f
&
ja
American 1-1 ahnitccr
s
VOL. 58.
aiEKIOAN VOLUNTEER.
PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY HORNIIfO BY
JOIMI B. BBATTOS. .
)*Mjg TERMS: ■
—Two Dollars if paid within tho
•SSSfiP* * Two Dollars and Fifty Cents, if not paid
;3ffllP l * n year. These terms will bo rigidly ad
gplflei to in every instance. No subscription dia-
until all arrearages are paid unless at
option of the Editor.
VBRTiSKHENTB —Accompanied by the cash, and
exceeding one square, will bo inserted three
Jiffies for $2.00, and twenty-five cents for each
■■t Additional insertion. Those nf a greater length in
"^prdportion.
—Such as Hand-bills, Postmg-billa
P'atalphlots, Blanks, Labels, &o. &c., executed with
and at tho shortest notice.
. JNO.' c. graham,
ATTORNEY AT lAf,
'WSpfHce formerly occupied by Judge Graham,
Hanover street, Carlisle. jjjept. 7, *6e-ly
J|||PttUh Hanover street, Canio^.
'«EV SADLER, Attorney at-Law, Car-
in Volunteer Building, South Hanover
.fjlpftpefc. [sept. 7, ’6s—ly
-mt j! m. WEAKIEY,
fpp; ATTORNEY AT LAW,
bn South Hanover street, in the
room formerly occupied by A. B. Sharpe.
27, 1862—9 m.
vpip^
; U. NEWSHAM,
f ATTORNEY AT RAW.
Office with Wm. H. Miller, Esq., south
» west corner of Hanover and Fomfrot streets,
larlislo, Deo. 22, ISo2—tf
€jdiUAS. B- IfIAOJ.AUCSiIA.IW,
A T T O R N E Y-AT-L A W.
4g|FFICE in InhofTs building, just opposite
■fySSSM the Market House.
- Carlisle March 13, 1862—1 y.
i J. \V. FODLK, Attorney at Law.
i. Office with James R. Smith, Esq., Rheon. b
ill. All business culms' cd to him will bo prompt
s'! tended to. . Fob. 6, 1863.
i mu c. HEttlfiAN,
lATTORNEY AT LAW.
SfFICE in Rheem’s Hall Building, In
m. tho roar of the Court House, next door to tho
Xferald” Office, Carlisle. [Fob
JAM US A. DITtIBAR,
i' ATT cRraNBT AT LAW.
iff noxt door to the vVmpr
doora west of llannoti' r
j t ,gpril 14.1564—1 y
t
-
F. E. BELTZIIOOVER,
'TORN BY AND COUNSELLOR AV LAW,
CARLISLE, PENN’A.
IFFICE on South Hanover'street, oppo
f site Bents’s store.
special arrangement with the Patent Ofilce,
suds to securing Patent Eights.
Icpt. 22, 1864-ly
t vf
! ViSf
i'll
ItUFUS E. SHAVfcEY,
ISttorney at law.
CARLISLE, PA.
! TTENDS to securing and collecting
' '.of.'jSm. Soldier's Pa;/,. Pension «. Bounties, &c,
f Oflleo on South Hanover street opposit*
Store. Fob. 13. 1802.
Dr. CEO. s. Seaklcux,
!> the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery
} at the residence of his mother, East Louth
l . three xloors below Bedford.
[;Doc. 22, 1562, . ,
’ DR< 1 >c,"LoOftlfiS, PM3JW
• ; from South Hanover street to Wcsl
' v pjomfrct street, opposite the Female High Bchoolj
‘ ; <}Ckrllßlo. [April 28, 1861.
I LUMBER YARD.
• v subscriber having leased the Yard
1 rformorly occupied by Armstrong & Hoffor,
~| , the stock of
O A L AND LUMBER,
V -Yard, together with an Immense now stock,
i , cK’/i'jpfljLhave constantly on band and famish to order
' and -quality of seasoned
''''lfipMßEß,
i'tfi; «&8# boards,
SCANTLING,-
FRAME STUFF,
Plastering, Lath, Shingling Lath, worked
and Weathorboarding, Posts and Rails,
oU fevery article that belongs to a Lumber Yard.
:I kinds of Shingles, to wit; Whitepine, Hcm
-3 y -''V|lo6k and Oak, of different qualities. Having oars
own I can furnish bills to order of any
and size at the shortest notice and on the
i. reasonable terms. . My worked boards will be
under cover so they can be furnished dry at
...
| L have constantly on hand all kinds of FAMI
*[ COAL under cover, which I will deliver clean
( r £d v any part of the borough. To wit; Lykens Val
-1 |;: .p>|by,-Broken, Egg, Scoie and Nut, Luke Fiddler.
I Locust Mountain, Lobbery, which I
it l ' r myself to sell at the lowest prices.
i 1 Best quality of
i '■> v Limeburners* and Blacksmiths' Coal ,
on hand which I will sell at the lowest fig
"■v * "ard west side of Grammar School, Main
'TICE.—I still retain the same position
inn of DELANCY So BLAIR, which will be
on as energetically as o/et at thur cld
icar the Gas house. As our purchases, will
ie together at the head of the nfarket, we
mfldcnt by so doing to bo able £5 acoommo*
jar customers and the public on.tbo. most
table terms. Having relinquished the tan
' will deovte my entire attention to the Coal
* umber business. All kinds of Coal and
sr kept constantly on band and in the best
ion. The Lumber Yard will be managed by
)0. ZulofF, whoso experience and skill is well
ito the community. By strict attention to
ess, short profits, and a desire to do right w 6
to secure a liberal share of public patronage.
ANDREW H. BLAIR.
15, 1865-tf
RPETSJ CARPETS 11 CARPETS
We havo just returned from tho city with a
ipply of all graces and qualities of Carpets,
:he cheapest Hemp up to tho best quality of
•Ply. Also all widths of Floor Oil Cloths,
jw Shades, Rugs> Matts, Looking Glasses, Ao
persons in want of any of the above goods
e coming season, will do well by giving us
rly oalf, as we always take great pleasure in
itlng oar goods and defy competition in this
iU Please reinember the Stand, scuth-es*
r Market Square, directly opposite Irvine
and Shoo Store. *
npOR SALE*.— desirable property in the
I* north-east portion of the Borough of Carlisle.
A nice home for » small, family. Apply to
« C. B* MAC L A UGHLIN,
In IS, r ll~* Jginf/er Omm
ind s6|
Printing office
'a hotel.
Three thousand one hundred and eighty
ono persons ’ last their lives, and nine hun
dred and thirty-five other persons suffered
bodily injuries by accidents, upon American
railroads or steam'bofilts, or by explosions of
powder magazines or the fall of buildings, in
America, during the period between the
close of the war for the Union and theSlst
ultimo—just five months. These figures,
supposing the whole year to present a simi
lar record, would give a total of'seven thou
sand six hundred and thirty-tWo deaths, and
-tfwo thousand two hundred and forty four
persons wounded within the space of twelve
months.
■ If we could arrive with.any certainty at
the number, not of the accidents of the above
classes, accounts of which appeared in print,
but of all that have occurred during this five
months, the aggregate would be still more
startling. But that would bo impossible. —
The first effort of railway officials is general
ly to conceal disasters, and next to belittle
what they cannot ignore. The public must
be content, therefore, with such information
as it can obtain,- and draw the clearest con
clusions deducible from the evidei ffs before
it.
It is to hid in drawing these conclusions
that we have prepared the statement to which
attention is called. One of the commonest
attributes of our nature, and perhaps in a
peculiarly high degree of American natures,
|s to.forget soon a timo of danger or a period
of discomfort. An accident occurs on a-rail
way line,_or a' steamboat, which is of a very
fatal character, and we remember it perhaps
until the coroner’s jury has gone through its
farce of investigation and has settled upon
its harmless verdict, but no longer. As for
the hundreds of minor casualties, - who reads
of them or cares about them, unless they are
shown forth in their horrible oggftgate of
suffering and death. Then, and not till then,
we begin to perceive that we have travelled
for months with a terrible average of risk to
oarsplves, and we became indignant and
alarmed and inquire what is to be done ?
Our own opinion is that bathing Short of
the vigorous fiction of public prosecutors will
meet the evil. But what a disgrace it is
that no punishment, even upder the present
system, is ever meted out to public murder
ers, for those who control these death-dealing
agencies, but do not prevent their horrible
slaughters, are no better than murderers. —
Nay, we cannot see in what respect n care
less captain, or a reckless nilrnad • nployce
who.neglects the supervision he is employed
to use, is morally the superiur.of the Wretoh
who slays bis single victim for a little mou
oy-or to gratify revenge.
Nor in-thus speaking are-we using lari
gaage'on* whit too strong to meet the ease
in point. In. New York State alone there
were 285 persons killed and on
railways during 1864, Compare this with
the 20 deaths from the same cause in Eng
land during the same period. Is there nut
a pretty sqund conclusion alt ilnable 7,
The whole subject of criminal neglect on
steamboats and' railways is one requiring in
stant consideration. And we ' trust' that
what we print will not Ws an incentive to
wards its being brought about. —New York
Times.
ANDREW H. BLAIR.
LEIDICH & MIIiLER.
poetical.
the barefoot 801.
BT JHO. a. ■WHITTIER.
Blessings on tbco, little man,
Barefoot boy with cheeks of tan I
With upturned pantaloons,
And thy Aorry whistled tunes—
With thy rod lip, redder still
Kissed by slrawborri i s on the bill—
With tho sunshine on tby face,
Through tby lorn brim’s Jauntly gra.'.e ;
From my heart I.give *heo jdy,
I was onca.a barefoot boy..
Oh !.for boyhood's paidhss play.
Sloop that wakes In laughing day.
Health that mock's the doctor's rules,
Knowledge never learned at school!
Of the wild bee's morning chase,
Of the wild flower's time and place,
Flight of fowls pud habitude
Of the tenants of the wood.
How the tortoise bears his shell.
How the. woodohmk digs his cell.
And the ground mole sinks his well,
How the robin feeds her young,
How the oriole's nest is hung;
Where the whitest lilies blow,
Where the freshest berries grow,
Where the ground-out trails its vino,
Whore the wood-grape clusters sbino;
Of the black wasp's cunning way,
Mason of his valid of clay,
And the architectural plans
Of gray-hornet artizans!
For eschewing books and tasks,
Nature answers all he asks ;
Hand in hand with her bo walks.
Face to face with her ho talks,
Part and parcel of her joy—
Blessings on the barefoot boy I
Cheerily, then, my little man,
Lire and laugh, as boyhood ban.
Though the flinty slopes be bard,
titubblo—spread the newmown sward,
Every morn shall load thee through
Fresh baptism of the dew;
Every evening from thy feet
Shall the cool wind kiss the heat;
And too soon those feet shall bide
the prison cells pride,
Lose the freedom of tho sod.
Like a colt for work be shod.
Made to tread tho miles of toil, a
Up and down in ceaseless moil—
Happy if thy track bo found
on forbidden ground—
Tlappyif they sink not in
Quick and treacherous sands of sin.
Ah ! that thoo know thy joy,
Ero it padses, barefoot boy!
lEtetlniiwirs:
“ACCIDESTSv”
Jt®“Tho New York Herald says the name
of the “ loyal” pardon broker who received
$5OO for getting the Presidential signature
to a pardon was Hon. Thomas Corwin.
K 7" The Sharp’s- rifle factory, at Hartford,
Conn., was, entirely closed on Saturday
night, for the first time sipco it has been in
operation'.
ttf Oar Devil has got the bluest
“OUR COUNTRY—MAT IT ALWAYS BE RIGHT—BUT RIGHT OR V RONG OUR COUNTRY."
MAMMOTH TREES.
Enormous as those fir trees are, however,
they are still surpassed by tho red wood and
mommoth tree, two allied species, whose di
menfeiens task the imagination to realize,—
The former is foundin considerable quanti
ties throughout Culiramia. Speaking of it,
Douglas says: “ Tlio great beauty of Califor
nia vegetation in a species ofTaxodium which
gives tho mountains a most "peculiar—l was
almost going to say awful—appearance, some
thing which plainly tells us wo are not ip Eu
rope.” And it would appear that this sol
emn character has reigned over the land
scape, not merely for thousands of years,
(the rings of annual growth in one treo, where
they were counted, proved upwards of twelve
hundred years,) but far back into the dim
abyss of time, before even' the wandering sa
vage passed under its shade, down in the ter
tiary deposits. M. Lescpiereux has identified
this tree among the fossil remains of the ter
tiary strata in Yanoouver’s Island.
The mammoth tree or Wellingtonia gigan
tea is still largertban its ocusin'tbe red Wood.
The average dimensions of a full grown- tree
are about three hundred feet in height and
ninety feet in circumference, bat Dora Rich
ard Grosveoorsaw one four hundred and fifty,
feet high and one hundred and sixteen feet in
circumference. The portion of the bark of
one of these trees set up in the Crystal Pal
ace has familiarized Englishmen with the
general appearance of its stem; the bark is
of great thickness and strength, a property
which is essential to the existence of the tree,
far the timber is so soft and brittle that, but
for tbe bark supporting it, it would be brok
en across by tlie-wind.
Tho following account of on expedition, by
Mr. Patrick Black, to procure seeds of if, il
lustrates this as well as some other points of
interest. The.species is only known to exist
in three localities, one at Calaveros, (tho
grove first discovered,) whence the specimen
in tbe Crystal Palace was obtained, and where
ninety-two trees still remain ; another ot Ma
riposa, which contains about four hundred
trees ; and a third in Fresno county, the trees
in which amount to about six hundred. The
grove selected by Mr. Black for his opera
tions was tho Mariposa grove:
“ Well supplied with ammunition, (for the
seeds weie to be obtained by shooting down
the cones, which are about the' size of wal
nuts, and cannot be reached in any other
way,) he took his departure for the Mariposa
grove, which is a long way in the outer world,
not that it is without its own inhabitants, its
own hotel, (kept by an old hunter,).nay, even
its own authorities, as Mr. Black had like to
find to his cost. lie took np his quarters
with tbe old hunter, who may rather be said
to have kept open bouse than a hotel, as the
sky was the only roof he had, a roof nppa
rently not yet being considered essential to
the comforts of a hotel in these parts, altho’
one might have thought that it would, seeing
that tho forest is six thousand feet above the
level of the sea, and there was frost every
night'while Mr. Black was there. He visited
the grove daily, shooting down a cone or two.
to see that they were ripe, before beginning
to make.his collection.- He soon found, hqw-
ever, that it would take a battery of ammu
nition and an army of sharpshooters to make
even a moderate collection of seeds. The
seed is exceedingly small, a mere scale, so
that the product ol a whole week’s shooting
might be held in one’s waistcoat pocket. Mr.
Black soon tired of this, and seeing one or
two trees of less size than the others, and be
ing apparently a man of a Jogioal turn of
mind, came to the conclusion, first, that if
Would be easier to fill his wallet by cutting
down n tree than by shouting down the cones:
second, that it could bo done ; and, lastly, as
it could be done it should bo done ; so boldly
putting behind him the fear of the anathe
mas of the Now York Courier and of the Gar
dener’s Chronicle, ari well as the nearer tor
ror of the local authorities, at once, with the
assistance of his best and two Frenchmen,
(that the three most civilized nations in
the world might all be represented in the
perpetration of the sacrilegious deed,) pro
oeeded to put hie intent into execution. They
first selected the, smallest tree which they
could find in the grove; it was twenty-four
foot in circumference and took Black and the
hunter three days’ hard work to level with
the ground, one cutting on each side of-the
tree. Increase of appetite growing by what
it fed on, another and another shared the
same fate, until they had actually out down
four of these magnificent trees, the last ami
largest being forty-two feet in circumference,
which took a week to cut ond fell before the
two Frenchmen j not, however, before the
echoes of their axes reached the ears of Jinigo
Lynch, who soon stopped the fun, and, in
simple but unroistnkeablo language, gave
him to understand that it would be ‘ danger
ous’ to try it again. In other words, the nif
thorities interfered, and although they did
not lynch Pat, (which would not have set the
tree’s up again,) they told him that they
would it he cut down any more. He found
the wood exceedingly soft and brittle,' so
much so that one of the trees in falling
snapped in three places before it reached the
ground, carrying away whole grfrves of silver
firs and pine before it.- ,Bift the bark was
correspondingly tough, and Mr. Black and
his friends found it a great deal worse to cat
through than the wood —this being one ol
those beautiful compensative arrangements
which we frequently meet with, in the mech
anism of nature.” —Edinburgh Jievtew,
A Snake Sroar.—Mr. M. is very much ij.
the habit of ‘ drawing the long bow.’ One
of his stories is as follows:
‘Did you ever seeone of these hoop-snakes ?’
‘ No,’ says the listener ; tl didn’t think
there was any such things/
‘ Oh, yea 1’ says Mr. M., ‘ I’ve seen one.—
Me and my hired roirn was down there in the
home lot, by the side of the road, and we
seen something rolling down the hill, and
says I, ‘ I guess that ere must be one of
.them hoop snakes coming along.’ My hired
man he was nfeard and climbed up a tree ;
but I took my hoe in my hand, and went out
and stood side of a tree in the road, and when
he came along i stack oat the hoe handle,
and he hit it a slap, and. made a noise jest
like a pistol; and, sirj it warn’t mor’n a min
ute alter that are hoe-handle was swelled up
as big os my leg 1 ‘
0”ln 1832 William H. Johns, a Welsh
miner, came to this country ,and worked at
his trade in Pennsylvania. Succeeding well
he bought some mining property there, and
after a long career of business prosperity
died lost week, leaving an estate valued at
$2,000,000. During the past three years his
inhume amounted to $6-14.863. He had late
ly given- $5,000' towards building a new'
Methodist church in Pottsville, Ho leaves
five children to inherit his wealth.
[CT" The, following is o' copy of a letter re
ceived by a village schoolmaster: “Sur,
as you are a man of 'college; 1 intend to-inter
my eon- in your skull/*
CARLISLE, PA.,THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 14, 1865.
Cheeking perspiration—-Fads WIiUl
body Ought to Enow.
Edward Everett booamo^ovorhoate-
tifying in a court-room, wont to K
Hall, whioh was cold, sat in a draft!
until his turn came to speak:'bi
hands and feet were iob, my Inn
lire. In this condition I had to
spend three hours in tho court room,
died in less than a week from thus ohi
the perspiration. It was enough to k
man.
Professor Mitchell, while in a state )f per
spiration in yellow fever, the certain ign of
recovery, left his-bed, went into npother
room, beqnmo chilled in a moment, ana died
the same night. _ |
If, while perspiring, or while warm'ef than
usual from exercise or heated room, there is
a sudden exposure.to still, cold air, damp nt
mosphora„or to a draught, whether at an op
en window or door, or street corner the inev
itable result is a violent and instantaneous
closing of tho pores of the skin, by which
waste and impure matter, whioh were mak
ing their way out of the system, are compel
led to seek an exit through some weaker
part. The. idea is presented by saying that
the cold had settled in that part. To illus
troto:
A lady was about getting into a small hoot
to cross the Delaware; but wishing first to
get an orange at a fruit stand, she ran up the
banks of tho river, end on'her return to the
boat found herself much-heated, for it wm.
summer ; but there was a little wind on
water ond her clothes soon felt cold, whiati"
settled on her lungs, and within tho year she
died of consumption,
A strong man was working in a garden in
May, feeling rather tired about noon he sat.
down in the shade of the house and fell
asleep; ho woke up chilly : inflamation of
the lungs followed, ending, after- two years
of great suffering, in consumption. On op
ening his chest there was such on extensive
decay, that (he .yellow matter was scooped
out by the cupful. ■
A Boston ship owner, while on the deck of
one of bis vessels, thought ho would lend a
hand in some emergency, and pulling off his
coat .worked with a will, until he perspired
freely, when he eat to rest awhile, enjoying
the delicious breeze from the sen. On at
tempting to rise he found himself Unable,
and. was so stiff in his joints that he had to
be carried home and put to bed, which he
did not leave until'tho ond of two months,
whoa he was barely able to hobble down to
the wharf on crutches.
A lady, after being unusually busy all day
found-herself heated and tired towards sun
down of a summer’s day. She concluded to
take a drive to town in an open vehicle. The
ride made her Uncomfortably cool, but she
warmed herself up by an hour's shopping,
when she turned homeward; it being late in
the evening she found herself more decidedly
chilly than before. At midnight she had
pneumonia (iuflamatioo of the lungs,) and in
three months she had the ordinary symptoms
of confirmed consumption,
A lady of great energy of character lost
her cook, and had to take her place for four
days; the UVtchen was wafrvrand
a draught of air through it. When the work
was done, she, warm and weary, went to her
chamber and laid on the bed to rest.—
This act was repeated several times. On the
fifth day she had an attack of long fever; at
the end of six months she was barely able to
leave her chamber, only to find herself suf
fering with all the prominent symptoms of
confirmed consumption, such as quick pulse,
night and morning cough, night sweats, de
bility, short breath and falling away.
A young lady rose from her bed on a No
vember night, and leaned, her arm on (the
cold window sill, to listen to a serenade.—
Next morning she had pneumonia, lindlsuf
fered the honors of asthma for the remainder
of a long life.
Multitudes of women lose health and life
every year, in one or hiore ways, by busying
themselves in a warm kitchen until weary,
and then, throwing themselves on a bod or
sofa, wfthout covering and perhaps in & room
without fire ; or by removing the outer clo
thing, and perhaps change the dress for a
common one, as soon as they entered the
muse after a walk or o shopping. The rule
should be invariably to go at once into a
warm room and keep on all the clothing for
at least five or ten minutes, until the fore
head is perfectly dry. In all weathers, if
you hav£ to walk and ride on any occasion,
do the riding first. —HalVs Journal,
The Tree of Life, and What Came of it.
That very good paper for antiquarian lit
erature as well as architecture, the Builder,
has got together the following legend of the
Tree of Knowledge:
The angel guarding the portals of ; Para
dise gave three pips of the tree fro'm which
Adam and Eve had eaten to Seth, who plac
ed them under his father’s tongue when* he
buried himin the yalley of Hebron. .They
sprang up into three saplings, which, ,by;the
time of Moses, had united and, become one.
It wss with that t) e struck the rock, &o.—
David also possessed this tree, and, after
having performed many wonders with it,
planted it in his garden in Jeresalem. Sol
omon, finding it large and strong, had it out
dawn for one of the beams of the Temple, but
the workmen were unable to make it fit in
anywhere.
It was untimely thrown into a pond, when
it rose to the surface and formed a bridge.- •
When the Queen of ‘Sheba saw it she told
Solomon that One would bang on it who
would be the Savior of Adam and all his pos
terity, which caused him to 1 bore it overlaid
with gold and silver and placed over the door
of the Temple, that all who entered might
; bless it. Behoboam, however, stole it fur the
sake of the gold and sitter, and buried it out
of sight. But a well was dug many years
afterward just over the spot, and up came
the beam to the surface of the water. . This
was the pool of Bethesda. As it floated there
it was siezed by the Jews and fashioned into
, the cross upon which the Lord was nailed.
Jefferson’s Decalogue of Canons rbß
Practical Life. —Here they are : *
1, Never put off till to-morrow what you
can do to-doy
•; 2. Never trouble another for what you con
do yourself.-
3. Never spend your money before you
have it.
4. Never buy what, you do not want bo
: cause if is cheap it WiH bC dear to'Von.
5. Pride costs us more than hunger, thirst,
apd cold.
6. We never repent of having eaten too
little. .... ~ , ,
7. frothing iff trouhlOironio that rto do'wil
lingly-
8. How much pain have the evils which
have, never happened, cost us.- ,
tf. 'fake things alwhya by their smooth
handle.
10. When angry, - count ten before you
spent; |f very angry, a hundred.
SPEECH OF
Eterf-
HON. GEORGE H. PENDLETON,
IN TUB OHIO STATE COhIIntION.
iin tpa
inneuil
;of air
it my
i;s on
and
’ He
eking
U any
Mr. Pendleton said he would qpt detain
the convention long ; that this was not the
time nor the place for much speaking ; that
ho would not enter into details nor discuss at
length the topics which appropriately belong
to this campaign. lie congratulated the con
vention that at length grim visaged war had
smoothed his wrinkled front, and the ques
tions now to be considered belonged to the,
domain of argument and not arms. Ho con
gratulated the country that the Democratic
party still lives in all its vigor, to confront
these questions; and to put their to
the orubical test of thoaO principles by which
■it so long and ,so safely and so prosperously
administered tfie government. -
“ The Eiem’noratic party is dead,” say our
opponents. Let them look here upon us this
day and believe that in numbers, at least, it
iis formidable. Let them look into the histo
ry of parties and the philosophy of the gov
ernment,, aqd if they answer "honestly, they
must say that so long as a free government
shall last, ithere must bo, there will be, a
party asserting our principles, advocating our
policy and probably bearing our name. The
war is over. , Its avowed object of breaking
the military power of the South is accom
plished. The surrender of Lee confirmed it.
The capitulation of every armed toroe be
tween the (Potomac and the Rio Grande rati
■fled it. The march of Sherman to Washing
ton, the review of the armies and the muster
ing out of regiments and brigades, and di
visions . and corps l established it. And yet
here and ■ there, and especially now, when
■the exigency of elections requires the exer
cise of arbitrary power or the support of ex
treme positions, we hoar from some ex-Major
General, who wants an office, or shoddy con
tractor, whose maw is not yet filled, or fa
natic, who wonts more power, that the war
is notoveryet. Why not? Has not the Fed
eral power bean astahllahod ? Have not the
Constitution and tire laws been asserted over
the seceded States ? .On the22d day of July,
1861, the Republican party, in Congress de
clared “ that the war is waged to defend and
maintain the supremacy of the Constitution,
and to preserve the,Union, with all the dig
nity, equality and rights of .the several States
unimpaired.” Was this true? Then the
objects of the war are accomplished, its pur
poses are attained, and all that belongs to a
state of war should cease. We cannot be de
ceived. it is a false pretext to cover over
illegitimate ends. It seeks a for the
use of usurped power. Courts martial, mili
tary commissions, suspension of hebeas corpus
suppression'of newspapers, interference with
irco speech mid free elections these hnve been
the fashions for years past. When we re
monstrated, we were told they were the nec
essary incidents of a state of war, and aids
to tho war making power; that when the
war ceased they would cease. Then they
were maintained to support them.
Tho war is at an end. Many of its effects
can never be erased. The furrows
"wiiiblrtt - lmB“lßft~iTroiir-sociol-and-govern
mental system can never be smoothed over,
its influence on the feelings and character of
our people will remain. The relations of
the people and the sections can never be ex
actly restored. Tho questions whioli it has
raised must be settled. The results which it
has brought about must be accepted. Wo
cannot recall the past. ,We cannot undo
what has ‘been done. We cannot re-estab
lish exactly the old order of things; hut we
can be just and true. We can bravely and
•honestly meet new issues, and like wise men,
accepting the unavoidable, yield to accom
plished facts. We can, as nearly as possible
adhere to old landmarks, and thus secure to
ourselves all the blessings of good govern
ment.
“ Let the dead past bury its dead.” Let
us forgot the war except for the_ lessons
which it teaches. Let us banish it as the
memory of a horrid calamity, in which the
innocent and the guilty, the pure and the
wicked, the unfortunate and the undeserving,
the conqueror and the conquered alike suf
fered a common woe. If any would recall to
nourish hatred between the sections, or to
excite the people of cither section against
each other, let his name and his fame be ac
cursed ; let him be anathema mara naiha.
When Mr. Lincoln delivered his inaugural
address, he said : “ Suppose you go to war. 1
After much suffering on both sides, and the
advantage on neither, you will have I he same
questions of intercourse to settle which you
have now.” He was right. Wo have had
war—we have had much suffering—and what
ard the questions remaining? The status of
the negro in the States, and the relation of
the States among- themselves. To a Demo
crat these questions appear easy of solution.
He brings them to the test of the Constitu
tion. The Constitution declares that the
powers ” not delegated are reserved.” It al
go defined the relations of the States. No
power had been given, to the Federal Gover
nment or aiiy of its departments to interfere
with the status of the people of the States, or
to change or define the refutiohs of the States
to each other. If the war was waged to
maintain the supremacy of the Constitution,
surely the .success of the war and the attain
ment of peiitee should not be made the occa
sion of impairing it. These questions must
be left with the Stales themselves.
If the war wos for another purpose; if
Black Republicanism was all a lie; if coer
cion was a base pretext, and armed reyolu
: tion was the real design, we confront anoth
er question What ought to be,- not-what is
the Constitution ? And to this question we
are being brought. Mon high ip authority
propound it to U's. I see that s citizen of our
own State, now on the stump, an aspiring
man, announces that he will never consent
to the admission' to Congress of Representa
tives and Senators from Southern States, un
til they Shall, by their vote's, have adopted
the pending amendment to the Constitution,
and another, changing the rule of represen
tation,- until they shall have shown by their
aptitude for free goveriWffebt, as he mroking
ly terms it, by the faoilty with which they
can put their hands on their mouth and their
.mouths in the.dust; and. like' fawning sydb
pbants, degrade thepselvdS by base servility.
1 am in favor of no change in' the Consti
tution. , I would leave the question of suf
frage to the States, because the Constitution
leaves it there - . I would recognize the right
of the Southern States to their old position in
the Federal system, instantly, without delay
without experiment, without condition,-save
only that they acknowledge the supremacy
of the Constitution, and admit its provisions
to be the binding rule uf-the State and Fed
eral action ;■ and this because, the Constitu
tion creates a confederation' of equal States.
■ Two theories have alone prevailed in this
Government from the beginning. One party
, denied the' right of secession; the other pn|T
ty nSaintained it. Both agreed that if the
ordinance of secession were invalid, it was
utterly void, inoperative for all purposes, in
effective upon either the people or tho terri
tory, either in their relations to tho Federal
or tho State Government. They also agreed
that if it were valid, it severed tho tie which
hound the State to tho Union. Tho State re
sumed, the delegated powers and became
again wholly independent; ns it had been
wholly sovereign. They both ngreed that
tho States were sovereign were independent
—except in so far ns they had consented to
bo bound by the Constitution; and that
whenever they recognized the nower of the
Federal Government as defined by the Con
stitution, they had performed their whole
Federal obligation, and that in no event wore
they subject to control or interference with
the organization of their local government or
tho management of their domestic policy.—
Tho one party, however,_olnimed that when
they denied the Federal power, ond obstruc
ted its .operation, armed coercion might bo
used to compel obedience to its lawful re
quirements. This was the extreme doctrine
of the Federalists—this was tho theory of
who called themselves the friends of the
government. This was the theory on whioh
tho war was commenced. This was the the-
ory of coercion. This Was the theory of Mr.
Lincoln, when ho said that alter a war tho
same questions would exist as before. This
was the theory of the Crittenden resolution,
and the Republican party in Congress.
This was the theory of General Sherman
when he entered into his.truce with General
Johnson. And ho said rightly, that its ob
servance would bring peaco from the Poto
mac to tho Rio Grande—a veritable peace a
pacification. Resistance to Federal authori
ty would have censed, armed forces would
have been dispersed, arms and forts would
have been given up, the Federal laws would
have been executed. On the other hand, the
State Governments would have been left in-
.tact, the functions of civil society would have
been unimpeded, tho civil law would have
been administered by ordinary tribunals, the
ordinances of secession would have been re-
pealed or treated as' nullities, the Federal
Government and Stale Governments would,
by this time, have revolved harmoniously in
their respective orbits, and then to the States
would bo left, ns they properly beldng, tho
questions of negro suffrage and new consti
tutions, and the relations of labor. I think
General Sherman proved himself oven more
wise in negotiation than formidable in war,
and that his statesmanship, move than his
arms would have maintained tho Union.
But in these latter days a new theory has
sprung into being. It is the offspring of
more than yankee ingenuity, stimulated by
more than yankee fanaticism. It holds that
acts secession are both valid ami invalid—
valid to destroy the State, to dost. Oy
the Union. The State of Virginia ndoptel
and ratiiicd the Constitution, not as pult of
the people of the United States,s|ot as a ma
jority of the people of Virginia, but in her
capacity as a sovereign State, regulating her
relations to other sovereigns. The oi l .con
federation had been practically dissolved, the
new one had not been formed. Virginia was
absolutely sovereign, and, ns such, gave her
parent to the Federal Constitution. By that
act she became a member of the Union. By
'thnt act alone—hv her command alone—her
citizens owe obedience to the Federal Gov
ernment. Virginia repeals that ac tof ratin
cation, and thereby endeavors to secede from
the Union, and to release herself from Feder
al obligations, and her citizens from obedi
ence to Federal law.
These gentlemen aver that the act of re
peal docs not dissolve the the tie which binds
the, territory, the Union, but does destroy its
State Government; does dissolve it ns a po
litical community ; does absolve the Federal
Government from all,duties, and docs confer
upon it all powers of management and con
trol. I will not soy that the gentlemen do
not themselves believe this doctrine but I
will say that if they can maintain it, the war
was not for the Union, but for conquest, and
the result is then, the South is subjugated,
not to the constitution, but to the wlil of the
North. And then it follows that the imposi
tion of negro suffrage, of new constitutions,
of amendments to the Federal Constitution,
the restoration of civil law, or the continu
ance of military rule are questions of policy,
not power, and to this position do these gen
tleman, most of all things, desire to reduce
them.
Midway between these positions is the.tho
ory adopted by tlie Administration, or per
haps, I ought to say by President Johnson.
He believes that the question of suffrage be
longs to the States. Ho believes the ordi
nances of secession were invalid for every
purpose—-utterly void; —that they dj not af
fect either the'territory or the people, or the
State Government, bat that the officers of
the State Governments, in resorting to war
became usurpers, and by force, and in fraud,
uorverted the powers of the - State to illegal
Unde; that their aciff, so far da executed,are
utterly void. This usurpation sopplantol
the legitimatogovornraents vthich tiff dormant
imperative now, but entitled to all the pow
ers and rights of the States, when the mar
nation displaced them. lienee ho dfifioiats
Provisional to set tho old machine
in motion and seek a pivotal-point on which
its revolution shall commence.
I wish the President had gone further.—
He would have done better if he had accep
ted Shormim’e truce, lie would havo dune
better if, when he received the submission of
armed forces, he had recognized the legiti
mate powers of organized State Governments.
But he hoe done well in this, that he recog
nizes the powers of thC'States Over the ques
tion of sffffrage ; that he appoints ns Provis
ional Governor the citizens of the States, and
not supefserviceablo patriots from Ohio or
Massachusetts—that hd desires the States to
resume their relations to the Federal Gov
ernment as BQOn as possible and to be' repre
sented in- both houses of Congress—and on
these points I desire fo' give him a cordial
and hearty approval
Tho first desire ot every patrlpt now is the
pacification of the country, the return to.thff
ways dtfties aiVd prosperities ot peace; and
this can moat speedily and only be acoom
pliahed by securing to thepeopleof the south
self government.in their States, and their ap
propriate influence' in the Government o [ the.
Union. The Constitution will do_ this. It
need only be observed, - Its provisions uro
uH-suffioient. It needs no Amendment.—
Wise men made it; good men administered
it for eeventv years ; peace and prosperity at
tended it. "It will Wing again anion and
freedom and prosperity. It secures the rights ]
of tho States at homo, It secures the just
rights of the Federal Government.. It secures,
the liberty i f the oitiz'eri. If the President
will fairly administer it; if he will mate an
lionest effort to applv its provisions ; if he
will remember that the pnworsjftf the Feder
,al Government arc ill delegated, and
the are dll reserved; that trial by j ur y»
free Bpeeoh, free press are to b 6 held invio
lato ; that military commißiionß for tho trial
of civilians, arc absolutely prohibited, I,[for
one, believe it to bo ray hightcst duty to giyo
him a warm support.' If ho will not go so
far, I will support him where he is right, and
as earnestly condemn him when he is wrong.
The party which has,not been diverted intho
midst of the terrors of the past four years
from its steady support of the rights of the
States and the rights of the people cannot bo
seduced by hopes of power, nor driyon by
fear of. consequences to abandon that position
now. It demands nothing which is hot pre
scribed in the Constitution j it will bo Satis
fied with nothing less ; it will bo unselfish
and earnest in its support; it will bo deter
mined, and active in its opposition ; it rises
above party aims ; it banishes party aspira
tions ; it will bo true to him whoever ho may
be who will bo true to tho constitution and
the country.
The questions now in controversy touch
the very organization of the Federal Govern
moct. They revive the old theories of con
federation and Consolidation. They are hid
den under spuriobs and deceptive names
Reconstruction, ns oub opponents use tho
word, means not restoration of tho Union, but
reconstruction of tho.Co.nstitution ; change in
tho frame-work of tho government, and every
change proposed is in diminution of the
State, and aggrandizement of the Federal
Government. Delay in reconstruction means
thnt military governments are to be used to
effect them. The tendency of war is to Con
solidation. AVe mdst resist it. It will lead
todespotism,local aolf-goVetnment, tho rights
of the States confederation. Those are tha
only hope of liberty. Our fathers saw' this,
and they formed confederation. In few and
simple words, they established the test of all
questions. " All powers not delegated are
reserved.” Lotus bring all to this test.—
Let ns solve them by it and ns fur as human
wisdom can effebt.it,-Wo escape all dangers.
Shall wo change that tost now 1 Shall we
destroy tho States? Shall wo impair their
powers ? Are wu wiser, more patriotic, mora
honest than our forefathers ? Itfo. Lot us
restore tho Government as they made it.—
They, gave us a blessing; lot us beware that
we do not make it a curse, ,
The speech Wits Warmly received and elic
ited throughout marked attention and great
applause.
PiiiLosoi'iiEris At a Beer Gaiuies.—Pro*-
feasor Thiersch, has long stood nearly at the
bead of the classical scholars in Gormnpy.—
He was especially interesting to rao, because
I tirst gained a radical knowledge of tha
Greek verb; as long ago as 1822, by studying
a work of his which my teacher, Mr. Simeon
Putnam, accidentally possessed. He was notr
at home when I culled, but in the course of
the afternoon bo camo to our lodgings and
called on mo. He is a gray-headed old gen
tleman, and always walks.with a chno, and
accompanied by a dog. Ho speaks English
a very little. He invited mo to walk wife
him to a “bier keller,” where he would in
troduce mo to tho principal celebrities of
Munich.
I forgot the name of tho keller, but Agas
siz will doubtless remember it, as he must
have toon there many a time. It lies at some’
distance outside the city, on the hill, which
is hollowed out for beer barrels. The but
laco is occupied by a house and garden, with
trees. Under the trees are arranged plain
wooden tables and benches to match. A band
of musicians is in attendance, and, as tho
evening comes on, tho whole is lighted with
candles. Tho extensive gardens are rapidly
Idled with all sorts of people—students, cit
izens With their wives-and daughters, profes
sors, lawyers, and so on. The teller furn
ishes absolutely nothing but Bavarian beer,
aud black bread, fur which each person pays'
six groshen, or about four or live cents. If -
he wants anything else, ho must bring it
witlvhim.
Arriving at the place, Professor' Thiersch
conducted me through tho tables,- the occu
pants of which saluted him with the greatest
respect as we passed along, until he found
the one ho was in search of. There was sit
ting Steub, tho author of an admirable work
on Greece'. Fullmorayer, tho author of a
great work on the, Slavonian immigration
linto Greece ; Mailer, the first. Orientalist in
Germany ; and four or five other gentlemen,
whoso names are classical in tho literatnro
1 of the ago, sitting on a rough bench, at a ta-
ble of black and weather-worn plunk, each
with a pot of beer aud a slico of broad as
daek as the table.
An eminent jurist, whose opinions are law
over half tho civilized world, hail brought in
his pocket a slice of ham, wrapped up in n
piece uf newspaper, which lity before him,
and added something substantial to his en
tertainment.
Ho cut it up with a jack-knife', and laid the
bits on the black broad. Professor Thiersch
called the damsel in attendance, ordered two
pots of beer, and two slices of black bread,
and wo joined tho 'learned' revels of tho com
pany. I never met a more intelligent, genial,
and pleasant circle ; and for the sake OT their
delightful conversation I readily drank tho
beer aud ate the bread, which, without such
a seasoning, I should have found it impossi
. bio to worry down.- It was a most curious
and characteristic scene, and I have describ
ed it partly for Agassiz with whom I wish
you would talk about it. I think ho will
recognize the fidelity of the picture. At ths
end of tho evening wo returned, and Profea
-1 sor Thiersch invited me' to his house, llis
family was seated at a tea table in tho gar-
wife, two daughters, and a sister;
and, as 1 had Pot Supped very heartily at
the “ bier kellor/’ I had no objections to a
nice cup of tea and a sandwich.- -Professor
j Felton’s Letter from: Munich, 1854.
(£/” A sporting young Indy says. “If the
course of true love' never ran smooth,’ why
don’t they Water it regularly until they got
the course so smooth that u dunkey could
ruq upon it?”
03> A contraband in Washington being
asked the other day how ho liked freedom,
said, 0, berry well, but must hah de right
•f sufferage ’fore I'so rea l satisfied.”
O” If it was not good for Adam to Hv9
single when there was only one woman' OM
earth, how very criminally guilty aro old
bachelors', with the woi'ld full of pretty girls.
C7* Works of Art of the yalae of ’morn
than $445,000 were exported Irom Romo ia
1804.-
33?” A curious inquirer, desirous to know
how he looked when asleep, eat with closed
eyes before a mirror*
33?” One of twin brothers dieda fellow*
meeting the survivor, asked, ‘ which is it
that’s dead, you or your brother V
(£7” Many of the slaves used to abuse slap
very, and now they abuse their freedom*
NO. 13.