uilethe War Depailment set asiao ,
the authority of the Judiciury, and over !
riaesn.a law. oi .Mates, me uovernors oi
Male, meet lo shape the policy of i
General Government, the National Login ,
latuio appoints committees to interfere;
rides the law. of States, the Governors oft.
iritb the military conduct of the wiir, and j
Senators combine to dictate the
hxeou.
tive choice of constitutional adviser.
1 he ,
natural result, of moddUng and intrigue other States or
have foil .vted. hi ; our armies bw.,;. , 1 oul of l0 fnmo
gained Victoria m fiei.U remote from .cb,roclcr,uron every t-Vinciple of right'
Capitol, within iU influence tho heroic I tid i sti
valor of our soldiers and tho skill of our 'n.,..3,' ' .., -. , ,,r.!o'
valor 01 our soiuiers ano ino .k u o, our Q , 0overnnunt bss alr,I0
General are thwarted and paralysxd. powers to establish courts, to appoint olli
Stale Jlyhts. ms t0 Brr05t, and commissioners to hear
Not ODVy mutrt the National Constitui complainu, and to imprison upon reon-
lion be held inviolate, but Ihe right of able gr minds of stiM,j,.j,,,, . n j,,,);
Stales ,ut ho respected as not le,s sa-! ci.d sys.en,, i full d undisturbed ,Ter-
ered There ..re ,l,lh r nees of opinion M ..,. J own courts, held at convenient
to the dividing line between Male and points in this and other Val li;v
National jurisdin.ions but there cm be open for tbe henring ol airromphiiols -
'none to the existence ,.f soJi se.:,rf,'.o , it its mo not ample r punish-
jui isd,etioi,s, e.uli covrimg nii.jo.is ol , n.eul of o;!enes, it is bie to the neglect
1 leg -ifiun und ju. i: piinlei.,: ,aen.:d to ; ol I iiese in power,
the pi.biic srtui ,ly ,md w.li.ue. A con-j ioermcnt is net Mrengthenod hv the
c,,l . I. .,l f in , ,., . r... .,,, 1 .1....I . p'.i 5 i ... i. . .
j
wotiia (t.nioy me ..eiiiini lemiesrints
ami liberties of tho pcple. I'ua sover-
Ml ,11, I'!H, , ,.(.C't 11. IliCV 11 1
'lunin - d by tin- ( '01. -.million, can nevrr be
given up. Wiihutu them our govern
uient cannot s'.iiol. it was made 'ind it
Ci n be changed l. hlato agency. This is
hiiuwn 17 1110 luiiun mg j isiuns 01 1110
instrument itself
Tlio r '.itifii'.itein of tliu
Con ven timis of nine
Ftatos sliith 1)0 mriiclrnt to tlio est:,lji.-lnnf nt of
this Coliailutiuii tetwecu tlio yialu.s iu ratiljiui;
tho sumiv
Again, threc-fout lbs of the Siules can
add to or take away from the powers of
the General Government, by demanding u
convention in which amendments can be
i proposed, which, if :utiheld by three
! 1,11. nlia fit' ihe Slat . become runts of the
Uonbtit u tiiin.
J unii'iiw.i. mn thus take nwav or add
tQ u 0W(- , u. (i.meral Govei mnent can
I to its power,
I in no wuv touch one right of the Stutes 01
iivk,l.) ttn.ir turisil iel ion.
t,luu,P(, bi,u
show euual respect for the
ts uud constituted authorities of
...-.y
Uur people have therefore viewed with
til.n m, practices and piUetilions on the
IpHrl o! ollicial-, which violate every prin-
cinle of gooil order, of civil liberty, and o'.
At, ,1 rrttt
11 I.:.. I .1..
constuutioiiai i.,. u is ci.uiiieu m il in
timu of vfar, the fresilent bus powers n.-
( 'nnmend.,,: in,( 'hief or oiir arm its. which
authorize liau to declare iliafUlI Ciw
to l.e connueu
no (.ne
1 ntiile
1 to r,-k
where : to be tried, no one can say when,
In- 11 liHV IKI'.vbelH kll'jWIl Or Ctiillll
.oil :
i-ial.
.. .......
Ol' tO lillgef OUt life ill U Ceil W ll hlill
presents u body ol t luuny which cannot
he enlaigeu.
The siipj ic'r ion of joiirn.'d.s and tie.
... . ...... .... 1. ....... l.,n-,i i'I'i.'
mi-
nrisonnieni oi n sen-. ,.,,- " . ..
1 ly partisan, uilo.vn
t) t'Ollle
till! UtOlO.sl
1
; licentiousness ol c.
nee nliousiicssoi c.iiic.-ui,
1 10 .lUa,
demuation upon those who try iu perven
the powers of legislation to the purposes
'of oppression. To justit'y susii action by'
1 precedents ilr.nvn from the practice oi
demuation upon those who try to pervert
1
IirCCUU
governments where there is no restraint
upon legisiaiivt: iu n, r:,n .
uud, r our syslem, which re.itr.dn.i the
Government and protects the citizen; l y
w,.jtton Constitutions.
, . . ... B, . .
1 shail not enquire wtiai rigum nue-, m
f,,1.(,,,j i si1hh iv,.stigate every alleged
,,,, irln , ,,- tt ,,,, nn.l see that of-
........ i,,.,.,,,,!,, m t.wtina Shn.:if t.nsl
jjJistriffc Attorneys arc admonished thai it
,,,;r ,,,., ,A ,,.i.n r,,, .i,,,, ,-,
" ""tJ " ".
. . . . respective counties nr nn-
t.rl.nnp, . nor carried
by force beyond
. . : ... ,;iKn,ii. ,1 r.rnee.i nf b-al
'ti,a n,in.'i io 1. inland oi
..er(I0n, chnri-ea itli otlenco, away (Vol
;heir f. icuds, their witnesses and mean
f d f(?noe Wll3 0e ol iho acts of tyrann
f , . , w MWle& our independenct
" V ,,. ,1 id i I It vtfsvn(in litVikV ('..mi
' . ... . . . ... i
.ii...,:. 'ftf -itin from this State
.,0.,i ,.,H flP(. done
. ,..,,:, , v..m niHiie hund'f is
v ,v i vi.- -wi.iM.ui ,. cis, out ny n wise
j an I ent lyiio exei linn ol those hieii aid
nicoiiteblil.lo. Tho Connor eonrso never
I ill S lO l'rOdlll'A fllsefir.
, suspicion and
it. spiies respeet
; distrust, wijle thu hiiter
iiki.ri .((.
I his loyul State,
tvhoso laws, whose
courts, and whoao ollieets leive thus been
iie.iteii witti iiiirkeil ami j.ublic contempt,
.uu nuiw Miuiiiiurui'i' nru sacnci rignts
have been violated, was ut lliat veiv lime
"ending I, nth grt-U nriniea to protect the
Nulioiial Capitol, and to fave the Nation
id otlii i.i'.s from ll ght or capture. Il was
while the arms ol New York thus shelter
ed them against rebellion, that, without
consultation with its chief magistrate, a
subordinate depailment at Washington
insulted our people und invaded our
rights. Against tuese wrongs and ou'ra.
ges the people of trie State of New York,
ut its late election, solemnly protested.
The Huhtnitsion of our people to these
abu.-es, for a time only, was mistaken tit
homo uiui ubrond for nn indillereiieo to
their liberties. Hut it was only in a spirit
of respect for our institutions, that they
iv uiied until they could express their will
in the manner po mod out by our laws.
At the late election they vindicated at
once their regard for law and their love of
liberty. Amidst all the confusion of civil
war, they calmly sat in judgment upon
the administration, voting against its can'
didales. Nor was this the only striking
proof ol respect for the Constitution, The
minority, ol nearly e,inil numbers, j lehb
t.d to tins decision w ithout resistance, al
though the cnuvn-s wns animated by
strong pa..ti-,in excitements. Thi.i culm
assertion ofriglits.aiid this honorable .-ub
Uii-ii. 11 to the verdict of Ihe ballot, tox,
vindicated at oueo the character ol our
people and tno stability of out in-litu-tious.
Jfad the secessionists ol the South
f.t .... :t.l...l 1 1 ' ..
imusjinnni 1,1 eousumuonai decisions,
I tllt?y woulli .h:iv'' hftve'1 theniiolve. and
; our country lr,.m thu horrors ol this war,
I ul;c' t!l(,y w,ju,i ,l:,vc 1'Hind tho same rem
ietl.v I,jr evt"ry " ro"s? ani1 ungr.
. r
Mariia! Law,
Tho c'a:m of power under mnrtiid law
State-, but 'it ovei thtows the Kgislative
und judicial depnrtuienis of the inneral
Uovernmeiit. lt inserts for the Tresident
nore pL-wer as the head of the army, than
as :i repres, nl.'.ivc tiller of the people. -
Tl.ii cia'.in has brought discredit upon "s
in Hit esc:- ot the world. 1 1 has sMeii;:' :i
eneil t'ue hopes of rcbi.llion. It has weal;
find the coiilidtnce of loyal State;. It
lend? to destroy thu value of our Governs
uionl in thu minds of our people. Ulead,
lo dis.cord and discontent fit the Noith,
wniie it bus united and invigorated the
.'Olitll.
lftheieis ii necessity which j tis t i fi
that policy, let us openly and hone.lly
sty tt'ieiu is a necessity which ju.-tilies n
revolution. Hut this pretension is not
put loi lii as a neces-iiy which overleajis
loi time all restr.iiiil, and which is jus
iitied by a great exigency ; it is a theory
which exults ihe tuilitaiy power of the
i'resident above his civil and constitution
al rig'.its. ll as-eits thai ho may in his
di.-ei'et.on decline war, and then ex I in
guisli the Stato and N'ionul Coustitu.
i.ons l.y drawing the pull of maiiiul law
ovt r our vast eountiy,
"M.i.l.iI i.i v" ie lines itself to be a law
whor.
.r is. It liirir.s its own jurisdic
ti. i by its very ie:ru. 15.it tins new aiM
.-i '."ig's d 'c'riue lioldiihal the loyal Norlh
lost uu-ir cm ditutional right: w het, the
:-.uln r. belled, and all aic now goveritsd
b; a ur.ii'.iry dict.itiiil. Loyally i., thus
l.'s.- t.e.iire jlcin rebellion, lor it stands
v. it!:out means to resist outrages or to re
seat l; va.iiiy. Anii.Kt, ull too honors that
have been ci. iel.ed under martial hi a-in
the history of iho world, and amidst nil tin
justifications a1 tempted of Us u.-ages, it
Wiis nevr belore held that it could bo ex
tended over p'MCL'Uu .suites. Il was never
before claimed that the power of a milita
ry commander was superior to the powers
of government.
More than t'.vo eenlui ies since, that bold
defender ot Lnglish liberty, that honest
and independent Judge, Lord Coke do.
cluied: "Where courts ol law are open,
marital law cannot be executed," uml also
that "the power that is above the la.v is
unfit for the Ming lo u-k or uj to giant."
Are English I uvj more sacred, or i, L;ig
lisli liberty more secure than ours?
It was otic of the c.tu-es set forth in the
Declaration oflndependtii.ee, for renoun
eing allegiance to tho Kiii, of Knglaiid,
"that Lt has u fleet I to .. nder the uniit'
nrv lndeoeli leut i.i. and s; terior to tiie
" .. .. . .. ..... i . ..
civil power. j'uring, luo bliuggie ior
t.at' .'nid life, although sui rounded by ei.to
nnc;. spies, und inlornieis, who uin
h
iU pieunsions of l..o crown, u-Luiioo
neve: declared uiai li.il law or clainied ine
..,..
ri
'ht under 'in-
cirt'UiiislaiiCes to make
I the military suj
rior to the civil nut . ci i
i.itv, he was most defer
Itr. The leeling of ihe
i tv. On Ult: u
i enti.d to the
! Fat hi is on this , Li
t cn
best be h um
I l.v i hi, loiistilnlions. wulCii wei e lorui
lli'.'i ,,l V" '. ---- '
runny idly the tncu who -i:d'ii.-iiwi our Na
h.nce t.i.rii Government; all oi Gniin nan pio-
! visions iuconsUiont with Miis now ud
monstrous pretension.
Massachusetts, New Iu:nps!iii e, Con
..ecticuv, Delu.a, e Mary. I, North Car
olina and South Ca.elim,, eigul ol the
twdvc States w ..el, o.iiudi, .mine ,iP
our Union, explicitly dedoeil Unit the
isditurv power Miould in u'.i ca-'s, r1 :i-J at
lailitary power mouiii in u.i ca- 's, ?:
i.i 1 times. Le heid iu exact Mio.iioin.uion
tn the civil authority, und Lo L'ovuued ty
it. This wMexpreMod in each Consiitu-
:.. , i . i r i i.
're, ,1 o l. t IVo,. e w ,' hel. the",
view-, and who w, re Lions of their lib, ',.
tie ; d win, Urns re-l ,ied to , u h
orti'es ,.,!d,' tS ir i- ,C h.e c ,ntr !
wonld -ive tl, the Cmiin inder of 'lie r'
mv r the United S"ite tl.i. deM.ol'ie Dow,
.,.,.. .,wt.r w icli tie cruet ( f t r t'
' liri'tnin has not ln rn'riin'tte'd to'evtrei'e
.. " "u n pel unit, U l tXtKI.-e
iur ti i Iv two
ntui ie-
Ihe
meaaure of power to be exerciaed
i.imei uur govei nnieiH is uxea i.y tin
Coristitiition, To make the maxims of
other gnvei nnients or the. usages of othei
nations the ru'.e here, would give sanction
to every outrage, tyianny and wrong It
would undo what waa don, ly our lathers
I who formed our government. It
makes
' tho practices
I nh i.f m.m:..
of depoti-ni or the prinei-
by higher nut'ioritiis thai,
the written Con
ititiitinti of our iiepnbl
n , , ... ....
i no uniimiTi'it. uneotitrotieii iie.spoiic pow
er churned under niartial law i- c f itsell a1
iea.-:on w hy it cannot be adriiiuod. The j
fact that it is inconsi-tent with tho pur
poses, spirit, ar.d genius of our institutions, j
is conclusive a;:uinnt the claim set up lor
its control over an extent of country und j
adivcisi'y of int, rents which never exist-j
ed in tJie despotism., or monarchical gov j
emmc'its from which the precedents ure j
drawn to justify it. !
New Yoik and other States constated ;
to make up the General Government only
upon the assurance that the original Con ;
dilution should be so amended .as tote-.
cure more pence! ly the ntits ol Mates
and citizens. These nrtiile, were added
by tbe unanimous vote of the Slate:
Ar.TieLi: 'I. "Tin; riht of tie) pej.lo to se
euro in til ir persons, iiwit'e, tiapers una effeets.
nguint uiirotiM.iiatilf seiirclu's uu I seiuii.., sii.itl
hut bo violiiteJ, uud no warrant slnill Ijc i--uc.l
I n upnii a )l,.il)h causes, aupporlvd by u uli or
nSriiiiiiiou, and purtiuelarly ilosi'riliin.' the plie.'o
'.o ho st arched and t!i" .er..n or tliiiig to Lo sciz
i'd." Ai'.TKi.K i. ''N'.t person he held to .uiiuci
'er h capital or otherai-'S hilaiu.'us crime, ui'k-a
i.n u prtseiiiim nt or imltui"M of n giard i'iry,
uxeept in c:,-cd nr'einjf in the land er nil . ! I T-,
ias, or iu llio rniiiii.i ivlieu in a.'tu.l service in
lime kf war cr puliliu danger " nor
he deprived of l!!e, hberty or pruporiy, without
Jue priccas of law." I
'Ihe want of the-o restraints in the oil
ginul instruuicnt endangered tl? adoptiuu. ;
I'hey were inserted to satisfy the public,
demand. Wo are now told UiNt they uro!
ot no avail, in any part ol our couutiy,;
when tho Executive shall soe. lit tD declare
theie is a w ar r r insurrection in any acc
lion of this land. '
Such T'ei'll-ionu n-a In (.nsli'.-li-ii!..
.141. i ...... ,.ir;. ,,,.
to their sei'.led i
rt nt'
iral e
th...n
led. ft anv ditfor-
ences (if eonstriieticn ! ' po.-sibe, ,.ur Con
stitution I rovi.ies for their ib ter'irna: ion.
I hese ijuestions will b c t:ried before the
proper judicial ttiLuna!:. If the theory
of martial law i--. upheld by them, we will
iiibuiit, and have the Constitution amend-!
ed. If it is held to be unfounded, it must1
bo given up, j
So sacred did cur fathers hold consiitu
tioual rights, that they placed them be-1
yond reach even of a majority cf our peo-
pie. Written constitutions are made not .
jiilv to curry out tbe wishes, but also
to :
restrain the power of majorities, and to
uphold and proted the lights of minori
ties. I hey give tho nunihle.-t citizen the
liL'hl of religious freedom against the
wholo power of our people. Nti mat lor
how Urge a majority :nuy be, it inu-t not 1
intci lerc with rights of jaersotis, of proper- (
ty, or of concieiice.
Tho Tre-i lent bint-elf hoMs his place
not by the will of the majority, but by v ir-,
tue cd the pr;nisions of the Constitution,!
lneh places him in oiiiee, by the votes of'
l.SOD.fluO, against the votes ol about !
tjt.'O.floO, who did not agree uuior.g them-j
seives as to opposing candidalus. II o con-;
t.nues lightlul.y to bold his oiiiee, altho'j
the. popular majoiities, even in the States
which plaeeil him there, have in there-;
cent ch.c iviis declared theiiiscKes poli'.i-'
ca'.ly opi.o: ed to his administration. Tlio,
majority aie still bound to respect his,
constitutional rights, to uphold his poiv
o.s, and to sj-.ti.in bis nets done vvithiuj
too limits of rightful authority.
The rights of States were re-erred, and
tho powers oT tho General Government
were limited, lo protect the poop'., in their
persons, property and consciences, in time
of danger and civil commotion. There is t
littla lo f.'uf in periods of pe.,eu and pros
polity. If we ate not ptJtecled when,
tinman: popular excitements and con.
visions, our Government is a faduic. Il
I'n sident ial l'rocluin.itiiins ure above t he
deei-b'iis of the Couits und the rc-trainta
of the Ci.n.'!.ilution, I lieu the ( 'u:..-1 j : u : i. n
is u mockery. If it has not the authnrny
lo keep thv Executive within its ie-ti tints
then it cannot restrain Slates within tho
Union. Those who hold thu'. theie is
si.netity in ti Coiidit'iti-.u, nui-i . .pv.
hold tiiat I her ' is no guiit m i- r '
We cannot b.; siiioit m 1 ..:i...
practices 0 become pi coe.i: nls. V
us much in viol.il io.i of c .; Con ... ,
us Ihe rcb. !io:i itself, and t. r .
! . i.i . a-i
in our no. me,, ne.-y
t executive every templji
make ina
(1 -poii,;
i e.u e. i i
prolong
a "I US
v nre i"
th
War.
e for
en ,i:
.l.se-.:
Tt-
l'1'
el ' I
. can!
mini i :
10 ilJC'l
,.. el
lion t prod
lt.,iice t.
!, '-oi ol ,'' :r
i 0
ie
t
I nii,i i ,- i ... -. .,.."'. , , . i
t, . . r.nj'ip.l !l d -
U :., ,i:i Hi .tie .,
o; . ""Mi ll V 4 r . , i. , ., oi' ...i
el o i on 1 or p. i.i o -ii unci: . - , I
is
the.,. , o.aKCS t' :' i .1 and no
!' t.Oll of
the . eniiTi r .ii
IClC .l Hie, hill p
mi nnUgmiislit. lo I ! .; in
.less ol the Teoile. 1 1
maise i..e i
itoi'iil lori of peace the ai.'.'is
cation t more limn legal authority in the
hiiinls ,,f loose to whom is confided the
govt rniuetii of our country.
Ol Jie e.imo nature is tho reee.it
I'roc-
Lini.iihin cf Kmancipatiou. The I't' i-ideiit
lias already .igned an Act oi Congiess,
which afM.erU that tbe slave of thoso n
r, hellion hit c i .fee i't I. The sob- i fled
of this i'rot lama! ion, therefii.e, is ,,. .!u
..late tli'' . cnianci alien of ilavr 3 of tl..se
w ho uru I't.i in lebr llio:-, and nro ther i
fore loyal citizen-. It i an i xtr io !'ii.i.v
d -'diii.'iiou liiiin the alleged w ar ponce.
th..t tie; ,, leif..i j of (hi., right ol love.l
cil.v.en.s, and bniigii::; upon them tlu
iiuiio puni-htii-i.t impesed Upon insui'
gents, is calculate 1 to advance the success
ol the war, to uphold tho Conaitntiou
li'-d restoio Iho I'liiou. 'The class ofloy
al citizens w ho ubove nil others aro enti
tled to the protection of ihe government,
are those who have remained tiuo to tho
flag of our count, y. Anl yet tin; sole
force of this rrocl.iin.ition is uiieded
n.ainst them 11 iv tot this i,ie.i.,ure to
clearly impolitic, unj.j .t and uneousihu .
tional. ntid which is e:ilen! ,p.I i., i.,
so many barrier to the i c- toi utiou of tho
I III ill. he, misconstrued be the u-e.el 1 ..j
an ab'indonment ol the hope or the pur
I .ose of reslr l in i' i I n resol i. u.,i,l, tt..
State of New York i- unalterably opposed,
and which will be ell'ectuully resisted.
We mu-t not only support th? Con di
tiition of the Uniu.d St:es and maintain
the right of the Stales', hut wo must re
store our 1,'i.i.ju us it wa, before the out
break of the wur. The a.-seition t., d this
war was the unavoidable result of Shivery
is not only erroneous, but i has led to a
disastrous policy in ils prosecution. The
opinion that slavery mud be abolished lo
re-tore our Union, c: ruled an iintaiionim
between th" Tree and Slav,, Matos"v.'hioh
ought nut to exist. I fit is true ihut
very must be tibuli.-hed l.v it.,. (,,...
1:1,
. j . s . .......
ol
uie i'e,i.'i",ii tioveriimeiit ; tout the S u''.
must bo held in military tjubjtjctioi. ; : 1 i ... i.
four millions of negroes' ttuist, ):. ';
years, b under iho uj-ed m.'.uagcutcnt ,.V
Ktit'iorities at. Vi'ushinglon i.c the i.oe
expense; then, indeed, wo must. ei.-;.':o
the v. ste of our urinies in the '.. lai
thei' drains upon our popula:io;i,'?iu,; : .,
greater bur h'tis of debt. We must con
vert our Cover: tneitl into a miluai'v uc
(lotitu. Tho miscliievotis opinion that hi
t! is con lest the North niu.3t subjugatennd
destroy the South to savo our Union, has
weakened the. hopes of Our citiien ut
luuuo and destroyed contidc.ico in out
t.ucccss abroad.
Tht Viutrul ttPi Western St-ttet.
lt is a suggestive, faci, aRording iu,
structiou uud Lope fr Uie future, that
the theories whiJ nave "xere.-ed evil
influence on .i
'-'n- -. -'
well ai''iu..:t't( i
and : te.rr
ui'.'iial co!iiijs. i uot
...'..' l'.'- :: 1 ilAlC UIIU
, f.-pu!i!ti'.--.- t'.el. nti.d
1 ,'.r- , v. lie: o to. :n cs
forbidding '.Iv. erv aro in
tioi iu tln.j ti'irtions . , ,.vs.
permitting i:r
iidual eottacl,
cd by t!iu rieat, ut...l e-l line, of
coianiore.) and iuteicjursc. They havt
been developed nlnw.-i entirely in t.n
secti ns compiii'iilively i-ohiled Ly posi
tion, traditions, and peculiar habits of
thought, aud least connected with tho
moro homogeneous mass of 0,)r pocpie.
There bavj been extreme No; them views
and extreme Southern views; but also
tbe broader and moro tolercnt views of
tiie more, populous Ceatr.il and : dcrn
Stales. These extend cn both sides of
that indenturing boundary between
"Slave" and "Freo'' Slates, which is not a
line of opposinu opinions, but ol inter.
mingling intereds. Their plains are ins
terlocked up conlluent rivers, und not
divided ly mountaiu ranges. TheteStaUs
aie a region of harmonising views and
sympathies. They are not only bound to.
gether by peculiar interests, but also by
strong reasons for red; ting a dhi.ion ou
that b um huy, which would m ike thmu
fielitier States, which would lephtei; their
coi dial ir.teieourcj by hostile rcbitious
ships, and threw upon till them the great
est end tharpest evils of separation. Thus,
while they do not share tho p.i-si..i:; and
prejudices ol those cxtrcmo Slates lo eu
list them in the contest, they have mos
lives of tho highest interest to restore thi
old order of things, uud of the gravest
api elieiisiiins from a separation. Tnis
war I lights, uud destroys tho hopes and
the happiness of this region, while tho
sections wbote passions and inteitsts
kindle 1 't are mainly remote fioui tho
terrible s-ufletiug it has caiued.
The Western and UjJ.rai States ei,!I.t
e 1 warmly in a War for tho Union i:nd
Constitution. 'Tho Northern tier of "Slam
States," (except Lastei n Virginia,) e-.rri,
-tiv rio.poited Iho Government iri its
policy wlulo it was .on.-j stent witn ih.s
purpose, w Ine'i was hiiorvn as tli ,c-
ier .-tut" policy." liotti tlio Adr'titn,:
tii' in I Congr -s til n dee:aied their . .,
pin o i'e lo be lo rest .1 e ihe Union i...,',
ir.tiiitai .i the Ci,-t itutiuii. U'liun
tl ,
' AdlllililStl.i'.i.'U
.'lid look up tie
Si ites, il I"-'. ..
pel .'.i'.l
'..land W. .
1. 1 -oi tone,) this pnl lev,
tie: Noil I' .'I'll
'ei ..ii, i.i a:
iea uie. I. 'en
"Lied
tiie.
. fac
' 4
in the fond.
I . 'I iiV '
i'i UO!-' "
v n.'ii it
..i-ifiitiiin
in
i
ii 1
he Gulf
he I'- ,11 .' "lid
.1, IV ' Oi. -Ii pil. .y, to
t, a oolii't-d. by ass
i ... 'o re., . i.e
. ' I .11'"' !er-,e. 'h Slus
I.iles, .'ill tl. h .1" ' i'r, ft,
: he in. put. .'...in t j. . h, !ti
: the fj'"ji!' in:: i, oi , i. , .
very
as n :
the
1 tl,
i I.i I I hern se..: ' i. '. :l 'i tit I h':-i
riii'i.-. He'V colli, I hot i f.ve 'ioueu' p-.!it-.
! p m er.
I'I
ic
" 'i"H tllO lUil .stl''nss V Ii 1, ' ,t Cki,
l' -I :.,:nve tunes, by U'gj -laj : e io.
fud' to act with tbcin. Iliij .ought l