THE DIVISION OF TIME. j
Many ages must luu'e elapsed after the,
creation of the world before any meshed of,
computing Time, or of dai'ng events, was;
brought into cstnblislied use. Atu very
■ early period, time was measured by the
rovpjutions of the moon, the seasons sue-|
'i'jCesaiyo returns of labor and rest; but so
tMe os the age of.Honier tv formal calender
seems to Imvo been unknown to history,
or a register of events.
The division of days into weeks is the
most ancient way of waking time, probably
took pinqc at the Creation. The next di
yiaipp wns lint of montin, which uppen ml
fo hnvc been in iisc-befnn; the: r’luoil. — 1
*Tho months were rnarked bv the ri-vuki
tions of the moon, consequently were cal-*
led lunar months.
The highest natural division of time is
into years. At first a year consisted ol
only twelve lunar months. It is supposed
that this method of reckoning was in use
ns early as the Lelugo, and tlmt it con
tinued lor many ages after, lint this was
n very imperfect mode of computing time,
for a luner your was nearly eleven days
shorter then a solar year; hence the
months conid not very long correspond
with the season, liven in the space of 17
years tjie winter months would have
changed places with those of summer.
The calender which is now generally
‘ndoplcd in the Christian world was institut
ed by Romulus. [lis y ear began on the
1 st of March and continued only ten
months, or about 30-1 days, hence was
ypry imperfect. Numn gave tho year
33$ days, added two months, and transfer
red tho beginning of the year to the 1 st
pf January. But this was still making
the yenr too short.
When Julius Cresnr obtained the sover
eignty of Rome, he found the months had
changed from the seasons, and in order to
bring them forward to their places, he
fowled P long year of If) months or -CIO
ijliiys, -..This has been called the year ol
ieponfusion. It ended January 1 st, forry
five years beforo Christ. From this period
Jho Julian year of 305 day 9 and 0 hours
commenced, The common years contain
ed Stif) days, bu' once every fuiir years
,lhe six hours amounted to nnother duy,
-pnd this was added to the twenty-eighth ol
February, or the sixth calends of March,
yvhirjh yvus to be reckoned twice, hence
Jhis year was stvled Bisscxile, or Leap
year.
The Julian yenr, however, wus still im
perfect, for the earth performs its, nnnuul
circuit round the sun in three hundred and
sixty-five days, five honrs and forty-eight
minutes, forty-five and a hnlf seconds;
‘"hence the solar venr was shorter tlinn Ju-
lian, or civil year, hv elevon minutes, and
fourteen nnd a half seconds, which in
two hundred and thirty years amounted to
a day.
In the course of time this inconvenience
becoming 100 considerable to bo unnoticed,
Pope Gregory, XIII, substituted a new cal
ender, called the Gregorian Calender or
new style. It was published in March,
A. D. 1582. Ten days hud now been
gained by ihe old mode of reckoning, and
theso were struck out of,the month of Oc-
Jobcr following, by reckoning the fifth day
of that month the fifteenth.
And in order to prevent the occurrence
pf n similar variation in time to come, he
ordained that one dny should be added to
every fourth year as before, and that front
the year 1680 every fourth centenial year
should bo reckoned ns a leap year, and the
Other three centenial years ns common
ones. Thus the years 1700, 1800, IBOu,
8100, 2500, etc., are to be reckoned ns
common oneS, and 1600,2000, 2400, etc.,
as leap years. Even this correction is not
absolutely exact, yet tlje error is so small
ns !o hardly vary one day in over a thou
sand years.
The mndo of computing time as estab-
lished bv Gregory is called New Style, and
that by Julius, Crnsar, Old Style. The new
style wns adopted by Spain, Portugal and
part of Italy on the snmo day ns Rome,
and in France on the tenth of December
following which was reckoned the twenti
eth dnv.
But in Grunt Britain this change wus
not adopted until September, 1752, when
170 years had elepsed since tho Gregori
an alterations, consequently a little more
than another day had been gained. It was
therefore enacted by Parliament thut elev.
en clays instead of <cn should be stricken
out of the month of September 1752. On
the second day of that month the Old Style
ceased, and the third day wns reckoned
the fourteenth. By the same act Great
Britain changed the beginning of the year
from tho twenty.fifth of March to the first
of January.
The time for commencing the year hns i
usually been determined, among difTeientj
nations, ~by the date of some memorable
bvent, sii'ct) as the Deluge, tho Incarnation |
of Christ, etc. The Egyptians began the
year with the autumnal equinox. The Jew-1
ish ecclesiastic year began in the Spring,|
but in civil affairs they retained tho epoch 1
of the Egyptians. The ancient Swedish 1
year began about the time of the winter j
solstice. Tho Turks qnd Arabs commence
thoir year about the middlo of July. j
When Romulushegnnthe yearin March,'
ho named tho four last months according
lotheir position. The names, September,!
October, November and December, desig
nated their order; seventh eights, ninth,
kind tenth. But Numn changed the begin-i
jning of the year to the first of Jununry,)
without altering the names of the months
hence they do not correspond to their or
der in the calendar. !
Owing to these changes in the mode of
reckoning time, if we wish to ascertain to
Whnt'.date in Old Style would a certain day
in New Style correspond, or what dote inj
New Style any day of Old Stylo would
represent, we must observe the following
rules:
If the event .ImppcnccJ before the first of
Marqh 1700, add ten days to tho Old
Style and you will have it corrected for
||ie New ; 'if it happened between the Inst:
day of February, nnd the Ist of‘
March, 1800, add eleven days, if between j
the same dates in 1300 and 1000, add
twelve days ; nml iI between 1000nnd 2100,
add thirteen days. If you wish to nse.er
tain tile Old Stylo from'the New, subtract
from the Now instead ol adding to the Old.
S.MAT.r. Notes. — An net to prevent the
circulation of smnll notes. Provides that
from and after the Ist day of June, IBSB,
( verv commissioner of liio revenue and
court shall require ol'ench person to whom
license is granted, on oath that ho wdl not
pay out within the limits ol ihe common
• wealth, notes of less denomination than
five dollars, issued lyv banks, corporations
or individuals. It is further provided, that
from and nl’tcr the first d i v of Juno next,
where such note is issued nr offered as
money by nnv person, persons or corpo
ration, such offerer or issuer of such note
or tio'cs shall pay a fine ol ten dollars, re.
coverable before any justice, alderman or
court in this commonwealth ; hall ol the
penally to go to the informer, and the res
idue to the city orcouuty where prosecuted.
The informer may he a witness, and shall
not lie required to testily to more than the
denomination of the nolo ; and every per
son whose name is signed on the luce ol
such note shall he deemed the issuer there
of. Any person may recover Irom nny
ono wlto.se name is on the. lace of a note
of less denomination than five dollars issu
ed uller the passage of Ibis act, live times
the amount of such note, in addition to the
fine herein imposed. Fortner penalties
against the issue of small notes are contin
ued ; the luw is construed remedially, and
applies as well to interest hearing scrip
under five dollars, ns to notes of oilier do
scriptions.
Loss or Tin: Si-anisii War Stram
siijr Pi/.ahko. —By the arrival ul New
York of the schooner John G. White, from
Bnrncoo, wo Imvc nows ol Iho loss of the
Bizarre ; thr* particulars arc ns follows :
The simmer arrived at the anchorage oil
Playa do Mini, from Si. Jago do Cuba will)
8(H) soldiers on hoard, lo exchange with
those in garrison at Baraeoa. She* embark
ed them on board, arid left the same night
at eleven o'clock, and at lour ydock next
morning struck on the reef off Cape May,
on the east end of Cuba. • The boats were
all stove alongside ol the steamer in at
tempting to lower them away. The Iroops
330 in number and her crew of 100 men,
were landed by rails formed by the steam
ship's yards.nnd topmasts. The command
er of the steamer immediately sent a mes
sage to Baraeoa for assistance. The enp
tain of tho port promptly despatched the
schooner John G. White with launches
and boats.
The schooner arrived at the scene of the
accident on the same night. It was blow
ing very heavily and the sea was malting
n complete breach over the steamer. The
John G. White remained by the steamer nil
night, and finding it impossible to embark
the troops next day, returned to Baracoa.
The steamer lay bilged in two and a hnlf
fathoms, her reefs in three;-fathoms water.
On the 14th ult., the French war steamer.
L’Elan arrived ut the wreck, having the
Spanish brig of war Pelayo in tow, to as
sist in getting her oil' if possible. The
steamer will, in all probability, become a
perfect wreck.
A Valuable Remedy. —The New Ha
ven (Conn.) I‘allailium says: “Wo ore
able to record another case of a complete
cure oferysipelos by the simple application
of tho raw cranberries pounded fine. The
patient was a young lady, one side of whose
fnce had becomo so much swollen and in
flamed that the eye had become closed,and
the pain excessive. A poultice of cranber
ries was applied, and after several changes,
the pain ceased, the inflammation subsided,
und in tiie course of n couple ol days every
vestige of the disease had disappeared
The case occurred in the lumily ol one ol
the editors of the Fallariium , and we can
therefore vouch lor its troth.'’
Treatment of an American at Val
paraiso.— It is stated that a commander
of n vessel, and who is a naturalized
American, was recently mobbed at Valpa
raiso, on the ground that he had ill -treated
his pnssengers, a number ol t'lnlinns, and
when asked for protection Irom the authori
ties, they threw him into prison. The b.
S. Consul advised the Governor of the
province that he recognized the Captain as
[an American citizen,and demanded for him
n fair and impartial trial. He complained
also, that the mate of the vessel had been
mobbed, und declared that, unless such
proceedings were stopped, he would make
a national affair of it.
Interesting from onf. of the “Three
Thousand.” —Henry Ward Beecher—so
says the Journal of Commerce—in a lirude
against tho Nebraska bill, on Sunday eve
ning, open and unblushingly ndvoouted a
dissolution of the Union, and expressed it
ns ' !; opinion that the time had arrived
when such an event would prove highly
beneficial to the North. Ho vigorously
plied his clerical batteries against all who
presumed to entertuin upon the general
subject of slavery, opinions not in accor
dance with his own.
: .Hungarian Freedom. —While Kossuth
■is qunrrelling with old friends, says the
Pittsburgh Union , would it he strungo if
he were to form an allience with old ene
!mies? Austria, it seems, is disposed to
join tho Western I owors. As soon as
this union is formed, and the allied forces
commence their attack on Russia, Nicho
las will be tempted to proclaim liberty to
Hungary. It is to bo presumed that the
Hungarians will not object to receive the
boon, como from what quarter it may.
Oir’Take t|ie-|iand of the friendless.r-
Smile on the gad and dejected. Sympa
thise with those in trouble. Strive every
where to diffuse nrouqd you sunshine and
[joy. If you do this you will bo sure lo bo
beloved.
the republican.
CLEARFIELD , APRIL I il, 1854.
For Governor,
WILLIAM BIGLER.
For Supreme Judge,
JEREMIAH S. BLACK.
For. Canal Commission mi,
HENRY S. MCTT.
promised in our Inst to give
place to the communication signed ‘Kin
derhonk’ this week, but through some mis
take or other it has been overlooked. The
communication shall appear however, in
due lime.
SALE OF THE PFIILIC WORKS
That n bill, providing for the sule ol llio
public wm ks, or at least u portion of t hem,
: will pass the present Legislature in some
shape, now appears very evident. One
| proposition is to sell tho main hue of
Tamil, nml if ten millions of dollars can
he realized for that work which would be
; a chenp bargain to the purchaser, as the
real estate belonging thereto is worth a
large portion ol that sum wrr would say
that it should be sold. But to sell all.the
.Slate improvements, including llie Colum
i biu railroad, the Lehigh Division, \’c.,eSrc.,
tbefuro tho North Brunch division is com
pleted, which, in the opinion of many, is
destined to render all tho State works east
and south of it, doubly profitable, might
; prove to bo very unwise. Before we part
with these works, we should at least fuirly
test their worth and capacity. This can
only he done when the .North Branch
Canal shall be finished, and which will
; now bo done without nnv further expense,
i The main line of canal would be a fine.
; speculation for any compnny, and if owned
by the Ccnlrul Railroad Company, would
be a source of permanent wealth ; and if
that, nr any other company, w ill pay as
much ns ten millions of dollars, we say
let them have it, —the Stnto reserving tho
power to resume the ownership in a cerium
number of years, ori the payment ol n fair
per centago
A bill providing for the sale of these
works was under consideration in the
House of Representatives on the (ith inst.,
when it passed to a third reading by a large
majority. On the 7lh the subject was still
under consideration for final passage.
PORTRAITS OK KmINENT AMERICANS
now Living. —Livingston’s Monthly Mag
azine, published in New Tork by John
Livingston, has attained an almost unex
ampled popularity. Its terms arc •s.'! per
yenr, each number containing nbout one
hundred pages, giving the portraits and
biographies of distinguished American
Salesmen, Juiisls, Lawyers, Clergymen,
&e. The present number contains the
portraits rind biographies of President
Pierce, the members of his Cabinet, Jus
tices McLean and Grier of the Supreme
Court of the United States.
Snow. —Yesterday morning the ground
wns covered with n slight snow, which,
howover, soon disappeared under the rays
ofn blight morning's sun, to the great ilis
nppointment of nur lumbermen, whose
hopes ofn flood in ihe river had been great
ly encouragec hv the ram ol Monday af-
ternoon
The prohibitory liquor law has not
yet passed the Legislature. The Semite
bill, which provides for submitting the law
to the action of the people, Ins n fair
chance of success, and to which no persun
can reasonably object. Let the people
sanction such a law—as they surely will—
and then there will he much less dillicully
in carrying it into efleet.
Fire. —We regret to learn that the
steam saw mill of (!eo. Leech & co., in
Pike township, wus dostroyed by lire on
Monday night last. Our informant could
give no particulars, further than that us he
pnsserl the premises yesterday, he saw the
smoking ruins. The mill was in excellent
condition, and doing a good business.
Oir'Many persons are under the appre
hension that Ihe homestead bill has passed
Congress, and is now n law. Such is not
tho fact. It passed the House some weeks
since, but lias not been acted upon in the
Senate.
Hartford, Ct., April 4. —Two Whig
Representatives hove been elected for
Manchester, one for Meriden, und one for
East Hartford—all Whig gains.
Tile indications are, thut the Whigs lmvo
swept the State. Out of fourteen Repre
sentatives heard from in this county, ten
nrc Whigs, three Democrats, und one
Freesoiler. The Whig gain is nine.
Hartford, April 4. —So lur as heard
from, the Wl!igs‘liave elected fifteen Sen
ators, and the Democrats two. Four Rep
resentatives not heard from. Tho Whigs
Imvc 87, and the Democrats 41.
Providence, R. 1., April 0. —The Whigs
have curried this city by majorities vary
ing from 200 toJIOOO. Hoppin is elected
Governor by the people, and the rest ofthe
ticket will be elected by the General As
sembly. 1
Population, Productions, &c., of Clearfield Co.(
In looking over tho Census report for
1850, we find the following facts in rela
tion to our county which wo transfer to our
columns for tho information of our rentiers :
At tho above date, tho entire population
of tho county wns twclvo thousand
fivo hundred and eiglity-six; number of
births during tho vent - , three hundred and
ninety-six; mnrriuges,soventy-six; deaths,
one hundred and forty-two; dwellings, one
thousand nino lihndred and thirty ; num
ber of families,ono thousand nino hundred
and thirty-six.
Schools and Academics in the county,
cighty-two; teachers, eighty-two; pupils,
two thousand eight hundred und ten ; tax
ation, five thousand three hundred and ono
dollars; public lends, ono thousand and
seventy dollars ; total, six thousand threo
hundred and seventy-one dollars.
Number attending School during tho
yenr ns returned by families ; white males,
ono thousnnd und eighty-five ; white fe
males, nine hundrdd and seventy-four;
total, two thousand and fifty nino; colored
moles, six; females, five; total, eleven,;
natives, two thousand and thirty-five ;
foreign, lhirty : five; Aggregate, two thou
sand and seventy.
Adults in the county who cannot read
and write : While males, sixty-one; fe
males, thirty-seven ; total, ninety-eight ;
colored males, two; females, ono; natives
eighty-nine; foreign, twelve; aggregate,
one hundred and one. In this relation, it
is worthy of notice, that our county stands
second bcsl on the list of all the counties
in lho state. (Within the bounds of Clear
field county, according !o the census re
pon, there are a less number of persons to
lie found who cannot read anti write, than
that of any other county in the Stn'c ex
cept (,'rnwlord. Even L'dk and M Kean,
with their sparcc population, far outnum
ber us in this respect.
' Acres of land in farms: —Improved, six
tv-nne thousnnd one hundred and fifteen
acres; unimproved, one hundred and sev
enteen thousand four hundred nnd sixty
eight acres; cash \aluc of farms, ono mil
lion seven hundred and eighteen thousand
eight hundred and sixty nine ; value ol
lurming implements, Arc., nincty-fourthou
j sand, two hundred ami eighty-nine dollars;
! number of horses, two thousand six hun
| dred and ono ; asses and mules, thirty-two ;
milch cows, three thousand four hundred
: and twenty-six ; work oxen, one thousand
and sixtv-four; other entile, three thous
' nnd seven hundred nnd fifty-five ;. Sheep,
twelve thousand two hundred and thirty
; two ; swine, seven thousand two hundred
nnd sixtv fivo; value of live stock, two
hundred ami seventy-seven thousand s’x
hundred nnd thirty-seven dollars; value
of animals slaughtered, sixty thousnnd nine
hundred nnd fitly-four dollars ; bushels ol
. wheat, eighty thousand five hundred and
i cightv-eiuht ; bushels ol rye, thirty-one
i thousand ami forty ; indian corn, fifty-five
(thousand nine hundred and forty-three ;
; oats, one hundred nnd fifty-eight thousand
eight hundred and seventy; pounds ef
wool, lliirty-ono thousand four hundred
and nim ly.eight ; bushels of peas and
beaus, four hundred am! ninety ; Irish po
tatoes, twenty-four thousand eight hundred
and sixlv-two; sweet potatoes, one thous
iami nuil -sixtv-ihrec bushels ; barley, one
I hundred and eighty bushels ; buckwheat,
| thirls-five thousand one hundred and filiy
-1 nine ; value of orchard products, four cts.;
J pounds ot Liu iter, ono hundred nnd sixty -
I eight thousand eight hundred and ciglity
| five ; cheese, eight hundred and seventy :
! lons of Imv, ten lhausaud five hundred and
fifty -six ; bushels of clover seed, four hun
dred and eighty-three ; other grass seed,
three bushels ; pounds of hops, eighteen;
flax one hundred ; bushels of (lax seed,
seven; pounds of mnple sugar, five thous
and five hundred and seventy-seven ; mo
lasses, live hundred nnd twenty-seven ;
pounds of beeswax and honey, five thous
and two hundred and one ; value ol home
"'made manufacture, seven thousand seven
hundred and ono dollars.
Churches, church property, <Scc., in the
1 county: Baptists, two churches; aggregate
accommodations, eight hundred ; total val
ue of church property, ono thousand dol
lars. Friends, three churches-; aggregate
accommodations, six hundred and fifty ;
; total valuo of church property, one thou
sand three hundred and fifty dollars.—
German Reformed, one church ; aggregate
! accommodations, five hundred ; total valuo
. of church property, five hundred dollars,
i Lutherans, ono church; accommodations,
1 five hundred ; totul value of church prop
erty, five hundred dollars. Methodists,
| seven churches; accommodations, three
thousand ono hundred and thirty ; total
value of property, three thousand three
hundred. Presbyterians, four churches;
accommodations, pne thousand eight hun
dred; church property, three thousand
seven hundred dollars. Roman Catholics,
t two churcties; accommodations, eight hun
dred ; church property, two thousand five
i hundred dollars.
Whole number of Churches in the coun- 1
ty, twenty ; accommodations, eight tlious-;
and ono hundred nnd eighty ; total value,
of church property, twolve thousand eight
hundred and fifty dollars.
I,ATE FROM EUROPE.
ARRIVAL OF THE BALTIC.
New Yoiik, April 4—5 r. m
Tho American Steamship Baltic, with
Liverpool dates to the 22d nil., (being four
days later than tho previous advices,) ar
rived hero nt half-past 4 o clock this alter-
noon.
The Livorpool market for Flour and
Wheat was unchanged, but corn hod de
clined one shilling per quarter. Yellow
Corn was quoted at 40—white 42.
Tho London and Liverpool markets for
Breadstuffs, wns much depressed. There
was a strong desire to keep down prices
in view of tho large receipts shortly ex-
pected.
Tho Liverpool Cotton market was one
eighth lower (or all grades below fair. The
sales lor two days wero only one thousnnd
bales.
The Liverpool Provision market had not
undergone much change. Lard was dull.
Pork firmer.
The London Money market was more
stringent. Consols closed at 00, which is
a decline
Trade nt Manchester was dull
The Czar rejects ull the proposilipns of
the Western Powers fora ponccuble settle
ment of the Eastern question, and war is
now certnin
The decline in the English fundsis owing
to the unfavorable character of secret cor
respondence, in which the designs of Rus
sia upon Turkey arc clearly expressed and
the continued drains of bullion upon the
Bank of England.
There arc rumors current in London of
the failure of a heavy house in Australia.
Lord Gilbert Grosvenor is dead.
Tin: Waii News. —The intelligence
that the C'/.ar had refused all the proposi
tions pf the Western powers had created
much sensaiion.
Tho first portion of troops from France
for Turkey, left Marseilles on Sunday'
evening. I
There is nothing new from Constnnti-|
nople.
The combined fleets would soon re-enter
the Black Son.
Tiierbhad been no further engagements
with tlie opposing armies either on sea or
land.
It is said that 100,000 Russian troops
are on the march between Moscow and
Odessa.
The Inst ultimatum of tho Western
Powers lias been positively rejected by tile
Czar.
Prince Napoleon would leave for the
East on the oth of April.
A Rnssiancorpsof thirty thousand troops
had arrived at Odessa.
Another corps of seventy thousand was
about to he established at Sebastopol.
The arming of France nnd England
created tho wildest excitement among the
Turks, and the spring will usher in war on
a most gigantic scale.
The Greek insurrection is considered
to have been quelled.
The very severe winter in Asia still
checks the operations of the opposing ar
mies in that quarter.
The Russiunsare represented as having
received large reinforcements, and other
forces are on the march to join them.
New Oh leans, April s. —The El I)o- 1
rado arrived Irom Aspinwall, whence she
left on the tiOth with 300 passengers and
810,000 in gold dust. Sho reports that
the George Law would sail lor New \ork
on the 31 si, with 500 passengers and near
ly SI ,000.0011 transit re.
Lieut. Strain and Ins pnrty are safe.
Tim Golden Gale has also arrived in
eleven dnjs from Panama.
Wells A: Fargo forward from Sacrcir.en
to 900 lbs. gold dust.
'idle accounts from Walker’s expedition
are extremely discouraging. The forcesi
arc quartered at St. Vincent, nnd urc dai
ly dwindling away. Several have return
ed to San Francisco.
California dates to the 10th little gener
al news. The country was healthy, hut
the rair.y season had been unusually se
vere. Provisions depressed.
Cincinnati, April 0. —Tho steamer;
Ohio ran into tho steamer W. B. Clifton '
on the Mississippi, near Cairo, yesterduy ; 1
the latter wns sunk to the hurricane deck.
Her passengers und crew were saved. The
Clifton was hound from Louisville to New
Orleans with a full load.
The opening of the Ohio and Mississip
pi Railroad to Aurora, was celebrated yes
terday. There were ltlOO invited guests,
which left on three trains, and had a grand
bunquet at Aurora. Several speeches
were delivered, and there was great rejoi
cing and firing of salutes.
John Mitchel and the Ikisii.— TliO;
“Citizen” publishes editorially what is
called “A letter to tho Survivors of the
Irish in Ireland under forty years of age,
signed by John Mitchel.” The pith of.
this letter is, that all patriotic Irishmen
ought to withhold their sympathies from!
Great Britain in tho war with Russia; that j
if Austria and Prussia range themselves!
against the red cross of St. George, Irish-j
men ought to pray for the success of their;
arms. j
Ameiucans in the Turkish Army.—
A letter in the Boston Traveller, dated j
Constantinople, March 2, says: “Twoi
Americans are now in the Turkish Army, j
one having the commission of a Colonel, |
and the other, I think, of a Major. Tho
former was a captain in the United States
army. Both have gone to join tho troops
at Kars, near the Georgian frontiers.”
o^7” When our desires are fulfilled to tho
very letter, we always find some mistake
which genders them anything but what wo
expected. - ' i
From the Philadelphia Mail,
NO CHANCE FOR PEACE IN EUROPE.
With every European mail uomos para,
graphs stating that thcro is a chanco of
pence—negotiations, they say nro going'
on, or theynre about to goon. Tho PaHs;
correspondent of tho London ChronicU
says the emperorof Russia is coming rouqd
to a milder frame of mind,, seeing that
England nnd Franco are taking active
steps to induce or oblige the Sultan to'put
rnyahs or Christian population on a per
feet level in every respect with tho Osmam
lis. This seems plnusiblo ; but it is an itn.
possible thing. Tho ussent of tho Cz a r
would not make it less an
The Turkish Sultan could never put the:
Christian on a level with the Turks. . Ip
ho did, ho would have abolished the Ottoi
mnn monarchy ; ho would have flung the :
ascendancy in which exists tho spirit ofhis
nation into tho gutter. When tho Turks
coaso to regard themselves as a favored’
race und lose their civil and military fanat.
icism, they are gone. And this the Po
ilishah knows right well. Ho will no more
consent that rayahs shall have the privi
leges of the children of Ottoman, than tta
Christian people of these States wouldcon
sent that her free black raco should have
all our privileges. And if the Czar shall
consent to quit the principalities on condi.
tion of such n change in tho policy of tho
Porte —nnd ho may so consent in thecraf.
ty nnd well-grounded hope of seeing Ab
dul Mcdjid bullied by his good Western
friends and the coalition broken!—the
peace is never the nearer ; nay, the wari#
only going to proceed in a wilder and
moro terrible style thnn boforo; for then
will ho invited into the argument a con
summation unspeakably dreadful to all
royal imaginations.
Again : the late mails told us that the
Greek insurrection in Albania and else
where was nothing —a mere flash in the
pan. But it i 3 not so ; it is a fire—smoul
dering n good deal, ns yet. Tho Turkish
minister of War has ordered 25,000 men
to proceed to Albania nnd the Greek min
ister should receive his passports nnd bo
sent out of Constantinople, unless his
majesty could show that he did not encour
age tho late hostility of his subjects ngainst
the Porte. A massacre had occurred at
Lamos ; nnd a French and Turkish ship
went with troops to restore order intheisl
nnd. Tho people of Syria are also break
ing out, seeing that tho Turkish troops are
drawn away to tho Bosphorus nnd on the
Danube; and the Greeknnd Latin Priests
at Jerusalem are fighting like dragons
about the shrines nnd ho'y places, now
that the Turks are not strong enough to
keep them down! Several persons have
-been killdd in the strife and the Osmnnlis
; regard both parties with unspeakable con
tempt. All these things show that tho
Czar has not come to the Danube without
having extensively provided for the dead
liest issue that may arise. Tho Greek pop.
ululion everywhere look to him, Such a
man cannot dread war or he very anxious
1 for pence. Nowhere, on any horizon of
Europe, is thcro any sign of peace; but
'everywhere the shadowofthe coming war,
war embittered by recriminations, and in
sults, nnd all the exasperations of religious
fanaticism.
THE STATE ADMINISTRATION
Gov. Bigler stands before the public in
vulnerable to all the assaults of the oppo
sition. He is “an Israelite, indeed, in whom
there is no guile.” The measures of his
administration thus far have met the ap
probation of tho people, and ho enters up
on a fresh contest with clean hands nnd a
light heart. The evidences of his increa
sing popularity are multiplying daily, and
the signs of tho times indicate that he will
not only receive the undivided democratic
vote ol'the State, but a large support from
the opposition ranks. To Judge Black
t!u-re will bo but a nominal opposition, all
parties concurring in the opinion that he
is eminently qualified for the office of
Chief Justice. Col. Molt will carry «
storming vote in the “tenth legion,” and
receive the democratic voto entire in ev
ery oilier section of the State. Thus we
have every reason to be sanguine of a great
nnd glorious triumph at tho State olectiou.
Hamburgh Union.
Tm; Liiieration of Smith O’Brien.
—Tho Washington correspondent of tho
Ledger, mentions the following fact rela
tive to the act of clemency recently exer
cised by the British Government toward
Smith O’Brien, one of its political exiles
in Australia:
“Mr. Buchanan, in an interview with
Lord Clarendon, brought to his Lordship's
attention and intimated to him the proprie
ty of emancipating Smith O’Brien from
his condemnation and banishment to tho
Australian Island. Ho had the gratifica
tion, on the day succeeding, not only to
find the subject, introduced into tho British,
Parliament, hut also to hear Lord Palmers
ton announce to the House that the Gov-,
ernment had authorized his release front
exile and bondage. So Smith O’Brien,
whose only offending consisted in loving his
country, not wisely, perhaps, but too well,,
is now emancipated and redeemed. Thfk
act of pure patriotism and benevolence is,
characteristic of the enlightened Pennsyl- (
vania statesman.”
Fatai, Result. —One of the Irishmen,
shot in the affray opposite this place, on
the 18lh inst., (which we noticed last
week) died on the Monday following; the
other one is recovering from the effects of
his wounds. Tho name of the deceased
was James Cohoe, nnd ho was buried W
the Catholic burial ground, at Milton, on
Friday last. —Lycoming Gazette,2oth ult:
Boston, April 4.— : Further returns show
the election of Elliott to Congress from th?
first district, by fivo hundred majorjty.—'
Ho is a Whig and a determined opponent,
of the Nebraska bill. J,
03“ The name of Robert Tyler, Es<J.,t».
mentioned in connection with the vacaßv
Consulship to Lbndon. , :