VOL. VII THE PEOPLE'S , JOURNAL. PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY 3IORSING, BY BASEELL & AVERY. Terms—lnvariably In Advance: One copy per annum, $l.OO Village subscribers, 125 • TERMS OF ADVERTISING. 1 square, of 11. lines or less, 1 in.ertion, $0.50 .. 3 insertion 4, 1.50 " every sulFequent insertion, r, Rule and figure work, per sq., 3 insertions, :100 Every subsequent insertion, .50 1 column, one year. 23.00 I column, six months, (. 13.00 4 column, , ix months, -- :s.OO 4 column, three months, 5.00 _Administrators' or Executors' Notices, '2.00 :Sheriff's Sale:, per tract, 1.50 Prole—innate:m(4 not exceeding right line,: iu-erted for 5.,'5.00 per annual. 13:'.\11 letter; on lingineA:., to seenre at •lton'tl be adtlre , sed (post raid) to The flaming lines, Ititielt appearoti oriri oa'lt in the IVe.it the:ter Register, two t ears e. heiieve will nut , be utte‘tteptaWe to oat tderi at the present time. The %%Titer is a I:trwer . , itt.Chester County.] TEE HAY HARVEST =I l'hc tneadwo I:11 before the door, ‘Vdt% do% er i,:o , :onts red, Ind quietly o'er wa% ing grass The e% ening shadows spread. fbe caule gr.ized on, hills beyond, Tinged by the scatty , ;nu, And at the ,;41iiitig ine:rdotv's edge S:ing on the ripp!ing n u t. The firmer on 11:s %kn.-wreathed porch -Inlia!eil th.. fragrant nix— - 11, ...tool atniti •nn+ 1u i innrizetl his acre• ftir. Non•, hn:.s. - he ti ! !. '• to-amrrms•, , morn tS - r begm the hay. >nn•e go!dr•ti . ' r is be all tr% . \Vhen the nt tin:hed the ea Wi n !, ..: a n g the earne.• rd: Ile!oq'the hon•e, be4ide.:he bar., 'rhe wh.:•:s:one's c:ink was heard. Sweep went the scythe:. and heavy swaths Were cut by mowers strong: Wi . h stroke for stroke and step fur step 'l'h, mow ed and m I rehed Mom!. How rallan•lv the:. eroi:ed the field .Aral ..cep: their pathway Ivide— The firmer and eldest .on; .And neif:lthor.4 two. be:ide. er . ,:de W. Oil uti.:eit %%ing4, wont inz up On high:— Thi..lnr,! , ; dew! it ;2004 and cones yen the earli and,slty! \:..1 ,slit it renr!y ,heen was g,one y , !Lttler waxc.! !he The farmer nud hi'. r otinge-t lirgw t.. ,pread th.. The 16. tit it briLth foretinnti tho wen : .1 . 11,•;r bre,tkia-t Itottr N‘as Si‘ o'c!ocit '111..; took a Ititt.-11 at tett, Al eve; "rt.AV brig •ec Or: child .kt;•1 in trk gruzle Zray , . Theh•ue.f lie t‘e , i wa, in her eye., I ( ' holiry .n her late. .1%,1 took itor Ill•fore sit- •.1 time to re=t. To sho.v itt.r. in •Ite tal1,111:ck cras+ rat...a1...X.1 . 0 Ind patrilige til.gt. At to e the dinner•horrn IZ.Lnz c'ear mil Car aro:ma— :4.re the liar') or lute I•ite itiowern deemed the .pond. 1t ith !inen by ta , :eral han..l4 Wa+ , pr`l , lol%! tab . ..• then: w0!11:111 1 • II t , pecial eire Pr ble • for liar% e:t wen. If Itv re).!inliy upon the n. 'Nefli dark and etubov% ertng tree• 1.11::ed 1)% the nutrinar of the leave-, .Ind 11 . 1)11.1 or hswev-hees— Tho rni - m en: lounged, and laughed and talked: t)r read the news till Iwo: tho Through waving boughs Whore sunligh: glimmered :hroligh. then merriry Tht , y ..)tizht Ilie tie Id .\ zoodl,,righ: it was to ace That bvtd ot - ,:alwart mom l'iton the green bert , lT ;h.• Where wapie sh•utoe - s \Va.. supper !Tread. while ail the air 11as o , toreu. , vith the ha;•. Sk‘m•: :rale, from and mly 1,1,••3 The sailor, fir at se 1., of all fragrant mii frarth, Th e new umwm Inv fir me. Long was that day. and oft they quaired, The beverage undefiled, f?e•h from the cool and mossy spring— The 31e.olu‘%'s sparkling child! • And ere %was night the vounCst one Sro proud at loom and Pt(mt, litatieed sidelong at tile tardy sun: Could bebe rig ing out ' Bright through the gate, of morning carne The .tin, day after day, And fanners heed that maxim sage— " Whi , e shines the suu, make hay. nd every day the driest gran, We. , raked and hauled away. For woe-beside' if rain come down Upon the rew-made hay! 'Twas now the fourth day's sultry noon-- - The tied was almost done. When lo a cloud was in the west. And rising toward the sun. Run for the °len quiekty, boys, re.-it at noon to-day," The firmer &aid, ••it looks like rain And we may loee the hay." The wagon Boon drove briskly out, The men glanced at the sky, And two rehed up" for one ;old— They pied the ‘v,gon THE PEOPLE'S JOURNAL. The,load went rustling through the bars— The top was jostled o'er; " More.haste less speed," in merry tones, Came from the farm-house door. The scrambling loader fell not quite— Up went the hay once more, - And soon the wagon rumbling drove, Upon the old barn floor. The tunics daughter to the barn' • Bore water for the men; Each wiped hi. 9 face and took a draught, And went to work again. • Load after load away was stowed, And black clouds hid the sun; " But one load more, and then, ms boys," The flamer said. "we've done." The hence thunder crashed and rolled, The lighming flashed around, Buts;ill tho men plied fork and rake, • Nor heeded sight nor sound. 11 - 11i'e staggering 'neath the last fall forks, The pouring rain benon Awl well it dretn:hed trio:e harl'esters, While to the tarn ilte: ran! iny it wag to them to see The last load clatter in; Ihrrali! lvirrah! the hat. - is diie,'; \\';z' heard among the-din. Phew silently while raged the storm. They sat upon the hay, fill rumblimr" onward toward the east The thunder died away. And rmEantly, on pas:ing clouds, The golden bow was seen l'o bend it:ell, and smile atim e The'tomplow's brightening green llow happy looked those hari - esters, In vesture: clean and dry, • That balmy eve whose joyoui hours So sivifilv flitted byl They •,at be:ide the open door, .And natehed, as all hive done That olden beauty ever new, l'he setting of the Th., birds sang sweeter than their wont And sweeter was the air, - And sweetly, too. those harveiters Illesport , ivele sang there, And ,ilenzle, the firmer's heart - Arose in praise and prayer. Wt. ,T GROVE'. P!`s2 SETTING A PRISONER FREE An escape from bondage in these thrill: upon the public heart and gives the pulse a quicker flow, partic ularly when the world learns that no roan had any just right to deprive that prisoner of his liberty. We witnessed an escape—no it was not an escape, it was a noble act of setting- free—one held under restraint :;atnrday upon one of our City ferry boats, that gave the heart of nThre than one who witnessed it a warmer glow td . gratitude to God that the lihyn - itor had a heart "to feel' for other: woe=;" a hetirt in the right place whore intended man's heart should be, and nut in his right hand breeches pocket. A !nun on the boat had a cage full of littb• birds. (such as go warbling alhmt the fields in spring, enjoying life and liboriv. but, unlike the Cana ry, die in captivity.) which he was trying- to sell for a ;billing a piece. It is a- cruel way to make money: but why not seize upon birds and put theth behind iron erttt's and sell them, since man does the same• thing to his fellow man. and then calls him his slave—hr. property. his chattel—which nobody else must steal, 'because he stole him himself and the law don't allow but one theft upon one chattel. And if the stolen man runs away, his •• master" -pursues hiM through the swamps with bloodhounds, or through the tuwtt_ with the •• bull dogs of war," threatening death to any one who shall dare to set the captive free. Not so with the birds ; if they do escape the ca!re and eo back to the fields, tiny arc not followed by dugs and *nos, but suffered to go as best they may back to their own happy homes among the green boughs and flowers and hills and rocks and woods. ••Going tl.r a shilling!" said the man with the ca_... Yes!" said a little blue-eyed boy at our side, one shall go for a Ail ling." And he searched his pockets 1. - ,r the coin. an only one, and walked up to the•man and said; ••Sir, I will .take one of your little bird. Give me one that can fl v well." -Ves, here is a tine one, full fledged ; you See his wings are perfect, and he is a strong, healthy bird; he will suit you exactly." . . Yes, that will do." The bird fancier twisted a bit of paper up so his purchaser could carry him safely "without injuring a feather." The boy marched away with his I prize and sat down to contemplate his purchase as .he undid one corner of the paper and peeped in upon his little slave. ••-Ah.•' "e said mentally. "what a lonely life of imprisonment I;1111 are de.,tined to. Why did vou not buy two, my boy ?" . , - "I had no more money, or I' would have bought the whole." What a young Turk.!"we thought. H ow we wronged this noble boy. As the boat neared the shore, he zot up and went out upon the guard, opened his paper, towed the bird in _._ • - DEVOTED TO THE PRINCIPLES OF DEMOCRACY, AND. THE DISSEMINATION OF MORALITY LITERATURE, AND NEWS COUDERSPORT, POTTER COUNTY, PA., JULY 14; 1834. the air and simply said: "Go free poor bird; I can't keep you." What a happy bird—what a happier boy. How his eyes glistened. How a dozen men who witnessed the act did think what a noble boy. What a lesson that boy taught us. Reader, it may teach you something. Think upon it. This story has a moral— we need not tell you . that. IT you. think, you will find Y. Tribune. From the Ladies' Wreath THE GOLDEN ISLAND or JAPAN. DT DAVID M. STONE JAPAN has been almost lost- to the . world for one hundred and fifty years,' having, for this space of time; been nearly as inaccessible to the inhabit ants of other lands, as if it had existed upon another planet. From the first visit of * Europeans, about the middle of the sixteenth century, down to the year 1637, a large and rapidly in creasing trade was carried on with the Japanese. - In the last mentioned year, the famous edict against Christians was issued, and since then the empire has been almost completely isolated, its foreign intercourse being confined to the Dutch and Chinese, and they only being allowed to make a definite num ber of visits, and to land at a particular point, from whence they can learn but little,. of the interior of the empire. Japan is not, however, an uncivilized nation, and although there is mixed up 'with what is given to us as its his tory, much that is fabulous, enough is known to stimulate an ardent desire .6)r a more intimate acquaintance. A recent writer upon this' subject has spoken of "a group of small islands in the Pacific" as the - seat of this empire. as if the whole territory might he comprehended within a good-sized . harbor. The Island of Niphon, how ever, the largest of '" the group," is nineliondred mileslono., and one hen miles in average width, and the whole population of the empire is variously estimated at front twenty-five to fifty rbnrt !Mil l -- five millions. The Japanese are by no means a barbarous people; they have schools and college's, And have made no insignificant progress in sci ence and the arts. Their government is a complete despotism, but the 'pep ply are the most orderly to be found in the world. Every man is a °spy upon his neighbor, and responsible for his good conduct; and thus, although. the land is crowded with inhabitants, no disturbance of the public peace ever occurs; and as the penalties an nexed to the laws are certainly .exe cuted without fear or favor, there are few infringements of the -code. The buildings in town and country hear a strong resemblance to the Chinese, having the same tent-like form, and concave roof; and the towers are ,or-, !lamented with bells, Which serve alike for decoration, and to guard against the intrusion of evil spirits. Many of the residences of the nobility are very= extensive as well as beautiful, and the Emperor's palace at' Jeddo is five leagues in circumference. The build ings and tower, 'seen in the engraving, are among the finest specimens of Japanese architecture, and are roofed. and coiled With plates of pure gold. The island receives the name we have given it, from the profusion of its auriferous deposits. The Japanese barks, of which our artist has given several drawings, resemble the Chi nese Junk, except that they have but one mast and a single sail. They are low , ° . and narrow, and have the same flat bottom and high stern. The inhabitants of the empire 'are better known than the interior of their country. The men are not as large as the average of Europeans, but are muscular, vigorous, and courageous. .The women -are said to be very beau tiful, but their customs lead to sad disfigurements, according to our stand ard of taste. Thus a lady who is en gaged to be married, blackens her teeth in token of her acceptance of the ambitious wooer; and after mar riage, plucks out the hair from her eyebrows, giving a peculiar and un pleasant expression to the face. The _however, are not kept in such extreme subjection as in most other eastern nations, but are allowed their liberty without undue restraint; and when foreigners were tolerated, were quite lively and sociable with strangers. If the plans which have been ar ranged for opening the ports of this empire shall be successful, there are' some customs which might be trans planted to this meridian greatly to our comfort. The roads of Japan are the finest in the world; and, always kept clean, being sprinkled and swept with brooins. The denizens of our dirty city, who are always either stifled With dust, or wallowing in mire, might well envy the Japanese the luxury of wholesome streets! _ The fashions change in Japan as elsewhere, but never to the same de- gree, and this is _perhaps why - the ncher belles are enabled...to indulge in, so extensive a. wardrobe. It would take the entire fortune of a New-York millionaire, principal as ,well as 'inter est, to furnish a family of daughtets with an array of dresses suck as can be found in the possession of many of the fair ladies of Jeddo, and other large cities.- At the • theaterS, the la dies of the upper classes retire to change their dress with every change of scene, and the entire suit of an American belle, even when fitted out for a fashionable season at Newport,' would not suffice to furnish a Japanese toilet through a single play! A new light is soon to break in upon Japan. England has attempted to cultivate an acquaintance with this singular people, but has failed. Since the expulsion of the Christians, brought about by the constant quarrels between the Portuguese and the Dutch, and the mutual jealousies of European traders, all attempts to renew. the in tercourse have failed. Russia, proud and obstinate as she is thought to be, submitted to he first insulted, in the person of •her ambassador, and then turned ignominiously away, like an unwelcome beggar. Other suppliants tbr the courtesies of friendly inter course, have fared no better. It is now our turn, and the nations of the old world are already envious at our prospects of success. We are quite near each other since California has been added to . our constellation, and the Yankee very insinuating,- and has too hi. , 11 an opinion of the value of his own trade and society to allow the Japanese to say "no" when he pays his neighbor a . visit. We shall doubtless soon •be on friendly •term; with these -oriental exclusives, • and . Jeddo artists may ye vie with Peru z•Vian milliners in giving- laws to Amer ican fashions. "ALL MEN ARE CREATED VIDAL" [Dec. oflndependence.] John Petit, who is one of the_ recog:- nized leaders of the Bogus Democra cy, which now rules this country, says this is a " self-evident lie." Thomas Jefferson said :it was a " self-evident truth." This is where John and ToM differ. John says that Toni was not talking about individuals, hut about communities : -and only meant that one community of .mern numerous enough to form an independent state, was equal to another community of the same sort. It somewhat militates against John's view of Tom's meaning, that the latter went on to say in the same . breath, that all men are "endowed by their Creator, with certain inalienable rights, among whcli are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness." This can hardly apply to communities, or states. But obn further criticises Tom. He puts the question to his brother Senators, with startling force: " are all men created equally tall, equally broad, equally long, equally short'?" No, - verily, John. - They are not. Probably they were not in Mr. Jefferson's time ; but we do not read thitt in -the Congress of 177 G there was any fool to make such a criticism upon his languao. Palpably John is correct. There is an endless diversity of zifts. Who has ears so long as Petit's. Who has brains so shallow ? Who has tongue so vulgrr ? No man. Petit is unequalled in these things, though in other qualities he is far infe rior. But, John, all men are created equal in their right to " life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness." This is What Jefferson meant, and what he sup posed no man could be fool enough not to know that he- meant.- He but imperfectly Jived Up to his sublime doctrine, but he knew it was true, and so he announced it. •In his writings . arc other evidence that - he knew the negro had inalienable rights, of which he was wronpfully and forcibly dispose sensed by slavery. He could hardly have forseen that the Democratic par ty which he founded, would at this time be engaged in opening new re gions for slavery. But so it is. *JohnTetit exercises his inalienable right.of making au ass of - himself by his criticism upon JefferSon J but his exegesis of this-chapter of our political Bible Nvill not be generally acceptable to the people. The time is approadh ing when the great truth—" ALE. MEN arc created equal," first announced to the world on this day, seventy eight years agti, and defended and enforced through a bloody Rewolutienary strug gle, Will becothe a practiial, living re ality to this whole people.. Let us then celebrate this day ; not without humiliation for the past. but with joy for the blessings that are given to us, and - a firm resolve to do our part in making each succeeding Fourth of July approximate nearer and nearer to that perfect political condition which the men of 1776 saw in the diStance, and which they left to their posterity to ac comPlish.—Philet Daily Register. THE WAR. The Vienna papers announced on the 17th ult., that Prince Paskiewitsch had received orders from St. Peters burg to retire beyond .. the Print', and thus surrender to the Sultan that material guarantee'.' so arrogantly claimed, so insultingly-seized, so feebly, s'n unskilfully, and pusillanimously de fended,. • Whether it be that the Russian Gen orals found their positions untenable from the vicinity of the Austran army +whether the presence of the allies at Varna haS suddenly impressed them with the hopelessass of their position. With a broad river in their rear, pesti lence in . their•ranks, and au overpow ering enemy in front; or whether the series of bloody repulses encountered. before the walls of Silistria, or whether a combination of all these circutii stances have producd this result, can not exactly be 'known ; but the Times affirms that in a short time there will not be one Russian soldier on' the Western side of the river Pruth. The Paris Moniteur announces that on the 13th of June the Turks made a tremendous sortie from Silistria, and attacked the Russians with great fury. General Schilders was dangerously wounded, and had to be removed to Kalarasch. It was thought that a body Of troops had been dispatched from Shumla. It appears that on the 13th the Russians sprung three mines be fore Silistria, without doing any dainge to the walls. The Russians- storming columns were prepared to mount the expected breach, hut were attacked on three sides by the Turks. A fear ful slaughter took _place, arid the Rus sians tied in terrible disorder. The Russians were employed on the 11th and . 15th in _removing their dead.— Three Russian Generals were wounded and all the Russian siege worksfwere totally destroyed. The same day the garrison of 'Rustchuk went o'er to the island of Mokan and destroyed all the Russian works there. Teleeraphic dispatches from Vienna state that a Convention .has been con cluded at Constantinople between Aus tria and the Porte relative to the Dan ubian principalities. Its principal Condtions are tha,t if Russia volunta rily retires the Austrian troops will enter the principalities and thrrn fence between Russia and Turkey. If Russia refuses to retire, Austria gill take such measures as may appear necessary to ensure her doing, so. A dispatch from Trebisonde states that the Russians have been surprised and beaten by the Circassians in. thy• Dariel Pass. "Eighty thousand Aus trian troops *ere y on their march front Bohemia towards the Eastern frontier. All the Austrian Garrisons were be ing reinforced, and all the disposable troops were to be concentrated in Vi- CIIII2. .the Paris Noniteur publishes an official notification of the blockades of the mouth. of the Danube, and of tht. , Russian ports and harbors in the Bal tic. The death of Mussa Pacha, at Sil istria, is confirmed. He was killed by a granade after an assault, which was gallantly repulsed. He refused 2,000,000 roubles offered to him by "Prince Paskiewitsch. Immediately on his death being known, Omer Pacha detached Saram Pacha with 30,000 men to manwuvre as if desirous to give battle, and under cover of this movement succeeded in throwing 2,000 Turks into Silistria. From Greece we learn that after the • Turks had been worsted at Kalam berca, they received reinforcements /and totally defeated Hanji Patros. Kara Tassos, after obtaining two slight advantages, had also been defeated. The allied Ambassadors were negoti ating an honorable submission for the insurgents, and there were hopes of an arrangement. The attack upon Amapa, on the Cir cassian coast was to be made by ships of the line, as the guns of the steamers were not heavy enough to reach the Russian works.' Lord Redcliff had quite recovered. His call from Con stantinople at the instance of the French Goverinnent was expected, as diplomatic action is to be left &trim! the war, in the hands of the command er-in-Chief. CircasSia is all in arm.•, and would cooperate it was said in, the attack on Crimea. • The camp of Schamvl is fortified by European officers, and was assuming the offensive. A private telegraphic dispatch re ceived by a Greek firm in London states that a military insurrection, sym• pathized in with by the fleets, hand -taken place at Sebastopol, and was with difficulty iurpressed. The sol diers, it appears, complained of their treatment and food. The leader tt Major, had effected his escape. The Filial:h. Gazette confirms the. destruction by Admiral Plumrid'e's iquadron,of wharveq, gunboats, tinaher, &c., at Braheastadt on the 30th of May, and at Lleabourg, on the first ofJune. The vessels engaged were the Le poll, Odin and others. Ten thousand barrels or tar were burnt, and several ships laden with cargo - . were inado prizes. Fifteen hundred men and mariners were landed at Uleabourg, and captured the specie in the Bank Of Finland, the directors of which and the inhabitants had taken to flight. A dispatch from Dantzic states - that 29 British and 18 French ships had made ajunction on the.l3th of Juno at Bortsund, !?:0 miles from Sweabourg; and were to proceed to the Island of FROM WASHINGTON Correspoutlence of the North American.. F. S. Gazette. NirssuisuroN, July 1, 1851. I can hardly describe the tone of alarm and gloom and foreboding which pervades the minds of northern men in both Houses of Congress. Yester day a distinguished Democratic mem ber of the House of Representatives told me that, after long - and anxious observation and reflection upon the events of the last four years, and more ; . especially upon those of tile last six months, he was satisfied that "nothing could now avert civil - War or a disso lution of the Union." This gentleman is a politician of long experience; isa man of wealth- and of the so cial ,standing; has, or Has had; close and confidential relations with a part or; the administration, , -although ho stands in no need of its favors. Ile is also a brave and firm man who is not startled) bv shadows. He -is a conser vative and moderate man; so much so that he felt .obliged to stop short of the extreme length of parliamentary opposition that - could alone have de feated the repeal of the Missouri Com promise. It is the deliberate opinion of such a man that Southern policy and Southern measures are driving this nation to intestine war or a sep fmtiorm. The impression that such is the tendency of public eventais be coming a confirmed- conviction with the most conservative men and the profoundest•thinkers from the North, who have been personal observers and participants in the scenes- that have passed on this central theater of action I;,r the last six months. .They" noiv believe the sectional quarrel cannot be settled, because the South, with that small squadron of Northern which official patronage.. and a natural servility of sentiment secure to the South,"ivill not , allow it td be settled. They are determined to push time free . States to the wall. • The Nebraska bill, the schemes fur further territorial expansion, and the Gsdsden treaty, with the open avow al. of the objects.cennected %with these nwasures, have caused a complete rev olution in the minds and feelings of that powerful class of northern citizens who, froth.llso to 1852, exadted froth t'le free States a most reluCtant vet absolute acquiescence and compliance with the compromise measures of the former year. The "Union Men," the Castle Garden Committees," "Na-1 tional Nen,","Silver Grays," "Hun . kerst," and nearly all the men Jf wealth and great business connections now despair, and give up the effort to preserve the peace. They entered upon the task of reconciling the pub lic mind of the north. to the fugitive art, the gift of ten millions to Texas, and the Toombs proviso applied to - rtah and New Mexico, upon the sol etan assurance that these were. the last exactions the South would make upon the North, that the compromise measures were a settlement in prin ciple and substance of ' the slavery compromise. The South has broken faith with them, and has recommenced an agitatoin; which they had made. unequalled sacrifices to quell, because they believed it endangered the Union. They can do no more. Nay, they do not wish to do more. As a conserve- - tire . power' between :tate .North and South this class of men is annihilated. But if their influence were iindimin— i-bed, it would not now be exerted on the side of the South, for that has proved to them the cause of treachery. i iorratitude and sectional disturbance. Mary E. Hubbell, daughter of Rev. Stephen Hubbell, died at Stonington a few days since. She was the idol of her father's house, the dearly loved friend of many gifted and true berated ones. Her last poem was a strangely beautiful " Invocatton" to Death, in which she seemed to anticipate -her earls death. Her mother is the author of the well known book called "Shady Side." • In the neighborhood of Carlisle, i•l'a., harvest hands are being paid **.! 50 to 83 per day for the very best crr.dlers: otherd less. NO. 9