CVffl If )( 3Y 0. B. G00DLANDE& & CO. PKIXCIPLES, not MEN. TERMS $1 25 per Annum, if paid in advance NEW SERIES VOL. 1. NO 43. VOU XXXI. WHOLE NO 165k CLEARFIELD, PA. WEDNESDAY, MAY 15, 1861. Stlcct $odrT, 1HE STAR-SPANGLED BANNER. TheV.story of tko composition of tlas in," ' .!.., f,..;i,n i ,.. ,pulr song Perhaps anhmr to every in Its author, Francis S. Key, on the Igtli of Seplemper, 1814, left Baltimore iih a flag of truce, for tho purpose of procuring Ue .release from 'the British fleet of a friend of his vlto had wen cap lured at Marlboro.' He was not permitted jo return, lest Uio intended attack on sjlituore should be disclosed, but was kept ,bird the Hag ship all night' and com ..iil to wileess the bombardment . of bit Mcllenry, which the British Admi ral liad boavted he would carry in a few hours, Allil llius cause me inn ui .no wutched tho tug at the v . I. . I... ..!.., . I, .....I, Ii I lia nwuit Fort li'ro"b" ,ilD ' " intense anxiety, and never withdrew his from it until darkness setup a bar Tier to it view. During the uijht he latched tho bomb shells, and at tlie first liuipse of daylight ho again appeared up on deck in anxious hastottiid with beating heart. Ho was thrilled with joy at be holding the flag of his country still waving in the' ree.e. Underlie inspiration of ihese incidents he penned the thrilling line". Who can read them without par taking of the spirit which animated the bosoui of the wiiter cn that occasion, or frel the warm blood course more rapidly through his veins 1 Oh tuy,cn jou nee by tho dawn'i early lnhl, tVbut io proudly we hail'd ut the twilight'! lust gleaming, Tfhoso broad stripes aDd bright stars through til peri. out figlil, O'er the rnmiuit we watclie'dnere so giilluntly streaming 1 .... Ami the rockets red glaro, the bombs bursting m sir, Otvt prouf through tbe night that our flag was till there ; Oh !y due tho suir-spanglocl banner yet wave dir ttie land of tho free, and the hoao of tho bravo ? Onthe there dimly soeu through tho miata of the deep, Where the foe's haughty host in dread silenco reposes, Vhatli tbat which the brceio, o'er the towering toei Jli it Otfullv bls. half conceals half discloses J 'nw It nalrlkca tbo cicala of tb uiuriiins's first beam, In full glory reflected now sliinos on tho stream : 'In the stur-spunglod banner, oh ! long cay it wave O'er the land of the, I'roe.aud the home of the brave! And vtTicreie that band who vauntingly sworo Tbattlm havoo of war and tho battle's confusion X hems and a country should leave 1 uo more ? Thtir blood has wasli'd out the foul footsteps' po lutiou. Xo rifugo could snvo the hire ling an', slava from the terror of llight or the gloom of the grave; And the star tpungled banner in triumph duth wave O'er (he land of tbo free, an 1 tho homo of the brave. Oh! thus he it ever w hen freemen shall stand Between their lovid home and the war's deso lation, Jlcii'u with victory and peee,inay tho lloavea- rescued land J'raUo the Power that hath mado nod p-cscrv- ed us a nation. Thru coxyiKii K msr, when our causo it is just, An llliisbi) our motto, "Is God is oik Tihkt!" And tho star-vpun-led banner in triumph shall wave O'trtholandof tho rice, and tho home of tin BRAVE. 3Uis.tclI;uifous, Making it Pay. Tha gentleman who have the contract (or subsisting the volunteers ol'the State, will doubtless, ooon make a sum sufficient to retire on. Tho rations in tho regular United States Army, aro commuted at Mirty cents per day lor each soldier. The contractors in our Stiito receive Jij'tg and iu'ycehts cr day fof each man, while them tioni furnished our volunteers, aro of etuoh interior quality tj those furnished the regular army. Tho miserable food which has been dealt out to our volunteers at Columbus, it ii said, docs not cost tho contractors fy'kcn cents a dtiy. The number now at Columbus is About 80(HI. The profits, therefore, per day, must bo about 1000. This is pan iotisin with a veii''onncc ! The above wo clip from tho Stai kCoun- tL Democrat. We do not suppose that patriotism" ppokeii of is confined to Ohio. We ore inclined Ij think that in 1'ennsylvania contractors are also making good thing out of the job at the expenso of the poor soldiers. Intel. IWluTho destruction of tho Oosporl Na 0' Yard, at Norfolk, Va., involved an im mense loss of property to tho Oovern- "i -ffitimated bv some as hiirh as $30,000, W. It was the largest and best supplied JbM it wns left unprotected after all the !k of tlto Virginians about taking it. No 1ms than cloven I'uited States vessels of ."ftvar were sunk or burnt, including four the largest in tho Navy, but only lour -" 111 UIU COUIIII V, HIIU Ik buc-iibiiiikd I .... I.r. ' -I',-,. H . ....... ... --. . lice of these, the .Men imack, 1 lyniouth naOermantown, were fit for en, 1 ul the r Jive ot them woro fit lor sea service. - ..Ui,iK,iis piaceu in uie iiui ooi pii v. n- euthoir being removed. It is ftateel I ... vltlJ, lllll)g llml uoulu ue , 11I11I1C. (ililla itDn A .1.- I ...I .!....( I . vpi; IU IIIU IC Il'lS nua UU9 ivvm Wina tho irnrb tliria ni'mnrinu foiln , p v. ....., atm, ship timber, Ac., uninjured. Ma "1 thousand stands of arms and revol Trs, and a vst amount of shot and shell ifo thrown into the harbor, over fifteen hundred cannon were spiked, and largo IHntities of provisions, material and machinery were destroyed. JV. If. 1'u net ' WyC'Ood men havo tho fewest fears. IT has ono a-ho fears Ia 1a u-rnnv. He thousand wlm has nverrnma that HIP. The Invasion and Capture of Wash ington in 1814. At this juncture in our history, a brief reference lo the invasion anil circumstan H. , r r . ' . . P i a B- i ' "' British forces, under Admirals c' kbllri. atld Coohranowill not be ina- ces attending the capture of Washington, propriate ; and as ninny of those strangers now at tuu capital may toel interested to mark the looulitiej where tho urst gener al encounter occurred and subsequent events took place, those will be noted briefly in tho order in which they Irons 1'ireU. During the early portion of the sum mer of 1S14, Coekburn's flee lay Dlong tho coast of Virginia, Maryland and the' Ciieapeake, when Vhey were joined, on tho third of August, by Coohrnne's fhet, 1 direct from Bermuda, both numbering to gether twenty sail. Our Government was apprised of hostile intentcntions upon the capital, but General Armstrong, then j Secretary of War, proteased a disbelief in 1 tho rucaon, and the Sutional Intelligencer, ' proverbially cautious then, as now, a its : conclusion1, doubted tho probability of hostile intentions upon the capital. j President Madison, however, had taken souio precautionary steps, by ordering a militia organization, which ho deemed sufficient lor the occasion, in addition to a flotilla of barges, beuring gum, placed under the command of Capt. Joshua Bar -ney, jtnd intended to check fleets in ad vancing toward tho capital. But after sailing up the bay, tho troops disembark ed at Benedict, on the banks of the Pa tuxetil river, on the 20tli of August. On the following d.iy tho army, consisting of four thousand men, teuk up their march I toward the infant city. They were with-J out nrtillery or cavalry, and marched uii-. der the heat of a midsummer sun to It'.a densburg, which they reached un tho 'Jlth 1 By adopting this route, the flotilla affor ded nc protection to the city, and, to prc vei.t the guns oi boats from being taken! and used ugaiust tho capital, ttiey were blown up on the morning of tho -2d, by order of Wm. Jones, the Secretary of tko Navy. i The approach of the troops under Maj. Cicn. .Hubert Kosi and Admiral Coekbu: n, was watched by President Madisonjn per son, who directed eight thousand incxpc rienccd and undisciplined militia to Bla densburg, under the cominanul of (Jeu. Winder, to opposo tho four thousand 1 ritish sohliers. (.'apt. B.irni'y, having destroyed tho flotilla, joined tho military forca of lien. Winder, with one hundred seamen and his tiuloi pieces. ln tho aL ternoon of tho 'J5th, the British opened Hre, which was mjwessfully returned by Barney's silors,who U'liutained their po sition nobly, whilo the raw recruits, un der Wiiitle kept at a r spectful distance, ' who, rendering littlo or no service with their tuus-kets, soon broke ranks and turned their ba,ks to tho foe. Barney's teamen fought bravely, ami their cutis pro lie roved terribly doilructive to the enemy. ' was overcome, however, alter three hoars' hard fighting. Hanked by superior numbers, and finally fell wounded by tho nide of eleven of his men who were killed at their guns, lie ordered a retreat, and gavo himself up. His bravery contrasted nobly with the disgraceful cowardice of the uiiiitia. The uilitia, without waiting for tho commander to sound a retreat, took sudden leavo of the battle-field, unit made a direct, line for tho woods. Tho British experienced a severe loss in their ranks, stated by tho historian Oleig, of the 8ith Uoyal regiment, as high as five hut.di'cd men killed, wounded, and mis sing. ColonelThomton, commander of' tho light Brigade; Lieutenant C'okncl' Wood, commander of the Soth regiment ; and Major Brown, who led on the ad-j vanco troops, were severely wounded, while General Ross had a horso killed under him. Tho loss was small on the part of Barney's turn ; and tho English author referred to above admit.-' tluti if tho militia had done their, duty the victo ry wo'Ud undoubtedly havo been on tho American hide. Of Barney's hundred . sailors ho speaks in tho highest terms, re' marking that "r.ot only did they servo! their g ins with a quickness and precision which astonished their assailants, but 1 they stood till some of them were actually ' bayonettod with fu!es in their hands ; nor was it till their leader wa wounded 'and ' taken, and they saw themselves deserted f nil Miilfm lit, , lm ant l.iu llnil tltov fllltt.' ted tho field.1'' (Jen. Ross led tho third British Urigado Into the i'ilv and nn to tho L'nnitiil. nn approaching which his horso was shot ! from under him by one of Burney'& men, ' who had concealed himself in a house for j that object. The house was immediately entered, the inmates put to tho sword, and tho building and contents burned. A voile) was tired into tho windows of the C; bu,.n t()'ok Uie Speaker's chair, and asked iini'Ji, tt lieu ui vruuiis eiiieitu u ck (1, niin II 1 i:s iiaruor ot l an- koo Democracy he burned? All for it say aye!" Ho reversed the question, pro nouncod tho motion carried, and ordered tho torch to bo put to tho building. It was soon in fl.imws. as n pruueniuu sirp, me oecreiury oi me Nayy oraereii Commodore Tingey to hre the navy v;lrJ( which, with tho sloop As a prudential stp, the Secretary of of wnr . Arijun, tea guns, hvearmeU barges, jwo gun-'boals, and ail the naval stores, cons good to the ttatnes. e . . Tho British troops then proc?eded to j the Treasury and Pres idenl's mansion, i both of which they fired the President having retreated, with his Cabinet, on horseback, across tho Potamao. That night, tho army encamped on Capitol llill and were exposed to a severe storm, with heavy thunder, which added inten sity of awe to the dismal scenes which had iust been enacted. During the night a grand-nephew of Gen Washington rash ly attacked tho sentries, and was snot down. 1 he lou I biulco was simullatie- dc ously hroci, at each end, by tho oppos ng parties each apprehensive of an attack by the other. Next morning tho British burned the buildings connected with tbo Nxvy and War Departments; destroyed the mate rial in the Xatio.ial Intelligencer otlice, and threw the type out of tho window; des troyed the remaining buildings about the navy yard and at Greoaleafs Point ; threw a torch into a well where a large quantity f powder was concealed, w hich exploded, destroying nearly one hundred of th British troops, scattering their mu tilated remains in very direction. A frightful tornado immediately swept over the city destroying buUdings and proper ty as if in completion of the general work of destruction Very many of the enemy and of the inhabitants were buried in the ruins of building blown down. The enemy was nlarmod for th-eir towa std't-ty, and withdrew from the city in tho evening, and hurried toward the place of embarka tion. After a lapse of half a century of peace ful prosperity nd raiiid prow-ess in th arts and commerce, Washington is again threatcutcd with invasion under circum stance! vastly different from those on the former occasiou. Then we met a foreign foe, and the sympathies of tho whole na tion were bound together as ono united people. Now the enemy, or rather tho enmity, has arisen amongst ourselves, and we propose to dash from our lips heup of fcliss otg enioyed, and tlrrow the nation into a fratricidal war, instigated through the wickednoss of political fanat icism, North and South. I'AiUideliia Earthqaake in Chili. We lake the following graphic des cription of tho earthquake in'fcili, from tho Valparaiso correspondent of tho New York Merard: Valparaiso, April 3d, 1801. With folings of ileep regret I have to announce to you the utter destruction of the city of Mendoza, in tho Argentine Re public, by an earthquake, on tin evening ot the 20th tmrch hut. At that fl.ite, at half past eight P.M., a slight, but prolong ed vibration of tho earth was felt in this city and in Santiago simultaneously. Mot of the churches were densely filled, it be ing near tho clows of Lent, and some al arm and confusion was created, but no se rious accidents occurred, and tranquility was soon restored. On Sunday, the 2 llh, however, a gener al gloom was cast over this city by thean-, nouHcement by telegraph from the capi tal that Benigno Kruno, the mail rider, hud arrived from Mendoza that morning without a mail, bringing the distressing news that there remained but a heap of ruins to point the spot where, a few days before, had stood a thriving and populous city of 15,000 souls. Bruno stated that he arrived at Mendo za on tho morning of tho 10th ; that at half past eight P.M., brief but excessive ly violent shock of engthqtiake, lasting but six or eight sceoiiJ :, destroyed every building, public ar.d pi!..'.?':, in tho city, and that the number who were enabled to escape was very limited. Mho fctreets be ing narrow, tho buildings high, and the inhabitants totally unused to suidt phen omena, wero paralyzed with terror, and neglected to seek tefugo in tho open caurts of their dwellings until too lave. The Postmaster was buried benonth the ruins of the Post Ollioe, the Governor was missing, and when anked why ho bought no certificate that the mails wero lo.t the messenger teplied, " thero was no one loft to writo it, nor any materials to write with." The aspect presented by tho city after tho first shock was terrific. Hoarse sub terranean thunders deafened the air, ani mals of all ginds rushed frantically thro' tho open spaces howling, tho earth open ed and vomited forth floods of water, while, lo crown tho scone of horror, flames burst from the ruins and consumed near ly tho entire business portion of tho city with its dead, its dying, and its wounded. On the 28th a number of letters were received here and at Santiago by relatives and friendsof Chileans residing in Mendo za, but the hope, until tneu entertained, that tho earlier accounts were exaggera ted, soon gave wav to the dreadful cer tainty that tho cafamity hail not yet been painted in colors sufficiently vivid. The earth still continued to tremble, tho few walls that had resisted the first shock one by ono fell, until now no vestigo of a building remains. Tho mountain loads are in a most dangerous condition, not only on account of the hugo masses of rock that havo already fallen and ob structed the road, but because the vibra. tioa of the earth ia still hurling them down from tho heights above into tiio val leys. lUo gauchos, or natives ot the surroun tling country hastened to the spot, not to assist tho needy or id in rescuing tho wounded from a lingering dath, but to seek for plunder among tho smoking ruins and to snatch the little saved from the wretchod survivors. Onr gentleman wri ting from thence, after describing tnese horrors, says : " I believe that wo shall have no other law here than that of tho poignard." The prison was destroyed ; out of one hundred in mates ninety-two perished. Tho remnining eight, who wero already hardened villains, formed lliemselves into a band of frtnbooters, and had gone, It was supposed, to tho mountain passes, to intercept and rob tho parties sont from Chile for the relief of the sufferers. Ona woman was found robbed and murdered by the roadside. She was recognized as one on her way to Mendoza to see her family. They too all had perished on the 20 th. In the Jesuit church thero was preach ing that night. Tho services bad just concluded, and tho congregation tbout dispersing, when the shock cum'o. The back into the Union, or a peaceablo ac few who hud reached the plasa were saved, j qu iesceuco in tho assertion of their claim but the walls and roof of tho building ' to a separate sovereignty. Tho time when two inward with a crash, and priest these questions had portinencv or pluusi and penitent together were hurried into bility has passed away. Tho United eternity. States waited patiently, while their au The latest advices from Mendoza repre thority wan defied in turbulent assemblies sent the suffering to be extreme, there be-'and in seditious preparations, willing to ing noither food, clothing nor shelter fr r ! hope that the mediation oflerred on all th survivors, everything being buried i sides would conciliate and induco tho beneath the ruins. They also state that ; disaffected parties to return to a better San Juan and San Luis, two other popu- miud. But the case is no.v altogether lous cities of the Confederation, havo changed. Tho insurgent) havo insti shared a like fate, the San Juan river hav- tuted a revolution, with opi n, flagrant ing, ftrer th-0 shock, left its bed, and j and deadly war to compel the Un lc.1 swept over the. town, utterly destroying 'States to acquiesce in the'dismemberment wuat tno eariuquaKe nan spared. Tins news no; having been fully conhrmed, I do not, however, vouch for iU correct DCSS. As soon as this disastrous news was ren dered Loyond question, the government and private individual! vied with one an- other in energetic efforts to send immedi- 1 into activity to restore tho Federal au ate relief to their sutl'uring brethren. thority, rnd tosave tho Dnion ftom dan WitlKitit waiting for the completion of the ger. work, on the liUih a party of physicians j You cannot be -fie decided or loo expli and others left for tho sceno of tho cit in making known to the French ;ov- disaster, bearing medicines, food aim clothing, and uccorupameu by u small bod; cf troops 1 ho gloom spread throughout the re public of Clrlo by thn awful calamity may take place in any way whaLovcr, There to tho next popular outbreak, which is as bo imagined. Situated upon an eminent-1 will bo hero only ono nation and ono changeable us the winds. More crimes ly volcanic region, we have constant evi- Government, and there will be the same ! have been committed in tho nume of Lib donco cf tho insecurity of our tenure of Republic and the same Constitution that erty than tyrint rulors ever had the pow existence. Separated but by a chain of , ha already survived a dozen National cr to perpetrate. mountains from tho scene of destruction, j changes, und changes of Government in This spirit of insubordination lo govern, and taught by sai experience the Iright-' almost every other country, and these 'mont has been growing in our laud for tul and irresistible force of I lie unherald- will stand hereafter, as they are now, ob- ' years ; it has been taught in our pulpits, ed earth storm, wo reiiro each nigl.t with jects of human wonder anel human atlcc-; fulminated from tho bench, und sown u feeling of terrible insecurity. This coast lion. You have seen on tho eve of your ! broadcast over thu land by tha press. A p.. has been froquonlly visited, in past years, ' departure, the elasticity of tho National ' peals havo been constantly taken from tho by carthKUftkes. Chilian has l,oen twice 1 spirit, the visor of the National Govern- ' country, to what is falselv termed tho destroyed; Concepoion oucc, whilo V'al- paiaiso, Santiago and Copiapo havesu fler- ed soveivly. No amount of human fore sight, no precaution prevails against tho nyst rious visitor, who comes at dawn, at noonday or at midnight, and, in a few moment, levels to the ground the proudest monuments of human skill. Europe And the United States- IXroilTAST I.KTTKlt J'llOM fiKfltETARY SKWAUD TO .MIXISTKH DAYTON. A dispatch from Mr. Faulkcr, Minister to France confirms the statement we have already published, concerning his inter view with Jt. Thouvcncl, the French Min ister of Foreign Affairs;. M. Thouvetiel declaring that Franco would bo in no hasto to recognize the Southern Confeder acy, unit desired to see tho Union resto red. Mr. Seward litis since written the following loiter ' of instructions to Mr. Dayton, our new Minister to France: Df.IMHI 11KNT 01- Sl ATK. ) Washington, May 4th, lSt'.l. Sir :-Tlm dispatches of your predeces sor. Nos. 117. 11.1 and 121. havo been re- 'ceivod. Tho hitter acknowlcdgcing the receipt of our letter of recall, und uii ' nouncing his intendod return, requires no 'special notice. No. 117 bears Uio dato of ! the 5th cf April last. It contains only an exposition of Mr. Faulker's views of j the policy which this Government ought! lo pursue in regar l lo uie distuiue-t con j dition ot tifhtirs at home but, at the ' same time, gives us no inloru.ation con ' cern'ng the State of our ufliiirs in France. : The instructions heretofore transmitted to you will (.how you the President's . views on the subject Mr. Fau liner has 'discussed ; and these will bo your guide, 'notwithstanding any different opinions your predecessor may have ex preset! or left on record at Paris. No. 1 10 bears date of the 15th of April last, ami con tains u report of an official conversation, and also of un unofficial one hold between Mr. Faulkner ami M. Thouvoiiel. In the former conversation, M. Thouvencl asked Mr. Faulkner whether thero is not some diversity of opinion in the Cabinet of the President as to the proper mode of meet ing the difficulties which now disturb the relations ot tne Mates and tn uenera: Government. Mr. Faulkner, in reply, said that he had no information on tho subject. The matter is of no gient moment, yet it i de sirable that there should be no misappre hension of the Into state of the Govern ment in tho present emergency. Y'ou may therefoie recall that conversation to M. Thouvcnel's memory, ar.d tten assure him explicitly that Ihoro is no difference of opinion whatever between . tho Presi dent und bis constitutional advisers, or among those advisers themselves, con cerning iho policy that has been pursued, and which is now prosecuted by the Ads ministration in regard to the unhappy diftiirbance existing in this country. The path of executive duty has thus far been loo pbiinly marked out by stern nev cessitk's lo be mistaken, iihilo the solem nity of the great emergency, and the res ponsibility it devolves, havo extinguished i in tho public councils every emotion but I those of loyally anil patriotism. It is not ' in the hands of this atluiinistrution that this Government is to come to an end 'at all. much lets for the want of harmony or in devotion to the oountrv. M. Thou venoi's declaration that the Ut)ited States rooy rest well assured that no hasty or nrec'mitato action will bo taken on tho subject of tho apprehended applications of the insurrectionists, for a recognition of the independence of the so-called Con federal" Slatos, is entirely satisfactory, al though it was attended by reservation of views concerning general principles appli cable lo a cause that need not now bo dis cussed. In the iinnllicul conversation, Mr. Faulkner says that ho himself ex- pressed Mia opinion mat lorco wouiu noi bo resorted to, to coerce the so-called so- ceding States into submission to the Fed- eral authcrily. and that the only solution ' of tho difficulties would no found in such ! modifications of the constitutional com- pact as would invito tho acceding States1 ot the Union. The United Slates havo accepted this civil war, as an inevitable necessity. Tho constitutiauul reuvedies lor the conmluiut of the insurgents aro ttill-epen lo iliem. mid will remain so; . but on tho other hand, the laud and naval forces of the Union have beer. tho eminent that there is uot now, nor has j there been, nor will there be, any, or'the least idea existing in this Government of sulk-rim: a dissolution of this Union to nint, ur.d the lavish devotion of tho Na - tional Treasury to this great cause. Tell M. Thouveiiel, then, with tho highest cn- sideratior, and good fcclimr.thut a thought of the dissolution of this Union, peaceably or by toroo, has never entered into tho mind of any cnne'.id statesmen hero ; and it is high time that it bo dismissed by statesmen in Europe. I am, Sir, respectfully yo-.ir obedient servant. Signed, Wm. II. Suwarii. To Wm. L. DtrTo.v, Esq., &c, &c, What is Martial Law ? At the present crisis, the significance of "ihon b' impulse as unreasoning a term o much med, and with soilliey 1,10 VHPiol,0,,1 resist Uio govern l.ttle ncctir.no sense of its meaning, be-: '"c"!' wl.'lcllloy tlu" ,ulu 'V .d, comes unusually innwtant. I Iho men who to d-iy violont.y liouvier define martial 1 vv as "a code inpel law abuinig citizens to raiso tho established for the Government of the a.- ihl" ,h, Umon 1,1 token pi thoir sup, my and navy of the United Slates," , l,ovl.oi 1,10 0Vl!l N'"0"'. iU, hon their whose principal rules mo to bo found in 1 1'"' 01 prejudices are thwarted by tiio articles of war proscribed by act of t 'at same governmont as fiercely assail Congress. But Chancellor Kent snva this S U"a ensign of our country, blot defiu ion applies only to military law, o't perhaps one hall its stars, hanging at while martial law is ito a distinction miHt unl0" do.wlV. dlaI") lt ". ,bl"ck' ,m,l thim.1,.,1 nn n mn .. nntl., and prod-timed by a military chief. Afiirlinl lutv !u unnn.o 1 1 1 oti.l .... ..i. .I .. held to bo a suspension of all ordinary civil rights and process-ami as such, op- proxi.imtes closely to a military desi)ot - jsm ' ' 1 It is an arbitrary law, originating in emergencies. 1.. times of extreme pe ril to the State, either from without or from within, the public welfare dotiruids extra- ordinary measures. And m-.: :ial law be ing proclaimed, signifies that the opera- lion of the ordinary legal delays of justice is suspended by the military power,which has for tho time Lenoaw supreme. It suspends the operation of tho writ of i,ii,; cm,,., . n.,n.l... -n.. ..l..r..n.l with treason to bo (tinimarily tried by i,ouri .Martial instead ot lira ml Jury ;, jus- lilies searches and seizures of private property, and tho taking pocs.-ion of public highways ami other means of com-, munieaiion. Involving the highest exer cise ol sovereignty, it is, of rourso, capa ble of groat abuse, and is only to be justi fied on emergencies of the r;iost imperii livo ant! perilous nature, such as no ap-1 pour I ) exitt in Baltimore ant! Washings . ton. I What is a Hf.uimknt? As this question 1 Jll,PI,t!l1 lo havo given them one. lt is often asked bv men not very familiar would bo well lo, Mr. Lincoln to boar with tho 'pomp "ami circumstances of war' '"'"'I tho possibility of such an event' wo givo the following organization as fur- ew York I'oJ, of a late dato, in at) nished by a military friend i article replete with v:t jper itioii upon tho A regimont consists of ten compinies President and Mr. So war I, m whi-jh tho one Colonel, one Lieutenant Colonel, one Secretary W characterized as a "dr.bbler," Major, oneSurgoon, ono Adjutant, rank or )': "l'ho moro men wo can concon-, Lieutenant, ten Captains, ten first Lieut. , tllUe u",!(-n' 1,10 t'',"1 ,,lJ of somo officer einints, ten second Lieutenants. All com- wll muaiis to defend the Union and not missioned officer. only tho capital aod tho less attention A comparv contains sevnnty-sovon men we pay to orders from tho government, including officers :-Captain, one; first!11'0 ut tei wnl wo bo prepared to meet and second Lieutenants ; four Sergeants ; t1'10 rebels." four Corporals ; one drum ; one fife, and ! 'P t'" dreadful emirgoncy tho canser-, sixty-four privates. ivative men of iho nation have a great w ork to do ; they have enemios without Juif-W ben a member of a military compa- and a still moro dangerous enomy within, nv at Marblehead, 'M iss., was called to ! They can only maintain their oonstitu- dufy, ho was endeavoring to diive an un - ruly pig Into his pen. lie tried once alter tho summons, and failed, when he left tho contrary creature, Willi a "darn the hoc. it mut wait till after tho war ;" and in ten minutes w:is on ins way 10 uie drill room. tX,.Fun is tho most ojnsorvative ele ment of society, ought to be cherised and and encouraged by all lawful means. Toplo never blot niischiof when they ure mwy. Lauglitcr is an enemy to malice, a foo to scanpel.and a friend to every lir luc, it promotes gootl temper, enlivens the heart and brijlitons the intellect. Let us laugh when wo can. A f-Al.iroRMA paper says that a largo numbor of men aro in a disabled condition at ond urounu too trniqueta TJlCKSl'" ver mm, i on,,,.. boen silivaled lo a terrible extent in working tho mine, Some of them are re por'cd to bo unable to lift a bowl of tea or raie a hand to their mouths. This is the result, it is bai.l, of carclc,sneS3 by 13- r.oiant laborers. The Dangers of the Times. In tho present crisis thero is more to be feared fioni the revolutioiiaiy temper of tho times than from feccssiun or the in surrection of States. Submission to the laws and tho constituted authorities of the government, is tho only safety to any people. Governments are formed, consti. tutions are adopted only for tho protec tion of tho weak. Majorities can protect themselves in the absence of these re straints, by the power of might ; minori ties have no other safety but in- the laws and the constitution of the country.- Whenever these barriers are overthrown more is an nu to. tree government : pop- ular impulse takes tho place or govern men t, anarchy prevails, and in times of excitenmit no oiu cat: foretell what ex cesses of violence tho unrestrained impul ses of nion may lead to. That peoplct which takes the law into its own hand, regardless of the forms and restraints of written law, invokes a demon of discord which can only bo allayed in blood, ''they who take tho sword shall perish by the sword ;" tho vijtors ol todav may bo the victims of to morrow ; they who dostioy ' personal liberty, freedom ot opinion and 1 tho freedom oi the press, break down their own defenses and leave iLemsclves open 1 " higher law " which isonl another natuo 1 far license, violence and mob law. Theso teachings have been the primary cause of I bringing on the nation its present calam- ity of civil war, and if not restrained by betto r counsels will culminato in a reign of terror when no man's life or liborly will be safe beyond his physical power lo protect it. When the violent and reckless are en couraged mid incited by the leading men of the country to acts ol personal violence under a mistaken impulse of patriotism, what power can restrain tho same moil UIIU OlIeT II UMlCr indignities WllICU DOS and oiler it oilier indignities which heretofore been done , by those who aro ' now most cl.iiiioio'.is in their demonstra- , l10"? 0 hJe l? 1 10 'V,3 ' country, I , U 0 !mvo !uo" lo.a.to J1'?0 by i0,TV"3 i "!"lU 1ubor'J.inatlon, j and tho revolutionary declamations of 1 Jwny of those claiming to bo the party . '"If." ,of 1)0 I,rc80n.1 Ajmdiistrlion. A r"l't;eal clergyman in .New York recent, ,yJ.1 ,:- , , 1 IJ'Pl'rovo of tho principles of tho "evolutionary aar. It was waged againit uI 'or"y- .tlie war f 1812 a8,s"1.1 ,ww"c- 1,0 ?LTTl 1 , nwseJ '' M ' heart ; but tho pros, ?t war. I approve. It w ii Holy war. I Js .u wal l" 1,10 cxtorniinauoii o slavery.- Tho New York Times of Wednesday laut uses the following treasonable hint tjuage: ' ,V'o will simply remark that tha President runs no small risk of being su perseded in his olli.'c, i! ho uudertakos to thwart fie clear and manii'e t determina tion of the pcupln to maintain the Gov ernment ol tho United States, ar.d to jro toct its honor. We aro in tho midst of a revolution, and in such emergenuits tho people uro very apt to find some reprcscu tattvo loader, if Iho foims of law do not ' lioual liberties by defending the Tresis (loot and all tho constituted authorities of tho country. They are to engage in no fanatical war for tha overthrow of slavory, I They will submit to no military dictator- snip usurping uie powers oi 1110 govern ment. They must fight with tho singlo purposo of maintaining tho constitution and the laws our government as it wis transmitted to us by our fathers. It is a war of (iofiiiiep, not of aggression. In this sense, mid in this only, it is a holy war, and the heart, and when necossary, the-hand of every patriot in tho country is in it. Mdua'ikic Xcta. young gentlem in graduated at YaU, recently, with a whilo hoad and whiskers, who entered with auburn locks and no beard. The change took place ir( j 0n8 night, on account of th anxiety im e,jant to a biennial exatniuaiiOQ . isMai.y malignant old our.nul ; eon, merely to gratify his hatred of hu natural heirs, has bequeathed his whoh. osUte to som- publio ..iH.tut.oD, and that, 1 immortali.cd himielt for beneyoleiice.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers