"ggggM"MM",,TT- I r, ,, f- - H h II.- ii '
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SO
BY G. B. OOODLANDEE & CO,
VOL. XXXI. WHOLE NO.
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JOB PRINTING.
An extensive stock of Jobbing materia
enab lea tbe Publisher of the "Republican'
to an nounce to the public that he is prepa
red to do all kinds of
- Posters, Pamphlets, Programmes,
Bla.ms, Pater Books, Circulars,
Inm Rii.i. 'Vxcitwrm. TfiKrinin.-.-
snd every kind of printing usually done
in a country juu uniec.
All orders will be executed with noat
ness And despatch.
O. B. GOODLANDER CO.
BUSINESS CARDS.
1. 1. m'cvllocor. wm. it. mVclIocqu.
M'CULLOUGII & nitOTMEK,
Attorneys at Law.
OMce en Market street, opposite Mossop's Store,
Clearfield, Pa. Will attend promptly to Collec
tions, Salo of Lands, Ac. nov7-M
Ti W. HAV8, Justice of the Poace, will attend
X promptly to culloctions and ether matters
eft in his charge, Addrets Kersey, i.lk co rt.
Oct. 3d 1860. ly.
DANIEL GOODLANDER,
Tl'STICE of the peace
ej Lutbertlurg, CUarfitld Co. Vn.,
itill nttend prcmpily to all burincn entrusted
to bis care. ;iarcn is, ibdu. ly. a.
KLLIS IRWIN & SONS,
T the month of Link Run, Are miles from
Clearfield, MERCHANT-, and extensive
unuracturers of Lumber,
July 23, 18J2.
j7TOilaTiN,
BlarhimilUl, Wagons, Buggies, Ac, Ac, Ironed
on short notice, and the very best style, at his
lla stand in the borough of CurwcnsTUle.
Dee. 29, 1863.
DR. M. WOOD., having changed his loca
tioa from Curwonsvilie to Clearfield, res
tactfully offers his professional sorvicos to the
eituens of the latter placo and vicinity.
Residence on Second street, opposite tt it of
J. Crans, Esq. my 1 1 156.
J. 0. HARTSWICK, M. D.
Physician and Surgeon,
Clearfield rv, Jlay 30, 1860.
WALTER BARRETT,
ATTORNEY AT LAW, will attend promptly
tnd faithfully to all legal business entrusted to
ais csre, in the several Courts or llearueld ana
adjoining counties.
Office, the on formerly occupied by O. R.
Barrett.
Oct 28th, 1859 ly.
DR. G. YV. STEWART
Physician and Surgeon, oilers his profes
sional services to tho eilixons of Hew Wash
ington and surrounding community. Office three
soon west of the Washington House,
New Washington, Pa., Oct. 14, I860.
JOHN HUIDEK0PER.
Civil Engineer Jb Land Surveyor, odors
his professional services to the citizens of Clear
fild county.
All business entrusted to him will be promptly
and faithfully executed.
Office with Leonard, Finney Co.
LEVER FLEGAL,
Justice of the peace
Luthersburg, Clearfield Co, Pa., will
attend promptly to all busraess entrusted to his
ear. II also informs the publio that he keeps
constantly on hand at hia shop, a general as-
1'sortment of Saddles, Ilridles, Harness and
whips, which he will soil on reasonable trems.
April 4, I860.
DENTAL CARD.
A M. SMITII offers his professional services
to the Ladle and Gentlemen or Clear
lld and vicinity. All operations performed
with neatness ana despatch. Being familiar
with all the lat improvments, h is prepared to
ak Artificial Teeth in the best maimer.
Office In Shaw's new row. '
Sept 14th, 1858. lyi.
!'. I. larrimrr.
. I.AnHlBIIIIU I. inai
ARK1MKR & TEST," Attorneys at Law
I. trst
-aj vieurnoia, i a., will auena prompuy io voi
j Uioai, Labd Ageneies, Ac., Ac, in Clearfield,
Ctntr and Elk eouhties. July 30. y
ROBERT J. WALLACE, Attorrrv at Law,
Clearfield, Pa., Office in Ebaw's Row, op
posite the Journal office.
' dee. 1, 1858. tf.
MOORE A ETZWiLER,
iw
holeeal and Retail Merchants. Also
"' and shingles. Also, dealers 'in flour an-
Ir', which will be sold oheap for cash.
14,18jV.
HENRY WHITEHEAD,
I IHTICE of th peace
V Rockton. Union tn.. will attend
"aptly to all buiinesi entrusted to his ear.
Sept., I.', 130". ly.
14 very large stock of Spring and Summer
p . vjviyinf oi ma latest llv . tnr low DT
"wensviUo, May 18, 1860. E. A. 1RV1N.
f ackerel and Uerrlnr for sal at th corner
' store of K. A IRV1N.
'-rvvenaville, A7ay 16, 'CO.
ots and Shoes. A larger stock and lower
- r..-. Kumu Tr, at irvins meapost corner,
"urwenajille, May Id, 'CO-
1637.
CARRIER'S ADDRESS.
JAXVAR Y 1, 1802.
Since first the Printer' mystic art began
lo illume the darkened mind of man,
And restore, by its enlightening grace,
I ll enfeebled tinwni-e r,f
jyiiicU deep beneath unlettered ignorance
.v. mill in ucatuuKe trance,
It constant messenger in grief or joy.
Has ever been tho faithful carrier boy! .
lis he alone, with young and slender
form.
Has always braved the cold and howling
storm
To bear the holy light of truth afar,
". 7f ' peeu ine news olpeace or war.
Irs he who prompt and cheerful at your
door,
Each week supplies you with some useful
lore,
Somo knowledge to add to the garnered
ktnrA
Something to freo tho weary heart from
cut
Something to tooth or lighten the grief
And if dutv
I o bear the pag which sadder themes dis
close. Oh J blame not him, who must the types
And tell the current ndlnno nf IUn .
M"?h un welcome oft the tidings bro't)
, uu, UUMUVIPJ, JCS U 11"
anttfrlif.
To eager eyes, whose changing hopes and
fears,
A re seen in feeble smiles or starting tears;
All are alike the fruit of weary toil,
Which like, for breac tho Farmer tills the
on,
Qo.nol Knit , t Anna in nnl.tAn nmnin
For mental food the Tiinter ti ls his brain ;
wniie you, irom ono small germ ot tlio t
iimi.i
By his art a thousand more unrolled.
Thus throughout each year that's pathless
fled.
The carrier hns cn his mission sped:
Greeting his patrons with cheeful face.
Uiving cncli in hw heart cherished
place.
And now you see him still at his post,
Hraving the winter defying the frost
That ho may at each door by dawning op
penr, To Kish his kind friends a"happy New
Vesrl"
Surely may one who so faithfully servos,
Claim that a generous return he deserves,
What thoughts a carrier may express,
You will learn by rfudinir this address ;
Wherein he bids farewell to Sixty that's
And pnyi, hiFrospects toyoung Sixty ono
By Heaven's Great Omniscience guided,
And J I is kind Beneficence provided,
We snll, in life and health are here
To hail once- more the new born vear.
rN'otonly hsre with life and health,
Hut having eveiy source of wealth,
Whose treasures vast aro ;-ct untold ;
While by sixty and an hundred fold,
Eurth hns yielded her bounteous stores,
And want approaches not our doors. .
Should not our grateful hearts overflow
With the immeasurablo thanks we owe,
For blessings vouchsafed us here below,
And for that mercy which doth spare,
Thnt we for judgemoYit may prepare j
Then how much more for that deeplovo
Which proflcrs endless bliss above,
If wo lilo's duties well fulfill,
On earth obey tho Master's will?
But Tatronsdear, with anguiahod heart
I saw the dying Year dopart
With many a lingering look of pain,
Whi'o Gloom and Sorrow formed its train,
And I could hcurupon tn e piuo
A song of death a mournful wail,
Lamenting o'er the Nation's woos,
Which wild and melancholy rose,
And as along the blast it swept,
Melhought the pitying angels wept
To hear the dirge of Freedom dead
The knell, of hopo forever fled,
To see her reign of glory done,
And Misery's dismal sway begun ;
That soon must sink in endless night
A nation, born with hopej as bright
Nay ! brighter fur than ever yet,
A nation in its dawning met,
Since God's bright Sun first rose and set;
Sinco created nations dwelt on earth,
Hone sprang exultant with their birth ;
Till Freedom, seeking peace and rest,
Turned her footsteps toward tho wost,
The broad Atlantic crossing o'er,
Until she reached its farthest shore,
And there, beneath the sylvan thido,
Freedom's nrk of hope was laid.
Erelong her altar here was reared,
And on its sacred hearth appeared
A sacrifice for human right,
Whcse flumes dillused a holy light,
And threw their beams back o'er the main.
Whero,"neath tho Tyrant's galling chain,
II er million votaries groaned In pain.
And struggling, sought redress in vain
ltevealcd to them tins new found homo,
And bado Oppression's victims como.
To share this fruitful western land
With its gallant patriot band ;
Wlioro freedom's mcenso as it rose,
Bespoke for all a calm repose,
15eiioath ner just and equal laws,
Who espoused her righteous cause,
And joined her hardy son's of toil
Upon Columbia's virgin soil,
To teach tho savage wilderness.
Their lubcrs, with its fruits to bless.
Nor quito unheeded was the beacon sent,
Nor the thrilling voice that with it went
At its call a slumbering race awoke
Upon thoir night of wiong tho morning
brokej
From an odious thraldom thousands flee,
Thenceforth determined to be brave and
free ;
And all make common cause in weal or
woe.
PEIHCIPLES, aot
CLEARFIELD, PA. WEDNESDAY, JAN. 9, 1861.
Pledged each to each, till aeath, Oppres
sion's foe.
Men they were, stem of heart and strong
of band,
Who left thoir ancient homes and iathtr
land
To give their aid upoa a foreign shore,
To found a nation unsurpassed before.
When thv At last Una cuf i.lnn. o
Installed in vale, on hill and plain,
ivranis may tneir power assert in vain,
Their vengeful thunders now awake no
fears
In the dauntless hearts of Freedom's pio
Doers.
See. by united, noble, bold emprise,
Beneath their hand a glorious empire rise,
m uoso rame o er .barm extending far and
wide.
Proclaims the land where Freedom's sons
abide,
There, underneath its kind protecting
shade.
Tho wearied head may be in safety laid.
Oh I sight sublime! ne'er till now beheld,
1 ween,
Equality and Justice triumphant seen.
Despairing hope her pinions plumed anew
As broke the scone on her enraptured
viow,
And upward soaring bent her eager flight
With iovwlftto taarai-ri tho rooltn. fli..l.
That she might the tidings earliest bear,
To earth's desponding guardian spirits,
Who long had mourned, but ever mourn
ed in vain,
To see their favorito raco mid toil and
pun,
Wear in bonds, their suffering lives away,
Beneath somo cruel despots iron sway,
For centuries held with unrclonting grasp,
co nrm mat mortal tiand could scarce un-
f'.ln. tv
l i
But now tho monarch's mighty spell is
uroKo,
And they at last disdain the Tyrant's yoe,
And arm, strike and triumph for I.ibeity,
rrociaim me auxons tjirtnriglit to bo free.
At Hope's approach tho spirits eager
bend,
And to her tale with liHtenino nr ntfotwl
In pleased surpriso, as from her tongue it
And deemed her blest to havo such news
to tell.
And now tho sister's grateful task being
uono,
The priceless blessings told, by valor won,
And ullo'er the event held brief commune,
The celestial choir their harps attune,
And a glad triumphant chorus raise,
A joyful anthem in freo Columbia's praise.
Now these supernal ceremonies o'er,
Hope returns to Atlantic's western shore,
And ftVfli Binrn liflfi linvnr'fl nnTinim tlioA
On poised wing upborne in middle air,
iuicuing our uer cuarge wan tendor
care ;
Stationed as Freedom's faithful sentinel,
That she may each threat'ninz ill fore
tell. Now on tho nation's fate dark clouds
arise,
And Hope once moro to her sister spirits
hie.
With heavy heart sho wings her upward
flight.
To herald alas ! the knell of human right.
But, how different her receptien now.
As she arrives with sorrow darkenod brow, i
ro smiles illumine eaoh celestial lace,
Each step has lost its lightsome easy
grace ;
All with aspect clouded by doubt and fear,
Slowly approach the stricken messenger,
And when tho melancholy talo was heard,
Deep pity, each angelic bosom stirred,
Sorrow with a tear dimmed ovtry eye,
And anguish wrung from every heart a
siph,
While Hope, more deeply grieved than
all the rest,
Turned her face in sadness towards the
west,
For ono last lingering look at that fair
land,
Whose desolation she foresaw l hand,
Ere sho folded her wings and gave it o'er,
To the furious tide she could stem no
more.
With tearful eyes she wared a last faro-
well
And turned her from tho land she lovsd
so well.
Thus to me tho dying Ye.ir did say
As on the midnight gale it passed away,
Foretelling dark and direst ills to come.
Of bloodshed and death within the happy
home,
Of horrors dread and fiercest civil war,
Of cruel Deastation's dreadful car,
And all attendant ills that in their train,
Concur the people's bravest blood todrain,
llj young pen, the task attempts in vain,
ut writing ail mat swoiiod 'tho mournful
strain.
It is enough that wo may ere long behold
All the dire misfortunes therein foretold.
May Heaven in time avert the fearful
blow ;
And spare the land this dreadful seone of
woo!
I would long ere this havo quit this
gloomy theme,
Or treated it as a passing idle dream.
But my the heart's foreboding thoughts
would guide,
Though to change their ourrcnt I in rain
have tried,
Oh ! may another New Year prove them
wrong 1
Thon I can greet you with a livelier song.
The Now Haven (Conn.) city election,
on Friday resulted in an emphatio Demo
cratic victory. The Democratic majorl ty,
in a poll of 5,000 votes, is about 500. The
town embraces Fair Haven and Westville,
which always give Republican majorities;
MBIT.
GOVERNOR'S MESSAGE.
To Ms Senator and members of Ms House 0
,cl(.i, y M Vommonwealth of
Pennsylvania :
GlNTLKlf EN Tn llll.mlllln. ,V. M
-- . iviu? uvu"
eral Assembly my last snnual-communi.
inviuii, m ia mo iource 01 unieigned gratifi
cation to be able to announce to the peo
pie, and to their representatives.that, not-
wiuiiwDuing me present unfavorable
crisis in tbe monetary affairs of this eoun
try. and the peiwal
ness and credit. th finanmai mmi:, nr
Pennsylvania is highly satisfactory.
lhe receints at the Stat T PAaaiifir fttm
all sources, for the fiscal year endi'ne on
""i" 01 xiovemDer, isou, were f 3,479,
257 31, to which add the available balance
in the Treasury on the 1st day of Decern
her. 1859, $839,323 09, and the whole sum
available tor the year will be found to be
$4,318,580 40. The expenditures, for all
purposes, for the same period, were
$3,637,147 32 ; leaving an available bl
ance in the Treasury, on the 1st day of
December, 1800, of $081, 433 08. The fol
lowing items are embraced in the exnon
ditures for the fiscal year, viz :
Loans rodeemed . . $964,657 5
Kelief notes cancelled - . 1,81100
Interest certificates - . ' 2,43s 6t
Domestic creditors' certificates (40
Damages on the publie works, and
old claims ... 22,044 32
Making. of the publio debt actually
paid during the year -
9US7 80
The funded and unfunded debt of the
Commonwealth, or. the 1st duv of Decem
ber, J859, was as follows:
l-UNDID CI11T.
6 por eent loans -5
do do -4J
do do -4
do do
Total funded dobt
1400,030 00
37,625,153 37
388,200 00
100,000 00
. 38,51 3,983 37
CNFCNUKD DEBT.
Relief notes in circulation
Intorest certificates outstanding .
Do do unclaimed
Dutocrtio creditors
Total unfunded debt
$101,213 00
18,613 82
4,448 33
802 50
124,977 70
Making the entire debt of tbe Common
wealth, at the period named, $38.G38.
90107. The funded and unfunded debt of the
State, at the close of tho last fiscal year,
December 1, 1800, stood as follows;
ritiDlU DIOT.
8 per cent, loan -
$400,030 00
a do do
41 do do .
4 do do .
Total finded debt
36,91)7,2 115 72
381,200 CO
100,000 00
37,849,125 72
l-.VVUNDED DIOT.
Relief notes in circulation $99,402 00
lalerostceitificatesoutstauJing - 16,074 30
Do do uncluiuiod 4,448 38
Domosuo creditors certibcatea 797 10
Total funded debt
120,771 78
Making the entire publio debt of Pcnnt
sylvania, on the 1st day of December last,
SJ7.U09.847 SO.
To pay the principal and interest of this
debt, besides tho ordinary sources of reve
nue, the Commonwealth holds the follow
ing mortgage bonds, derived from the salo
ol her public improvements ;
Ronds of Penn'a Railroad Co., . $7,200,000 00
Ronds of Sunbury A Kris R.R. Co., 3,600,000 00
Donds ol Wyoming Canal Company, 281,000 00
Total .
10,981.000 00
At the clof of th fiscal year, on
the 1st day of December, 1357,
the publie debt of this Common
wealth, founded and unfounded,
was - - - $39,881,739 22
It is now, at th eloe of the fiscal
year of 1860 - - . 37,069,847 50
Having been reduced, during th
last thro years -
1,911,890 72
Th ( available balance in the Trea
sury, on the 1st day of Decem
ber, 1867, was . . - $628,106 47
On th 1st December,1860, It was 681,433 08
Exceeding th former balance In
the sum of - -
Add to this the sum paid at th
Treasury, during the past three
years, for dobts and claims
agsinst the Comm3nw.ealth ari
sing oat of the construction and
maintenanc of th poblio im
provements,and which was sub
stantially a part of the unfunded
dobt of the Commonwealth,
amounting to - .
And we have th sum of -
163,326 61
171,661 82
224,991 42
By adding this sum to tho amount paid
on I ho public dobt from December 1, 1857,
to December 1, 1800, to wit: $1,911, 890
72. it will be found thatduiinc the past
three years the State has not only met
all her ordinary liabilities, including the
expenses ot government, and tho inter,
est on her public debt, but has diminish
ed her actual indebtedness tho sum of
$2 236,885 15.
When it is remembered thit for the
last three years tho tax on real and per
sonal estate has been but two and a half
mills on the dollar, whil troni 1844 to
1856 it was three mills that for the past
two years ana six months the Mate has
received no part of the lax on tonnage
due from the Pennsylvania railroad com
panyand that since July, 1859, the in
terest on the bonds held by the State
against the Sunbury and Erie railroad
company has remained due and unpaid,
it ia certainly cause for hearty congratu
lation, that, without aid from these im
portant sources of revenue, so treat a ro-
duteion of the publie debt has been
accomplished in comparatively so short a
period. The funded debt of the State is
cow lost than it bas been since 13 12, and
TEEMS $1
NEW
the unfunded and floating debt, which
at that time amounted to upwards of two
millions of dollars, has been almost en
tirely redeemed. It is now reduced to
$120,721 78 and of this sum ,ver nine
ty-nine thousand dollars consists of relief
notes, most of which are undoubtedly ei
ther lost or destroyed, and will, therefore,
never be presented for payment. The
claims against the State, accruiuc from
the construction and maintenance of her
canals and railroads, are now reduced to a
mere nominal sum : and. in the future.
after providing for the ordinary expenses
01 government, nor revenues and her en
ergies may be exclusively aDnliod to nnv-
uicubui lue interest, ana me discharge or
mo (inucipai 01 ner public dept.
The people of this Commonwealth
hitherto mot. with Dromntness. th dns
mandsmado upon them, from time to
me ror the ways and means of replenish-
Tv.i ,; tn .
nig moiuuiic ireasury ; ana now, that
they see that the onerous debt with
which they have so long been burdened,
is each year certainly and rapidly disap
pearing that the amount required to
uirci, ma merest 13 rapidly Deiog dimin
ished that consequently a still eceater
sum can each year be devoted lo the re
duction of the principal of the debt.
without resortijg to additional sources of
revenue and that, with a proper hus
banding of the resources. the dav is notdis
tan t when direct taxation in Pennsvlva-
tiiu will cease altogether tho payment
of such taxes as may for the time ho re
quired to meet tho necessities, will con
tinue to be met with cheerfulness and
alacrity. But they will unnuestionablv
hold those to whose care they; have
entrusted me nnancial interests of the
Stato to a rigid accountability. That
there should at this particular juncture,
when the business and monetary affairs of
the country aro so greatly depressed, bo
me strictest economy 111 public expendi
tures, is so manifest, that it can scarcely
be nocessary to call Ktter.tion to so plain a
duty, It is equally clear that any legis
lation wliieu would tend greatly to lessen
the revenues of the Common wealth, would
at this time, be peculiarly unwiso and in.
expedient. The exigencies of tho future
no man can foretell the prospect before
us is beclouded with doubt and uncertain
ty it in, therefore no more than tho part
of wisdom to guard, with unceasing vigi
lance, all our present sources of revenue,
and to thus be prepared for every possi
ble contingency.
Since July, 1858, the Tennsylvania rail
roud company hns refused to pay the tax
on tonnage required to be paid by the
act incorporating the company, and its
various supplements, and there is now
due to tho Stato, on that account, exclu
sive of interest, the sum of $074,200 22,
Including the interest, the sum now due
is about $700,000. Before my last annual
message was communicated to the LfgU
luture, a cose had been tried in the cotrt
of common pleas of Dauphin county, be
tween the Commonwealth and the rail,
road company, involving the question of
tho constitutionality of this tux, which
was decided in favor of the St ate, and the
imposition of the tax pronounced consti
tutional. In January last, another suit
was tried bslween tho siune parties, in the
same court, involving the same question
with a liko result. In December lust, a
judgment was obtained in the district
court of I'hil vdolphia, upon ono of
the semi-annual settlements, for SI 10,000.
So that judgment has been obtained for
$305,000 of the dobt, being the whole
amonnt which became due prior to 1800.
The tax which accrued during tho past
year, amounts to 08,820 03. The first
settlement for tho year u before tho Dau
phin county court on an appeal taken by
the company ; and the second, or last, sou
tlcmcnt was made but a few days sinco by
the accountant department of tho Com
monweal tn.
After the recovery in the oommon pleas
of Dauphin county, the cases twere remo
ved by wriH of error, taken on behalf of
tbe defendants, to the Supreme Court of
this State, whore thoy were argued in
Juno last, and in October that tribunal
sustained the decision of tho court
of common pleas, and held the tax
to be clearly constitutional ; thus uniting
with the law making power in iilirming
the right of the State to tax a corporation
under a law to which it owes its existence.
But, notwithstanding this concurrence of
opinion and action on behalf of the con
stituted authorities of Pennsylvania, the
litigation is not yet at an end; for the
railroad company has recently removed
tho cacs, by writs of error, to tho Su
preme Court of tho United Slates, where
they are now peuding. That the decision
of that court will, when made, fully sus
tain the right of a soveroign State to en
force a contract between the State and a
corporation, and entirely vindicate the
power of a State to imposo such tuies
upon corporations, as in her sovereign
will she may deem proper, I cannot for a
moment doubt.
To complete the history of this impor
tant litigation, and to show that every ef
fort has been, thus far, inado to compel
the payment of this large sum of money
Into the Treasury of the State, it is prop
er to add, that the law oflicer of the Com
monwealth, being of opinion that the
writg of error wore not issued frora tho
Supreme Court of the United Slates io
time to prevent the collection of tliejudg
monts rendered in tho State courts, exe
cutions were issued to the Slier ill' of the
County of Dauphin, end proceedings are
now pending in the Supreme torn t of tins
SU)o, to determine whether tho Common
wealth can compel the payment of the
judatnenjs already recovered, before the
final decision by the Supreme Court of tho
United States.
Die Sunbury and Erie railroad compa
ny having failed to negotiate its mort
gage bonds in their present condition, the
expectations confidently enterUinad of
25 per Annum, if paid in advance.
SERIES VOL. I. NO 25
an oarly completion of that most Impor
tant improvement, nave not been realized.
The work during the past year, however,
auuougii greatly retarded, bos been con
tinually progressing ; upwards of one mil.
non o. aoiia noving been expended on
the line from November, 1859, to Novem
ber, I860. The whole length of the road,
from the borough of Sunbury to tho hnr-
ooron tneiaite,at tbe city of Erie, is 288
miles : of which 148 miles are now finish
ed and in operation, and 115 miles of the
remaining portion of the line are graded ;
leaving but twenty-five miles yet to grade.
Pennsylvania is largely interested ia the
early completion and success of this great
tuorougniure, not only becauss sbe is tbe
creditor of the company to the amount of
tnree ana a nait millions of dollars, but
for the additional, and more oocent rea
son, that the improvement, when comple
ieu, win open one oi tbe most important
channels of trade between the city of Phil
adelphia and the great lakes of tho west,
at the bestt harbor on Lake Erie, entirely
within tbe limits of our own State, which
has ever been contemplated. It will,
moreover, develops the rescu 03 of a
large portion of North. western Pennsyl
vania, abounding with the richest miner
als, and a lumber region of unsurpassed
excellence, which the munificent hand
of the State has hitherto totally neglected
By disposing cf Tier blanch canals to that
company, in exchungo for its mortgage
bonds, the State has already largely aided
in the construction of this great work ;
and itmoy be necessary, to insure its corn
pletion, that further legislation should be
had in order to render the means of tho
company available. It is evident that
a liberal poliey, on the part of the gov
ernment, will promote alike the interests
of the Commonwealth and the railroad
company ; nevertheless, great care should
be tuken to protect, as 'ar es possible, the
debt new duo from the company to the
State. If all propositions which maybe
mado for a change in the securities now
held by the Conuuonwoulth, be carofully
considered by tho Legislature, and no
more yielded than sound economy, de
mands, with proper provision for the duo
application of whatever means may be
realized, it is belioved that sufficient re
lief can bo granted to the company, to
enable it promptly to finish the road,
while the security remaining will be fully
adequate to insure the ultimate payment
of the principal and interost of the bonds
of tho railroad company now held by the
Commonwealth.
I commend this sul ject to the Legisla
ture a one entitled to its most careful
consideration, as well on acoount of its
vast importance to that portion of the
Slate through which the railroad passes
to the cities of Philadelphia and Erie-
ana to tno railroad oompany as to tbo
Commonwealth herself. Promising that
whatever policy it may be thought expe
dient to pursue, should be adopted solely
with refercuco to sjthe protection and
furtherance of the publio interests.
The attention of tbe Legislature is again
invited to the subject of general educa
tion. At the present juncture it presents
peculiar claims. Tho experience of a
quarlorof a century has satisfied the pro-
vcrniauy cautious people 01 r ounsyivama,
of tho aduptedtioss of the common school
system to their wants and condition. No
less has the severe ordeal of the past three
years shown its capability to endure those
sudden reverses which occasionally pros
trate the other in tores ts of the communi
ty. Involving greater expenditure lhau
the rest of the departments of govern
nient, ami that, too, mainly drawn from
direct taxation, it is a proud fact, that,
while most o f the enterprises of society
have been soriottsly cmbarrassod, and
some of them suspended, by the pecunia
ry crisis of 1857, our educational system
has not bocn retarded in any appreciable
degree. On the contrary, its operations
have boen maintained, to on extent which
plainly indicates that our citizens fully
appreciate its value. Contrasting its main
results during tho pat year, with those of
1857, we find that the whole numoer of
pupils now in the schools, is 647,414, be
ing an increase of 4 1,422 ; these wore
taught in 11,577 schools, 021 more than
in 1857, during an aveiago to nil of five
months and five and ono holidays, at
SO cents por pupil, por montSfby 11,005
teachers, being 52'J more than iu 1857.
Tho cutiio expenditure of the system, for
tho post year, including that of the School
Dopartmout, is $2,6,18,550 80. Those fig.
ures aflbrd some idea of the magnitude of
the operations of the system ; bat neithor
words nor figures can adequately express
tho importance of its influence upon the
present, or its reluticns to the future
In contemplating the details of a plan
for the duo training of the youth of a com
munity, its large proportions and impos.
ing array of statistics do not display the
points of its greatest imprrtanoe. Tupils
may bo enrolled by hundreds of thou
sands ; school houses of the best struc
ture and mot convenient arrangements
may bo dolled at convenient distances
over the whole face of tho land ; the most
perfect order of studies may no adopted,
aud the bst possible selection of books
be made ; but what aro all thes, without
the learned and skillful, the faithful, mor
al and devoted teacher ? Wkhout this
animating spirit, all is barrei and un
fruitful. In this vital department, I am,
happy to announce that the improvement
of the common school teachers of the
State shows more solid advancement,
within tho pat three years than any oth.
or branch of the system. This, therefore,
being the point whence a'.l lul progress
in learning and culture must originate, is
ulso tho one to which the fostering atten
tion and care of the publio autlioritioi
should be mainly directed.
Our peculiar mode of training loaahou
under the normal aot of 1857, has now
stood the test of practical experience j
acd, against the iaot adverse oiroumsUa-
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