•1 II •.:t r%. .ki .1: . MEI .1. L VUI: TV ... .tjtitg'iintop . sciv — ._ istnetz liVALlsi4ii EVERY THURSDAY MORNIE(I. Adtance Map subscribers,' •OF ADVERTISING, 1 square, 0112 lines or ICsa, 1 iisertiOn, • $0,50; 41 • •lII ‘ I, • • every : subsequent insertion, 25 Euli and figure work, per sq., 3 insertions, 3,00 Every subsequentlusertion, 50 1 eoltuins',• one year; -•' ' 25,00 1 solamn, - siz inonths, 15,00 Administrators' or Executors' Notices, 2,00 tt e i bpriffs . Sales, per tract, . •),50 isrofessional Cards not exceeding eight lines iTaierted tor $5,00 per annum. )• Al!. letters on' business, to secure at minion, should be addressed (post paid) to the Publisber. • • • THE MAT EXODUS NORTHWARD. The long-continued bold weather has worked a great revolution in the' course of trade.. The bridge of ice, extending the whole length of the" Ohio, has given new activity to a large, and constantly grewing business.. While the severity of the sea; - on, and the state of the roads,, prevent the farmers Of western Virginia and Kentucky from taking most of their produse to mar ket; some.of it 'seems endued with the power of taking itself from market quiet effectually. Across that friendly ice away is made fur the self-ransom ed to pass over. Jack :Frost himself; in his old age, ,has become incendiary. He- " burns frore," and that river, whose past devotion to slavery entitles h to at iea . st a first class Foreign Mis sion, now thrown into chains, feels a strange sympathy for its fellow-bond sufferers, and reaches out its manacled hands fur their aid. Along the whole line where slavery and freedom con front each. other,. scenes at e enacted that remind-us of'the earlier flight of Julia and her boy over the same river. Should . the presetit cold snap continue, there is reason to fear that it will snap the fetters of many a Door bondman, thus frozen into freedom. The under giound railway, being below the frost and snows, at present so troublesome in the tipper world, is enabled to land its passengers with great regularity and promptness. The Rev. Mr: Hunt, the temperance lecturer, used tolell a story of a Vir giuian,• slightly shattered in hisiutel beet, who one day came to his brother, a large plantei, with a most important discovery: " I . have found out," - said he, f. that the coons never eat any corn only on the 'outside rows ; and when we plant next year, we won't have any outside .row." How to take care of the outside row of slavery is just now. one of the great problems of the age, and one imperatively demanding a so lution. The New . York. Times asserts that, since ISSO, not less than thirty-five millions of dollars (S 35,000,000) worth of slave:shave escaped from the North am slaveholding States to Canada and tho free .States ; a drain . upon the proflts'ofslaverbreecling that few other initutviat interests ofthe country would Imar. Not is there any reasonable prospect that the loss will be less in years - to' tome,- The rapes that have preated this state of things do not dis appearor-grow-wenk. ' We well remember the intetest•with which we first examined` the move ment of a pocket certipais. Great was pgr cfiildish wonder at the inysterious , power,yf 4.t.e North Star .io draw,cob jeet4 toward itsylf. But since that day it has developed a morel' power. • It has become 'one of the-.great benevo . lent forcesof the age. P.opts celebrate . its praiseL _ - B,llll.authropists bless it.. it aspciate d in. our. thoughts with that • Star in the-East• which guided wise, teen to one "who -came to' open the ,prison doors, and to set at liberty those that are liOund ..Isfot .: only iron, but human beipgi, toagneti;e4 . by the love of freedom, own its power.- 'While we !rite, sceres;dieWb - ,by'AS bjfiueiite, : ye basting-aoross our slavery-tainted sod fo t>lo wl4lJed fpr - lied, where 'they fled themselves !—that manhood wlich lb; heard, and. never Vieire;" In weariness, in - faintinds, i as, - • Ot , r ' I cnr, 14_ • 3 i• 4 ,1 A "'" . . • . 1.71„.t'' •••• • • 01V. •,. ,747.411 1'%14 4:4 r::: . • 41 71-M ; 1:1; " .• ; 11: -..)::f • • .‘ • . 1; Ls:, -•-• 're .Z. . ; ) : fr:l2 a ,3 • - !t - L . •-• .; (.. Irt a s . . . . . . cold and nakedness, in perils of robbers . and in perils of the heathen,. do. they urge their way,,., gay qrod, preserve the poor wanderer, .and and. the kind heart that takes hirn in and cheers him On. . $l.OO 1.25 When nature and the stars ,in . course fight against .our institutions, it is high time they shnultl be loolted after. If our .Governmenn seriously intend to put a stoptothe..aceties,now enacted upon opr.soil, let them show their sincerity by thawing ant the Ohio At once. Then let them hang agreen blind over the North`Star, and cutoff the tail of the. Urs a. Minor, that ram pant beast that roams at willround the heavens, • 3 insertions, 1,50 ‘: And bids the North forever know. its place." While nature is unrestrained, while the stars are suffered to kifidle nightly their incendiary fires, something. more than the stork in the heaven will know its appointedtime,,and something bet ter than the turtfe, - andthe crane, and swallow, the will observe the time of . their corning. And sn . we phoerfully submit to the rigours of this 'frightful winter, , and admire that sUperintentlingprovidence, " that out of seeming illeduCesgOod." When; from Our' lonely room at mid night, we rook forth upon nature, and hear the howling of the winter's wind, the gioonci is 6.1 i 'dispelled by the re flection that this is freedom's huur— the hOtir when the stars''shine, and hu man beings, guided bytheir light, find their lust trianhobd. " The htinter now bath left the runei, The•scatterett coveye unit secure." And so, in lace , Of ridicals and fanat ics, we avow• our love of thai :great American Track Society that has °paned a pathway.for freedom across our soil, and guides the pilgrim safely through it; • its unselfish• "catholic basis." The'daily and nightly issues of its steam ex-presses commend it to the love of all the good. In its managers and "Life Directors," " Con gregational" or. otherwise,' we have entire confidence, and, from our heart, du wp wish them success.' • • If, as it- is said; there is " honor among. thieves," why should golile quality be lacking in so many' little boys ? • ' . " Boys will be boys," said one_ in reply to a remark of mine on thiSsub ject. This Lknow, and do not desire to see " old heads upon young should ers," What I want is to beg boys to be governed by honor, and honesty, in their dealings with one another. "'Why don't you lend your skates and sled to the other buys When you are not usitig them l" hilie asked, and been answered, "Itecause boys think nothing Of brealting ode . other's things, and sometimes consider it smart, and then laugh at you for being - so green as to lend them" But dun't they gay the damages 7" Now•was my turn to tie fairghed at for the absurdity Of my ‘! Pay damages! never !" This krute . d harshly upon a mother's ears; nud . lll tell'yott why. Because hr the 'first placirl knew hOW much a bOy thinks of his first sled, first.skateS, - aircfrirsi pocket knile. Many rich . men who I4ve iii free- - stiJne phlaces in Naw-YOrk will colitss that they . never had greater prize than theirfirit sled,' ' with its biighi paint and well-ironed run ners, and that the .. iicis'eis'it;ii' of iltates gave•them many sleepless honrs - of 'de light:: 'Now whew Eloya •knovii 8V wall now much they'prize . their own things, is it nut •ii . ery- much like atealii4:, to carelessly injure t;uut!lFr boy's proper ty aud.millie no effort to repair. the Iv4s - • "But how can asboy_pay, when he . tlaa g?t, no money V' Ineac one .of my readera„ oa4+ l pechap, immediate4r. v , lie cttn,go homo , aucl teal his, lathe! 1 44.1,duue, and„ keg him to give pia the, means of ,refaikteghis 11 his lather i .sepa,- fit_to ulnae hisxe luest, he pen savehis pennies. All, he has enough money able 0W64- or. he 'can' iialect'froieminohehis Vlitytirngl DUPT.FA:TO .THE.P . R!I!1 . 6p e !..fo py,p,Emociwir t -Aro TUB DisitAitietvitthst RALITY','I,;.744III,#. #I4ONG. BOYS, O°IUIOPORt POTTER, COUNTY- P / ISMICH 27, 1856. wsoh .enough to pay for ,the hartu'-he has even.if ;he has.to. give away. a. very ~ precious toy : _ ,If he Is, too pppr • for as this and h a little,Yankee con . . • ,ttivance, perhaps he,tait mend the in jnTed article and make it as georl,as new. Hillis cannot be dpne, he can, go to his playmate, and say he its 'ery sorry for the accident, - and that he is not able to - repay their diimages, and 'then . show • his" sorrow by iiipriiving the firse chimee *doThicrinjtire d friend favor. nOt•haveto Waitlong for an opportunity to slew kindness Which'is better than Money. • • 'Phis is as mnch a young boy's duty as it 'will be When he is a few years -olde'r, and acCidentliinjures a borrow ed horse and carriage, to repay the owner for his lois. A boy 'who •will .break another's 'knife, lose hie ball, drop his new book in the Mud,' or break his sled; and then laugh at his playmate's distress, • or even refuse to pay him in some way for his loss, will ' , b6 very likely lo -make a forger, de faulier, burglar, •or perhaps Something • A meaii unfeeling boy iS a sad hope less sight. =Like a crooked, dwarfed,: ;young tree,' nothing - grand 'noble 'can. be :mitclis . 'of it. - Aga" . Will only make'it More ugly 'an& despieit; his too much the fashion among boys to scorn gentle loving manners, or leave their sisters to leain such ways, while they try to be what they call-men.' A boy who wishes to be a true man, ".- the noblest work' of God,".. must • begin while he is young to be honest honor able, and "do ; as you would be done by,." fur he_ will.. be . the .:same person when he , grows up..that - he is nowi.only stronger r ilarger, in ,mind and. body. and 6etter, able to: do••gOod- Let us by. .all - „means --have "nano, ainong boy;." - ,• •M. E. W. TO TEAOHItEd AND DIRECTORS Many of the certificates .given to teachers in this couuty,:have -expired, or will expire on, or before, the Ist day of June next.:. Some of those who will wish to have their certificates're pawed, will be prepared 1 trust -to pass that 4' Thorough, „Examination" wbich:will entitle •them to the ":Per manent" or "Professional" Certificate. Others :will at least be prepared to-re ceive a lusher grade of the "Tempo rary" Certificate. Should it meet the 'convenience and ‘yishes of Teachers and Directors, 1 now propose to bold a : general Teach ers' ,E xaming tion„ at Coudei sport,! the fast week. in April. The time. pro posed, Ts . iu view of the fact that. a.con siderable number- of schools will prob ably. open, the, first of May. The time of the examination will be altered, however, it' it is found expedient. . Lie proposed examination is not intended to supersede local or individ •ual examinations, but to be made au occasion of interest cud benefit to such Teachers ,Directors and others,. as may attend, lu accordance with the above de aild as a rnatZer of.general. lime; rest, ome hints are giveu:below, as . tu . the, kind and , degree of acquire ments which 4 pe.rsou. should :,possess, who,aspives,to 141.heaorable , .and prCt lessionat standing, .as a Common School Teacher... Tbelawenumerates Qroograilly, heading, writing,Geog, GFamtuar..and , Arithmetic, as the, branches...which„must be taught in every district,. The .candidate is .there fore . usually. examined,: in.. all .these branches, : if no. more.; likewise .in the " 4,1 t.vr Sogie:briel re marks therefore . _ ,made under each .of these heads_:. , • I.9Ltuography. Mader this :head, the cauAtidato should :.be able to, , ex.- plain tAlaustuke 91 allthe-elemeatary bquads,ol,the.lauguage, .ltd the . office of all ttie-leueres p 1 the.: alphabet,. and characters _wed ,iu,wr . itiag. He :should b.a.able ;o1 spell: words, -not :only, by giving, the,letters.used iawrjtiog.them . Aut. tigt sowttls of which thepate cola ;pqsedp; opoken-Lworducr l3ei.should Oki? be able,tosruillse °llia/se words; . . by,theit: lgttops, ,Andsonn . ds, and be acOnintpci, .witlx:tho,4ules of with Iyarytnt : figthoyitierl in :Orthography.. .4eading.,Yll9 candidate, should be prepared to:explain- the requisities 1 . 91 geo reading,, to read i .hirnself, in a ,proper•and.,gragefal: manner, and to •criticiF9 the faults usually ~coMlnitted in:13 : 4 . 17 . 4g; tiedeF AO. several heads of articalatien,:pronunciatien, ..ieflec ,tion, emphasis. and modulation.. Writing: . .l3,esidea writing a fair hand himself, the. caudidatt.i.shbuld be able to point, out, tbe, : ordinary faults of writing; . and to, explain. how. f kill in the art is to, be: acquired.. 4. Geography. -An adequate Itnowl edge of this branch implies, not. only some -acquaintance with. Mathemati cal Geography, an. ability to . explain the : phenomena ,attendant upon . the diurnal - and , annual . moLions of: the earth, and to. giv.e., the, ordinary „de scription of its natural and political divisi9ns,,butlikewise :to -give some ,acouet of the _more important .facts .antl• principles of "-Physical. .Gpogra .phy,'' as pertaining to .the the 'Water, the Atmosphere and the: Or= ganized -Existence. of our planet.— Some attention should:also•have been paid to, Comparative and Statisical Geography, and /to Chronology. and History—,especially of our own coun try.. . 51 Gran - mar. Under' .this general head, the candidate would be . expected to give somo account of.,the erigin, history; and peculiarities of.the.Eng lish Language ; .to analyze and parse such.aentences•a.s_might .be proposed, and to know semetbing about the derigation•ap.d analysis of words, ;He should also have a proper acquaintpice with . Punctuation, : Figures of Gram- Mar lain:lll6l°de, Prosody, and ; the general Art of.Cumpositien. In_ ad diiion to : this, he should be able,readi ly to detect and correct gra.mmatical errors, and to give reasons for the cor . • rcctions. • 6. Arithmetic. .Readiness and pre cision in the mental analysis of•, such examples as aragiven in Colburn or -. Stoddard, may , be expected of the good school teacher. In, the soltition of questions in Written, Arithmetic, theye i should be ability to demonstrate the principles - involved, as well as to give rules for the.operations. • .It should also be -understood that a satisfactory examiaatinn in any branch includes an ability. to> explain the Art of Teaching, that - branch.. ADDITIONAL )311ANCHE8. Algebra. Some knowledge of Al gebra is quite ,useful, but in the .pre sent condition ofour schools a thorough -tratning.in Meotal - Arithmetic, .far more important. Thix'fonndation for mathematical ,attainments is not yet appreciated t as it.should.be. • • Geometry. The'simpler -elements of Geometry may be taught 'even to little children:and, the. study ,be made a:recreation .rather, than: a taAk.. It is very, Nell:therefore fortheteacher- to .be able to teach: this branch. Physiology. • • ,It is to be, regretted that the ,Law does not yet require this branch to he ; taught iu Directors however may wish. it, and every, teacherAhould know at least_ so. much of the, science, as: wilt enable him to exercise au intelligentpare for 145 own- health, and, that of his, pupils. . : TheNatPral Sciences,.(;enerally.-- Some knowledge, of Natural .Philoso r phy,,Chpipi.stry, Geology, Astronomy and,Natural History, is very, useful to the ; tPt:chet t: et : bough 4,7nai, not .be ; reqpirpd give,instruction's.in them. SuP ll .l.Knoniell&e• eMicit his , ewn mind, sod,ippre47se:his.ability ,inte,, rest and hqnefit, I* .. .;.fLaTui: • - .Anlacinaintance witb_thia language is more useful to the:teach• et , than: any: othei beside his-'own. enterslargfilt into-the' cenipesiticin 'of the.Englibh:Tongue,- • - • 'MGRIC 'AIIG ',DRAWING.. These :no= 4omplishniont& arererobietnly usefal tos , diet- tedoherfrtisti forniOr for 'the otike Of) itritifioidg.riofteiiint '64E41 tttiellatter.lti as aid ~tOl itiStinetidn in almost every branch . ciflitiulp. and means of recreation for the pubpil. anal . lutellec.tual Philosophy. Although the PAclzt.. be ,not familiar with the roccived theories upouthese subjects, still lie. nmst _have sume .cor -rect practical knowledge of the laws of mental -and moral development, and would•do well to read' to Somer . short approved areatiea upon these branthes of science...• , • ;Logic.- The..teacher. should know how-to reason ; and will -find much help from reading Wheatly,• or some other appoved • author 'upon the.subject.. . . Prefressional -Reading. No one is supposed. to be 'qualfied to discharge ,the.duties of a Physician or Lawyer, who has never- read a Medical -book, or a treatise •upon Law. It can hard ly.be imagined then, that any one will be entitled-6- rank as.a Professional School Teacher,- who -has never read some such books as those-which' Ab bott; Hall, - Emerson, Potter; Page, Mayhew, Northend, have Written • . . .upon the subject.of common school ed ucation. .The good. teacher _may also , be supposed •to take .one or more Periodicals devoted to the interest of his - c.alling. J: B. PRADT, Co, Sup't. . . CuuderspOrt, March 15,18 x& A EURQPBAII ; CPAGRESS. Ifthe.rumar brought by . the.A.rabia that:Russia!demands the convention of a general. congress; should prove' true, then such a declaration move ought to be conoile3e4 as a tnasterly;act , on the part: -of. the; othetwise decrepit Russian : diplomacy. This is simply . a cheek aimed 'dt. England; as - fionisßo•- naparte can few, if any; real 'ob jections to sucti.a4eeision. Tliti Con gress will ofsourseitake place inPar , - is, to the great delight, of French amour :propre . .It will attract numbers of diplomats; interruediakies 'and traii 'ors.' means . a current ofgold from all parts.Of the ,world . will Set to ward:Paris. The manufacturer and the shop-keeper will 'find' rich and pay booty, and, the Working classes and day-laborors additional, rewardi. The central advantages mill be difius ,over the country and,' -as interpreted by the creatures of the usurper, dound.te.his glorY. As we . . haie he-7e - 7 fore said, his fame asleading.the Peace Conferences or the sessions of it Euro pean Congress, will be' made to 'sun= p ass Itliat of his cle. E verytlii ng, tberefore,,can tend only ..to increase and,strengthen the hold: of Louis • polOon over a majority of Frenchmen of all claises and parties ; and accord= he must 'hail with 'pleasure Congress the probability of, which a month ago he himself suggested. . Francis Joseph, too, carnicit object to participate in "'such a Congress, composed of EilroPean monarchs or their attorneys - and representatives, where Louis *l'apoleon and Alexander 11. will sustain the prOminent =parts; Where on6i kings will be' perforniers, ~. • ' and where'word theliberty trill not be breathed, except, perhaps, in , con nection-With British Free trade. The last - hope of the liberals and of the nationalities will be stifled by , its ceedingS. All this will aid the Haps burts,:and, iu a word, the . Congress will be as absolutist and conservative as was the treat - one of Vienna 'or the .stnaller Of Verona. Russia, 4n/ending such:a Congress and promising en,her honor to abide by its -decisions, ' - probably 'does not run any risk that it w' ill' tut n against her; Louii itafoolecin, in" Ids 'celebra te' d.,apeech at;,,the . Expoiition _of ,last year, appealed to the, opinion - of .ti, roper. itud• ;by: this—the :opinion or Fraqee included in it being stieli es, lie perpaits—::the Old ,Iffkif , llo 'Oil 1.-• France fil t ranit'sio ,iitill 'yery,likly„liq, - eed 7 ,firmeit. , I " f4s4. 994.141;01 iniprobabla 'the more as thetemtists. a near re * . latiOnshili . betweett•'''tbe -bephews of Afqx r an" 'At. OrOugit'hiS sister, the sto drand Ilnehisi 4 teiebienber ' and Lodi: Napaleen,.- 5 At 7 li , Congress', - - 1 1., . 7. ... ; .. ,'- '4 ' if ' 74 . 72 7 . ` ..:..: 4 : : . ', Oir: ,l', I t ~ A.S7I ',.....,, .s. , ,;..-,, :, ~.i.it!,": 7 , .*'',.... iv.... Y 1 /7';:, , - , .:Z1 7 .,. . IRE ems Rdisia-Will find inbif German as well as Italian soveleigns friendly disposed, and : of courr,br.4iplotriats will not propose :anything the least distastetul to the - trench Emperor. It is very likely . t 1 at Maisie - day `tiffello lug that the same be done biEtigland with respect to Heligoland:l Tlaie b land, menacing the whole: of GermanY. domineering over all her northern es tuariezi, was detached from -that.-contit ry by. the Treaty' or Vienna, and; . ita possession by England as an armed stronghold has caused .continual nit ! easiness to German auverigns .as. :well tai.to German. patriots. Who .knows -but the Russian diplomats may go.:a step further, and suggest or claim, la the name of the equilibrium of Europe and of the securty of Abe .Mediterra nean States, the dismantling of -Gib raltar and Malta, to all of which Franco Spain, and the Italian . Statee,:aboso all, Naples, will fwd--no- objectiou.-7- - England has no friends: imciriethet Continental Powers, and this last .Wirt t has contributed mightly to lower the prestige once exorcised by her; -While the offensive_ language of her prate and her politicians has. created much irritation. Prussia and other Geripau powers,. Doninark, Naples, Greect, Tuscany, Austria and Siain; will seize the occasion of such Congivsa. to . . repay England for old offenses. Eng land seems . to be tiwaie that her j:tOst- . : tion'brfore Stich a body would be isu. latOd, where Ale could rely' only nis Portugal and Coburg,- or in some 41u . gr e on Sardinia, since Sweeden probably follow France. The new. by the Arabia, therefore r reports truly that the idea of a Congress has aronie4. great uneasine s s among English states, :rnert,.and. that ,Lord Cowley lurrie4. from Paris to. London fornewinatrno; hone. Do RzunT.---The true motto for lifts, is to do right and let the tonsequence4 take 'care' of thcinselites.' It is 'all sheer vanity to strive to'accotpcnedata yourself at every point to the white' and notions of some other persori,.eit:: try to square your ideas to'pleaie or that sect or party. Oa the se:Ck;' : of mere personal gain alone; you* inevitably be the loser ;' and Once To:- ing tight of your integrity :and Ind.' pendence, you become :the slave . i4 petty tyrants, ,and make for yourseii" burdens heaVy to be borne. Do right—though' you have on Mies. You cannot...escape:titer : a by doing wrong. ' And it is littlo gain t l tiarteiTaway your honor and iutegvity, 'and diveSi yourself of moral courag ll t'o gain 'virliati abide by 'the "irtitif=frosvn ilbwo:, afl opposition; and rejoice in the feOlin; which must inspire a free aridindelau.- - dent •man. -Love.—The. imperishable, haustible,. unapproachable nature: in...thiA—that millions of lo vestal ics that have ben . ; written have not one whit abated ilk!: immortal interest that there is in rudest and stupidnst. love story. An the rest of the wretched thing may - bos the most dismal twaddle, but you caic help feeling a little interest, Whem'yo.i haVe'orice taken up.the book, :is' to. _ whether:Arabella will ultimately. - re,- lent in favor ofAugustus ; and whethi4 that wicked creature, man-or woman: whois keeping them .. apart; 'Will teat. "seen be *disposed daiusej was : asked 77.“ Witegt a Indy and a gentleman live quarrei r ed, and each other considers the'other at fault; which Of the . tVir 4 o;ight _bat the toward a •recondia atioel". `Her reply was, ..",the,.ke 3; hearted and the wisest of the tvre& : SSaeaueki ,Registet. a potato vine: sax pet. b e g xs, leagth. There , was. a:+fino- yield' potatoes at - the hottem. St. Louis, Feb."1.2.;-:arhe - Sa arrived at Liaeiet.dinet. oa Saturday jest. .The_ snow ierfilleen, fuettleep an the:. plaine.• The- woo. waril bound mail vratoblitod tb *Wt. .4 .2,2# . MI ENE