THE PEOPLE'S JOURNAL JNO. S. .WINN, A. ArERl', Editors COUbiRSPORT, THURSDAYiiORNING, MAY 24, 1855 E -'ltiola will make a good writer with a little practice, and we shall al 'ways be glad to receive her favors. JUP . One of the editors is away, and the other is engaged in planting pota toes, corn, and other garden vegeta.: bles, so that this paper may lack some *of the usual tariet\•. 07 The fibtbrious Lewis hiker charged being the murderer of Bill Poole, Was brought to Nev York in the drapeshot on the 13th instant, and is now confined in the ToMbs. lE7There will be a meeting at the Couttliense on TueSday evening of next Court, to make arrangements fur a grand freedoin gathering on the 4th of July next. Doubtless other matters connected with the present Crisis in Ransas, trill be discussed. All friends of Ft-eedom are invited to attend. The Legislature of !Cew York at its late session, passed an act for taking the census of that State the present year, and proposed 161 ques tions to be answered by every head Of a family ; which will elicit a vast ainouni of aoluable inforination. Why 'can't Pennsylvania follow so good an example 1-...11:tre is an arrival from,Eu "rope since Our last, but the news is unimportant. There has been hard fighting before Sevastopol, With no ot&rres.ili. than loss of life on both sides, aml great suffering, of course. The siege will have to be abandoned. There was an attempt. to assassinate tie Emperor Napoleon, which failed. The business• of our village be gins to improve. The lumbermen are rklurning with a iittie money, and the dairies contribute quite fieely to as- OA the business of the place: All classes begin to feel the improved con dition of affairs, and our merchants Begin to till up their stores; Lewis. Mann returned from New York on. Friday last, and will receive his new grho•ds in a day or two. Look out for his advertisement next week. Collins S'inith started for the city on Monday nrorning, and will doubtless let the rildie know What he bps to sell in due rFThe Spring term of Coudersport IYeademy closed on the 15th inst. The Saintlier term will commence on the 2bth of June, and we hope to see a lerge number of students in attend ti!,ce oh that day. Unless better sils t.sined, it is very likely Mr. Blooming d:tle will noVcontinue in the Academy it:any more terms and his place will hardly be supplied by his equal. We therefore urge every parent who de sifes to patronize a first class school, and every young person who desires to obtain a better education, to attend the next term of the Coudersport AtiaJemy. A better opportunity will net-r occur. Ee.Nlassachusetts is resuming the ! proud position she held•in the days of the Revolution, as the• leading charn pion of Freedom. The Legislature a short time since, passed a personal liuerty bill intended and well calehla ied.:„Lo make slave-catching in the old Bay State, a very difficult and some what darfgerous undertaking. Gov. qarduer,..with a laudable desire to strve the Southern Know Nothings, vetoes it, whereupon the Legislature . promptly passed• it over his head by a vote in•the House of 230 to 76, and_in the senate of 32 to 3. We trust the other States will be as prompt in fol lowing up this blow for freedom, as they were in '76, in sustaining the sanie . noble F p t in the Cradle of 'tic light that is breaking upon the West 'erh horiion looks very much like. the lurid flame 01 civil war. It is a solemn crisis that acre impends over the country. we k now that ags.nts are out, from western Missouri. striving to excite the people of the rest of the Stec' to join them in the violent proceedings thy have already started in Platte County. they succeed, Missouri .will soon be in a 'lldme. ft will spread to the South and the i'hiou itself will perish like a burnt scroll? ;Ind yet our i:Onserratire, patriotic, and in-Dented organ, has no word of condemnation for the authors of these v'etrages ; yet claims to be par excel lence, the low and imler- advocate. Wan wicr claim uvao worthless and YisvF voLtatit With this number the Journal en ters upon its eighth volume, and we Improve the occasion to have a littl6 personal talk with our readers. The past year has been a trying, tine to publishers Of country rie*spapers. The high price of pdpcii., laboi r and everything needed io sustain the office, has crippled a great many; and de sti-oyed not a few village papers. Then, in addition to these drawbacks, came the unusual drought,•curtailing the means of the farmer ; and causing Stagnation on all kinds of business; Which greatly diminished, the adver tising patronage, and had .a serious effect on the subscription list. Under these eirttimstances, we look back on 'the field and find great cause for thank fulness and congratulation. The zeal and liberality of our friends have en abled us to hold the even tenor of our Way. • The office is free from debt, with a fair prospect of remaining so. We have a hundred more subseriberS than at the commencement of volume seven, with a hopeful assurance • that' the list will be increased another limp dred during the present year. For this favorable state of our books, we feel a lively pleasure, and 'desire to return Warmest thanks to every ftiend who has lent us a helping hand, and especially do we thank those stanch friends who last December pledged us' l';s new subscribers. We are proud of the privilege of saying, that nearly every pledge then made was promptly redeemed. The good then done will not consist entirely in the material aid furnished for new sub scribers. The money was a necessity to the publisher,•but the encourage ment to the editor, in the.prompt and energetic response to his request, was quite as necessary, and will always be remembered with lively emotions of g ratitude and pleasure. We think we are safe in saying, that a paper sustained by suck friends, will• never go down, however - zealonsly the un scrupulous allies of Slavery in this neighborhood may labor and scheMe for its destruction. We are proud of our supporters. They are rather a small band, we ad mit, but they make up in faithfulness and persevering energy what they lack in numbers. In the most trying season for the farmer, since the Jour nal was established, they have more than maintained its subscription list. So we labor on, with a cheerful confi dence that when another bounteous harvest has filled the farmer's granary with grain, and his heart with joy and gladnesS, a new impetus will be given co the movement in support of a fear less and outspoken county paper. Meanwhile, we shall do our utmost to enliven the farmer's toil with en couraging words, with practical and useful hints, and with such facts as come within our reach, that may be beneficial for him tf , read. And here we repeat, in earn ;st terms. an inci tation often made to all who have a . word to say about their: business, to communicate freely with the Journal. We have labored hard . to make the paper an ally of industry, progress, and reform. As we gain knowledge by experience, we hope to be more successful hereafter than heretofore, and we hope our correspondents will become more' numerous and more regular. As to the great questions of Intem perance and Slavery, we need say nothing in this . article. Our paper has taken its position in that respect, and will maintain it with all the strength of purpose and will thht we can command. Believing in the De claration of Independence as a living . reality, we shall advocate its glorious doctrines with persevering zeal, and oppose thehateful institution ofSlavery with fresh energY and unyielding in dustry. To those who would like to sustain such a paper, we say, the People's Journal will not disappoint you. Those to whom such a paper is a torment, we can only say, we hope the time is not distant when you will grow into hearty and vigorous Re publicans,_instead of acting. as the pliant instruments of pro-slavery lead ers. When that time comes, you will take pleasure in sustaining a county paper whose influence is actively and energetically used in favor of Repub scan ideas, in opposition to Slavery ideas. And thus we commence a new vol ume. frIGNIFICAM The Nebraska papers; are afraid, to let their readers know what is going IA in Kansas. The letter of N. W. Goodrich, Esq., which simply repeated the old .story about slavery not going ink) Kansas without a law first being passed, to legalize it, could find _a prompt notice in the pro-slavery pa per of this County ‘; but a letter in which Mr. Goodrich gave a history of the workings of the Nebraska Kansas bill,.is passed over in silence. Mr. G. being a star in the Administration par ty when in M'Kean, shoWs that Hun kerism is afraid of the•truth. Again Gov. Reeder is an old line Democrat of -the conservative school, a fast friend of the President, and a defender of the Douglas bill, and. be sides is a Pennsylvanian of some noto riety. Well, Guy. R. after spending the winter in Kansas, returned to this State in the early part. of May, and made a speech to a large number of the people of Easton, his. old - friends' and neighbors, in which he gave a brief but highly interesting 'o.6:omit of affairs in Kansas. This speech was shortL—uut a caw= of the ordinary village paper, but it was of so much importance that it was sent over the wires, as fast as delivered, to all parts of the country. In this speech Gov. Reeder appeals in good, honest terms, for the sympathy and influence of the people to enable him to maintain the supremacy of the law in Kansas. Yes, of such lacy-as the Douglas bill left for that ill-fated Territory. One would think old lino Democrats would be glad to render one' of their own num ber the cheap assistance asked for— to comply with his reasonable request. But to his earnest appeals they turn a deaf ear, for the reason that to.sltytain him is to oppose stater,'. Hence the organ in this county withholds his speech from its readers, as has nearly every paper•of like stamp, in the State. Hence it was left for a Free Soil mem ber-of the Legislature of this State,: to introduce and sustain the following resolution offered in the House on the Sth inst. by Hon. B. Laporte, of Brad ford county, and adopted by yeas 75, nays none Resolved, That the gratitude of the people of Pennsylvania is eminently due to Governor Andrew H. Reeder, of Kansas, for his faidtfid adherence to the old landmarks of republican liberty, in.defending the parity of the ballot box, against a lawless mob of Missourians; we,_ the representatives - of his native State, tender him our heartfelt thanks, and bid him a cordi ul welconie to his lime, family and friends. A weirsimper which omits all notice of the important - events alluded to in the above resolution, would doubtless be up with the times south of Mason and Dixon's line ; but what intelligent freemen want with such an' old fogy concern, is more than we can guess TAVEBI LICENSES The Lancaster Express is doing the cause of the people a very important service in.its exposure of the shallow reasons given ftir granting tavern li censes in that county. The editor is teaching Judge _Hays both law and morals--,a service much needed if the Judge's rejoinder to the Express is a fair sample of his ideas on these sub jects. Judge H. holds to the old doc trine .that " the keeping of a public house with a license, was a regular and lawful business, and when the appli cation was sustained according to law,. the party was entitled to his license." ThiS might have beep the law pre vious to the act of 1850 ; but since then no lawyer will take any such po sition, and Juge Hays is. the only man ever on thebench, that We have known, who held to old precedents in spite of a plain act of Assembly. The Hon. Robert G. White, Presi dent Judge Of this district, and a better lawyer than one half the members of the Supreme Coutt, has always held this doctrine, and as the fruit of such an opinion, no licenses kire been grant ed in .this county since January, 1852. Judges Galbraith,M'Clure,and Haines have lately taken a public position in hal mony with this idea. As Judge Hays of Lancaster is evi dently 'courting the liquor influence, let him have the full benefit of his hon ors. Common people have made the discovery. that, though a public house for the entertainment of travelers and strangers, is a great good in commu nity, a license to manufacture drunk ards, is a great nuisance, and must be abated. If any of the Judges. , have not yet learned this simple fact, it is time they were rubbing their eyes open ; for the people are wide awake, and in earnest on this qUestion: We may al so say for the benefit of Judge Hays and all other skeptics, that we have had better public houses in Couders port since licenses were refused, than we ever had before. IMPROVE YOt SYSTEM OF EARNERS/. The eats and corn are now chiefly in the ground. Of the late crop, we have abundant evidence that 'more has been planted than ever before in . this county, and we hope it has' been done with more care,- and in a better man ner than heretofore. Our farmers have now more need of striving to improve in their system of tilling their lands, than in making efforts to clear more, for it is more profitable and easier to increase the quantity raised by improved tillage, than by an additional number of acres put into crops. Of course this will not apply to the new beginners, who have as -yet no fields to till. Their business is to clear away the forest as promptly as possible, that the sun may have an opportunity to warm the land and bring forth the corn when planted. But a large number have cleared land enough, and only need to plovaaith fully, sow liberally, fertilize judi tiously, and harvest carefully, to reap . a rich reward for their labors. Hav ing planted an acre or two of corn, it will be easy to secure a good crop; but this cannot be done if the grass and weeds are allowed to take the strength of the ground that should go to the corn, nor if the earth is allowed to bake. Run a cultivator between the rows .each way three or foul times, and you will have no trouble with grass or with baked soil.- This is'a much more economical way of -culti vating corn than With the hoe, and is quite as good, if not better. But we need to pay more attention to enriching the ground. There are various ways of doing. this, one of which we find noticed in an exchange, as follows. We hoe every man will try what virtue there is in the advice: Wood ashes is one of the most important fertilizers. It is easily ob tained in any quantity and at little expense: Take them carefully from your hearths, and save them until your corn and potatoes . have risen two inches from 'the ground; then take a basket on your arm and from it take a small handful of ashes, and cast it at the root of your plants, and hoe them soon SO as to cover the ashes. By this means you will increase your crop enc. : half. .. "Ashes contain all the inorganic substances of the wood or plants which are consumed. Part of - these are soluble and part insoluble; but the soluble substances mixed with water, will dissolve the insoluble. Thus, dissolved potash will dissolve silica and prepare it for glazing the stock of the cane ; corn, wheat, "Not a particle of ashes should go to waste. Leached ashes have parted with the most of their potash, but still retain their phosphoric acid, and most of their lime. • "Ashes neutralize acids in the soil ; they warm cold, mossy, wet places ; they are destructive to insects ; they assist to break down and dissolve the coarse fibers and stalks in the compost heaps, render hard, clayey soil open, loamy, and fertile." • [The Harrisburg Telegraph, in view of the high-handed measures of the Missourians in destroying printing I presses and other property, of anti slavery men, appeals. to the . freemen of the north to raise a fund of at least one thousand dollars, to be invested in a press and type, and presented to Geo. S. Park, whose office was lately destroyed by the slaveholders of Mis souri. We second this motion, but protest against the needless fling at the abolitionists, by the Telegraph, and would say to that paper that it has a bad habit of snarling at anti , slavery men 'while pretending to Op pose pro-slavery men. The Telegraph proposes that con tributions to the Park fund be' sent to Hon. Eli Slifer, Treasurer of this State, at Harrisburg. Having started this- -motion, we trust its originators will see that it is vigorously agitated until successful. •Are there not a few in this county, even in these hard times, who will feel it a duty to make good the loss of Geo: S Park I Remember the Slve Power is organized for the overthrow of Liberty in Kansas by force. They are raising money all over the South for this purpose. Are we so tame that we will witness this contest, and do nothing to assist the brave band of freemen who are fighting for' liberty in our western borders'? Wo hope not. Then work before it is too late. . - bpm COMMON SCHOOL SYSTEM.- - The new School Law is undoubted; ly a f r•eat improvement- on the .old, but there are several defects in the .1 eystem which oughti to be corrected. These defects are' so ably and fully set forth in the report of the County Superintendent . of .Bradford county, that we can not do better than make some extracts . from his report. Mr. Guyer thinks the School department ought to be separated from the de partncent of-State—with which opinion every l friend of EduCation in the State; we should think, Would concur. Ho suggests the following remedy for this defect : • No my idea is, that if the school law star SO am ended in this feature, as to require the County Superintendents to meet in conven tion, mid elect a head to the school system, thereby separating . it entirely from politics, and giying it a distinctive basis and exclusive organization, and thus holding out rewards to . its aspiring laborers, more would be done to wards building up a school system such as people expect, the wants of the community require, and the constitution pro Mises, than by any other plan that can be adopted; for- it is very certain that •it will take the undivided attentin and assiduous care fur years, of the best h ,ad and best friend the Common School' cause has in the State, to get it into the right shape mid position. Mr Guyer then objects to another feature of the system, which we have frequhntly. discussed : There is another great defect the new law lo correct, which will hinder its useful ness a. it did that of the old; and it is surpri sing it was retained; for it was a dead weight to the whole system before. I refer .to the fact that School Directors are not allowed compMisation for their services. The old law wouldl have been more nsful had it not been for thil+ defect, and almost every man who had experience under it, knew this, and MEllly saw it without the. experience ; yet new duties and increal , ed responsibilities are imposed on these officers, and still no pay allowed. To me this appears marvelous. • I know that the direct interest which men who have children to ed ucate,land the general interest which all have in an intelligent community, is urged as a smith , dent inducement for the ffiiihful performance of the duties of School Director. But is it so) Does not our experience under the old law, controvert this Most "effectually 1 Surely it does. Has not the great complaint been every where, that School Directors found in doing the duties pertaining to the office 1 Yet the new law does not remedy this evil. Now why does not the public spirit and pat riotism of the officers or government, end the law officers of counties. who administer the civil and criminal statutes ordained in respect of the rights of persons and property, Prompt them to a faithful discharge of ditties, free of charge ! The persons who till these positions, are interested in a proper administration of the laws; and.all are as much concerned in a yell regulated internal polity, as in intelligent society, and why not have this blessing with out pay No, we must pay, end pay well, too, for doing the.labor incident to this; and the important characters who fill these places, are not expected to have public spirit, but the poor School Director must be full of it. This looks like mdliirness—not a few look at it in this light—and I assure you, as a man of expe rience, the policy is. bad and productive of lit tle else than bitter fruit. The very- fact that every other officer Connected with and under the government, gets remuneration, reflects unfavorably en that of School Directors, be cause the inference is that they are worthy of and deserve pay, and these not ; so that not only no pay, but little credit can attack to fi delity in this position. And is it any wonder that, under such circumstances. the duties are not perffirmed ! Besides, if the history and experience of our kind establish one fact,-it is thii—that nothing but a quid pro quo will prompt a man to work; and he who expects a School Director to work without pay,loses sight of, or never knew of this history arnd ex perience. There are, of course, some noble exceptions to this general rule ; some Di,ect ors do work withourpsy, and work well, too, but these exceptions do more to prove than refute the rule. But I suppose the great rea son urged for not paying them, is the scarcity of funds. This should not, however, be an objection. Funds should be provided, and unless this can be done, it does appear to me our school system will be defective. The non-payment of School Directors,. works espelly hard in some of the newer rural districts. Here men are All poor, and their daily labor is necessary to secure "daily bread;" and to ask these to give all the time required to a proper building up and keeping in proper condition, the schools of their dis tricts, is about equal to asking them and their families to do without food while thus em ptoyed.' Will they do this! And is it right to ask it 1 The number of School Director!: might be reduced to three . with increased advanzage. It would lessen the expense, and 1 think, in crease the efficiency of the board. Ernie Northern pro-slavery press is devoting whole columns to the de nunciation of the MassachusettS Legis lature for its request to the Governor to remove Judge Loring,' but they cannot spare a line to denounce the • Missouri rioters. Governor Reeder says that Kansas. is a conquered country," and asks the Northern freemen to sustain him in .maintaining the rights of the settlers. Pro-slavery Democracy replies, " the judiciary is in "danger, and we - cann.t attend to so trifling a matter as the destruction of printing presses, and the armed invasion of Territories, until we have defended the Judges for send ing freemen back to slavery." And such papers expect the people will respect them, Well, despots and their defenders have always had their fol lowers, but we think the number is less and less every day, See what the St. Louis Intelligenccr says about our western affairs : 0! bow happy are they • Who the printer do pay, And have squared up the old year and more; • Tongue can never express The great joy of the press, When delinquents have paid the old score. THE STRUGGLE Ilf KANSAS. We rke spared the time "of Writing an editorial on this•subject, by adopt, ing the following from the last- i l g i. tator : What is . the Administration doing r Do• ing ? Nothing!—as usual. A band of cut throats are rvagtng Kansas and the Administra- - tion.lnoks idly, if not approvingly on. Had a Jackson at the helm order had been in . ansa. ere now, even hadit been of that kind that "reigned at Warsaw." The Administra tion has done nothing, it dares not. P oor miserable, cowardly, white-livered thing that it is! Lying asleep or in a faint, while 4 horde ofruffians defy its authority ! Wonhytrintnph of the selfrighteous democracy was that which lifted Franklin l'ierce from the secln4 ot c o r a law office to the l'residential chair. A wattl ( deed, since it was a triumph in its dotage—it s last and most contemptible. If it ever Wins another National victory it will be under better 'auspices, and therefore the result will be better. The . Cabinet is playing a deep game and the stakes are Freedom and Slavery. Jefferson Davis plays for the pliable 3lr. Pierce and he will win. The signs of the times denote disunion and the downfall not °Mammy, but of Slavers. i n . this republic. Thank God, the cn- of disunion has little to terrify the men Of the North at 116 time. The North is. ripe for it—it is tired or being chained to a corpse longer. Old wom en and timighfaces may object, but the true North . —the bone and sinew. will not quarrel wish Fate. If Slavery is the keystone „of the Fed eral arch, then that arch is a ba tter erected against Liberty to Man.. The sooner it fail., then, the better. The rnion may not exist without Slavery, but republicanism cannot ex ist with it. - The present struggle in Kansas may h o lightly considered by some, but others look upon it as comprehending, or rather, fore shadowing the last and greatest struggle be tween Freedom and Slavery in this country. If civil war ensues, let it be said at the door of the Smith ; for the - aggression came from that quarter; am if Northern men are hrearnest, they will buckle-on their armor now. Ifthe South can afford to expend blood andtreas ure to maintain its bed eminence, huiv mech. more can the .North sacrifice to stomtin the cause of freedom, andto win back N% ha Free dent has lost by compromiSe. Civil scar may be a frightful thing, but this false patriotism that sits with titlded arms while the liberties of a continent are in danger, is not less criminal than contemptible, nor more contemptible titan cowardly. If the General Government will not take the matter in hand there is but one resource. There aro true hearts and brave, strong-arins and willing hands here in the North, that can not be employed better than in securing to all actual settlers in that territory their rights and - privileges as freemen. And they will not nerd much prompting, no more than a few outrages upon the peaceble-inhabitams ofikat territory by (tired rutliansL-Liefe they go up to that battle, and to compter. If the democratic party be as it ;is • claimed, the parts - of freedom, why are it rs leading or gans, silent upon this last and greatest insult to freethen—the invasion of nsas by an armed mob, and the controlling of the elections with knives and pistols! 01 all oar democratic exchanges, but three have spoken against that' outrage, viz: The Deinarratir Union, Hones- - dale Herald and Mir neighbor op town. We ; are no more surprised that the Eagle . should disapprove of that outrage than we should be were, it to approve it a week hence. The Union has been rapidly improvin. 's . under its present editor. But that friend Benrdslee should find anything to disapprove in the acts ; of a pro-slavery mob, we are astonished to • leant. We feel encouraged and hopeful tar the democratic party when such evidences of its progress are presented to the world.— Here's hoping that more of them will come Os Cr. KEEP ACCOVNTS As the time is approaching when our farmers are preparing their ground, and getting in their crops for the season, we cannot refrainfrom asking their attention to one point, where o e believe mo , t of them heretofore, in farming intelligently. There is altogether too much guess work, with a great majority of the farmers in this Now, the suggestion we have to make is this: keep accounts. Let every foot of land you cultivate, stand charged upon your bank with the interest. on its full value; the amount you expend for fertilizers, and every day's labor. -Credit it with every thing taken Mr, and then in 'the fall, balance your books and_ blow, not guess, what has been the result. This inav seem a great task to sonic, but it is not. A few minutes extra la bor, each day, will keep it all where, at a glance, yon can see how each crop or field stands. lu no other.wav can you farm intelli gibly. Von may gofSs that corn is more profit able, on a certain piece, than oats; but kneel edge must come from experiments, and hence the necessity of accurate experimenp. The advantages which will arise from such a course, can hardly be estmiated. Sulliceit to say, that he who has tried it faithfully One year, will not fill to pursil it ever after. And then what a fund of information would this' co'nstitute for our limners. With a little - more hub or, that of recording the - inapt - ler of cultiva tion, these reports and accounts r eould but be a source olgreat improvement. o" the farming interest of our county. We will gladly publish a matter of this kind, and earnestlyhope that the limners of M'Kean will feel sufficient in terest in the advancement of theievocation, and their own interests, to be willing:and ready lii this way to interchange ideas, and emnpare dilThrent methods. At - the least, keep accoutre for yourself, know how much net - profit you ha% e from every acre, and I thus be enabled to . tell what crops, fertilizers and manner of culti vation are inost profitable.—.ll'Kcan Citi:en, .That is an excellent stiggestion, and we hope .at least fifty farmers in this county, will at once try the. experi ment of•keeping accounts. We think it will be the best way to naake-farra log profitable and agreeable, that can be adopted. The Philadelphia Sun conies to us arrayed in a spick and span new dress, in which it looks as coy and young as a country las: of fifteen. The Sun is the spicie;t daily -that conies into our sanctum. The Sun—may it never set.—Wellsboro' Agitator. AVe are glad there is one daily in Philadelphia that gives satisfaCtion to so good a judge bf such matters as our Wellshorough, friend; There was a Philadelphia daily that was spicy.and intelligent, brav'e and independent ; but the cotton lords of the Quaker city had no taste for the Register, and since its death we have looked to New York and Boston for live dailies. But if thi3 Sun deserves the above compli- Mem, we should be happy to enjoy the light of its rays.