'/1& (i • ft** fl 'V ;V ' ' rf <» . -:
C tear fie Iv Mem H es> n b It t an
—....— ■ ■ ■ —. •_ r~7
A WEEKLY PAPER: PUBLISHED IN CLEARFIELD, BY D, W. MOORE AND CLARK WILSON ; DEVOTED TO POLITICS, LITERATURE, AGRICULTURE, MORALITY, AND FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE.;
<&>=.
For the licpvhUcan.
“’TIS SPUING.”
'BY OUWII OVSBY.
Ah yosrl ’tla Spring— tlio boon are humming—
Horeanrt there in merry .glco ■
Tho feathered w-nrblerß too nro coming,
Nature’s “opening day” to boo.
•Tho Bongstors.of tho pond nro waking.
Thb morry. frogß nro croaking now :
.Gladness o’or tho saoiio is breaking,
Sorrow hides her peneivc brow.
Sunshine o’or tho woodland streaming,
Wakes tho murmur from tho.hlll,
With beauty on its surfaco gleaming—
Coursing onwnrd, never stiU.
Musio with its progress blending,
Nature's nnthoms still arise;
Hymns of praises oft nseending,
To tho bright and benutoous ekiop.
Thus tho cbnngos ovor mooting,
In my soul n wolcomo smilo, ■>
Starts tho thought, that's worth repenting—
And thus claims my pea nithile.
Wo are liko tho son pons—changing—
Spring and Sununor cross our path
And Winter in his progress ranging.
His dominion o’er us hath.
In Onrly Spring tho bud unfolding.
In beauty bursts when Summer's near,.
And Autumn when tho honrt !b moulding—
Preparing for nnotlicr sphere.
Thon Winter in his fierceness breathing.
Calls the flowers to li^sto^nway—
While round their homos Hm snowTs wreathing,
Crowning thorn with tflvbc cfin).
Bee tho aged father bending
’Neath tho weight of years and care,
Soo tho goldon'ringlets blending.
With tho thin and silvory hair.
Thus tho seasons ovor fleeting,
Spring and Surumor lead tho your,
Thon again ns soon retreating,
Loavo but Wintor in their sphoro.
May, 185-1.
From the National Intelligencer.
UOY. WM. P. DUVAL.
Tho late William P. Duval, whose death
took place at Washington on the lDth inst.,
wns a typo of the genuino American char
acter —apt, self-relying,and fertile in natu
ral resourses. He was born in Virginia,
of ono of its old families. Some early
pranks of a whimsical, but innocent kind,
gained him tho character of an “unlucky
boy," prono to all kinds of mischief. Thu
harsh treatment he oxperiencetL in conse
quence stung him to'the qutclt Heconsde
ed himself misunderstood and
“I’ll go from homo, and shift lor my
I J»»»
There was at tint time a rage for emi
gration to Kentucky. He had heard won
ders of that country, and of the glorious
independent life of tile hunters, wlm ran ■
ed in the forests and lived by the rifle. He
determined tp go there end a J°P ll^
mode of life. His father considered it the
nassin" caprice of a boy, being little aware
of his character. Finding, ho
he was not to be moved either by persua
aion on remonstrance, he gave way to his
humor, trusting that a little rough expen
once'would soon bring him home again.
Ho evln gave a well-filTed purse to assist
E, o n Si. *»ylhri» g . Tte
mi lo without raoingl»» "J^EoVnnol
So i«r".“your»ir-»""ol; ,10.. oNtim.”
••How am I to travel there t
“Why, I Bupposo.you are man eno g
“X™ &y. '“St™,
would fake him at his word ; »>ut he Utter
was thoroughly piqued in respect to the en
oror se so he pocketed the purse made
up his p’ack, and*girded up h.s loins for the
j °«When will you come back 1” asked his
. ho h y »o f round hi. nook woop
iD «Never, by heavens! till I come back a
tail end of the family.
This was the launch forth n me
“oidodTS :!S »■ I»f “«■ %“•
ing a fue at night in some woods or ravine,
and sleeping before it in hunters sty .-
At length he arrived at Bro ' vn , s . v ‘ if.‘
A JESSMfc'
Tho”nnS P o r liio horn* wn. nntvillins
To ?“l . vagrant boy £ " h £
He was about to turn -him-off, when
wife interfered. i nf t ” said
“Where can you be going, my lad, saiu
she. ' ■ ■- , 1
“To Kentucky.’ ; „
“What are you going there tor i
“To hunt.” ' , A
- • She looked earnestly for a moment or
tV °Have you a mother living?” said she,
Rt ; sHif 'has boon dead for
' S °«i Vhou’ght so,” said she warmly ;“1
knew if you had a mother, you would not
b6 From"that moment,: tho good woman|
treated him during h>B sojourn with a wo-
m Emb k ar n ki n ngßt Wheeling,'* a flat-bot-
down the Ohiopast Cincinnati, then a mcro I
group of log cubins, and tho site* of Louis
villo, where then stood a solitary house,
until, after n voyage of sevoral days, ho
Inndod near tho mouth of Groen river, and
struck for tho in'orior of Kentucky.. lie '
had relations in Lexington, and other set- j
tied places; but ho resolved to keep clear
of them all, being resolutely bent on |
mnking his own way in tho world without
assistance or control. So he mndc for tho 1
wildest part of the country, ramping mil !
at night, and supping on a wild turkey
which he had shot. In the midst of tho |
wilderness, he was accosted by a man in !
a hunting'dress. • j
A Where nro you from?” said the latter, j
“From Richmond.” ' |
“What, in old Virginny ?” ' j
“Tho same.”
"How on earth did you get here?”
“I landed at Green river from n broad
horn.”
“And where are your companions ?”
“I have none.”
“Where are you going !"
“Anywhere.”
“What have you como here for ?”
“To hunt.”
“Well,cried the Other, laughing, “you’ll
make a real hunter, tliore’s no mistaking
that. Rut como, go homo with mo. My
name is Bill Smithers; I live not fur off;
stay with me a little while, and I’ll teach
you how to hunt.”
This was his first introduction into hunt,
ing lifo. Ho soon becarno expert in “wood
craft,” and was a great favorite among the
hardy hunters of Kentucky. lemain
ed among them until from the influx of
population, game became scarce, und un
til, probably, lie hnd satisfied the hunting
humor. lie now began to think lie was
fit for something bolter than to ca'n y a gun
on his shoulder day after day, dodging
ahodt after hears, deer, and other brute
beasts. He called to mind his boyish boast
—never to return home until lie relumed a
member of Congrcsslrom Kentucky. Was
this the way to fit himself for such a station 1
lie determined on becoming a lawyer.
It is true, he knew almost nothing, having
|pft Jiphrtfj J.O l.u/llcmj-m-tunnel
rule of three.
“Never mind,” snid lie to himself, “1
nm a terrible fellow for hanging on to any
thing when I’ve once made up my mmd;j
and if a man lias but ordinary capacity, |
and will set to work with heart and soul,
and stick to it, lie cun do almost anything.
Wo forbear to go into the detail of his
preparations for the bar,and his first launch
in the profession. The same spirit that
had brought him on fool to Kentucky, and
made a huntsman or him, curried him on
his new career. lie wns admitted to the
bar just as he was crossing the threshold
of Manhood. The county town where the
court was sitting was thronged by country
people. He was a stranger there. An in
cident made him at home as he entered the
public room ofan inn, wherelhero wassome
noise, and drinking. He sawn rough bully
of a fellow, who was partly intoxicated,
strike nn old itian. Duval knocked him
down, and kicked Him into the sireei Inn
moment, he had a dozen rough shakes or
the hand and invitations to drink, and found
himself quite a personage in the rough as
sombly.
The next morning tho court opened.
He took his seat among tho lawyers ns a
mere spectator. A man was to bo tri
ed for passing counterfeit money. ID
had no lawyer, and was told to choose one.
[le looked around the court and select.d
Tliivnl The latter wns astonished at being
chosen —he, a beardless youngster, un
practiced at the bar, perfectly unknown
His defence of his client was a perfect hit,
that and the kicking of the bully out of
doors, set him up in business. Suits crowd
ed in upon him; and ho soon becarno emi
nent in his profession, especially m the
branch of criminal lavy-
Tn 1812, ho signal/zed himself in an
other capacity, a company of
Kentucky mounted and p
tecting the frontier settlements in the val
eV of the Wabash from the murderous in
ofthomvos”- Whil " 1 ” b "f b fT.
home on his service, he was elected by Ins
neighbors to represent them m Congres .
Here was tho realization of his boyish
boast; he might now
nride to h ; s paternal homo. Ho had proven
£t he was not tho “tail end” of tho lam.ly
As a member of Congress, ho acquitted
himself with ability and credit; but aftpr
time retired voluntarily from political lifo,
and ’resled his profession. Hc wasnjw
• ® t j'on Affairs which ho atlihinis*
tored with gr J fe . L a|H j character-
He appreciated the dar^gfid^
resigned ‘this office of his own accord .after
fillinc it for twelve years. • ,
Most of his children having sCtt e
Texas, he was persuadcd. fivo 3j negg
since, to remove to that aiaie.
recently brought him to Washingto ,
cao‘c.r^R^Q3.£g3re?^ri^ng> 0 n^f Q ;aei3^>4i o
mutely was tho causo of his death, when
about seventy years of ago.
Few men who hnvo led such a varied
life, have left behind so pure and spotless
a name. His public services, and the in
tegrity nnd ability with which ho acquitted
himself of his public trusts, art* widely
kno\vn. His dauntless courage, too, has
been proved on various trying occasions.—
But it is among his intimates that his loss
will bo moro especially lamented ; among
tlinsn who delighted in his slmpto unnfTer.t>
cd goodness, his genial humor, his devoted
and unwnering friendship, in the kind and
generous qualities of bis heart, and tho
manly independence of his spirit. To such
t it will be a satisfaction tolearn that through
out his illness ho was exempt from sufTer
j ing, nnd, although nearly helpless, he was
cheerful to tho Inst; and as he closed his
eyes in death, a smile played upon his
venerable nnd beloved countenance, seem
ing to reflect good will to the world he was
leaving, and hopes of a happier state in
that to which ho wus going.
In concluding this busty sketch, wo can
not but repeat the words with which it com
menced was n. type of the genuine
I American character.
BIGLER vs. POLLOCK
A history of the lifo and public services
Ol JllllgC roIIOOR, Wflucii mi '•iiiumt**® 15
friend of Ids in the western part of the slate,
has been going tho rounds of the Whig
prcs9 for the last three or four weeks.
It seems that Mr. Pollock’s father was a
wealthy farmer and merchant, residing at
or'closo by Milton, Northumberland coun
ty, l’n., and that his son James received
from him nil the benefits of a full collegi
ate course—that he afterwards read law
and was admitted to the bar. In the win
ter of 1845, he was elected to Congress to
fill the vacancy occasioned by the death
of Gen Frick. The district is now, and
was then, strongly Democratic, and yet he
was eloclcd. Mr. Pollock’s friend, how
ever, omits to state that both his predeces
sors aud tho gentleman who succeeded
him, wero Whigs. When this becomes
known, his election is not so wondeful'rif
| ter all
obliged toil Tor his bread almost <w,
infancy, which is entitled to the most cred
it for the position he holds os the nominee
of his parly for the high office of Governor.
The one surrounded from the beginning
by troops of wealthy and influential friends,
over ready, to encourago him in disappoint
ment and'sustuin him in defeat— will) all
iho advantages of a liberal education ; auU
the other compelled to struggle alone, un
supported and unassisted except by his o« u
industry and perseverance,
Bi'der has already served one term as
Governor of Pennsylvania. He discharged
his duty with ability rarely equalled and
never excelled by any of his predecessors.
Ho is emphatically a self-made man the
people aio satisfied to continue him as their
Gov. and just as certain us the adof Oc
lober comes round, ho will bo elected
fill that high office for another term.
SUCCESS IS LIFIS.
'f'tfe difference in men’scharacter is very
strongly marked. Some men arc weak
n „d Urnid, in the whole course of their
lives Others yield to no dilhcu.ty, andg
strnh'hl ahead, prostrating whatever oppo
sition lies in their path. A good dea of
d,is is owing to early education. Ihe child
brought up in luxury almost ulways re
alizes an manhood. I’lunl an
acorn in a flower pot, and rear it green
house, and, though it grow up in he
form of an oak, it will be quite, unlike that
reared umid the snows and Hie storms
of the mountain top.
In nino cases out of ten, the education
whitch a man gives himself is the most im
portant. One of the worst foes to the sue
cess of most men is the indulgence of a
Sof indecision. Nothing Is mote en
fecblin" or destructive of mental forco.
The man who never commits himself—
It ie always delaying, who ne.e,
makes up his mind, gives others the im
nression that ho has little or no mind to
make up. The only remedy for this up
parent want of capacity is promptness.
T know tho right, anil I npprovo it, too;
I 1 know the wrong, yot the wrong pureue.
So sun" the poet; and the poet s, coup
let is echoed in tho lives and characters ol
than half of mankind. Happiness
rC"", “» «™«g°ly blended in .he
world; hut the good or ill success of life is
their own fault. The remedy for ineffi
ciency, is promptness; and now ts a good
and getting time to form resolutions foi the
uro. .
Destruction of the Croton Dam.
Tho Croton Dam, nt Croton Falls, has
damages is not known,.
'WThree of the wind growers Of Head
have “on. »ri.<i 5 Gov. Seymore,
”f S Ne“v YoXoaoh oaodoeon bollto ”f
9* 7 . r ihfiir own manufacture,
"“yt^mbracin^ree'different varieties*, no
h.s.re^n 1
; Suf the prohibition liquor law, . ;
VETO MESSAGE OF PRESIDENT PIERCE.
Tb the Senate of tilt United States :
Tho bill entitled “An act making a grant
of public lands to tlio ' ’tales for tho
benefit of indigent ini ions,” which
was presented to mo oi ultimo, has
been maturely, consif is returned
to the Senate, tho Hi lich it origi
nated, with a stolen ie objections
which have required thhold from
it my approval.
In tlie performanct prescri
bed by tho Constitution, I have been com
pelled to resist tho deep sympathies of my
own heartin fuvpr of the humano purpose
sought to bo» accomplished, nnd to over
come thq reluctance with which I dissent
from the conclusions of the two Houses of j
Congress, am) present my own opinions
in opposition to the action of a co-ordinatoj
branch cf tho Government, which posses- 1
scs so folly my confidence and respect. |
If, in presenting my objections to lhiS|
bill, I sliould say more than strictly be- (
longs to the measure, or is required for tho |
discharge of my official obligation, let it be |
attributed to a sincere desire to justily my |
act before llioso whose good opinion l so,
highly value,nnd to that earnestness which |
springs from my deliberate coviction, that
a strict iiJherencc tpthe terms and purpo
con of the Federal rnmtiwt .->l7L.rcjUi, Imot .
if not the only, security for the preserva
tion of our blessed inheritance of represen
tative liberty.
The bill provides, in substance :
jFirst, That ten millionsof acres of land
bo granted to tho several States, to be op-1
portioned among them in the compound j
ratio of the geographical area and repre
sentation of said Slates in tho llouso of t
Representatives. - 1 )
Second. That wherever there are public 1
lands in a State subject to sale at the reg
ular price of private entry, the proportion
of said ten millions ofacrcs falling
State, shall be selected from such lands'
within it; nnd that to the Slates in which 1
there are no such public lands, land scrips j
shall be issued to the amount of their dis- j
tributivc shores, respectively; said scrip,
not
assignees, provided that none of it shall be
less than one dollcr per acre, un
der penalty of forfeiture of the same to the j
Unilec States.
Third. That the expenses of the man
agement nnd superintendence of said lands
nndof.he moneys received therefrom, shall
bo paid by tho’Stntcs to which they may
belong, out of the treasury of said States.
Fourth. That the gross proceeds of the
sales of such lands, or land-scrip so grant
ed, slull be invested by the several States
in sufa stocks, to constitutes a perpetual
fund, the principle of which shall remain
forever undiminished, nnd the interest to
bo appropriated to the maintenance of the
indigent insane within the several States.
Fi r lh. Thai annual returns oflands or
scrip sold shall be made by the Stales to the
Secretary of the Interior, and the whole
uranl bo’oubjcct lo certain uoinJlilous an
limitations prescribed in the bil ,to o as
sented to by legislative acts oi said States.
This bill, therefore, proposes that the
Federal Goverment shall make provision
to the amount of the value of ten millions
ofacrcs of land, for on elemosynary ob
ject within 'he several States, to be ad
minister by the political authority of the
same ; and it presents, as the threshold,
the question, whether any such act, on the
part of the Federal Government, is war
ranted und sanctioned by tho Constitution,
the provisions and principles oi which are
to be protected and sustained as a first and
paramount duty.
It cannot be questioned that if Congress
huve power to mako provision for the in
digent insane witl/out the limits of this dis
trict, it has tho samo power to provide lor
tliu indigent who ure not insane j and thus
to trunsler to tho Federal Government the
charge of all the poor in all the States.—
It has Hie same power to provide hospitals
nnd otler local establishments for the care
and cure of every spegjes of human intir
mitv, and thus to assume all that duty of
either public philanthrophy, or public tic
cessity to the dependent, the orphan, the
sick, or the needy, which is now dischar
sied by the States themselves, or by cor
porate insitutions, or private endowments
existing ufder tho legislation of the States.
Tho whoW field of public bomficcnce is
thrown opeb to the care and culturo of the
Federal Gbvernment. Generous impul
ses no longer encounter tho limitations and
control of our.imperious fundamental law.
For however worthy may be tho present
object within itself,, it is only one of a
class It is not exclusively worthy n . *“*_
neveient regard.' Whatever ennsidora tons
sr.jmV.i.y r« s'™ rs
oddlYi in tike manner, if not in the same
degree, to idiotcy, to physical disease,- to |
eX lf Conaross 0 may «nd ought to provide
'for any opo of these objects, it.mny and
ouVht to provide for them all. And fit
,e: q rase what nnswer.shall be
KSSSisssss*
thy, but that the application has token a
wrong direction.
The power will have been deliberately
assumed. ' The general obligation will, by
this act, ltnvo been acknowledged, and the
question of expediency will alone bo left
for consideration. The decision upon tho
principle, in any ono case determines it
for tho wholoclass. Tho question presen
ted, therefore, clearly is upon the consti
tutionality and propriety of tho Federal
Govornmont assuming to ontor into a nov
el and vast field of legislation, namely,
that of providing for tho care and support
of all those, nmong.the people of tho Uni
ted States, who, by any form of cnlumity
become fit objects of public philanthropy.
I rendily, and, I trust feelingly, acknowl
edge the duty encumbent on us all, ns men
and citizens, and ns among the highest and
holiest of our duties, to provide for tlioso
who, in the mysterious order of Providenco
are subject to want and disease of body and
mind, but l. cannot find any authority in
tho Constitution for makiug tho Federal
Government the great almoner of public
charily throughout the United'Statcs. To
do so would, in my judgment, be contrary
j to the letter and spirit of the Cohstitutiont
land subversive of the wholo theory upon
which the Union of theso States is {punde’d:
And if it were ndmissablo to contenlnlate
mo exercise ot mis power, tor any oujcoi
whatever, 1 cannot avoid the belief it would,
in tho end, be prejudicial rather than ben
eficial to tho noble offices of
have tho charge df them transferred from
tho States to tho Federal Government.
Are we not too prone to forget tliaj, the t 0 humanity, malm any adequate compen-
Federal Union is the creature oftlie States, sa |j o n for tiio wrong you would inflict by
not they of the Federal Union? We were removing the sources of power and polil
the inhabitants of Colonies distinct in local j ca i ac ii on fromthose who a*e tobethereby
government one from the other, before tho a (p ec ted. Ifthe time shall everarrivo when,
Revolution. By that Revolution the Col- (or an object appealing howevor strongly
onics each became an independent Stato. l 0 our sympathies, the dignity oftlie States
They achieved that independence, and so- s | )a |[ how to the dictation of Congress, by
cured its recognition by the agency of a conforming their legislation thereto, when
consulting body, which from being an the'power, and majesty, and honor of those
assembly of the ministers of the different «ho created shall become subordinate to
sovereignties, instructed to agree to no the thing of their creation, I but feebly ut
form of government which did not leave [ Pr my apprehensions when I express my
the domestic concerns of each State to firm conviction that we shall:sea “tho I ha-.
Coneress. - "When,- having tried Hie expo- Fortunately, we nre not left in doubt as
riment of the confederation, they resolved to the purposeof the Constitution,any more
to change that for the present Fede^Jf^ n , IS to its express language, for alttio
Union, and thus to confer on the Federal' hist ory of its format.on, as recorded m
Government more ample authority, they t h e Madison papers, shows that the red
scrupulously measured such of tho func- cra | Government, in its present form,
lions P of their cherished sovereignly as they emerged from the conflict of opposing; ln
choosc to delegate to tho General Govern- fluenccs, which have continued ’dm
!l nt ■ statesmen from that day to this, yet the
With this aim, and to this end, the fath- rule of clearly defined powers, and of
ersoftho Republic framed the Constitu-1 slr i cl construction, presided over tlieac
tion in and by which the independent and tuo i conclusion and subsequent adoption
sovereign States united themselves, forcer* of the Constitution. _ _ , ,
tain specified objects and purposes,and for President Madison, in
'hese only,leavinge.il powers not therein set says : _»Tho powers delegated by * b _P ‘
forth as conferred on one or another of the pose d Constitution to the Federal Govern
hree ere™departments, the legislative, l men t, are few and defined. Those which
the executive, and the judicial, indutitably arc to remain in the State S°^ er " mc “! s ’
with the States And when the people ol are numerous and indefinite. Its (the
lie had. in their State con- * General Government’s) «ju™d,ction «.
"-‘-•.•"jn’Sr- sstSK
in rninm. «>'«« «“'nr,.nd In.bl.blo sovoroignty ow. all
the scope and character of this act, they other objects. -
" f ,L thereon the explicit declaration i n the same spirit, President Jefferson
engrafted thereon exp invokcg .. lho SU p port of the State govern
’“‘The nowers not delegated to the Uni- mcn ts in all their rights as the most com
ted States bv the Constitution, nor prohib-j pat ant administrations for our domestic
it to the States'ard. roserved to the ■ concerns, and tho surest bu , l , war J, Q & ‘
T c ' iv 1 y ' “" 4 t
involved, in tho social rclat ons, to in , >o t t h o contrary, they consist,
nul arrangement of the f P °' “the l , “not in binding tho States more closely to
mental and moral cullu c I .| IP centre, bulin leaving each more unob
punishment of crimes. m genera' ita propcr orbit. . . .
servation of ordei , the lehc. , framers of tho Constitution, in re*
dy, or otherwise unfortunate members on lho Fcdcral Gov ern.
society, did in practice, ren ?? m "‘l, t ment n a ny jurisdiction over these purely
States; that none of these olaectsoflocal W B> in roy judgment, manifested
concern are, by the Constitul.on, - P q wiso forecast and broad comprehension
ly or impliedly prohibited to lb > of ,i, O true interists of these objectsthem
and that none of them are, by any P clear that public chanties
language of the Constitution £ »Jthe States can be efficiently adrmn
to.the United States ? Can it be ciatm their authority. Tho btll
that any of these functions of locnQ J m , ic bpforc m e concedes this, for it, does not
.istration and legislation are vested in th b lhQ runds it provides to tho admin
rsswMgK feaSnat.-.-
powers touching the subject, 0 f munificent establishments of local bepifig
of accomplishing or executing things of supposo as t iey w. , t l 0 make
Federal relation. So, fori. chobjects! iW fountain,;of
‘ charity
cd^C^rmUed^or n riri<Sedonly «!«?* .2™^^
tho States, ’FederalGoy
purpose of protecting their copsoioia reversing their truo relation ta
.** ° broad ° f * : vmw,of,UiO
surrectidmat honie, rnow . tionß of the ’powers 'conferred rib* WU
: I shall pot 'discuss; the question p ... o ch e first article ol lho Conslilttf
or sometimes claimed for General Gov ? . n- por call, n.ten.iQh &
ment, upde’r the clause of tho eighth* hQ P, t y lird se ctipn of lho fowrtb:arUote,b«»»
lion of the Constitution, which giy° -tirecilv upon tho question updcflJbOi
Sthrower: “to la;/ aqd'collect) axes £g .instead ;of. aiding^
duties imposts], and excises, to P 0? e -■ j o | a im to potivor exorcised in this «Mise,.«nd.
cause if it has not been already settled,
upon sound reason and authority! it never’
will be. I take (ho received and just con
struction of that article, ns if written to
lay and collect taxes, imposts, and excises,
in order to pay the debts, and in order to
provido for tho common defence and gen.
oral welfare. It is not a substantive gen
eral power to provido for the welfare of
of tho United States, but is a- limitation on
tho grant of power to raise money by tax
es, duties, and imposts. If it wore other
wise, all the rest of the Constitution, con
sisting Of carefully enumerated, and cau;
tiously guarded grants of specific powers,
would have been useless, if not delusive.
It would be impossible in that view,
to escape from the conclusion, that these
were inserted only to mislead for the pres,-
ent, and instead of enlightening and de
fining tho pathwny.of the future, to involve
its action in tho mazes of doubtful con
struction. Such a conclusion the charac
ter of tho men who framed that sacred in
strument will never permit us to form. In
deed, to suppose it susceptible of any oth
er construction would be to consign all the
rights of the States, and of the people of
the Stales, to the mere discretion of Con
.gross, and thus to clothe the Federal Gov
ernment with authority of control tho sov
ereign Stales, by which tho States would
partmentp, and all sovereignty vested in
an absolute consolidated central power,
against which the spirit of liberty has so
ofien, and In so many countries, struggled
I in vain.
| In my judgment you cannot, by tribute
•;■ •
:./.i o(ff
!• • ;:T“
<sW‘