VOL. VII.
TEIE PEOPLE'S JOURNAL.
I:VERY TIIIRSDAY MORNING,
-BY ADDISON AVERY.
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AIITIIMMLL FOLIAGE.
Ye are coming. brilliant autumn hues,
Ye are coining bright and goy:
Ye are coming waft .he fro.ty night,
And with the fleeting day.
Ye are coming by the hillside,
And in the quiet glen:
And in the farm.t fur and %vide,
And round the homes of men
With canons tints the foliage fair,
01 anther, brwan, and gold;
And fairy red, and orple dark,
And orange we behold.
Most beauteous is the robe ye wear
Beauteous, but alt. how brief;
Its golden letters plainlysay,
" falls the fading leaf.-
And snrniner's flowery dad• has lied,
Sweet summer, fitll of song:
Its fragrant air and verdant lawns,
o w to the past belong.
Theleaf rejoice: in itr death, •
And wears a glrutent gay ;
Why then should man shrink at the tooth'
heles wise than they !
They, through the ligh'some summer day.,
Have %veil performed their part;
Havt• Ate'tenni wan and beast
Ankg!-‘dderzed every heart.
Now that their hour of delth has come
The: ,hine M rainbow light ;
Amid the tall dark everzreenq,
They clean], a splendid sight.
So when the pure and virtuon3 soul
Iq Am:taloned e.irth to fly,
Serene and radiant is the light
Which fill: that heavenward eve
For earthly duties well performed,
And earhly trials borne.
And ear.hly joys received,
At death W II V. should we mourn
Fair bhmtni the rode in mother earth,
1111; itirer far in Iteavt-a ;
Nea-ant the Non' , revking ray,
But to the good id g'tvett,
A rThy Ede which koh no need
yf , u-1, or moon, o,•,me;
Light he the hies.ed Lii111) of God;
heaoiv more than niir:
GALILEO
That the eminent astronomer, Gali
leo, was constrained by the Roman
Inquisition of hi•: day to recant and
abjure the doctrine, now abundantly
drmonstrated and universally received,
that the Sun is the center of our plan
etary system, and the Earth one
among the orbs perionlically revolving
around the center, has been Widely
credited, but not folly admitted. We
have repeatedly met assertions that
what the Inquisition condemned was
not the abstract doctrine of Coperni
cus and Galileo, Ina the presumituous
attempts of the latter to base it upon
and establish it by texts of Scripture.
In Walker's Hibernian Magazine we
tint] a translation or the sentence
actually passed on Galileo by the In
quisitors, together with his abjuration
therein exacted. The Magazine af
firms that the sentence had never be
fore appeared in English save iu a
provincial newspaper a few years be
• fore, and. that the authenticity and
accuracy of the 'following translation
may be relied on:
Sentence paNsrd upon Galileo by the
Coma of Inquisition.
Whereas, you, Galileo, son of the
:late Vincent Galileo, of Florence,
bein g seventy years of age, had a
charge brought against you in the
year 1615, in this hely office, that you
Field as true an erroneous opinion held
tty many, namely: That the sun is the
center of the wo-hi, and -immovable,
and that the earth moves even with a
diurnal motion; ale() that you had cer-
fain scholars into whom YOU instilled
-
The same doctrine; also, that you
maintained a correspondence on this
point with certain mathemalicin n s in
Germany; also, that you published
certain epistles, treating of the solar
spots, itr which you explained the
same doctrine . as true, because , you
answered to the objections wittch,
from time to time, were brought
against you, taken from the holy scrip
tures, by glossing over the raid scrip
ture according to your own sense; and
that afterward, when a copy of a
writing, in the form of an epistle,
written by you fi3le6rtain late scholar
of yOurs, was presented to you, (it
following the hypotheses of Coperni
cus,) you stood up for, and defended,
cert44n propositions in it, which are
THE PEOPLE'S JOURNAL.
against the true sense and authority of
the holy scripture.
This holy tribunal, desiring, there
fore, to provide against the inconve
niences and mischiefs which haVe
issued hence, and increased, to the
danger• of ilur holy faith;_ agreeable to
the mandate of Lord N—, and the
very eminent doctors, cardinals of this
supreme and universal inquisition, two
propositions respecting the immobility
of the sun and the motion of the earth,
were adopted and. pronounced, as
under
That the sun is in the center of the
world, and immovable in respect to
local motion, is an absurd proposition,
false in philosophy, formally heretical,
seeing it is expressly contrary to holy
scriptures. •
The earth is not the center of the
.world, nor immovable, but moves even
with a diurnal motion,is also an absurd
ptopo,ition, false in philosophy, and,
considered theologically, is at least an
error in faith. -
But, whet eas, we thought fit in the
imetim to proceed gently with you;
it was agreed upon in the holy congre
gatitm held belitre D. N., rk : u the 25th
of February, 161 G, that the most emi
nent lord. cardinal Bellarmine should
enjoin you entirely to recede from die
aforesaid . false. docicitte, and should
not teach it to others, nor defend it,
nor dispute concerning - it; to which
command if you would not submit,
you should be cast into prison; and,
in order to put into execution the
same decree, on the fidlowing day you
were gently admonished in the palace
before abovesaid most eminent lo'rd
cardinal Bellarmine, and afterward by
the same lord. cardinal, and by the
commissary of the holy office, a notary
and witness being present, entirely to
desist from the said erroneous opinion;
and that thereafter it should not be
pertained for you to defend it, or teach
it, in any manner, either by speaking
or writing; and :die, eas you pcom;.ved
obedience, you were at that time dis
missed.
And to the end that such a perni
cions'doctrine might be entirely ex
tirpated away, and spread no farther,
to the serious detriment, of the Catho
lic verity, a decree was issued by the
holy congregation Indicis, prohibiting
the pi hiltng; of books which treat of
such sort of doctrine, which was there
in pronounced false, and altogether
cont.! ary to holy divine scripture. But
the same book has since appeared at
Florence, published in the year last
past, the inscription of which shows
you were its author, as the title was,
"A Dialeertie'of Galileo Galilei." con
cerning the two systems of the world,
the Ptolemaic and the Copernican, as
the holy congregation, recognizing
from the impression of the aforesaid
book that the false opinion concerning
the motion of the earth—the immo
bility of the stm-pievailed daily
more and more; the aforesaid book
was diligently •examined, when we
openly discovered the teansgression of
the aforesaid opinion already con
demned and in your presence declared
to be erroneOus ; because, in the, said
book, by various circumlocutions, you
undecided, and at the least probable,
which must necesssrily be a gaievous
error, since an opinion can by no
mean.: be probable which bath already
been declared and adjudged contrary
to divine scripture.
. Having invoked the most holy name
of our Lord Jesus Christ. and of his
Most holy mother, the ever blessed
Virgin Mary. we, by this our definite
sentence, by the advice and judgment
of our most revel end masters of holy
theology. mid the doctors of b o th l a w s ,
our counsellors respecting the cause
controvened before us, between the .
magnificent Charles Sincerus, doctor
of both laws, Ficial procurator of this
holy office, on the one part, and you,
Galileo (.4ulitei, defendant, questioned,
examined, and having confessed, as
above, on the second part ive say,
judge, and declare, by the present
proces-ional - writing, you, the above
said Galileo, on account of,_ those
things which have been adduced in
written process, and which you have
confessed as above, that y...at have ren
dered yourself liable to the suspicion
of"beresy by this office, that is, you
believed and maintained a false doc
trine, and contrary to the holy and
divine scripture, namely, that the sun
is the center of Elie orb of the earth,
and that it does not move from the
east to the west, and that the earth
moves and is not the center- of the
world; and that this position - may be
held and defended as a probable opin
ion, alter it had been declared and.
defined to be contrary to holy scrip
ture; and consequently, that you have
incurred all the censures and penalties
of the holy canons, and other constitu
tions general and . particular, enacted'
and promulgated against. such 4elin
queuts,from which it is our pleasure
DEVOTED TO THE PRINCIPLES OF DEMOCRACY, AND THE DISSEMINATION, OF MORALITY LITERATURE, AND NEWS
COUbERSpORT, POTTER COUNTY, PA., NOVEMBER 2, 1854.
to absolve you, on condition that first;
with sincere heart and faith unfeigned,
you abjure, execrate, and detest the
above errors and heresies, and every
other error and heresy contrary to . the
Catholic Apostolic Church, in our
presence, in that formula which is
hereby exhibited to you: .
But that your g;ievons and per
nicious _error and transgression may
not remain -altogether unpunished, and
that you may hereafter be more cau
tions, serving as an example to others,
that they may abstain fiom like of
fenses, we-decree that the book of the
Dialogue of Galileo be prohibited by
public edict, and we condemn your
self to .the prism' of this holy office,
to a time to be limited by our discre
tion; and we enjoin, under the title of
salutary penance, that, during three
years to come, you recite, once a week,
the seven penitential psalms, reserving
to ourselves the power of moderating,
changing, or taking away entirely, or
in part, the aforesaid penalties •and
peniteneies.
And so we. sav,
.prononnce, and by
our sentence declare, enact. condemn,
and reserve, by this and every other
better mode of formula by which of
right we eau and ought.
So we, the underwritten Cardinals,
pronounce
r. CARDINAL DE ASCULOi
and others
NERGINLA RUINS
The Richmend.Enguire r praises very
much; in a leading article, a collection
of the ruins of Jamestown, made by .
a Virginian artist. The painter has
performed the pious. work of an Old
Mortality, and the cam is gratethl
therefor, and lyrical, at the same time,
in his sentimentalism over the past.
We have no doubt a good work has
been begun
. by the attist; but he
should not stop with Jamestown. The
.ruins of that place but typify the ruins
of Virginia at large, and all her ruins
are equally deserving artistic record.
For example : Norfolk is commercially
a ruin; and Mount Vernon domes
tically another ruin; and Richmond,
if ant a ruin. might as well be one as
be sustained by the trade in human
flesh. The fields of Virginia, too, are
ruined ; pride and filly. and Tobacco
raising. chewing, and spitting, have
contributed to wear them' out and
drive the" chivalry to new lands. The
people, too, are imellectually ruined.
There are eighty thousand white hu
man ruins who can neither read nor
write ; and there are slime hundreds
of thousands of illegitimate mulatto
ruins, without the position of manhood
or womanhood, liable to be sold by
their r - vhite parents or brothers and
sisters at any moment, to make up tor.
real estate ruins: Ruin nestles in the
Dismal Swamp and in the Allegba-
Ides . ; in the village, and on the old
estate. All is ruto.- 'Even the old
pride of a Washiogton, praying that
the Legislature might abolish Slavery,
is succeeded by the tuin of justice and
the defense of what the good and
great men of Virginia—the Lees. the
Jeffersons, the Hem ys—mourned.—
Ruin, moral and material, of ethics,
of fields, cities; and towns: Even
Virginia, "impersonation of the high
born aristocrat," as she is, cannot keep
Mr. Sully to continue his -menientoes
of her ruin: - The editor regrets "to
know that he speaks of leaving Vir
giuia, having received advantageous .
' offers in another part of the Union."
This, however, k not like Old Mor
tality, lie stuck to his ruins, and did
not rat it.
Alas ! that there should be ruins
in Virginia—her earliest settlements
leading the way to the oblivion await
ing her older ones,• acid that human
shambles should only postpone the day
of her desolatioh. - Unless she adopts
a new policy and seeks profit in some
more wholesome business than slave
breeding, she will, we fear, be given
totally over to bats and owls. lut we
do not fear that con9ummation for her;
she will yet seek safety in freedom,
popular , ,educatioo, and honest indus
try. The way to this result may be
long and difficult, but Virginia has
once come near it, and although
abounding in ruins she is not alto
gether dead. The world will once
witness her resuscitation.— Tribune.
"In travelling in New Hampshire
from Franconia to the Connecticut
river," said a gentleman, "I noted
the. birdsnests upon' the trees that
stood on the road-sides. and felt • de
lighted will► the evidence which they
gave of.the good qualities of the moth
ers and children who live there. I
noticed the nest of one hula within
three feet of the froarakor of a dWell.'
flow •confiding - was that clear•
little bird—well did it know that the
good mother of that household bad
trained up her children in the way
they - should go.
FANNY FHBN."
We should be glad to give the true
name of this authoress. - But she pre
fers still to maintain her incognito,
and a proper deference for the obli
gations of .courtesy.' (Which are- as
binding in literary as in social life)
forbids our doing what would other
wise be pan equal gratification- to our
readers and ourselves. With regard
to the personal history.of FANNY Fknx
we feel a. similar constraint. We
shall, therefore, only touch, and ,that I.
lightly, upon'such points as, under the
circumstances, may be referred 'to
without the slightest violation of pro
priety.
Not Many years since, Fanny Fern
was living—no matter where—in af
fluence. No home need be more
lovely, no family more happy, than
was hers. Ample 'wealth, devoted
love; cultivated intellect, refined taste,
and a fervid religious spi;i . t. combined
to make that home whatever could be
desired on earth, and excited the re
spect and admiration of all . admitted
to the happy circle. But suddenly a
bolt fell. Death came.. The husband
and father was smitten down. The
widowed mother and the half-orphan
children were lea to fight the battle
of life alone. Adversity succeeded
adversity. Poverty fidlowed in the
dismal train, and illness and want had
the afflicted family at their. mercy.
The mother struggled on as best she
could ; 1)14 we all know how ,
is
fin- ladVto find employment which
will enable her to obtain a livelihood
even for herself, much less for trfam
ily of children. The female teacher,
, generally receives only a meager "sal
ary; the copyist pursues an uncertain
calling; the seamstress can at, best ,
eat n but a miserable *pittance. And
so, at last, after bitter years, the-wid
owed mother, from sheer despertithin,
took to her, pen, and.another and a
bright star NVas added to our literary
galaxy.
Fanny Fern's first article was
ten and publi-hed in 1 . 851. It
was immediately copied lite and wide.
Each succeeding piece met with sim
ilar favor; OntiCmost of the newspa
pers of this county, and many Bkitish
periodicals, were regulio ty enriched
with her But while she was
thus ihroishing amusement and in
struction to the public, she \Va'; not
receiving an adequate reward. When
ever a woman is obliged togo
tub
the_ world and earn her V , I
(AliV:tig,
she bas to undergo vials and daeui
ties of which a mani can, perhaps,
to. mno just idea. A delicate, 'sensi
tive lady can not, for instance, call at
newspaper offices to solicit employ
ment, or race an a• ticle fur sale, with
out being exposed: to annoyances
which to her are very paiatal, but
which a man might not observe. A
refined lady can ill brook the inquiring
gaze and itnpetzi..eut stave of hangers
on; nor can she' ba.gain for a proper
remuneration, nor call again, and
again and again, if need be, in foul as .
well as tier weather. And then it is
often assumed that a woman shinild be
paid less for her labor than a man for
his. thought hers he equally valuable;
and is is only after she has acquired
a commanding reputation that She .can
ordina • ily obtain jast equivalent tot'
her productions. And tilos, for many
months, the compensation whiCh Fan
ny Fern received for her writings was
'not at all commensurate. with: their
value. For articles which were wmth
filly dollars, and which Would have
commanded that sum had she known
better how to sell them, she often
received but a tenth. of that amount;
and during this time her income was
far from being sufficient to Maintain
herself and-her children conifo‘tablv.
. .
Tut with unyielding persevetance,
and her trust 'in God .unshaken, she
.worked on until she triumphed over
all obstacles, earned a name of which
-she may well be proud,, secured no
ample fintune, and won the increased
respect and love of those who
,knew
her best. It is, perhaps, needless to
remark that - she now• commands the
highest price paid to writers in this
country.
examining Fanny Faru's wri
tings,• even the earliest of them, one
is r,truck• with the evidence they ex
hibit that the writer understands her
own powers perfectly; or rather, that
she knows positively that she cats„ do
certain things better than they have
ever, been done before: Though this
is unquestionably the case, she deaht
less often achieves more brillieht tri
umphs than she anticipated vitt other
words; she is probably often surprised
at the excellence of her own articles.
She never makes a mistake; becatise
she never attempts what she cannot
successfully • achieve. This .fact haT,.
been manifested' throUghnut her lif6-.
..ary career. At , first her. articles
*From THE FEMALE PROSE WRITEDS OS
AMERICA. By Prof. Hart. Philadelphia: E.
H. Butler & Co: - • -
were mere paragraphs, and contained
generally only one clearly pronounced
and admirably developed idea. No
words we‘e wasted. The idea, or
fact, or principle sought to be pre
sented was distinctly stated and clear
ly" Worked up in every attractive and
telling phrase possible (as Beethoven
worked up the theme uf a symphony);
and then the . article was brought t•
an immediate but artistic conclusion.
With practice her 'confidence seemed
to increase, and she struck out into
'bolder paths. Having tried and proved
the strength her pinions, she took
loftier flights and continued longer on
the wing. Relieved of pecuniary em
harassments, and surrounded once
more with the comforts of life, she
wrote with greater freedom, and cer
tainly gave to her .'articles a polish
which some of her earlier peices did
not possess. Her latest productions
ate models of style and and compo
sition.
dRECDOTES OF TEE HORSE
We . 'find the following anecdotes of
the Horse in Merry's Mtr:eum, edited
bylklr: Goodrich. • They seem strange,
but are published as true, and we sup
pose they are true :
A gentleman, riding home through
a wood on a dark night, struck his
head against a branch of a tree, and
fell stunned to the ground. The horse,
finding his master unable to..mOve r
_immediately returned to the house
they had lett. It was all closed up,
and the family had gotid to bed. The
horse went directly up to the door,
and knocked upon it with his fire
foot, till some one rose and came out.
•He.then turned suddenly about and
walked away. Wondering what he
could mean, the man followed, and the
faithful, intelligent animal led him to
the place where his-master had fallen,
and where lie still laid insensible.
A little girl, playing on the bank of
a canal, fell into the water. There
was no person near to help her, and
she :was in the greatest danger of
(I,•ownii, g , A little pony that had
long been kept id the family, and was
a great with the child, was
feeding i=i the field, near the place
where she had fell in. Hen ing her
scream, be ran to the bank, pludged
in, took her ca-elnlly by her clothes
in his mouth; carried her out, and laid
her on the grass, where she soon re
covered.
Ati old horse belonging to a carter
had been, particularly familiar with
children, fin' his master' had a large
family. One day be was dragging a
loaded calt through a narrow lane ;
he stopped by a young child lying, in
the road, who would have been crashed
under the ivheels - if the horse bad
gone on. The good-nail' ed, sagacious
old creature took him carefully
,up by
his clothes, cart led him a• few yards to
the side of the way, and placed him
on a bank. He then moved slowly
on, looking back as he went. as if to
satisfy himself the little fellow was
not Lut.
PRAYING MACHINES
A recent-traveller among the Him
alaya,: gives the following account of
the sac , ed implements used by the
Thibetan - Monks and Lamas:
"The sacred implements in these
temples are curious enough: Fitst in
impo.lance is the. mani, or praying
machine. It is a cylinder of leather,
of any size'up to . that of a large barrel
or even hogshead, placed vertically
upon an axis; so that it may revolve
with facility. It Is often painted in
'brilliant colors, and is inscribed with
the universal Om Manzi Pa/mi Om.
Written prayers are deposited within.
this cylinder, which is made to revolve
by pulling a sting attached to a
crank.A n iron arm projecting from
the side of the.cylinder, strikes a small
bell at each, revolution, and any one
who pulls the string properly is sup
posed to have ilbpeated all the prayers
contained in the cylinder at every
stroke of the bell. Some of these ma
chines are put in motion by water
power, and thus turn out an amount
of supplication too great to be easily
estimated. There is another kind
borne in the hand which can be made
to revolve by a very slight movement
Of the owner. These are usually car
tied about by the wandering preists,
half Mountebank, half Lama, and whole
beggar, who perambulate the country,
managing to pickup a very comfort
able subsistence, though they not un
frequently present a very dilapidated
appearance in the matter of clothing.
If these cylinderS do their Work in a
satisfactory manner—and those. who
use them, have no doubts on that score
--no labor-saVing machine ever in
:vpnted can he . gt, n compare-with
them. What is a sewing machine,
that makes a thousand stitches a min
utea printing Machine that throws•
off twenty thousand sheets in an hoth-,=.
compared with an instrument •Which .
repeats all the. supplications .
prayer-book, as often as a cylinder
can he made to revolve on its axis?"
The Monks of Himalaya are by
means entitled to claiiii all the origin?.
ality of inventing praying machines.
We have ,had them long, and iii great.
abundance, and often decorated in as
" brilliant colori," ..as those of • the-
Thibetan Monks. Their prayers are
not rolled. out, it is true, like those.
thrown into a Cylinder, and turned by.
a crank. But they are thrown off
with the least apparent difficulty, and
can be multiplied as abundantly as
occasion may demand. I have often
seen one of these machines operating
in the religious sphere—a most beau-.
tifully turned prayer, with roundest,
mos - t musical periods, I hive heard
come from one of those mactines,_that, '
the
.Lord would give us righteous
rulers; that " Ho might be made our
rearward," and that our nation be .
exalted in righteousness; producing,
also, in the richest, most musical
tones, our Lord's Prayer, that His
will be done, on earth, even as in
heaven—rolling off,. - -also, that most/
tender mid heart-touching supplica
tion to the kind Father of all, in - be
half of the oppressed,. the wronged,
the orphan and widow, the homeless
and bread less, the child of -- the drunk
ard, and the forgotten of earth. Bat
then, this machine operates badly, in
the'spliere of the actual, the real, and
crushes, like the wheel of . a corn-,
shelter, the beautiful prayer that, a
i moment before, passed from its -lips.
It takes with its taper fingers, a small
piece .of paper, folding a printed
'name, throws it into a box, and lo!
in time, there issues thence, a power
that crushes that prayer, and grinds it
to poWder. An armed being, as the
bead of Minerva, springs forth, and
ia his grasp the kingdom of. darkness
`spreads. The poor are despised, op
! pression grows stronger, rum spreads
1 its pall of death.
There was run through this pray
ing machine
.a.- - Rum and -Pro-Slavery
vote!—Reformer. - .
FREE Tit!. DE
"Hitherto, my political creed has
been composed of but two articles,
ami-slavery and temperance, but- I do
not7know but I shall adopt a third,
viz: airect taxation and free trad.
America can live with free trade,
Europe cannot lire without it."
The above opinion expressed by
the Rev. M. Wallace, of this city, 16
his laz,t letter written from Ireland to
the American is worthy of attention
inasmuch as it is the conclusion to
which a man of candid and discerning •
mind has arrived after examining the
results of commerce and trade in both
hemispheres.. We ha4e always been
a believer in free trade, and the char
acter of the present administration
has led us to feel that it was especially
desirable to abolish the present system
of collecting, revenues from the cus
toms. Let a system of direct taxation,
be adopted, and the great body of the
people will watch the treasury with a
jealous eye. lithe 820,000,000, taken
from the pockets of the people by the
(.;adden treaty, had been levied by a
direct tax, instead of by duties upon
imported articles; the denunciations
which would have come up to Wash
ington from every section of -the
Union, would not only have filled the
executive ‘vith, dismay but de:eated
every member of Congress who voted
htr that infamous fraud. As it now is,
the sum comes•notso - tnuch from the
pockets of the capitalists as from the
laboring classes—the- consumers of
sugar, coffee; clothing, leather, silk
and linen goods. The only sure road
to economy' in our national expendi
tures is DIRCCT TAXATlON.—Manclas
ter (X. H.) Democrat.
Henry Ward Beecher in an excel-.
lent article in the Independent . con
" Building a House," says: " But a
genuine holvie, au original house, a
house that expresses the builder's in- .
ward idea of life in its social and do
mestic aspect, cannot be plawied fur
him; nor can „he, all at once, sit
down and plan it. It must 'be the
result of his own growth. It must
first be wanted—each room and each
little nook:. But, as we come to our-,
selves little by little, and gradually,
so f a house should either be built-by
successive additions, or it should be
built When we are old enough to put
together the accumulated ideas of our
"Do you drink hale 'in America!"
asked a cockney.. "No, we- drink s
140,c1rr.anc?AgAtlin . g,7 said the Yp.n
kee.
The .lady whose, sleep was brokeri
has had. it mended.-
!II
NO. 24i