. • t f a — 4l • • 7 liiiiIIIFZ, WEIGHT, Editor and Proprietor, VOLUME XXXIV, NUMBER 15.] • MIRED EVERS' SATURDAY MORNING. 'Office in Carpet Hall, Hortlt-toestcorner of IFront and Locust streets. Versus of Subscription. Copy p e raucum,i f paidin acivance.. " i f uoi puid withinthree s,monthafromeommencementofthe year, :2 00 C7e•zstiss • Not ohecraption received lore leas time than six mouths; and no paper I be di4contittued anal nil w.evasorages.areplud,usi4estat the optionof the pub. is her. iD"MoneYnayb vet mit le (lb mailauhepabiiaL . u ar • a risk. Rates of Advertising. quar 46. i nes]one week, 4 1, *O5B three week's. 75 eacktultsequentinsertion, 10 • ' ' - (l4.inesioneereek. 50 three weeks, 1.00 enehtubsequentiattertion. fa , zerperadeertkementtin proportion Al 'Peru I Ikeountwil lite made to quarterly, half v eit leotreislytrieertideromno are Is trictl)eoufined °their business. 11. M. NORTH, ATTORNEY AND COUNSELLOR AT LAW coiumbia,Pa. Callectsons romptlymade,i aLancaste land York Semmes. ,Columbia,llla 138=1 DR. HOFFER, - T\ENTIST.--OFFICB, Front Street an doer LJ tom hamlet. over Saylor & hiellonahl'e Honk cto e — Columt 111, Pa t V"Entrance, borne as iCliieri• I'h oar. h Gallery. [Augur' 21. 'RN Harrison's Conmbian Ink 'WHICH is a superior article, permanently black, /IV and not corroding the pen, can be bud in ant oantity. at the Family Medicine Store, and blacker ♦et an tient English Hoot Polish. Columbia..l.,an 9.1999 Itousakeepees, a Word! TUST Received. a full Flock of bleached and 'ln a bleached Illuzlinn, Ticking 4, Cheeks. tiinghams and Print!, inn word, everything pertaining - to do e:wine tide. Cull and examine for yourselves, at *TRACY A BOW CIAS. cor id and Locust St•. Jcne.7, 1562 Lawns, Lawns, Lawns. T ADIFS oe:1 mud eee our brautifol I 2 emit Lowile, :1 14.10 FP, IA STMACV & BOWERS. Juue ,Oppoehe Odd reamer.' flail. HOOPED SHIRTS. ANEW and splendid style of Hooped Skirls, just received; Also, a full assortment of oilier ci . yies, very ellen p AIALTBY & CASE. Columbia, April 28,1E62. Locintt :Street. • TOR SALE,. .150 07 j e y k ;t C. A. Salt, 100 Sucks 11 , 15 1 141 . 1;I; s Ap- Warehouse, Cupal 13ncin. Columbia, Dec. 29, 1961. NOW FOR BARGAINS. - 1 1 7„ E have just received another lot of nil-wool De -7V Joiner; and plaid Mosuminques. which we offer ut radsteed prices. STEACV & DOWIRRA, Cola. Juhe 23, leff2 Cor. 2d and Locust Sts. FOLD CREAN OF 111ACERINIL—For the eurr and prevention ft) chapped hand., &c. Vol na 't ut the )LUEN MOLZTAR DRUG' STORK Dee. 3,16510 r, nut tweet. CA'lLlnl.a. NOTICE. It F. undersigned would give notice that 1.0 intends e readier to do u and will e ' l ll<ondB - 4 reduced priers. Railroad men n 1 ether v. t o re ... Nye their pay monthly, will be /mowed a ereoll of fe days. 11. F. BBC tVEit• Uct 11,1961. SALT! SALT! UST received by the oubserober, their whore IN Locust vtreet below Seeobd, 100 Bags Ground Alum Salt, 116 will be sold the lovieFt toarLei pricer. C July 11. F(‘ Tom Thumb About Again! AT Pfilliler's Tin and 11ouie-iuriten 4 iii„. Fiore, Lo east etreet.oppo-ite the Hunk: 'tee Tuumb•• lamps are the very beet Coal Oil L.a up • nr •••• '1 • and examine than. I,,•ltrist Coal Oil nt 25 eta., per galley, at I.:A".' dauphin, filmy 17 1' , 62 Pi A 111.r"R•ul ?APEX Ifetra.Nousixo to 4144 The fast chimer for bargains. 2500 Pieces Wall Parer, Or our beet st) len and quality. yet on toil, whirl. we are elowint out at 50 per cent. lower than Philp dolphin IVholesule Prices. Coll socni us we say re M .ar of rapidly H. C. FONDEASNI Acljoin Columbia. bllsith 20. 1962.. A KEW more of those beautiful Tries left, which will be cold elteap, at SAILOR & Mc DONA UPS April 14. Columbia, Pa We Have Just Received 'IL CUTTER'S Improved Chest Expanding Suspender and Shoulder /traces for Gentlemen, ■nd Patent Skirt Supporter and Brace for Ladies, Jost the article that is wanted at this time. Come and see them nt Family Aledirine Store-Odd Per:lows` h ail avant or, Bond's Boston Crackers, for NJ Dyspeptics, and Arrow Root Cracker=, for:in valids and rbildicri—new articles in Columbia, at We Family Medicine Store, April 16. MO. SPILDING'S PREPARED GLUE—The want of ouch an article is felt in every. family, and now it can be supplied; for mending furniture, china. avare i ornamental work', toys. &e., there Id nothing superior. We have found it uPsfal in repairing many anielea which have been &leek's for 1110111i16. Ye Jan.2Bin it at the ta.oanAs FAULT MEDICINE STORE_ POCKET BOOKS AND PURSES. A LARGE; lot of Fine and Common rocker Books ■Rd Purses, at from 15 cent• to two dollars entit. ' He telquarsers and News Depot. tril 14, I IGO. M=E , 01:11E. =REIT AiLIUITA-TA. HAVING just received our first NEW'S PRIM: STOCK. we would 11111110WICC to • the citizens of Columbia and vicinay, that it is NOW READY FOR INSPECTION, to all who may favor ua with a call, feeling confident -we can offer goods at cuch:prices an will induce all to tparchase. 1.17 - CALL AND SEX THEM.4:II rzsixt PISECI IrACKEIREL, by the barrel. half barrel end gunner _la banal, of the best qualitlee. Apply to B. F. A rroLD, Columbia. July leal. Canal Illown. CORN VINEGAR! HR eery beat ankle of Visegsr in erirkei is j RIMES 4 cons PURE CORN VINEGAR," :which may be hied at the blauslactory,iu 6er:owl sty a akibeisinig Leid.re Muss' Li sib SW. - II .4.I.I3EMANIS STORE. I.•A nap Wankel% La. Gum Blanketo ; .Grep. Reload Bine Flornnel% Striped and Pllll€ll Flannels, Soldiers , Woolen Mina, , •Grey Underthirte nod Drawers. , tau low priees.tat HALDEMAN'S STOBIL Columbia, Oalaber4S, 1.862. ETON I .INLE OHIO CATAWBA BUBB) s "' d PI 'S" WlNEB•••iriesially for Medicines .1W Sacramental pampas% at ibe . J anal. FAMILY MEDICI NESTOHE. ISitat liteeLveid AND for rale, in large or small quarnitiea,Boo sacks G. A. Sala, AM/ sacks Athion salt. E. F. APPOLD. Canal 80401. Columbia, Julybillift Attention Gentlemen! A CHOICE Lot of New Style Spring Candatoreo on& kliairk Preach Cicala, will be 'veiled ibis day; via{ •will be meld elegy for cask, at Anew mow • H. C.iiiPONDEItnaIIITH. Cola. May smaah. Adjoining ibe Bank, ~.Onto Miehmond. u1t. ...y :7 0 :t h and Ckaat i lat r eez Po l intsl - ,B C.V.mdtar a naw prat. A rail will emoviarePl'atli d IL C. FONDERSMITH, Co amble lety 34802. Peoples' Coots Mete anitt j CorrtzpilArtittr, MON THE BTH PENNA. CAVALRY S I 30 DEAR Ser:—"l still live" were the last words of the immortal statesman. Now, al though little Pleasanton's brigade has had a tough time of it since crossing the Pao- Unite at Berlin, in the words of the great "expounder" as freely rendered by an' ap preciative farmer, "I ain't dead yet;" and doffing my crossed sabres to your readers, lf prepare fur a talk. Those who expect anything else will be disappointed, as these fetters promise to be nothing more than talks by the camp fire. The march of Pleasanton from the Poto mac through Virginia via Union, Upper-, Ville, Piedmont and thence do Asnersville, Waterloo and Warrenton, via Ashby's Gap, is well known to the public;...also the sharp skirmishing they had upon r the route. I will say nothing more of the journey as I propose to make it the suldect of a letter to you in future. - Losing mg horse, I was compelled to retrace my steps by the self same route to Knoxville, Md. From that place, in company with several others, who had returned from the front upon the same errand. I had a most interesting and plea 'sent trip by way of Frederick, Md., to Wash ington. A•day or two in the capital, and We crossed the Lang Bridge into Virginia again. Riding through Alexandria we changed our direction, and bearing to the left passed near the estate of Mt. Vernon. A few miles further we paused to look at the an cient building called Cohick Church. Here Washington's family came to worship, a 'Hs i tance of eight or ten miles. Our route further on led us to the creek and village of OJCO. quan, where we stopped fur the night in an old stone building, that had been vacated, and met with romantic adventures, that you shall hear anon. The rain fell in torrents, as we ascended the bill back of the village, in the morning, and in spite of heavy roads we made the old town of Dumfries. This place was settled next to old Jamestown, so at least, the story- goes. Hero again we passed the night, and on the day following, by way of Stafford Court llouse, reached Belle Plains—u low level tract of land on Potomac creek. Here we found the Bth Penna. Cavalry, and a day or tvr . o afterwards were ordered down the Rappahannock to King George Court House, to picket Olt Country, and pretent the citizens from smuggling supplies to the Confederate army. see made a host host of captures, such as homes, cattle, tobacco, whisky, &c., ate.; and in tors: ; thsough their own lack of vigi lance, and the treanhery of a few citizens, had two companies captured. A wild life led in this region fur several weeks and we were relieved by another c a valry regiment. On the same night, at the rasing of the moon, we left for Bello Plains, over reads so icy that our smooth-shod horses coulJ scarcely crawl. Arriving at day break we fed horses and had coffee, and started again fur Burnside's headquarters, opposite Fred ericksburg. The building Occupied by Gen. B— is brick; in style a combination of the Swiss and Italian. Beautifully located, it stands upon an eminence, the ground descending gradually the distance of a mile towards the river, on the opposite shore of which stands Fredericksburg. Upon ell sides, every inch of ground lateen:led occupied by infantry troops, cavalry and artillery. I passed the entire day about the porch, and immediate grounds of these headquarters. Here I en joyed the opportunity of seeing many of the great men of our army: Gens. Burnside, Hooker, Sumner, and Patrick, with Sigel little Pleasanton, and others. Here also, I saw Prof. Lowe, the balloonist of the army of the Potomoc, and Prof. Rarey, the prince of horse-tamers. Upon that day too, I wit nessed the bombardment of the town oppo site, and a scene so exciting and grand, it had never before been my lot to luck upon. The roar of so many cannon, the hissing shells, as they went tearing and crashing among whole streets of buildings, finding their way even to the old cemetery, nail shaking the quiet earth where rests the mother of Washington. The whole scene was beautiful to behold, yet terrible to con template. Saturday. the day on which occurred the close and heavy conflict between the Con federate and Federal forces, was passed by me again at the headquarters of the army. This day was one to be remembered by all who saw or participated in he deadly work. Early in the day the firing commenced, and to any one at all conversant in these matters, it became apparent that the hour fur a gen eral engagement was at hand. I had taken part in fights and skirmishes, but the busi ness and excitement of the occasion always left no time fur thought or consideration; but here, from an advantageous point of view, wholly out of danger. (except when a stray shell, losing its way, or taking a mad cap chase on its own responsibility. came nearer than w..s necessary.) the whole pan da:area of battle, with its mighty tumult, moved before me, like the wondrous pa- , gauntry of some glorious dream. To me it was the realization era dream, that hitherto, in life. had seemed too unreal ever to be re alized. hour after hour the work grow hot ter, until it would seem that even metal or, stone could not endure the flood of flame that poured .from the ridge of wood and rooLbe.,yoniL_Every.shellthat rant a.colquto found that coll . ? . ta clora t again. Slowly bat firmly the lines al vaineal into the foes of the e. a. 111 A1.E.% k. CO, "NO ENTERTAINNEFIT .80 CIIEAP AS READING, NOR ANY PLEA.SIIRE SO LASTING." COLUMBIA, PENNSYLVANIA, SAURDAY MORNING, JANUARY 17, 186 S. storm, unflinching, unheeding, unwavering, steady, as did ever thatrcolumn of steel, the Old Guard under the Eagles of Napoleon, un til those who gazed would suppose it to be, not a wall built up of hearts and souls, but a fortress, impregnable, invulnetable, as the surge-lashed Gibraltar itself. Through the shroud of battle smoke that bung above the Talley and the town, the scene at times grew indistinct; yet as all went on with roar and howl, that host of shadowy forms swayed to and fro, like the ghostlike battle of the Greek Gods, seen through the clouds of Ilea ven. Now, 'the dun curtain en ept aside by the quiet windQ, you discern that column still advancing, still ascending the upland fields toward the wood, whence, still una bated,vomits the lava of death. The chitanied roofs and tapering steeples too, are for a time visible and then a partial eclipse again occurs, and hides the scene from view. Thue the day goes on, coming forth and passing in its glory, Until the sun has found the west, yet the strife is still as fierce; the con flict still the same. History will inscribe upon her reddest pages the names of Fredericksburg and Rap pahannock; and record among her memo rable days that .on which men, urged by feelings of wide and patriotism, went forth to fight an enemy, whose advantages of po sition gave him ten fold strength, and ren dered him unconquerable. Yet those gal lant hearted men, in obeisance to the man date of parlor heroes, pressed on, in oppo sition to the sanction, and dictates of corn mowsense, and where death was inevitable. Work ou "ye gigantic pismires of the cabi net and council," and in your infantile wis dom plan the pyramids which the working palms of men must finish. The day is not far hence, when your short-sighted eyes will be blinded by the glory that even now is bursting forth with the name of America's George the Second! And history will num ber the killed and wounded; but only unto those who saw and felt, and who partici pated in the carnage of that day, will be un derstood the extortionate price required to purchase the freedom and rights of a coun try. While Hooker and Sumner dealt their blows upon the centre and Sigel came up to guard and watch the right, from the ex treme left, fur down the river, came the in cessant voice of Franklin's cannon, where his corps was contesting every inch of ground, from the Rappahannock to the Mat taponax, as closely and fearfully as his fight ing, brethren on the centre and right. Dur ing the day the left wing was a subject of intense interest to all at headquarters.— Burnside frequently stood, (majestically as I thought,) upon the flat roof of the build ing, and with telescope, watched intently the movements of Franklin, whilst as each courier and messenger was sent and re tutned with smoking steed, each and all crowded around to learn how went the day below, showing a deep anxiety in the fate of t'e left wing. At length, late in the af ternoon, a courier came ascending the hill at lig:a:fling pace, bringing the sad intelli gence that Bayard had fallen. A few min utes afterwarcis six men mount and gallop towards the left. Of t!..eee I shall only say, that two were General Gregg and Mr. A— —, acting as supernumerary a id. Of the oth ers two were Orderlies, one a young bugler, and of the last it behooves me not to 'leak, except, that of him it may truthfully be said, he frequently bloweth his own trumpet. but doeth so only that he may give faithful pictures of what be would describe or delin-1 eats. Taking the road to the left, over ground extremely undulating, splurging through mud, and newly-cut reads, they rude on to the river road, which they kept fur several miles, then turning to the right, through heavy soil, found the pontoons, one of which they crossed, and Gen. Gregg suc ceeded Gen. Bayard in command. It was evening when we arrived at the headquar ters of Gen. Franklin, and "still the red mouthed cannon spoke" from either side. "The fun went down nor ceaned the carnage there, Tuntultuoutl murder anodic the evenitt; air; On Prague'e proud arch the fires o! rum glow, "ter lood•dyetl waltzed utarin'ung far 1.100 W." On the western banks of the Itappahan nock not many yards from the water's edge, stands a beautiful residence, built some what in the olden style, of rough squared stone, with quadrangular roofs. At the time of which I write, this building with its many out-buildings, had been converted into hos pitals, and hither, from over the level fields towards the woods, came en incessant stream of wounded and ezhausted soldiers, of whom it might be said they had "fought, and fought too well." Same made good their way with musket for a crutch, while by pools and diminutive streams, hundreds knelt and washed the blood and gore from their wounded limbs, and the battle smoke from their faces. flow the heart swells with sympathy, as you look down into the sorrowful faces of those who dreamed of glory, but awoke to the reality of war! Those with an arm or leg perforated by the bullet, were considered as well to do, and permitted to make their way as beet they could; while only those unable to move at all, or actually in the jaws of death, were looked upon as requiring assistance. Immediately to the rear of the building is a grove of two or three acres, composed of venerable oaks and gigantic sycamores. On the western verge of this grove under neath one of the largest oaks, Gen. Prank- I fin and staff held their headquarters. -With a detachment of cavalry acting as body guard, a dozen or ao of orderlies, and with the number of persons usually collected around the headquarters of a General, the 'rebel forces beyond, might reasonably 'sup pose a regiment of cavalry in line of squad ron stationed there. And so, shell after shell hissed overhead, and fell amid the trees of the grove; and here it was, that while standing beside an oak, carelessly leaning one arm against its huge trunk, tire noble Bayard fell. A shell in its course struck him upon the side, and though he. died not then, they carried him away, never to look upon the field again. ' After some little military ceremonies with the officers maderneath the oak, General Gregg came over (scarce six paces) to where we had lighted a brush fire, and were pre paring coffee in our tin cups. Fur awhile he sat urea the ground, without speaking, evidently in profund thought; then looking up, he said, "Mr. S., find Capt. W. and bring him to me; you will find him at the bouseyonder, probably with Gen. Bayard; but dont fail to bring him." I set down my cup and prepared to start, when he said, "I did not mean that you should leave your coffee; go when you've finished it." I give this little incident as illustrative of the fact, that an officer, although a "regular," may be a soldier, and yet be a humane man: also as a tribute unto hint vt ho in the paths of duty never forgets to temper firmness with mildness, and who has proven himself a wise teacher, and a fair aud impartial °M ew. As the distance was short I started on foot to find Capt. W. It was now dark, and the early night was without a moon. The dying camp fires of the grove flickered at intervals and blinded my sight, so that I slid my feet along, feeling my way as 1 best could, among the guoups of sleeping soldiers, the dead and dying, whom the evening and night had gathered there; now stumbling upon a few who bad crouch ed around a dying comrade, unwilling to desert him while life still lingered; or step ping across the breast of some oue stretched cold and motionless, and who 'l..ife'd fitful fever over, slept well," again, stooping over a form, whence came sounds I could not understand—they were the incoherent mutterings. the stifled, trem ulous accents uttered in the last agonies of death. Closer to the buildings one could scarcely step without encountering a hu man form, either dead or dying. I found the stone steps at length, and explained to the guard that my business was imperative, and passed on. The hall and rooms below were filled with officers, soldiers, &c. In all directions were scattered the wounded: surgical operations were in progress, and the surgeons, with faces flushed with intox ication, or pallid with fatigue and the sight of human suffering, with turned up joleeves and bloody hands, plainly told the soul rending occupation in which they were en gaged. Directed by an officer I found the room above,and paused upon entering,unwill ing to disturb the solemnity a such a scene. A group of officers stood around a couch, half lounge, half bad, on which lay General Bayard, calm and pale. I can only say of hint that the expression of his countenance was that of a brave soldier, resigned to his fate. But a few days and his corpse was borne through Philadelphia, while his chief mourner was she to whom he was to have been wedded upon that very day. ‘.Oll, while our eagle waves her pinions ill jil, HOW •wcei the slumber, on the field to the, Freedom deceiti--Willi our fate he given, bare our honour , let our *outs reach Heave n.' I returned with Captain 'W., and the, quest!ous asked by Gen. G. were all con cerning cluthiog, rations f9rnge, be. But a few hours i, command, and yet instead of taking rest, Ge.. G. was inquiring into the condition, and stuOying the comforts of a brigade of men who were strangers to him. After partaking of hard biscuit and a tin cup of coffee, lie permitted a poach(' to be spread for him, when, putting on his great coat, he lay down with us in our little circle, with feet turned towards the fire, preferring (it would seem) a soldier's bed, to the couch of soft and brilliant-hued blan kets of the officers, but a few paces away. Early in the morning, without breakfast, or a word to any one, Oen. G. rode away. We packed what little we had with us and saddled, for as soon as light appeared, tho shells again began to find the grove. Soy exploded so near that I stood on the oppo site side of my horse, and reaching under neath his neck, buckled the bridle on the left side. Throwing my blanket across the saddle, I crossed a ditch, and twenty paces from the grove was safe enough to finish my work. ,My companion was hastily bridling his horse, when a shell passed over his neck almost grazing his mane, startling the animal so that be leaped the ditch and came over to me without his mas ter. At the foot of a large tree close by, stood five or six horses, ready to be mount ed, with a young man acting as Orderly, lying upon the ground. A shell fell and burst amid the group, the horses scarce heeding it, while the man vaulted into the air, coming down at least twenty feet from the spot, perfectly unharmed, but paler than death itself. The staff officers by the oak tried to assume an air of indifference, but fiery shells are unwelcome ; g uests, and pallid faces speak volumes. It was not long before Gen Franklin had changed his headquarters, and the grove became par tially deserted. Gen. G. being ordered down the river to watch the Rebels in that quarter the bri gade wound its way to a point al milet below Cedar Lane. About this beautiful place I must say a word. About one mile from the river stands a fine residence, with grounds correspondingly handsome. The' negro quarters, a row of small, neat build ings, perfectly alike in size and style. stretches down the slope to the left; while on the right are other out-buildings, equally neat cud uniform. The land, falling gently 'towards the river, and on the right and left, thus affords a magnificent view in three directions. Exactly midway between the mansion and river leads the thorough fare yclept the "river road." For some thing more than a mile and even and level as a floor, this road passes in a direct line through the estate, bordered on both sides by an evergreen hedge, of beautiful growth, thus giving to the entire landscape a most charming appearance. But these once rich fields are ,now trampled, and the hedge much torn and defaced by the passing through of artillery. The iron hoof of war leaves its trail alike upon the beauties of art as upon those of nature. This place is called by the Federal Army, Cedar Lane, and to an enterprising Yankee in the north would be worth fortunes as a racing track. Some miles below this point we aserved across the river the rebel reserve pickets at their post. Their horses stood around some farm buildings, and as we looked, Gen. G. turning, asked, "are those buildings a thou sand yards distant?" I had witnessed the shelling of objects so often at that distance that I could stake my existence upon it and answered, "twelve hundred yards." "Tell Mr. to station a section of artillery on yonder point, and send those fellows a half a dozen shells. Let them be well directed!" The position was splendid. The valley of the Rappahannock lay before us. On right we could see well nigh to Fredericksburg; on the left we could follow the river course even further, while directly in front, the telt of woods lay, apparently four miles distant. The gunner taking the distence by medsurement, called out 1,300 yards; away went a shell, and watching, we saw it burst beside one of the buildings, and a troop of horses, some riderless, ran in different di rections across the Country. Shell after shell followed close behind them, as correctly as the distence could be determined, until a few sought refuge behind a cluster of grain stacks. "Now for the stacks!" said the gunner, and 10, one of them was uutopped by the next shell, when away went the Rebels, evidently on the swiftest of horses, from the manner in which they widened the distance between themselves and the Rap pahannock. Two days afterward I reported again to my old Regiment near Burnside's head quarters opposite Fredericksburg. The day following, we again marched through roads almost impassible, to King George Court House, and went to picketing again. And hero we are with excellent living, plenty of provision, and forage, with little to The Citizens are generous, polite, and hus pitable; and most of them remarkably fair in principles and political opinions. The voice calling for the close of the rebellion is unanimous. All respect, and speak well of McClellan, and seem to believe, that the most speedy method of ending our political difficulties, would be to reduce the officer's salary, to equal that of the private; to view the institution of slavery, as a secondary evil, setting it aside as having no business with the ending of the war, and to shake hands again through a compromise, stop the flow of blood, the widow and orhpan'a tears, and then as a Union of States, agree upon terms of Emancipation ; and if needs must be, let our spoiled and obstinate cltil dren, Massachusetts and Carolina run mad a "muck." Such, as far as I have been able to learn from private conversation, with in dividuals, is a general, and at present, a spreading and fast growing opinion. To day a petition went to headquarters, from the prominent Citizens of this County, ga i n ing that this regiment may be allowed to remain among there to protect them from the depredations of their own troops as well as of the Federal troops. The reputation we bear here is an enviable one, and if a force is left here at all, I should pot be surprised if the Bth should pass much of the winter near King George. We draw no army rations, except coffee sugar and salt. The Country around provides the rest, and the citizens give it freely; all they Ask is a fair and just compensation, by our Government, for what they supply us with. We have fresh beef, pork and mutton, flour and corn meal. We get corn by the large quantity, haul it to the mills, and.bave ,it ground in to meal. To day a party of some dozen men, are out foraging fur.oattle, that were seen by some one fifteen sailed away toward the Potomac. Quite a ride for beef I methinkti I hear you say. Nothing at all for men whose lives, as it were, are passed in the saddle; and I had made one of the party to day, for the sake of the ride, and view of country; but I wished to write this letter. This id as wild a life as man over led. When you stop in the woods, the first ohject, is a .fire ; after which all goes well. While some go , in search of water, others will fell trees for fuel, in case it is required; and while- some get coffee &c., from haversacks, others ride off to scout for forage. You tie-poor horse, to the nearest bush or tree, and unsaddle or not as is the order, and in an incredibly short space of time you will see a rough visaged troopers, seated upon the ground around a huge Jog fire, vociferously enjoy ing a supper, such purchase° ass -soldier_ only might pronounce excellent. 51,50 PER YEAR IN ADVANCE; *2,00 IP NOT IN ADVAXCE But a truce to thoughts like these, Christ mas is close at hand, and although to many whose loved ones have fallen in the battles of the past year, it will be a time of mourn ing instead of a time of festivity and glad-, nese, could the wishes of soldiers that will be sent out over valley and hill, and wood and stream to many a home, be realized,. to all, would Christmas be a merry one. As it is, they should enjoy it much, nor let a thought of us mar that enjoyment; fur if there be a turkey within the limits of King George's or in the valley of the Rappahan nock, thiefraternity of striped-armed boys will have it; and like the sailors on Satur day night at sea: the jest will flow and the'' song ring, with "here's to sweetheart's and wives," and "a health to one that's awa," until the picturesque canopies of these pines shall tremble more with the shouts of the merry Cavaliers of the Army of the Poto mac, than did ever Alhantbrie palaces amid the royal din of moorish Kings. Yet amid the wilder scenes of Christmas night, in a pine wood, lighted by camp fires, when every twig and bough of the varnished Holly is decorated , not with the innocent toys of childhood, but with glitter ing arms and sharp-edged steel, oven then will not be forgotten, the smiling faces and gleaming hearths of kindred and of home. The night wanes, and I must close. For the bravo ones., many of wbunt are now sleep ing around ins, I think that I can truthfully say:— ••lien's n tqnile for those who love u', Here's a tear for doo-e who hate, And whatever-k>',, above u', Here's a heart for every fate," To each and all a merry - Christmas, and a happy Now Year. King George C. 11., Va., 1 Dec. 231, 1862. f PEON THE 45TH PENNA CALI" OUPOSITE FREDERICKSBURG, VA., 1 January 4th, 1863. DEAR Sm—Christmas has passed, so has New Year's day, nod still we are quietly looking at Fredericksburg, and wondering what nest will be the move on the m ilitary chess board. Twelve Major and Brigadier Generals are formed into a mutual admira tion society at Washington, more familiarly styled "McDowell and Porter Courts of In quiry:" they summ,n the other Generals to Washington to give in their experience and assist them to drink the Washington whis ky. Everybody knows that after long sit tinge and wise looks they will find the cul prits not guilty and pronounce them the greatest of modern Generals. Why this farce? Why should those old fogies not be dismissed—they aro an incumbrance and should be lopped off to make room for more vigorous moo, who would lead our armies to victory. The 46th is in :Wu quo; that means that we arelliving snugly in huts, caves, with plenty of crackers. pork, beaus, sugar, coffee and the other delacacies of Uncle Sam's larder: whisky rations added, and we would be truly happy. You know that ardent is contraband in camp, except for officers; yet we occasionally euchre the com missary out of a small supply. Two of our Sergeants did him in a small way on New Year's day. I did them, and the result was all three of us became elevated. The Ser geants got noisy; I smelled a rat (the old Colonel,) and kept quiet. Next morning Sergeants were reduced to the ranks; the order read "for the sake of good example." lam glad of it; and now that vacancies ex ist I am almost sure of my promotion. or - Jorps is to he reviewed at two o'clock this atrernoon by Major Genera/ 13urnside. This may indicate a movement, as "Old Burny" dont often review except on very important occosions. Rumor says that our Corps is to go to Washington to relieve the new troops there, who aro all to be sent to the front, to put in the balance of their time fighting the enemy. If so, no doubt the 45th will be selected to do duty around the White House, as it is said that Mrs. Lincoln is partial to good looking men. I hope this may be correct, as our friends in the 135th would not like to return to their homes without having won reputation at the cannon mouth. We are glad to see the President's procla mation freeing the darkies. Now let us have the darkey soldier; send us on two companies from Tow LIM; we'll train them; we'll give them a chance to try their pluck. Stir up my old chucks, Bill Brown, Nate Smith, Uncle Cmsar and the others. I'll be their Captiug and show them how to charge on double quick; so send them along or we'll be after them. Should they not fight for freedom and a free country? or will the Home Guard say no? lam in earnest; the Rebels use the negro, why should we not do the same? In a few months the Regi menta enlisted for two years will have to be discharged; clittle later and the nine month area will go out of service. All this will reduce our army to about 250,000 men. Flow are we to increase it? Either force out the Home Guard or the darkies, and as the negro is the cause of the war let them participate in its-glories; make Ahem fight fortheenselves; I know your town can easily spare two hundred; enrol thorn at once. The weather is •vary -pleasant, and the health of our regiment is almost-perfee Oar Regimental Hospital has not a -single patient. .Our 'company Ana-seventy men, present for duty, and not s single man • oat the sick list. I vesture to assert that not a regiosentora sotopsey in the terries can present so fasarable•s record of ..butt ae [WHOLE NUMBER 1,69 this. Our huts aro inigue, but comfortable, and mighty clean. •Cleadlidees ensures health. 'Put•all that together and join me in a "hurrah for the 45th. Yours, &c. • .4522 News From The Gorilla Country; Mr. Winwood Reade and "The Old She karry," who went out to the Gabeen clown a year ago, arrived in the cdlony in early Spring. and went over the ground described in M. du Chaillu's book. The Atheneum publiebee the following letter from Mr. Reade,: Raving spent five active months in the Gorilla country, I am in a position to state that M. du Chaillu has shot neither leopards, buffaloes, nor gorillas; that the gorilla does not beat his breast like a drum; that thb kulu-kamba does not utter the cry of "koo loo" or anything like it; that the young gorilla in captivity is not savage; and that while N. du Chaillu affects to have bees a "poor fever-stricken wretch" at Camma (June 1, 1859,) he was really residing in robust health at the Gaboon. Mongilotraba, who is not a native hunter at all, and who was in my service three months as steward and niturel history assistant, duped Mr. R. B. Walker in asserting that M. du Chaillu had killed two gorillas; nor did he ever ac company that gentlemen except in the above capacity. From the Balengi of the Muni, from the Shekani and Fans of the Gaboon, from the Commi Bakele, Sec., of the Fernand Vaz, upon the banks of which rivers I have hunted (always unsuccessfully) gorillas, examining those only who were hunters, and reserving alone such evidence as was corroborative, I have gleaned the following facts respecting this ape of con tention. The gorilla dwells only in the den set parts of the forests; he feeds exclusively on vegetable matter, and one kind of grass, is a sure indication of his proximity ; st noon and era ho approaches the village . plantations for the sake of the plantains, oceasionlly (uttering a wild kind of cry, but which in rage (as imitated by Etia) bo comes a quick sharp hark. By day he moves along the ground on all fours (as having crawled for hours on their tracks, I can testify,) sottetimes ascending the trees. By night he chooses a large tree to sleep in. lie is exceedingly wary and keen of scent. When the female is pregnant, he. builds a nest (as do also the kulu-kaniba and the chimpanzee,) where she is delivered, and which is then abandoned. These nests, several of which I have seen, are simply rude layers of dry sticks, and of small branches evidently torn off the live-tree by the hand. With regard to his ferocity, as' a rule, when missed or wounded he Will charge. His charge, from which the na tives often escape, being themselves nimble as apes, is made on all fours. Min, whose left hand has been severely crippled, in formed me that the gorilla seized his wrist with his hind foot, and draged his band in to his mouth as he would have dents e bunch' of plantains, Two things are at least cer= tain—that the gorilla is less feared than the leopard ; and the story of a man killed by a gorilla at Catania is a complete fabrication: Traditional accounts of Such en incident exist, but nothing of the kind has hap pened within the memory of man. • The tale of the gorilla assuming a boxing atti tude, and beating his breast like a dram; originated from Quengueza, and was unan imously refuted by all hunters from the Mani on the north to the Fernand Yes on the south. Thus in an obscure African village an old savage could tell a lie, which has blazed through Europe. The Apingi country, which is the Ultima Thule of N. du Maine's explorations, is distant] from the Gumbi (Nigumbi) four days foot journey, in a southern direction. In tracing the course of •the Renibo, hose - ever, he adopted a longer route. ' Ilis de scription of the Fans (Bafanh,) whom he visited in company with Mr. Mackay, of Cerise°, is very good. In ascending the Gaboon to its rapids, in the bosom of -the of the Sierra del Crystal, I advanced some I distance into their country, and found them gentle, hospitable, but cannibals undoubt edly, as one of them confessed to me. Bien the account of their ghoul-like propensities is in one case supported by evidence which I find it impossible to disbelieve. This book—so strange a melange of truth and fiction—was prepared by a gentleman well known in the New York literary world, from copious notes made by M. du Chaillu, when engaged in these expeditions. And I must do the latter the justice to confess that from the same sources which afforded me proofs of his impostures, I learn that be is a good marksman; possessed of no common courage or endurance; that he has suffered many misfortunes and privations, of which Im has said nothing; that his character as.a trader has been unjustly blamishedi that his labors as a naturalist have been very remarkable; and that during his residence in Africa .he won the affection of the natives and the ell teem of those who most merit to he esteemed —the missionaries. And a fellow-laborer, thoughein humble one„.may be permitted to regret that, actuated by.a foolish..innity or ill-advice, he should have attearptaktwedd artificial flowers tolls .bnie.wreatkriflutrels which he.‘bad , fairty istnt :hardlrearned. CAPS LIUST: gtierlinto. LOANDA, September '','
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