' WW2, Stall garealitiat
. . ... -.'
Ta inted weekly, at.cleatfleld. Pe..MOURy3,
sad Ptopristor. tiooP_Oie foOrrottit war isioiablo
1, 1 ,• r 1 : I Ir• Oka st s.• • ' ,: , •
i . OOPT ONO YEAR. INAI)ANO*. , ,
i • or ,p o ttO IV:TOM TABOZIOIONT,O.
OT PAID WITHIN SIX . MONTge.
• OT RAW Wl,Tlllti PONE MONTHS.
• OT PAIDIVIVTION TWELVE MONTHS.
"h bo ' 4 I
T so Tetanl' or at lberal,ase Of ani othei
, ,I s.olaue pam le the State. tutd, will ha exacted..
. Itegutlnueeme tell b3allowett until all amanitas have
~. ' ' ,
. .
UTV AND I.II9ILVEY OF POSTMAISITES
, Masters tiegleallag to notify the outillshm as directed
of the sup, that pavan Dl* not lilted br thPle to whom
are directed. aro themselves held responsible for the
at of the aulsigletron moue,. , '
oat Millie papers Addressed to themselves: or to others.
sishearlbensi and are liable for the price of sublieriP•
I Drill tow carded by mall throughout the count,.
Ibarge. --....--------'
____...—..
- 7 --
From tht New Yolk Evening Post.
&Owl; of the Al3lOllOlll Revolution.
131 , BEVE,Nr)t - BIX.
;hington: &Va . lley Forge—Col. Ham
t4 sent forward to address the
Henry pursues Sir Henry
7linton—Vietory at llionniouth—Ar
e.st ofltrajor . General Lee.
the Miters of the L'vening Post:
aving recently been favored with a visit
one of i the survivors of the Revolution,
.ite taken down Some interesting recol
,
'ens rrornone who is among the last of
:0 who remain to give tho present'gen
tionflie details of what ha saw and eX
lenced in those days of trial.
'Mein the season of 1777, Washington,
various causes; was undecided where
inter his,army, or even how to protect
m till spring. Council after council had
n called, of his general officers, who
required each to furnish his written
nion upon this subject, but so groat were
difficulties surrounding them, that no
ision was made till. December 15th,
•ri Washington; contrary to the Niews
large party in Congress, and many of
general officers, took the responsibility
. rderingthe army to Valley Forge,where
marked out the ground in person, and
h a shovel in his hands throw up the
earth in the presence of the whole ar
. After which, in general orders,each
on el or commanding officer in the re.gi
nt was required to superintend the ere° ,
I of huts for his command, encoding to
. general plan furnished by Washington.
o wholo army, was divided up into par
, of twelve, which number of, men were
:igrie4 to ono hut-14 feet by 16; sides,
sand roofs made of logs, and the, roofs
de . tight, with splits slabs, or in : some
ser,way—fire places made of-wood ; one
t.to, each general eflicer, ono to the staff
each regiment, and one to the commis
, 09.4 officers of . the eompanies,&c. Mrs.
:slaington, Mrs. Green and Mrsi , Knox,
rained in these miserable accommoda
ns with the army nearly the whole win
, silencing by their fortitude and exam
, all complaints, until the dithress for
vision became unendurable—the eAmp
times for three , and four days without
• at, nnd then as long without bread—and
sin the dean of winter. Many of the
(liars could not leave their huts for want
clothes to,be decent I 'At length the day
rived when provisions must be had, or a
-nem' mutiny and dissolution of the whole
my. ',Congress were powerless. They
d. f o reseen this, , and given Washington
1„tho ,powers thsy could give. Colonel
milton,att aid.de-camp, was• sent out to
dl meetings in Jersey, and, address the
4 4 upon the condition of the perishing
w b
of
.tstit
cl 4.
ailk
ranch
lq.
trots.
• hilt.
Tioq,
CO
WAN
atithe
by 116
c ti oa
• Ps*
Maga
• body],
• ttimg
r lowa
Vie dill,
MUM*
lea als•
Itla
e s t
0 0 .11
WIG
40
Col. Matthew Ogden was ordered to lead
detachment into the country, and, seize
revisions, teams,. cattle, grain, &C., in
Ise !the appeal of Col, Hamilton proved
ngaccessibl. But the people of Jersey
id not need 'military coercion—they vol.
titarily threw open their , barns and eon
ibated• a portion drill they had. P•ty in
mant remembers seeing one family turn
Ut ail ox--another or bag of corn—anoth
it straw, and so on, as the army wagons
tssed through the townscollecting for the
my. In this way the army was saved.
Ville .same time there' was not money
ough in camp to pay for an express.—
his-is confirmed by offiial letters.) At
ngth spring approached,c and Washing
rremained 'still, watching the move
eats of Sir Henry Clinton,'holad been
!tning With his army in Philadelphia du
ag Newthe winter, and had now determined
0 itiaicli to York, not supposing the
rnerican army were in a situation to ap
ism: befOre him... , .: •
Juite IS, 1778 the British army left Phil
nelphia. As 'soon' as the express reach
(l Washington, confirming this, he put in
Wittidn six brigades and followed in person
iteith the whole army within a few-miles of
onmouth. After a forced march ho
nto up to Sir Henry Clinton, end sent
rwardhis seetind in command, General
, • iti‘trs,ooo Men, to 'commence the
ftgel;POn ';110 British armv,Washington
RAlbwing with •the main b * ody tosupport
ltirn, Midhis trbciPs disencumbered ofevery
witiclernit,ept arms and atnunition. The
ditigra`e'eful retreat of Lee followed, and
Washington was obliged tochange in con
quenne,his whele order of battle in pres.
nedot e• superior enemy; nevertheless he
"eiolvedlo attack, an&-dreve back the
elfish and-took possession of their dead
ndwounded. Night etune on,
n the whole
my dropped upon •the•grennd
p ad slept
,
on 'their 'arms,' Washington' Himself
Ong thein.• During the 'mght the 13ri
h stop away' in glitch' silence that they
Wiied seklerelmiles,nd top nnar the
1 ^
pon 't i e briag ilibrh . to WO.; :: , 1
On., 1
?I,VicitAton was among the, dead
! ; ,Y: "•"""Y Clinton : uP,?1(1 tIY? 'net&
h i Aripfiet. of, I NV caingtou , Ost Ole Bri,t,i
p,AR',IONIi wounded . IT4'4Ficr e c il t '''''W
wo thoustind ,Men. ' , ' ' •
~ ..., bit or ••.. • ki,..,i It 0::
I, ;poi, 49nanior 1 , Vo . It ant Onterat
i11iq1,14411 t 1 10.,4 1 . 4 49);it to ar rest PonOrn%
1.493, urOcr Poifon9Mng .0 1 Argoat ; ‘, 1 . ,
.Nirtit,r,Disobn4ionc,o of , anion , in , not
making.the attnetkanordorod.. , , t i
Asiald
• a, tA
• m ln acho
asd etsoh
thew*
stall" UM
is the
Li' •
I lit
to 10
BOP
• iter4l
. 4 f
I. tclig
. trz.r
a ege lf.;,=,
the WA'
i 1 .
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dil
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iirst
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;
• dtCI
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OMEN
41001
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176
300
A. WEEKV PAPER:. DEVOTED TO LITERATURE, AGRICULTVRE, MOR
*.oluinie. 3.
Second—bad behavior before the enemy,
by making, an unnecessary, disorderly and
shameful retreat.
Third—Disrespect to the Commanderin
chief upon the field, and subsequently by
letter.
General Lee, upon his trial made a most
Powerful defence. Major General Lord
Stirling was President of Court Martial,
which continued for three weeks adjourn
ing from place to place as'the army mov-
Iced. Lee was found guilty of all the char
ges, and suspended --Congress soon after,
doubting his patriotism, dismissed him
from the nrmy. General Lee had beent
an aid to the King of Prussia. The Amer
ican people looked upon him, previously,
as the man to command, in case Wash
ington should fall—but from this proud
eminence he fell, until at last his dogs was
his only society—and he died in the gar ,
ret ofan obscure tavern—his'dying words
were, while delirious—stand by me my
brave grennedieri!
This battle was fought on Sunday-L-ond
of the hottest days in June. The suffer
ings of the army for water, 'in a sand
andy
country, were amiul, both for man
beast—many men dropped dead in the
ranks=-and the surgeons reported against
n forced march after the retreating, enemy.
Congress bestowed upon Washington a
vote of thanks for his wonderful activity
in leaving Valley Forge, pursuing Sir Hen
ry, and bringing him to battle under such
extraordinary circumstances.
NO. 2:
Murder of Captain Ilitddy the'Brit ,
'isle--Feremythry demand of Washing
ton on 'Sir Henry Clinton for the
Murderer—Retaliation by Lot—Capt.
Asgill--The French, Court, at the in
stance of his Mother, intercede with
"Washington for his release.
My venerable friend has spent his even
ing in detailing his recollection of the sen
sation produced-by the inhuman murder of
Captain Middy.
it appears that •this gentleman, while
commanding a post in New Jersey, was ta
ken prisoner by a band of tories, after a
gallant defence. They'eonveyed him to
New York, and then imprisoned him.—
After a time, these tories took him out in
to the country and hullo. him. The people
'at once rose in arms; and determined upon
revenge. General Forman, 'who was an
influential military man, took the lead,
procured, evidence,.and_Waited upon Gen.
Washington withilie facts duly autheroi
elated.' All the papers were, at once sub-
Mined to a council of general officers, and
each was required to give' his answer in
'writing to the ,folldwing queries
Fiest.-=-Upon the 'state of facts in tho
above case, is retaliation justifiable or ex
pedient'? .
Second.—lf justifiable, ought it to take
place immediately, or should . a .previous
representotion he made to Sir Henry Clin
ton, and 'satisfaction demanded of html
case of representation and
demand who should be the person or per
sons to be demanded '1
Fourth.----ln case of refusal and retalia
tion becoming necessary, of what descrip
tion shall the officer be—on whom is it to
take place,and how shall he be designa
ted for the purpose'?
Twenty-five persons sent in their opin
ions in writing. Their unanimity of sen
timent was remarkable. They were man
imous that retaliation was justifiable and
expedient, and that the leader of the party
should be demanded from Sir Henry Clin
ton, and if refused, then en officer of equal
rank with Captain Ruddy, should bo se
lected by lot . froth the British Captains, who
wore priseneis.' Threaother officers were
of *Mori, that immediate retaliation and
exception should renew, and Withenit,.no
tice to' Sii . lleriry Clinton.
The American' o(licers were or' dered•by
General Heath, to give their:opinion with
out any consultation, ,orie • with .another,
and seal ep.their, respective opinions and
send them, direct to the Commander - in -
Chief.::.., .• . • •
Fortified :with •theSe opinions, Washing
ton. sent O flag Sir . Henry. •Clinton, de
manding of -him the - rmirderer. Ho said,
"To sov'eltitO innocent, I' demand the gni'.
“ty. :•In failure .of hiS. surrender I hold
"myself•justifioble lathe sight of God and
"man, for the .measures to which I' Shall
"resort.:l-desire an immediate reply, for
"which my..resolntion is only. suspended.
No answti•liaing received, , Washington
ordered Col.•'lloason. aisemblo all the
Captains from Paid Cornwallis' Ormy,and
to .select by lot, one for reteliatien, and,:at
once ,undorti strong guard to. march - him
.head-quarters. . In mean time
ry. Wasireballedond. the coremand,of the.
British army devolved upon Gen. Robert
tea
,
Chtinge..cauidd ,delaY in
oxecntiort :of Capt. Charles Asgill, a young,
nobleman 19 years . old, heir to •largn
tate.,;and the .-•plieragein onllisoneson
whom thelot .ha - fallen forimMediate eke
ecutipm t The; 'British ,oflieors;;.trisoner s,
olefin no ,ronipluilit •against.: Washington;
but: -loudlY,; .censure:d • Sir flociey ; . - ! rho)!
asked pormissioti fOria , flatt:td go and , watt
upon .Sir lenrY,and.dolay Of tho cxectitiod
for That du 41°804 Washington'granted"tho.
roctuost ; ,lotiUrt , tup.tliht Iv as valtad,,by
MEE
Clearfield, 1 , 11,,, Rare! 5, 1802.
the British General, and Washington was
assured that justice should be done., Dia-,
ing these delays the sentence of: death
hung over poor Asgill. At length hi§ sit
uation reached his mother in England.—
Instantly she put in requisition all horpow.
erful influence, and implored the King and
Queen of France to intercede with Wash
ington to save her son. Count Do Ver.
gennes despatched a frigate
sot Ameriea,
with a letter to Washington, eing forth
the distress of Lady Asgill, and that the
Queen on. reading 'her application to tho
French Court had been moved to tears.—
also stated that the King and Queen
would feel gratified by having Capt. Asgill
pardoned, which to be acceptable must bo
unconditional, and no other victim substi-
tuted.
This application Wits at once sent, by
Washington to Congress, who immediate
ly resolved: That the Commander-in -Chief
be direded to set Capt. Asgill at liberty.
Washington gladly received this order,and
forthwith enclosed Capt. Asgill a full
.par
don and permission to joie...the British ar
my in New York', remarking that the par
don would not be to Capt. Asgill a greater
relief than it was to himself. , 1
Count de Vergennes, in his application
to Washington, remarked--" Capt. ASgill,
"sir, is doubtless your prisoner. But as
"the arms of the king ; assisted at York
"town to place him in your hands, I trust
"you will pardon the request for his par
"don, should circurttstaneesrender you un:
"able to grunt it. Washington replied
that Congress had - granted the pardon with
,
\
out his intervention, and thus ended this
interesting tragical affair, second in inter
est but not in importance, to,the execution
of Andre.
Peace being now anticipated, and Gen.
Carleton having arrived, with large pow
ere, he requested Washington to order .a
cessasion of hostilities, as the next arrival
would bring news of peace. The reply
' was, that Congress alone could do that, but,
under his assurance, he wriu/d order all
the outposts of the army to act only on the
. defensive till the pleasure of Congress could
be known.
NO 3.
Arrival' of Rochantbcau at; Newport..
Treason and Escape of Arnold—Cap.
turc and Execution of Andre.
Rochambeau arrived at Newport R. 1.,1
in July 1780. Ile landed with his staff
end walked up the street, to the hotel with
out any
. parade. The people of the town
were sitting at the windows,
holding lheirl
hands almost in a state of despair at the
depressed condition of public affairs. , The
streets were deserted, and the . country
people had discontinued coming to market,
as there was no 'money to buy their. pro- .
duce, tiro eurrericyl,having fallen to sixty
to one. •Washingten wns in full retreat
before . .the British, and for days and \leeks
he had .not 3,000 men, and these were
flying before an enemy, all well appointed, I
of ten times the ferce pf. the Americans;
indeed the cause was gonervkily Considdred
as lost.
Thus matters stood when Rechambe,au
reached the Hotel in Newport. As a mat
ter of respect, several of the most respect
able men at once visited him, when he
announced to them, that the French King
had determided to support the Americans
with all his power—that these ships were
the first division of the French army, coM
prising twelve battalions of infantry, and
that he had on board funds, in gold and
silver, sufficient to pay, in cash, for all
the supplies the French might need. In
a few moments the news of Rocharnheau!s
mission spread over the town. The hells
commenced --the people poured in to the
streets—guns fired—bonfires blazed, pad,
the whole town, became intoxipatedl. with
joy. Never was there such a sudden
trap
sition from extreme dOpressieu. to the high
est exlidiratien. Eta:presses were sent into
the c p l ietry,,and the next day, tha town
was Tilled with all hinds . Of produce,
vege
tables, Meat;.poaltry, &c., '&8.; Which the,
French piirchitsdd at liberal prices,' and
paid for in Silver, which was then a very
rare article. These , fresh 'provisiMis
refreshed the Preach troOps,, wbo wei*
soon landed and encamped in the tawn,--
Their discipline was so exact that the pigs
and chickens walked '.aboat unmoleethd,
and 'fields of corn, freit, dr,c., adjoining the
camp, had not a breach trlteri frern them.
This deportment Of Our new friendis:S6on
inspired,thb•people with the highest regard,
and veneration for the• French kitig;'tind
for ‘the Eirmy.:llo . had so generously , sent
to:their, rescue., ~!
In the meantime Rochambeaw , had in./
formed Washington-of--his arrival, corn
mend° g hie • eommunieation in ' this way
: Being, ordered bylthe King, ,my
rilaster, to tem and,put myself under your
command, I arrive: with She ~deepest
inns of submission; of,treatandvenerationl
fox :your, pe'rson:) am noiv, 1314:tinder
yomr •commaxid.f. Lenckise.a eoprof .
riiy
orders' froni the King ; alao.n copy Of my
secret. Odom .tia e,horigd to. liavol nd
sb
erets with my genprao:l,l, it •
Theid.sentim'onte ibipired
rind t Bole i toutitryo 'With the": hihest
hopes : from.tha aid' of Ole/ Frenpli, l 'and all
a greettilifit - thel King:Of the rencirwai the
friend of the Americans,',"-(,-'1')) •
,
ANDIFOREIGN AND. DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE,
Washington's reply to Rochambeau was
equally courteous: "Among the ob I
elige=s
tions we are under to yqur prince,
teem it one of the first, that he has made
choice, for the conmand of his troops, of a
,gentieman, WhOse high reputation; and
hbppy union of soeitil qualities, and-
mili
tary abilities, promise me .every . pub ,
advantage and private satisfaction. "The
gentlemen under your command` must un-
derstand, that it is out, of my power to of
fer them any reward for their sacrifices in
aiding us;"except their share in the'Oory
of the field." After this 'introduction by
letter, the moat perfect harmony prevailed
between these two great captains. • Rech
ambeau brought with him - the highest mili
tary reputation. He had been in conflicts
where fifteen thousand Frenchmen had
been killed or wounded before, hirq t ,
All W nsbin t ' 13 . plans' Were, by this
arrival, at one.C'clianged, and; it sti l ton ' be
came necessary for him to have a person
al interview ,with the French commander.
Hartford was the place for, the conference.
On the 16th of .September,, 780,
Wash
ingion placed Gieene in command of the
army on the' Hudson, and left to meet
Rochambeau. His parting orders were,"l
leave all in your discretion, except that
you will understand ? it is not our business
to seek' an action; bit accept one, but on
advantageous terms." ;
The next mornipg, in the general or
ders, of Greene, be say!, " His Excellen
cy the commander-in-chief is goinglto be
absent for a few days, which will no doubt
become knoWn to the enemy, thegeneral
desires officers of nil rank to be in perfect
readiness to meet, them,at the shortest no
tice. The out-guards must be kept vi,gi
lant and attentive, and the patrols active
' and watchful."
This was the moment for Arnold to ex
ecute his scheme of treason. Andre was
et once sent for to come on shore, and fin
ish the business. On his return, he was
captured, and the three - militia, men who
took him brought him into Cot.' Jameson's
camp, who was bewildered with the cir
cumstances, and could not see into it.—
Major Talimadge, (afterwards General,
and the father of our late Recorder and
present, Marshal,) the second in command
to Col. Jameson, at once saw Arnold's
treachery, and protested, but in vain; a:.
ainst allowing Andre to write to Arnold,
This letter alone enabled Arnold:to es-
cape.
Washington reprimanded Jameson most
severely for his stupidity, and wrote Con
gress but' for that, he •would have secured
Arnold and saved Andre. Major , Tall
midge was a brave and spirited officer.--
Wasnington presented .birn iyith a sword,
and ordered him to divide among his gal
lant potty all the pro pe rty.taltenby them,
in a bold enterprise on Long Island. In
general orders his gallsntr was com
t meed n
ded, and his good conduct a seor to
Congress' for their consideration.
Andre was confined within the co'rn
m •nd of litajor Tallmadge—who furnish
ed my'old friend with many particulars.
As soon ilys ho avowed himself the adju
tant-general of the British army, every
tenderness consistent with safety was ex
tended to him. His capture produced the
greatest distress to Sir Henry Clinton ;
who sent in flag after flag,. soliciting his
release--oflering every possible induce
ment. General Greene took the stern
stand on his court-martial—"He is guilty
or not guilty—if guilty he must die as a
spy—if not he must be acquitted." Col.
liamikon was his warmest friend. His
powerful pc,ii turned the public sympathy
in his favor.
The superior education of Andre, his
refined:modesty,great gentleness of' har
acter,with his bold determination not to
implicate others to save himself, together
with his noble• avowal, exonerating Sir
Henry from all blame for sending him
into his.unfortuarte position, created in the
minds.of. all, particularly:in the' feelings
of the general officers comprising the,court
martial, a regard almost amounting, to
veneration. Up to the, last hour Sir Hen
ry continued to implore Washington to
spare Andre. • His last struggle was ac
companied by two officers of the highest
rya*. , • , '
, ;Washington sent* Green, to the binding'
to t receive them. ' IVA 'masterly ability,
for' hdurs; they contended for'his pardon.
Gieen felt that upon his , report the' fate
of poOr-Andre might hang, theriifora he re
duced the arguments to writing,.had them
signed by byth,parties, and annexed these
papers te his report of j ,the
Wnblillitoti''foi.irid' their, reasons- ibr his
releaStiunavailinvand at bpee 'ordered the
e inentiOri for the next'dtiy nt 12 o'clock.—
In• 01??.MeRptimei,the ,sympathy.foi "poor
Andre, ,become „nniversal, and - he died
iyittioiita,4ri'eye to Ivitnestk the execution.
event -unsettled the, public mind' se
"it;t!ich as this ;• expresses were Sent 'tele;ii
pry: Cornmand near the Hudson, to double
guarda,)&n. , as theeneney:might,with their
inSortnation frpn Arnold,p.ttac.lt,thnt very
night. 'rho doubt abdslistrustintha mind
of yVashinigton, that
.mofnent, is , seen in
bis-orat4ii the.differerit.m:tp.,., iWcpn-
Ati6s; few' ‘•iiiniri
eithertee me or he,ar frpin pie again.. ,
C6l;
de-camp of. Arnold, Boutin a request for a
i i 1 . ~: f
uUbcr 15.
court of inquiry upon them. Washington,
replied, that no court ,could be ordered, as
there were no charges or suspicion against
them.::,• , • ;'
. At the time Andre was captured, Wash-
Ainglarf;expected that . the court would con
tinue along time,during Which, his inten
tion walf,to Rod spies into Nov York and
get Arnold, and then try to save ,Andre.—
His benevolence was frustrated by the
open nod , frank avowal of Andre when
broughtbefore the court, which rendered
the examination of witnesses unnecessary.
Thus situated, events connected with the
trial and execution were crowded into a
narrow space ; his guilt
,was sure, and
stern policy required immediate
Andre implored the ; favor of, being shot,
and dreaded the halter:,
request was submitted to the
general officers, who decided that the Corn
mander-in-Chief must adhere to the
,sen
tence, Andre supposed, when he was
led out for execution, that his request 'was
to he complied with, till he came in sight
of the gallows—rthe sight of which
,caused
him to halt—for .a moment ho could not
utter a sound—at length, recovering his
fortitude, he said, "1 um reconciled to my
death, but detest the mode." In general
orders, Sir Henry announced his lamented
death to the British army, in the most ten
der feeling and respectful manner.
The three militia men who took Andre,
were "lions" in camp—particularly when
Washington delivered to, them their medals
and pensions of, two hundred dollars each
per annum, for life, awarded by Congress,
which Washington deemed ample and lib
eral.
,Andre offered them any .sum tole
lease him, and proposed That the two oth
ers should keep him in the woods, while
the other went to Sir Hunry for the ran
som; payable either in gold, or in dry
goods, which inghose da'ysNY6e more val
uable than cash.
WATC II VA.HING.-- MITIOSt WAITS' body
knows, what a watch is, and most
I people
understand its use; but, after al, very
few arc aware of its mechanism, nor have
they any idea of the number of tiny pieces
of which it is composed; It is, in fact i one
of the greatest curiosities that human In
vention ever produced.
Mr. Dent, in a lecture befbre the Lon
don Royal Institute,made an allusion to the
formation of a watch, in which he stated
that a watch consisted of 992 pieces ; and
stated that ( 24 trades, and probably 215
persons, are_employed in making one of
those machines..
The iron, of which the balance spring
is formed, is valued at something less than
a farthing; this produces an ounce of
steel, which is worth 4.ld.,which is drawn.,
into 7,250 yards of steel wire, and repre•
scuts in the market 66 dollars.
Still another process of hardening this
originally farthing-worth of iron, renders
it workable into 7,850 balance springs,
which will realize, at the common price,
24. 6d. each, f.,846 65., the effect of labor
alone. Thus it may be seen the mere la
f
bor bestowed upon a farthing worth o
iron gives it the value of f,84855.,0r $4,55,
which is 25,880 times its original value.
Who could believe that the small article
he carries in his pocket, to denote the time
of day, was the work of 215 persons
Yet it is doubtless so.—Ploughman.
Nutritive Properties of the Potato.
The potato, it is well known, is one m
the most valuable edibles of the farm. Its
nutritive properties have also been univer
sally ,regarded as great; yet, very few,
perlirtps, have ever appreciated them so
highy as they deserve. Compared with
the articles below named, the relative value
of the potato, for alimentary purposes is
as follows, which I, have no doubt will be
interesting to your readers:
One 'hundred pounds of good mealy po
tatoes are equal to •
Meat, clear, without bone, • 25 lbs
,Beans, . ps ic
Li .
Wheat Breed, •
Parsnips and carrots, 196 "
"
Tarnips, . _ 300
Cabbages,
', • .100 "
The experlinents upon, 'Whieli this, table.
Was predicated, were CendUcted by. Perry
doubtless very ecirreetly.
',I3EuT tiqukfli--,--Theirtanufactu re of Led
root sugar is attracting considerable atten,
t tom the production of this. a r Ude
in Europe :was estimated at, 55,000 tons;
hi,1047 it was said to b 0,100,000 • tons,
and in" 1850 it was calculated to, be • :100,-;
(100 tons. The manufectura; is..said to; be
raPidly, increasing; ,and realizing a great
p ro fit . ,to those engaged in it• ,; , . ,
, IJ
U'ITES.;--;Ellety:rndn ought'to pays his,
debtsie he can. 'Ey,ery , man 'might to
help tia neighbor--i No can. Every man
and .woman, ought to get' inarriet)--4, theY
ean:. Every man , should do his work to
suit hisctOomer.s—ifhe.can. . Every man'
should pletis'alliswifc--if be can. Every
wife sliould;plettse' her haSbandif she can.
!Every, .'should sometimes
tonguo=-uif-shecan. Every lawyer ehould
(sometitries telt)thor he c Ey=
Foy, matt shOld 'nun&
ean ; and'eVery toe:" Every
. one 'should•ttikei newspaper,'Od.vaij for
it—any how.—Ezdtange paper.".,
. .
• RIM. ,
/ Aware , Ilnolltllyo. 119 60 9 lonanot Smooths; .;'a oo
Ido 8' do • lOf 3 do 6 mon th s; ', , 7, to
Zilch afoloeiltdop. dO. . •81 V. • i i . iii ...ttu... • . tow
, ignores 8 months .. aM 1 hal 00 111 r 08 . 1 1:r* I
do ~ i 6 months. - •4oi t dal 40' 6
do 111.moraltr. Ol t .do ,do 18 do . . VU
a• do ,wsnoinh.. 4 a 1 tiolanan 8 mouthy.'' 00
0 6 months, fr 5t I•do• , 6. do , • !.. YA WPIi.
do . ,18,:monthoe i 801 I do ,li do ' '
i
A liberal reduoliP*;loll be made to fdedohtuds aid otliou
who advertise by the yeet.
oor Wiper oltoolotro in army neighborhood i end lo mad ht
brolly evert locally in the contsty—and therolpre alrotde o
oonventent and cheap-intents for the basidass • Milk or 01t
'CUllllty—the marabout. mechanic' ,nad all cdters—to astend
the knowledge ot their Welton and bu.inest ' We' should
like to Insert "A Cord" for every Mebbonio, Aletotisse4ll44.
Proltsarnol men to the wooly. We have ',imply If Noon*
without enoroaching upon out modito columns. dad Om**
to a leo Itimata humans will lose by advertising extesstvo lii;-•
fa. au a generalla IN the more a Moldy ,ly ,n,
' man intillOnaleail
the grouter will De kis ilaillts.
. . ,
•
• Books, Jobs and Bionics, "'r`
OF F.VERV DF.ScIRIPTIoN:PRINTED IN Tl_____F. VE
RY B tin t3Ty.t.v, AN D •ON lain stioarves.
• . NoXION. AT TDB °Friel: oF Tnii, ,
'14..D814F,1F.1.D REXUBLIDAN.IF . , •
'lmportant 'to Dairymen.. ,
Our readers have all,in yearspaSt,heard,
of the success ofAlonzo D. Fish, of Litch
field, Herkimer' County, in the deiryin4,
business, a business in which hohod been
largely engaged,and in which hah l as done!,
great service to others, who are" pursuing' -
the same branch of agriculture. . .
. ,
There is, perhaps, no Man, in this eonn
, try, who had, done more to promote ; Op,
speed ofpractical information among dairy; •
men, and to enconrage'a desire and thirst
for knowledge, in this dePartmentt.
,then
Mr. Fish. ,It is therefore with Much pietis t ,
urc, that We - copy the following' articlo
from the
, Harlunner Democrat, and We,cali,
attention to'the experiments`; so 'enteflillyi,
detailed, in his communication. s ,
There is no branch of Agricultinal pur
suits
more important tothe public, than the
malting of Butter and Cheese, noir in
which producer and consumer are more
equally interested,and we hail animprere.,
merit in it, with great •pleasiire. ~\V4, St
not, however,design to endorse ihe print' :
pies laid down in Mr. Fish's article, hav,- .
ing no practical knowledge of tiro expert,
merits in question, but the known ' 41)114,
of Mr. Fish to judge in such matters, and,
especially after an experiment eo carefuy,
made, is a sufficient reason for introdue
ing it to our' readers:---* Y. Farnter,,,, 1
'6 Ma.,Burrole—lf you think, the falA
lowing report suitable to your columns, I.'
should like to see it in print, because I be., l
lieve the amount of cheese per gallon ham
never been beat, if ,equalled. • ~ .. ;,• ; ,;,,
Number ofcows, 4 ;' price paid,l322,per!
head, in• March; age, from sto 5; timoof
coming in, middle , of March and Ist oft
April ; number of lbs. of cheese . on hay
and 1 peck of carrots a clay,,3i ; on grass
only,in May or June, 4 lbs. per cow; num. :
'her of quarts which they gave, 8 to the!
milking; number of gallons per dab ,12 ;
number of gallons pet into a cheese,
• ,g,4;,
weight of cheese after done pressing 32 114; 1
number of cheese made, 40: all sold at :
home market for 0 cts. per lb; ;lumber 9.f!
lbs. per gallon 1 ,rate per season, 729 4 1
MODE OF MAKING:4-First day's ,:milk ,
put into 2 air tight cans, holding 6 gOlll.l.
'each, and lowered into the well; below the,
surface of the water ; second day's treated ,
after the usual manner, the night's milk,
cooled more thoroughly; the whole raised ,
to 1000 and over ; rennet applied and stir-1
red briskly sor 10 rninutes. In from 15.
to 30 minutes more, cat with a wire cut-•
to to a fineness of corn, stirred with a'•.
wooden paddle till cooked hard ; number'
of degrees of heat in scalding 1005 to 'llQ§,
according to hardness or softness of 'curd
no separation acre= took place in the
first day's milk rind a trifling in the last
night's.
QUALITY OF MILK USED:—Cheese was
made during four days and cream churns
ed alternately: quantity of butter made 12
lbs.
Hrisrrst—From certain ipbseryationV
which I have made during several years
of failure to produce the best and Oar
cheese from a given quantity of tnillr',l•
came to the following conclusions. ' That
electricity is the vitalizing principle trail
animal substances. Milk 'being an'an
imal product, contains a portion of it ;
the more recently drawn from the in the
more there is in it,and tire more nn
reet t•
will take to digest a given quantity. Physi-
cians have noted the fact that new milk
dose not digest as readily as that which'
has first cooled, and then been warmed or
scalded. The nearer souring 'also, the
more electricity , it contains, it being the
nature of acid to excite electricity.
Any degree of heat alone will not'' sour
milk. It will remain for several" daysin
the bag at a temperature of• 100 degrees
without souring, though it coagnlates.i, At
the same time let it be drawn into the air
and it - will sour in 10 hours •or les4 , in a
temperature of 70 degrees or 80 degrees'.
So butter will remain 6eale4 l bu
up from the
air for years without change; twill be
come rancid, if exposed, in'
n '4B the hrs air
.--'--•
The 'first point then is, 'te ClUde
completely from milk while standing: The
second, to extract the electricity dranimal
heat as soon 'as possible.' Small dir-right
vessels are the best for'this proeb,SS; butif
these should be deemed cumberiorne and
expensive, a wooden follower is recom
mended, with cotton cloth taeked" around
the edges, and fitting close to the inside of
the vat, to be pressed hard dowa r tipon the
milk: The expenses of such an article
would not exceed ova dollar; and it Will
pay for itself in the making of one cheese.
Milk'Cooled in large only on' the
bottom and sides, is longer in ceoling,and
raises' its' Cream more rapidly: Alter,"it
bas cooled to a terriperaturo of the 'air,
above, a color 'of caloric, parries down
through, it to the colder waterbelow pro
ducing deconnpositiOn. ' As to the advan
tages of the abctve process of making
cheeeel can 'do no more tban state the
facts; others must judge of the quality of
the article: ' Several "small "eheeses • ivete
made while pursuing tire' above mode, in
the old way, tdich fell Acid in weight (nth
genitor. The quality you c4rfjuage of Mt.
Editor, as you are,pregented with one or
A.D. FISH. :
Litclifield, Writ. Co., Jari.;`l.4, tEtfl2.'