®lje 3Vmcman Volunteer.
PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY. MORNING
BY
CItATTON Jo KENNEDY.
DFfICEr-SO®™ BIABKET SQUABE,
■ KKM3— TWO Dollars per year If paid strlol.y
in*advanco: Two Dollah) and Flßy Coma If paid
lMll n throe months; after whlch.Thrce Dollars
"... ho charged. These, terms will bo rigidly ad
Cored to la every Instance. No subscription dis.
continued until all arrearages are paid, unless at
the option of the Editors.
Catos.
g NITJBD STATES CLAIM
AND
HEAL ESI ATE A GENET.
WM. B. BUTLER,
ATTORNEY AT LAW, '
ofnce in Franklin House, South Hanover Street
Carlisle.Oumbeiland county, Penna,
Applications by mull, will rooolvo Immediate
“ pS?tlolSw attention given to tbo selling orrent
|„E Of Real Estate, In toWnor country. Inalllet
(Js, of lunulry, plenso enclose postage stamp.
July 11.1870—tf ’ „ ' ' ,
TU E. BEI.TZHOOVEB,
‘attorney-AT-£4 w.
... GAUL.'
portico on South Hanover Street, opposite.
Pentz'B dry goods store. •
Hoc. 1. IMS. ‘
J j'UMRXGH & BARKER,
attorneys at la w:
iJ'Uoo on Main Street; lu Marlon Hall, Oar
IjhJg, Pn.
Deo.' 2sggi
Q_ E O. S. E M I G ,
ATTORNEY- AT-LAW,
Office with 8. Hopburh, Jr.
East Main Street, •
CARLISLE, PA.
pcb/i, n-iy
W KENNEDY, Attorney at Law
Carlisle, Ponnn. OUlcosamo os thatol
"American Volunteer." . ’
Tire. 1 I we- .
DR. GEORGE S. SEARIGHT. Den
tist From the Baltimore College of Benin
mi. OfUoeattbe residence of hla mother
Enust Louthor Street, three doors below Bedford
Carlisle, Ponnn.
■Doc. I 1M5.,
3sats ana
JgAKGAINS IN •
HATSANDCAPS!
At KHLLEU-'S. 17 North Honover Street,
We luce received the Inleststyles of HATS
and OaPS. Bilk Bats. New york and Philadel
phia styles, Casslmore Hats -of nil shapes and
prices, soft Hats of every kind, from 76 cents
up. ololli Hats, In Bl.i o. Velvet, Lasting, Mixed
Cass and mack. Also a fine lot of Boys and
Children’s Hats, cloth and holt, and nt all prl
ces, ‘
MEN, . _ ‘
BOY'S, AND,
. CHILDREN'S.
HATS, *
in styles 100 numerous to mention, all ol which
will be sold nt the lowest Cash prices.
Call and examine our stock; you cannot fall to
bo pleased Injjrlce and quality. ,
IIA.T.’S of any kind made and repaired to
rdor, on short notice. •
JOHN A. KELLER, Agent,
No. 15 North Hanover Street.
Sept 2R. '7l—tf. ■
OATS. AND CAPS I.
DO YOU-WANT A NICE HAT OR CAP 7
if so. Don’t fait, to call on
J. G. C A L L I O ,
A r o. 20. WESI MAIN BTREEV,
Where can be seen the finest assortment of
HATS AND CAPS
ever brought to Carlisle. He lakes great plena
uere lu Inviting-Ills old friends and customers,
and all new ones, to his splendid N r°.
olivod from New York and Philadelphia, con-,
sistlng In part of fine
SILK AND CASSIMEEE HATS.
besides an endless variety of Capa o
n»n inipst'stv'le. all ol which be will sell at in
uZia OMlf M*. Also, his own manufacture
Hats always on hand, ana
HATS MANUFACTURED TO ORDER.
He has best arrangement for coloring. Hats
and all Ulnusof Woolen Goods, Overcoats &o. t
the shortest notice, (as he colors fYe r y o % e „ e J' a “ a f
on the moat reasonable terras. Also, a flnelot ol
■obolco brands of
tobacco and cigaeb
[ways on hand. He desires to call theattentlon
♦onbrsons who have
COUNTR Y FURS
to sell, as ho pays the highest cash prices for. ho
m OWe him a call, at tho above number, his >id
itaml, as he feels confident of giving entire Sauls
faction.
Sept. 28, ’7l-tf.
ill' CiiiS
REAL VALUE
HARPER’S !
■SOUTH HANOVER STREET.
Ifvou wnntft nice CALICO DRFPS,
If you want ft nice Do a\ R i
-If yon want ft nice AM AUWjbrRL,.
If you want ft nice, MOHAIU,
1J you want a u,c .° ( 'A s ®^HJ{n T SUIT
7< vnn wnnta niCO CIAJiH oUll,
il vouwant a ulco TABLE LINEN,
If vou want a nl m KELT or HOOP SKIRT,
if you waul a ulco HP I 'JI iW? 1 r L ’
l lf y vou V v".Vt l WSS« M( e" COLLAR
If you want a Hniidsomo X.nce Bnofllieriihlol
If you want Hamburg L Au aw *
If you want GUIPUItL_ JiAUFS CHLAP,
If you want Linen Hftinlke:fchiefs CULAP,
If you want DRY GOODS CHLAP,
CALL AT
HA. It FUR’S.
Yow will find nn extensive and superior va
•mmv in Dress Goods, comprising (juslnnercs
Austrullim C rape, HHlc and Wool Repp*, Plain
and Plaid Poplins. Black sm™, and a complete
assort inentol staple Dress Goods. Also, Blan
fiets. Flannels, Water-proof Repellants, Velvo
leeiiH CBlnclc and Colored.) Merino Hhlrta and
Drawers Indies’Merino Veals. Twilled Sheet-.
In" (anew urtiele.) and. Full lines of Notions
White Goods and lUbbous,
If you would save money call at my store,
where prices will compare favorably with any
on this side of the Eastern ClUes^
Joseph Kids, $l.OO.
Oc e. 5 '7l—flw.
FARMER’S BAN .Carlisle. Penn
haa facilities for the transaction of every
variety of BANKING BUSINESS that may be
required by Its customers and correspondents.
Makes Collections on all points in the United
gtuies
Buys, sells, and attends to all orders for the
sale or purchase of Gold, Government and
Stale Bonds., and all other first class securi-
loans and discounts commercial
Pt AUpnds to the collection of interest coupons
and dividends. . , , , ..
Furnishes drafts to persona wishing to remit
money to any part of ithe United Slakes, Ca
nada or Europe. I „ _ .
Receives deposits in idrge or small sums ,and
pays interest on i«peolal/ deposits.
Is empowered to wot las treasurer and flnnn
"olal agent for State,- ebunty and city govern
ments, corporations and Individuals.
IK. GIVEN, President. »
J. C Hoffkk, Cashier.
Aug. 81, 71—3 m - j
piOOD NEWS FOR THE PEOPtiH
J. ELLIOTT,
(Successor to J. W. Smiley,) •'
No. 83 NORTH HANOVER STREET,
Carlisle. Pa.,
Has Just opened a large and splendid assoit
mentof
DILI UD WINTER GOODS,
CONSISTING OF
CLOTHS,
UASSIMERES.
OVERCOATING,
VESTINGS/ «to
wirloli ho will sell by the yard, or make up into
B’llta to order, on short not.ee, and at unusually
lo w prices. Having secured the services of one
° f 1110 BEST PRACTIOAI, COTTERS
In Carlisle, toaothor with a number of the best
practical hands to make up, he promises to glvD
entire satisfaction In flts.'style apd workman
ship. Always on hand a largo and complete
stock of
READY-MADE CLOTHING,
of home manufacture, which ho will soil os cheap
as tiro cheapest. Overcoats on hand or made to
oMcr. I will let no man undersell me. A largo
and complete stock of prime Winter
Boots. Shoes. Gaiters.
&c., of every variety, style and quality, ror gents
Ladles’, Misses’, Boys’ and children, made to
oidt-r. All to bo sold cheap, cheaper, cheapest.
Also, a great variety of
MATS,
of la'ost styles and best qualities, together with
ugeuurul assortment of NOTIONS and-Gent’s
Furnishing goods. Do not fall to glvo me a call.
My motto Is “ Quick sales and smuirproflte.’’
Sept. 21,1871-ana,
iht immean Utolunte
BY BRATTON & KENNEDY,
KIEIiL’SI TRIAL CONITNOED.
• [Forpreceding testimony ice supplement-]
TESTIMONY OP DR. ROBERT E. RODGERS,
what is called the power of enervation,
not then producing especially the irrita
tion of the mucous membrane. When
lie symptoms are of a narcotic kind,
they,are when the system is over
whelmed as by a powerful narcotic,
such ns opium. It is therefore evident
from this that the symptoms must be
’extremely variable,; at times'we have,
ns has been rend from the book, w,enk
.ness, faintness, nnuseq and sickness;
. iOfenoDßiways-mpsemr-eunerof-bhejn-f’
at times the symptoms of arsenical
poisoning are vomiting and purging,
extreme retphing and straining; some
times with and’ sometimes without
streaks of blood or bloody matter in the
vomited and purged materials, hut not
always these, nor any one of these;
sometimes an extreme burning of the'
stomach and gullet up into the mouth,
constrictions of the throat; accom
panied by extreme unsatisfying and
unquenchable thirst. At times however
this burning, this constriction of the
throat, and this extreme thirst are
absent; extreme pain in stomach and
bowels is experienced, sometimes it is
absent; sometimes violent cramfjs in
calves of the legs f this is not always
present; extreme sensibility, and at
times a want of sensibility and of
sensation exists; sometimes the patient
feels rigors or chills of cold; alterating
with heat. This is not invariable and
constant. The patient is sometimes
extremely relaxed, skin cold and clam
ing ; restlessness is present; the eyes ex
press suffering; the brain Is affected
in its powers, delirium and stupor,
(called coma) and death may close; the
symptoms. But sometimes several of
these may be omitled and replaced by
others, showing that many organs and
structures of the body are susceptible of
the impression of this irritant poison.
The symptoms I have detailed are not (
exclusively- due to arsenic. If they
were, post mortem examinations and
chemical analyses would be useless,
since all that would be needed, would
be merely' to remember that these
symptoms always belong to arsenic,
and when you find them you would be
sure that arsenic, and nothing, else
would be the cause of the symptoms.—
Q.—“ Are not those symptoms you have
described sufficiently like those which
generally attend inflammation of stom
ach and bowels, as to .prevent us from
distinguishing between the natural dis
ease and the effects of irritant poison?”
A.—They are. Q.—“ Are the symp
toms of arsenic considered as an irritant
poison, fixed and invariable?” A.—
They are not. The symptoms of none
of the irritant poisons are fixed and in
variable. The symptoms of no single
poison are fixed and invariable. It is
among the established truths in medi
cal science that age, sex, constitutional
peculiarities—the. state .of health at
time when taken, as well as the quan
tity in which the substance may be
given, influence materially, if not to a
largo degree, the effects which the sub
stance may produce, and consequently
the symptoms which may attend it.—
The symptoms of gaslro enteritis are not
absolutely fixed and invariable; but
more so than the symptoms of irritant
poisons. There, however, are many of
them entirely like the symptoms of the
irritant poisons. Among the symptoms
of gaslro intends are those which attend
inflammation of the stomach and bow
els, often extending from the lower ex
tremity of the bowels up to the cavity
of the mouth, with similar pains at
times, similar burning of the gullet,
and similar thirst. Tartar emetic, cor
rosive sublimate, salt petro, caustieley,
such as wood ashes, oxalic acid, white
hellebore, and canlharidos would pro
duce the same effect as arsenic. I am
not practicing now regularly as a
physician. I have not been practicing
regularly since Host niy arm. Itwould
be impossible to say, from the post
mortem examination, as detailed by
the two examining physicians, who
made their report, what was the cause
of death. It is possible in some post
mortem examinations todetermine the
cause, of death. If it were not for that,
very fern, post mortem examinations
would be performed, since it is a very
distasteful procedure, and physicians
would scarcely care to take the pains
to do so. I do not recall any thing pe
culiar to irritant poisons in the post
mortem; but to be entirely fair to Dr.
Kieffer and his assistant, I would de
sire to say that his report of the con
dition of the bowels, which he cut
opgn, would indicate some, abnormal
condition, but from what cause one
could not precisely tell. A medidco
legal autopsy should be conducted ex
haustively, in my opinion. I do not
think the examination made in this
case was exhaustive. If .1 understood
the report correctly, the gullet was not
opened and examined, the heart was
not opened and examined, the kidneys
were not opened and examined for the
possible evidence of Bright’s disease—
a disease of the kidneys very frequent
ly fatal. The stomach was not opened,
apd the condition of its interior exam
ined by those gentleman. How far
the ovaries were examined, I will not
pretend to say, since I understood Dr.
K ieffer to state that they were in a
healthy condition. They should have
been opened. I would desire to make
a statement which I think is proper in
this place. The stomach wasnotopen
ed. It is very often not opened in au
topsies, because It is desired to prevent
the contents of the stomach from being
separated from it for the chemist’s ex
amination ; and therefore it would not
militate against Dr. Kieffer profession
ally, for having omitted to open it, but
only destroys the perfection of the post
mortem examination. The colored
spots round in the body were the very
familiar death spots preceding decom
position, or you may incipient
decomposition. These spots' are ' not
especially evidence of disease. The
swelling under the car was doubtless
the result of decomposition, notthe ev
idence or mark of any disease. From
B ry experience and reading, thesespots
and the are no evidence of irri
tant poison, because they occur very fre
quently, and Indeed quite commonly
in cases of death from ordinary diseases.
I think it is not possible to determine
the condition of the internal or mucous
coat of the ' stomach, from an
examination of the exterior coat,
The stomach consists of three dif
ferent layers—an outer tough layer,
then a muscular layer, and in the in
side the mucous membrane—.that which
gives the. roughened appearance, to
tripe when it is boiled. Those outer
. layers, the tnm-h nn-LMin muscplur. lire
"not transparent, and the farmer might
ns Well expect to tell his neighbor what
kind of grain his sack contained; by
looking at its outside. From the re
port of my friend Dr. Band, when he
informed us the stomach was so offen
sive that he could not, with comfort,
brear the smell, I should say that it
was in such a state of decomposition as
would be inconsistent with the antisep
tic or preservative effect of arsenic. The
word gangrene, is used with -con
siderable confusion. Many persons
speak of a thing being gangrene, refer
ring to it as a sort of greenish, rotten
state. The true meaning of the term, as
used in surgery, is the sloughing off’
which Is ■ diseased from ■ that which is
healthy, in other words, mortification.
When it has separated entirely from the
living part and becomes itself dead, it
then undergoes ordinary putrefaction or
rotting. Q- “In making a post mortem
examination, for medico-legal purposes,"
where peculiar symptoms have'been ob
served and.treated by the attending phy
sician, what organs should be specially
examined?” A. It is considered proper
to examine those organs which are sus
pected to ■be the seat of the disease. .1
feel a great deal on this occasion. I am
here greatly against my inclination, and
also my interests, and have only come
in obedience to the authority of the court,
after learning from my friend, Dr. Reese,
who bad obtained the information from
an eminent lawyer, that I was bound to
obey both from law and duty. It is es
pecially painful, because I am called upon
to comment,upon chemical analyisis per
formed by a brother chemistand brother
physician, a personal friend, and one who
occupies as high a position as myself in
a sister medical school. I therefore de
sire to say, that whatever comments I
make have nothing whatever to do with
Dr. Band’s ability, skill and professional
standing. A medico-legal chemical an
alysis should be exhaustive, so. far as to
run the important changes through
which that metal can be passed, in the
demonstration of Its presence, as in the
performance of those processes which
will prove absolutely and withouta doubt
that the substance is arsenic and nothing
else. I thing the examination made by
Dr. Band was not thus exhaustive. We,
eonsider.it necessary in proving, in.so
giave a case, involving life,.beyond .the
possibility of error or doubt, that ar
senic, and only arsenic, is the substance
fouhd. Dr. Band failed in confining
himself to the Beinsch process, and ob
taining tneoctohedrai oreight-sided crys
tals. Notning short of obtaining the me
tallic spot of arsenic, the metallic mirror
of arsenic, and the subsequent treatment
of the Spot and the mirror, by the charac
teristic tests for arsenic would satisfy me.
Marsh’s apparatus, in its modified appli
cations, the reduction test, and the liquid
testa, after having obtained the eight
sided crystals. I am satisfied that Dr.
Rand was himself satisfied that what he
had done proved the presence of arsenic,
but it would not satisfy the demands of
analytical chemistry. An experienced
farmer may look over his grain field, and
say at once that it is an imperfect field ;
he.predlcts it by his own familiarcontact
with it; but a stranger to farming would
not so see it; that farmer would carry
him over the field and show him mingled
with the wheat, cockle, rye and cheat,
and when ho had shown him ail that
was foreign to the wheat, that individual
would then know it was hot a good field
of wheat. Eeinch’s test, Marsh’s test,
and its modifications; the reduction test,
i. e. the reduction and production of a
mirror of arsenic in a tube; and the pro
curing of the sulphide of arsenic,and the
liquid tests, including the eight-sided
crystals—are all teats for arsenic. These
may bo refined up, and the successive
stepu gone over and over again) so
ns to add confirmation to the previous
results. That was not ieeitimately
Marsh’s test used by Doctor Band, by
passing gas supposed to contain arsenic
through nitrate of silver, and Obtain
ing a' precipitate of metallic silver.—
Marsh’s test depends upon the fact that
when either the metal arsenic in any of
its compounds, is brought in contact with
-water, metallic zinc, and oil of vitirql, a
gas is formed. That gas contains the ar
senic, along with the hydrogen, another
gas which was contained in the water
which was added—that is called arsemi
reted hydrogen gas. Now that gas is
made to issue through a little glass tube
with a fine opening, which has been
connected by a cork to a flask, and as it
escapes it takes lire. If you let it alone,
to burn of itself, the hydrogen will burn
up and turn to water; and the arsenic
that was there will burn up and turn to
the white arsenic or ratsbane ; but if now
you bold a white china saucer down over
that flame, the cold saucer will so cool
down the arsenic, as to prevent it burn
ing, and to make a bright mirror spot of
arsenic itself—that is the original Marsh
test. These processes would exclude an
tlmony and other metals. Q —Were the
processes used by Dr Rand for cstimat -
ing the quantity of arsenic, those gener
ally adopted by Chemists? Ans.—They
are not. I understand Dr. Rand to state
that he had treated the stomach first
with hydrochloric acid for some days, in
a covered vessel, and afterwards with
hydro chloric acid and chlorate of potas
sa; and after digesting for a time with
heat, until all the organic matter had
been broken up, and the chlorine expel
led, lie transmitted through the liquid,
for several days, sulphoreted hydrogen
gas, with a view to throw down»or pre
cipitate the arsenic and any metals that
might fall by it. He gathered this
precipitate and treated it with weak
ammonia, which was intended to dis
solve the sulphuret of arsenic, and
leave any ■ other metals undissolved.
Ho then evaporated the solution of the
sulphuret of arsenic, dissolved in am
monia, to dryness, in a previously
OARLISLE, PA., THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 30, 1871.
weighed glass beaker. He then weigh.
■ ed this dried product, and estimated
■ the whole of it as sulphuret of arsenic.
He should have, seenred the purity of
t that sulphuret of arsenic, before weigh
ing. The process as far as it was carried
by him, would give a result when
weighed, that contained organic matter
besides the sulphuret of arsenic; there
fore it should have either been treated
with nitric acid first and soda or carbi
natoofsoda; or by means of the niate
of soda directly with ifllcinatioti—burn
ing them together; this process destroys
. all- organic -maticr, and leaves the
Ttrsenic-irTa condition ready to be pre
cipitated i s pure sulphuret of arsenic,
and this to he weighed and estimated.
Yellow precipitate would have been
obtained by following the plan pursued
by Dr. Rand if no arsenic were present.
This precipitate would have been suffi
ciently of the color of sulphate of
arsenic as to render it unsafe for the
chemist to pronounce it arsenic. It
might have been organic matter. Fol
lowing Dr. Rand’s process, a larger or,
smaller amount of organic matter must
have been present with the arsenic. If
arsenic had been present, half, three
fourtfis, any amount proportionally of
organic matter might have been there
provided the quantity of arsenic was
very minute. It a thousandth part of
a grain of arsenic, there might be a
grain of organic matter that would look
like sulphuret of • arsenic, or there
might be no arsenic at, all, with the
sarile result. Assuming arsenic , was
present, there was. nothing in Dr.
Rand’s analysis to determine the abso
lute quantity of arsenic present, as
there were not proper precautions taken,
to remove the organic matter. A very
minute quantity of arsenic in Reinch’s
test will make a considerable deposit
on copper, and will cover a considerable
surface of copper, relative to the quan
tity of arsenic. Just as a small amount
of white wash will cover a very con
siderable surface of wall when spread
out. A very minute quantity qf arsenic
deposited in copper will, when treated
■in a tube, give a considerable number
of eight-sided crystals. The estimate
or quantity which would produce a
number of crystals indicated by Taylor
seems to be one-three thousandth to
one-two thousandth of a grain. I think
Prof. Wormiy makes it more minute ,
still. That quantity would give some (
crystals. Dr. Rand should have tested
his sulphureted hydrogen, else it might ,
carry over arsenic. The metallic iron ,
and the, brimstone which are used in
making sulphuret of iron, from which (
the sulphureted hydrogen ’isto he pre- ,
pared, sometimes contain arsenic; t
therefore when sulphureted hydrogen ,
comes from this sulphuretof iron which ]
has arsenic in it, by taking the hydro- ]
gen part from the water, may itself ,
cental n arsenic. Q-—Dr. Band stated
that his guess as to the amount of
arsenic in the liver was arrived at by
coating copper foil by placing it in the :
suspected fluid, is it possible in this
way ever to guess or estimate the
amount of arsenic found? A. —It Is not;
but I must do justice to Dr. Rand—he
himself attached no importance to it.
It Is Tiotr'possiblo to tell the thick
ness of the deposit on copper,
any more than to toll the thickness
of white wash on a wall. , The
deposit found in the filter by Dr.
Rand might have been fatly matter and
albumen, and I shouldn’t bp willing to
decide whether they were arsenic or
organic matter, without some further
test. When taken into the body, arse
nic either passes from the stomach by
vomiting, from the bowels by purging,
or is absorbed into the system, or may
be by all these methods. Absorption
by the stomach is when a substance in
trodueed in n stomach is either in a.dis
solved state already, or dissolved while
in the stomach, and then taken, up by ,
the absorbents of the stomach, and ,
conveyed into the bloodvessels. That (
is absorption proper. It is "carried to ,
the various organs and structures of the .
body and may be lodged in them. Ar- ,
senic is by no,means the only metal thus .
absorbed—antimony, quicksilver, cop,
per, lead, and silver itself. In fact it (
would be difficult to say what metal is
not taken up. Q. —Is arsenic retained ,
in the system any length of time? A ,
—I should say it was—sometimes for
hours, sometimes for days, and some
times for weeks. Q.—ll taken medici- ,
nally is it apt to be retained In the sys
tem longer than if given in one or two
poisonous doses ? A.—lt would be re
tained longer-in the system, after hav
ing been taken in medicinal doses, than
it would in one or two poisonous doses,
for the reason that it has time, when
taken medicinally, to penetrate and
spread out t hrough the entire system;
while in violent, poisonous doses it may
be entirely thrown from the stomach
without a trace being detected. The
quantity found in the body after death
is not always the same. If the quanti
ty taken into the system is the same,
the quantity found after death would
vary. The quantity which poisons
varies largely; a grain, two grains poi
son fatally at times, while two ounces
fail to poison sometimes. The fatal
result varies widely in time, be
tween two hours and two years.—
It depends on the power of resistance to
poisonin thebuman system; dlfferentln
dlviduals have widely different powers of
‘bearing the effects of, arsenic, depending
upon the condition of health or various
other causes; and the same individual at
different times has Widely different tol
rant powers. A person might he pois
oned fatally by a certain quantity of
arsenic, given In one dose. Yet if they
are trained to it by taking it in small
quantities and gradually increasing the
quantity, they may become so able to
bear Us presence or eflects, as in time to
take with impunity what would be Con
sidered fatal amounts. Thus the arsenlo
caters of styrla, are able to take 5 grains
of arsenlo at a time with Impunity. This
tolerance.of arsenic, having been carried
lo a certain extent, and the person feel- ,
ing that it is going too far, and desiring
to suspend Us use, would, In all proha
bihly, very quickly die if he did so sud
denly ; but if ho came down tho hill, by
gradual steps, as he went up, dlmlnish-
ing the quantity day by day, he niay
finally come to the starting point, whore
he took the first small dose, and do that
’ with Impunity. Justus with , the con
firmed Inebriate, who, increasing bis
dram, reaches the extreme limit at which
he can bear it. If by accident he bleaks
his leg, and'the surgeon- forbid him tak
ing any more liquor the chance as he
will go into delirnm tremens or mania
pota. The sudden leaving off of that
required stimulus brought on by that
that condition, the system suddenly
gives away. (}. —A. B. has-been taking
arsenic a certain .time,, and tho Itystem
; ■. becoming, fotli ffiuriigain sld Isi-po we r,-and.
by violent exercise or other causes 1 to
which the party is not accustomed, any
portion of the system should give way,
might the effects of that poison be sud
denly developed ? Ans. —lt Is well known
that arsenic, no matter how ndminister
,ed, whether ,by the stomach or by ab
sorption through the skill, or by applies
tion to a wound, has a very special ten
dency to act upon the bowels and stom
ach, and If it act upon the bowels and
stomach, it may derange them, howso
ever introduced. If it do not derange
them, it leaves them more particularly
susceptible to causes of inflammatory
condition. If now indigestible food sboul
bs taken ipto the stomach, ortanything
else would not upon the system, tending
to or producing irritation of those organs,
the arsenic in the system, haying the
same tendency, would, in my opinion,
contribute to increase that inflammation,
and thus set up the symptoms of gastro
interitis. Q— How tar would a cllemist
rely upon Relnch’s tost and eight sided
crystals when the quantity is almost in
finitesimal ? Ans.—The chemist may be
within himself sufficiently .satisfied lo
rely upon that test, when with him it is
a mere matterofopiniou, or perhaps even
property involved, I would feel sufficient
ly satisfied; blit in the grave issue of life
or death, I, should not he satisfied with
relying exclusively op that test, and
those eight sided crystals; nor should I
feel satisfied until I had exhausted and
traveled over and over again the promi
nent tests which the high authorities
give. A chemist generally has his book
by him, and works according to very
rigid rules. There are other substances
that will give eight sided crystals, much
resembling those of arsenic, but not un
der these circumstances— that might
possibly find themselves in. a tube
which would have eight sided ar
senical crystals—but they are substan
ces which dp , not legitimately come
from the Reinach test. If you gave me ■
a tube containing eight-sided arsenical
crystals, and I were criminal enough, 1
I coultf remove them, and substitute 1
other eight-sided crystals, that could ■
not be distinguished from the ar
senical crystals, except by further in
vestigation. Q Could a drop of Few- \
ler’s solution, accidentally getting on a ;
box, such as Dr. Rand analyzed, and
drying, he afterwards detected by the
process followed by Dr. Band ? A. It
could with the greatest facility, for some
experiments which my friend Dr. Reese
and I have mode, tho tenth part of one
drop, amounting to tho one-twolyo
thousandth part of one grain, can bo de
tected, without saying anything of a
still smaller amount, which I believe
could bo detected. Having performed
these experiments only lale, yesterday,
we had n ot the opportunity of Hie best
advantages of light. Ibis tube repre
sdhts the one-sis thousandth part of a '
grain. We recognized it as arsoniei , :
We took a box like that, placed in it a 1
little rochelie salts and shook it; then ®
let fall on top one-twentieth of a drop
of Fowler’s solution. Wo then diges- j
ted it in pure muriatic acid. Obtained |
acid and copper from Prof. Himes, and ;
obtained the arsenical crystals in this
tube. If the box of powders had got the '
twelve thousandth part of a grain of. '
arsenic, it would have shown ar
senic by Prof. Rand’s method. It is the
practice of chemists as to the reception
Of substances supposed to contain poi
son, to enquire where it came from,
and by what authority it was sent, and
to whom wo are to look for eompensa
tibn for the work ; and to take'pains to (
ascertain that it has came to us so pro
teoted as that there was no chance of it ,
having been tampered with; and if the ,
chain be not complete and perfect in
that respect, we refuse to have i
anything to do with it, consid
ering it a more waste of time. I :
frequently, and I know that other skil
ful analytical chemists, do the same, 1
and like myself receive ‘letters and
.packages coming from various sources,
with the request that we should exam- 1
ino for poison, and we always decline,
Q.—By the Chart.—When a person had
taken arsenical powders and pills, and
Fowler’s solution, containing in all
164 grains of arsenic, during a period of
three months, would gastro enteritis be
more likely to be caused by eating
unwholesome food, than if no arsenic
had been previously token medicinally?
Ans.—l think it would, and even if a
much smaller amount had boon taken
in that period. I frequently make
analyses of substances supposed to con
tain poison.
Cross Examined. —Dr. Band is a
skillful physician and chemist, and
man of high reputation. Occupying
the eminent position of Prof, in Jeffer
son Medical College, gives him natur
ally a high reputation. _ When we
speak of arsenic being in the stomach,
that expression has two very, different
meanings. It may be arsenic in the
stomach, as that water is in that glass,
inside tho cavity of tho stomach. But
if I throw all that water out of the
glass and water could form a part of the
class itself, wo might still say there
was water in tho tumbler, because It
was incorporated in the gloss—Just in
the same way arsenic may he in the
cavity ot the stomach, and over the ties
iicsor structure of thostomach. A person
may vomit all the arsenic out of tho
cavity of the stomach, and there may
he st'll arsenic in tho tissues of the
stomach. Arsenic in solution is taken
up by the absorbents more rapidly than
solid arsenic ; solid arsenic is not taken
up at all. It must become a
solution before it can ho absorbed.
Tho absorbents aro tho infinitesimally
minute orifices, which are able to drink
in' and carry to the larger vessels and
into tho citculolion, substances which
are deposited in the glands, such as the
liver, kidneys, and other structures of
tho body. Tho rapidity with which
arsenic isabsorbed in solution, widely
varies according to circumstances. It is
impossible to prescribe the time in
which if would he absorbed with deli-,
oitoncss, though on an empty stomach
the solution maybe taken up Immedi
ately, while on a full stomach It would
be retarded. If it have fair and unob
structed opportunity,-it may bo ab
sorbed almost immediately after it
membrane of the stomach. - Authors
differ very much as to the time. Prof.
Alfred Stille is connected with tho in
stitution with which lam connected.
J. H. Nonemaker, strom.—l live.
inMechaniesburg. Have been a drug
gist there for three years and a-iiaif. I
don’t remember selling poison to John
Kiehl. I might or I might not. I keep
a register. His name does not appear
on it.
Dn. Alfred Day, sworn' — I live in
Mochauiqsburg. Am druggist and
physician. Have been in business
there eight years. Never sold any
poison to John Kiehl that I can re
member of. I never saw him before;
except here in tills court room.
P. S. Brough, sworn —Dive in Me
chanieshurg. Am a druggist. Have
had drug store titers two years. Never
sold John Kiehl. any poison. I never
saw him before.
J. \V. Byers, sworn.— Live in Mo
chanicslnire. Am druggist. Hove
been for two years. Never sold defen
dant any poison to my knowledge.
Never seen him before to day.
Dr. S. S. Jloovee, sworn.— Live in
Newville. Xm a drdggist and physi
cian. Had drug store about two years.
Neve 1 ' sold John Kiehl any poison.
Never saw him before;
■ Alexander Forbes, sworn.— l how
live in Chambersburg. Had been a
druggist in Newville until the 20th of
last April. Neversold John Kiehl any
poison that I remember of.
Dr. R.,E. Rodgers, Continued. —The
rapidity with which arsenic would be
absorbed would depend on condition of
stomach, whether full or empty, dis
eased or otherwise, and upon, what
might have been taken into thostom
ach previously. In an ordinary healthy
person, if the stomach were healthy,
,in case of solution, tho at sorption
would commence immediately. It is
carried by the circulation to tho differ-,
ent parts of the body. It reaches some
portions of the body almost immediate
iy. It reaches first the mucous mem
brane. The absorbents take it up from
the mucous membrane into the circu
lation. This is an immediilte process.
That which has been taken up is then
out of the stora ach. I have no data for
forming an opinion as to the time it
would take to absorb ten drops, of
Fowler’s solution from stomach. Q. If
three doses of Fowler’s solution, (six
drops each),'are ad ministere,d to-day to
a person, how soon would that liquid’
to be absorbed, Irom tho stomach
into the circulation ? A. I cannot say ;
I do not know. I have no facts of
observation to form nn opinion upon. I
presume it would be taken up in tho
circulation in two days. I think one
day would be su’fflcient to take it. If it
is a small quantity it won Id bo taken
up immediately, a larger dose in less
shprt time. The absorption is a con
tinuous process. If tho , stomach , were
full when tho doses were given, as
before mentioned, and if the food was
in a digestible condition, one day would
be sufficient to take up tho arsenic. I
don’t think the books announce that
arsenic is taken up more ■ rap
idly than any other metallic poison.
That it Is taken up in the circulation
immediately is» physiological fact known
to the merest medical tyro ; and yet I
would say, cases have been. Jounfi in
which arsenic has not been detected in
the tissues, but that was under other cir
cumstances. I cannot tell how sonq.a
grain of white arsenic would be absorbed;-
I have not the data, to form an opinion,
or honestly answer that question. Two
days might absorb it, and might not.
Where patient lived three days, particles
of arsenic have been found In tbe body.
If you turn to the earlier pages of Taylor,
you will find a case cited In which a
person bad taken J grams of arsenlo in 24
days, and then stopped its use en
tirely. Tthen stopped it, and at the ex
piration of a month from that time, ar
senic was discovered in tlie urine. Orillia
Is recognized as good authority, but la
replaced by more recent works. Tlie
books say it Is often eliminated in twelve
or fifteen days. If the kidnoys are dis
eased, by which the flow of urine la In-:
terfered with, the elimination by that
source criunotbe as fast as in other cases;
Ifmight be a good deal more or a good
deal less than fifteen days, before tbe ar
senic would bo eliminated from the organs
where it has been absorbed and lodged.
The kidneys are to he opened by making
sections into them. I would examine
the organa by making sections, cutting
them through and through. I do not
profess to be an expert on the subject of 1
obstetrloks. I would not undertake to
tell vt'Jtal farm disease would take result
ing from tho ovaries. Valuular disease of
heart would be moat manifest in the
symptoms of the heart itself. Enlarge
ment of heart you have a protrusion over
heart, which can bo felt from exterior.
I do not know that it would cause
' death by vomiting . and purging. Q.
When arsenlo, administered medicinally,
causes injuries Instead of the healthful
effect desired, are these effects manifest
ed and how do-they manifest themsel
ves? A. They manifest themselves very
variously, according to the condition of
the system for which they were adminis
tered, and the quantity given. Tho effects
of arsenic are subject lo many modifica
tions, as is tlie case with a great many
other medicines. There are no invariable
and fixed symptoms, in case of slow pole
onous action of arsenic, any more than a
violent action. They are sense of weak
ness, iaugonr, nauaea.sickness of stomach
at times, and at times none of these. Q
Wouldn’t tho symptoms occasioned by
arsenlo, medicinally given, when caus
ing an inlnrlous instead of a beneficial
effect, exhibit themselves more and more
qs tbe administration was continued? A,
YOL. 58.—NO* 25.
Not necessarily, unless the system should
become, as is so often the case, tolerant
of the arsenic, as it is continued to be
used, A fter obtaining the black or sieel
gray coating, it should have been sub*
limed from the copper, or driven off from
the copper, after placing it in the proper
tubes, so as to receive the
crystals. These crystals..should have •
been subjected to the Marsh test, in its
prominent modifications ; the reduction .
teat, and the liquid test. By the liquid
test, I mean the treatment of a solution
of the crystals in nitric add by ammonia
cal nitrate ofsliver, ammoniacal sulphate
o f’copper,*lll3 du-Btreimro fsulp h urcted'
drogen gas respectively, I saw the tubes
Dr. Band had. I think there Is arsenic
there, but I desire it undernlodtHHat that
opinion would not allow me to rest
at that puiub iu the investigutlou, when
the grave Issue of life or is be
fore me. I believe the sublimate pro
cured from the box, to be arsenic—such
is my opinion, but -that opinion would
not permit me to rest i 1 that point in
the investigation when the question
of life and death Is presented. I
would in addition to that have per-
formed the other testa I have men
tioned. The other testa could not be
applied to this sublimate, the amount is
so extremely small that while I should
bo most anxious to apply all those tests,
I should fear I should fail to obtain
any satisfactory results; therefore, un
less Tcould obtain additional confirma
tion of that opinion which I have men
tioned,lshould remain in that opinion.
\Vith the dark material on the copper,
and the extremely minute quantity of
arsenic visible in few crystals under a
powerful microscope, I simply enter-
tain a belief that it is arsenic with the
qualification expressed, and. as the
quantity is so extremely minute
hat while I would design to apply these
tests I have named as important, I
should fear I would fail in obtaining
satisfactory results; and i£ I did fail,
would beof the same opinion as'before. I
cannot say whether Prof. Worraley says
Reinsch’s test is preferable to Marsh’s
because it detects smaller quantity,;
but whatever be the connection, I feel
quite assured that Prof. Wormly in
recommending Reinsch’s tost has never
intended to confine the investigation
to that alone. He is too thorough "a
chemist. Q.— Do .either Wormly or
Taylor lay down a different rule for
ascertaining the quantity of poison
than thatpursued by Dr. Rand ? Ann.—
I referred to the process ns laid down
,by Taylor and Wormly ? Dr. Wormly
does not, he requires additional pre
cautions beyond those taken by Dr.
Rand; Dr. Doromus is a superior
chemist. I do not know that he
recommends the method pursued by
Dr. Rand. The organs in which the
greatest quantity of arsenic is found,
after the stomach' and bowels are bladder
and spleen ; Sometimes the least quan
tity is found in the heart. It is sometimes
found in the kidneys, the brain and
blood. If a piece of the intestine con
tained arsenic, I would infer that it
contained arsenic throughout its length.
You can draw no conclusion from the
amount of arsenic found in the stom
ach, as to the amount taken. The.
quantity found would not indicate that
a larger quantity had been taken,where
there had been violent vomiting and
purging, the patient living three or
four days, and when the chemical
analysis had discovered a nofabloquan
tity of arsenic. You cannot definitely
relate the quantity taken to the quan
tity found in the tissues of the body; be
cause at times a large amount of arsenic
may be taken, and yet very little of it
be found in the organs named, com
pared with the amount taken, and
again a little may be taken, and a larger
.proportion of it found in the organs.—
You cannot tell from a less amount
being taken that a large amount would
be found by analysis. Ido not know of
any case where the whole quantity of
arsenic had been found by analysis.—
Tho arsenic is taken up, carried through
channels of the circulation, and deposi
ted in tho different organs as the blood
flows around through the body, and
therefore the stomach receiving so much
blood receives so much arsenic out of the
blood. This is of course independent of
that which adheres simply to the struc
ture of the stomach; it being under
stood that complete absorption and
circulation has been allowed. The
metals arsenic, mercury and . anti-,
mony will be volatilized when heated
in n reduction tube in the Reinch test.
Antimony will volatilize at tho heat
of art ordinary spirit lamp, if you get
the intensost heat tho alcohol will give,
and your glass tube be very small, so
as to bring the copper foil under The
influence of that intense heat, while
you get the arsenic and mercury
readily volatilized, you will get a
displacement of the antimony simply—
Antimony will not give eight sided crys
tals. I saw some crystals of eight sides
Id the tube handed to me. I did not say
in presence of W. H. Miller, Dr. Reese,
Prof. Himes and W. F. Sadler that the
photographs represented eight sided orys-
t-ila. I aald that with that glass, a mere
pocket glass, the coarsness of the paper
prevented me making their precise fig
ure. I did look through the microscope
at two tubes of crystals, and though
they wore eight sided crystals. Dr.
Rodgers did not say housed the corobora-
five tests with reference to the precipitate
he obtained from the stomach. I have
not yet heard that the proper test was
made on that yellow precipitate he pro
cured. I stated this morning that sdme
of the authorities saythat some cf those
little yellow, particles found on inner coot
of stomach, and whicli resemble suiplie
ret of arsenic, are often really a mixture
of albumen and fat. In thcabsence of
any statement from Dr. Rand that he
made any chemical examination of them,
the question is an open one, whether the
yellow shot particles found on the filter
were orpimenor fat and aib'qmen. I have
tried the method Dr. Rand made use 1 of,
until I learned the fallacy of it. I have
used hydro chlorloh arid potash.todestroy
the organic matter. I have precipitated
such a solution with sulphureted hydro
gen. I have obtained sulphide of arsen
ic in the manner Dr. Rand obtained It.—
Q-" Have you ever, after carefully
washing snob precipitate, dissolved It in
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cold dilute ammonia • aftef. having ob
tained n perfectly transparent and’color
less solution of .this precipitate, and do
you believe! organic matter present or
not Ans.— l am not aware that by that
process if la possible to obtain a transpa
rent and colbrless solution; but'bave pre
cipitated from as clear and colorless a so
lution as could thus be obtained by tbe
process detailed, sulpboret of arsenic,
or what resembled it; but under those
eircnmstances I have not estimated It
for the weight of arsenic prelent, since
even then It is regarded as liable- to
the danger of containingorgiuiieina tier:-.
and’thO‘hOOlfS"dlSTliTefry'an’nouh(je'triat _
nothing short of burning 1 with nitrate
of soda will give pure results suitable
for determining the absolute weight of
the arsenic. If Dr. Rand ha- dis
covered that this repetition of the pro
cesses as detailed by him will give
accurate results, I shall hail it s ns a
most valuable contribution to Science,
as greatly saving the labor of the
analytical chemist. Watt’s dictionary
has a great deal of valuable material
in it, some things up to the times and
others not. I do not remember,
whether ho recommends that method
of quantitive analysis. There are
among chemists several methods for
determining arsenic; <2-—ls chlorate
of potash, with hydrochloric, acid, a
more powerful oxidizing agent in
destroying organic matter, than nitric
acid. Anil. —Hydrochloric . acid and
potash mingled develops chlorine gas,
and that tends to destruction of organic
matter, partly by itself attacking the
organic matter, and partly by libera
ting oxygen from water, which attacks
the orgaidc matter. Nitric acid would
act powerfully as an oxidizing agent.
ISaoh one accomplishes, as far as it
goes, the same general result, Arseuio
is quite frequently given as a medicine.
There are quite a number of recorded
cases of poisoning by Fowler’s solution.
I don’t know.of many cases of poison
ing where it has been administered as
a medicine. Acute gastro enteritis , un
der certain circumstances, is a common
disease. Altken is au authority on
practice of medicine. The sulphurcred
hydrogen used by Dr. Rand might
contain poison, unless precautions are
taken to guard against it. . Then the
arsenureted hydrogen used for tho
sulphide of iron, may contain ar
senic. I should be . sorry to rely,
upon the arsenic being precipitated
upon the evolution "of: the gas. Some
of the arsenic may be retained by tho
sulphur ; but I should bo very unwib
ling to tlepend upon it all being
precipitated ; and there isalways danger
if arsenic bo present that the sulphura
ted hydrogen coming off will have some
of the arsenic with it. The longer the
copper foil is left-in the solution, up to
a certain point, the thicker the deposit
will become,.but we cannot determine
how thick it is.
Tie-Examined in Chief. —Using the
preliminary steps detailed, the only
method of getting rid of organic matter
is bycalclning. I heard Mr. Horn’s state
ment of analysis of a substance sup
posed to be bi chromate of potash ; it
was not complete. Bi chromate of po
tash alone would have been greatly
more hurtful if taken into the stom
ach, than tho mixture of potash with tlio
extract oflogwood would be; Indeed the
extract of logwood would be about as
good an antidote for bi chromate of
potash as we can well find, and one
would tend to neutralize the other. If
I had a substance supposed to contain a
very small quantity of arsenic, Ishould
employ the JJairteefflest first, to endeav
or to obtain crystals which could bo
tested, and retain the -residual liquid
that I might subsequently use the
Marsh test. As the ultimatum or great
conclnsiue proof of the presence of ar
senic,you mustobtain the metal arsenic
itself, and prove it to be such.
Cross 'Examined. —The symptoms, in
■case of poisoning from arsenic, have so
many exceptions that there is no safe
rule.'
Dr. John J. Reese, sworn.-- I rosiae
in Philadelphia; am practicing’ medi
cine.' I hold chair of medical jurisprur
dence and toxicology in University of
Pennsylvania. Four years ago I occu
pied chairof chemistry iu Pennsylvania
College, Philadelphia. There is no
evidence from the post mortem that
death wascriu-.cd by an irritant poison.
I base this opinion upon the fact that
the autopsy was 'not sufliciontly ex
haustive to determine. It omitted the
organ specially concerned, namely the
stomach. A medico-legal examination
should bo performed in a thoroughly
exhaustive manner, so as to. leave -
unexplained no organ which might bo
the seat of disease and i death. It
omitted the. examination of certain
parts of the body which might have
been the scat of lesion or disease, and
therefore left the matter not thoroughly
decided. I have known of a. case in
which an examination was made after
death, from an unknown cause, in
which, on opening the body, the lungs
were found deeply inflamed.;! this
would have been a sufficient .cause of
death, arid would have been-so consid
ered if the examination had proceeded
no further, .but on openirig the gullet—
a mass of meat was found there impac
ted which had caused strangulation,
and this was the real cause of death.—
For this reason the authorities always
insist on an, exhaustive examination,
for medico-legal purposes. As far ns I
reiriember, there was afailuro critically
to.examino the condition of the h/art,
and esophagus; also the spinal marrow;
also .the kidney, the u terine organs. I
believe ■ with these ’ exceptions, the
autopsy was very faithfully performed.
I regarded the spots on the skin as the
ordinary death spots, the result of pu
trefaction, which occur in every dead
body sooner or later, and are not duo
to any disease. The spots under the
ear I attribute to'tho same cause. Soon
after the death the blond settles in
different parts of the body, and chang
ing in its color causes these spots. I
should think it was not possible for an
inspection of the exterior of stomach to
dotermlhp the condition of inner or
mucosa goat,. The opacity of the walls
of the stomach preventing us ftom