If ‘l'*' ' ' ' 1 *'* . ' ■ - "\- J . - «•-■*■ ' ' gr~T ■ ■"■■■■■ --■■■ ' - ■• - ' - ■ ', ■■,■,.,■■• '■■ ■— ■■‘■'■'■■: - p**’ uis- .ulOf .rill- V .* tW'*' Tli rutr .ids. T ' „curjip* tOL. 49. AMERICAN VOLUNTEER PUBUSHED EVEIIV TUOnSDAY HOKMINO BY JOHN iCE. BRATTON. TERMS SußßoWllttort;—Two Dollars if paid within the :rcarj.R®d Tw.9 ’Dollars and Fifty'6onts, if not paid ’Within .the y’o'tvr. Those ternara will bo rigidly ad jured instance. No subscription dis continued until all arrearages are paid unless at the option‘of the Editor. . ADVBnTf^ExruNTS—Accompanied by the cash, and lot; exceeding qno ; square, will;,.bo inserted three pw.es for Oho Doling and twbnty-fivoconta for each additional insertion. Those bf a greater length in proportion. ; ; - ■ Job-Printing—Such ns Hand-hills, Posting-bills, Pamphlets, Blanks, Labels, executed with Bcuraoy and at'the shortos .notice. [From -tho York Caucasian.] WHAT ARMING NEGROES HAS DONE, THE MISTOKY - or van . ' SAN -DOMINGO MASSACRE, DY LOOI3.SOUADE, OP lOWA.* Causes Which Led to ihe Massacre of the Whiles in St. Domingo. _ - It Ims generally been Oonccdedhy all his torians that theonslavedpegroesin theFrenoh part of St. Domingo, on the whole,, were . treated with .groat leniency and indulgence. It has never been denied that the conduct 'to wards them was in general similar to that of the masters towards the slaves in the United States. It was hot the atrohg and irresista hle impulsa.of human nature, groaning un der.oppression, that ■excited the negroes of Hayti to plungc thcir daggers into the bosoms of unoffending women and helpless infants, they wero driven into those excesses—reluc tantly driven—by the wild machinations of men calling themselves philosophers, whose pretences to philanthropy ware a gross mock ery of human reasons, as their conduct was an outrage, on . all the feelings of' pur na ture, andtho ties which hold society! togeth er. Like those at Harper’s Ferry, 'the slaves refused to join in the.rebellion against their masters, until their African savage feelings, their cruel propensities, were amused,by the free mulattoos. It will be incohiroveriiblg proved that the rebellion of the negroes , in St, Domingo, aiidlhe insurrection ofihemulattoes, were causes, by •the.hxry s.nne means and agen cies which a'-e now employed'by, our Northern fanatics, and the Republican parly in general, against ihe Southern States. Ihe Amis Dcs Noirs and the Old Jewry. . “There prevailed,” says Mr. Edwards,f •‘U at tliC*- .cunlincnremnnt 'of the French Eevpintlon.'. throughput the cities of France, a very strong and marked prejudice against ■the inhabitants of. the Sugar Islands, on account of. the slavery of their, negroes. It was not indeed supposed, nor even pretended, that the condition of this people was worse at this juncture' than in any former period the' Contrary was known to bo truth. But decla mations in support of personal freedom and invectives against despotism of all kinds, had ■boon the favorite topics of many eminent French writers for a scries of years j and the public indignation was? now-, artfully raised against the planters of the West Indies. The spirit.of hostility against the inhabitants of the French colonies was industriously fo mented and aggravated by two associations, namely, the British Association for the Abo lition of the Slave Trade, Which held its mootings in the Old Jewry in London, and the society called Les Ames Dcs Noirs, (Friends of'the Blacks), in Paris. The 'Beechers, Choosers, and Sumners of that Day. “ I have observed that the society in Lon don 1 'professed to have nothing more in view than to obtain an act of tho Legislature for. prohibiting tile further introduction of Afri can slaves into the British Colonies. I. have said that-they “ disclaimed all intention of interfering with ihe government and condition of ihe. negroes already in the ' plantations.; publicly declaring their opinion to be, that,a general emancipation of these people, in their present state of ignorance and barbarity, 'in stead.,of a blessing, would prove to them the source of misfortune and misery,” But al though such . wore their ostensible declara tions as a public body, the leading members of the .society, in the same moment, held a very different language ; and oven tho society itself (acting ns such) pursued aline of conduct directly and .immediately repug nant to their own professions. Besides using every possible endeavor to inflame the public of Great Britain against the planters, they distributed, at a prodigious expense, through out the colonies, tracts and pamphlets with out number, the direct tendency of which was to render the white inhabitants odious and contemptible in the eyes -of their own slaves, and excite in the latter such ideas of their natural rights and equality of condition 'as should lead them to. a general struggle for freedom through rebellion andbioodslled. In many of those writings arguments are ex pressly adduced, in language which cannot he misunderstood, to urge the negroes to rise jip and murder their masters without mercy. Insistence," say they, “ is always justifia ble where’force is the substitute of right; nor.is the ci mlnission of a'single.crime possi ble in a state of slavery.” ! I These senti ments ni-o repeated in'a thousand different forms, and in order that they might not lose ’their effect by abstract reasoning, a reverend yivineof the Church of England, in a pamph let addf-easod to a chairman of the society, hours forth the .most earnest prayers in the most undisguised expressions, “ that the ne (po would destroy all tho’white people—men, ponien and children—in the West .Indies, should we;not," bo exclaims, “ approve their conduct in their violence ? Should we not crown it with oulogium, if they exterrmnafe their tyrants with fire and sword. Should ‘hey even deliberately inflict the most exqidsi “ve tortures on those tyrants, would they not be deniable in the moral judgment of those who properly value thoso inestimable' blessings— rational and religious liberty.” .aWo perceive that Beechers, CheevCrs and tim" i i PMHipsce wore not wanting at that ? ‘ How similar aro their expressions t criinst slavery 1 How anxious and eager aro :'y~. lllBo .pious ministers of the Gospel—to i ‘{!’ spite’ of tliose dismal hiatoriul facts; ehellipn of our negroes I by taken from a Pamphlet issued ■ki.'" 3 writer, In 1800. TBoi 1 Awards, throe volumes, published in friu gff “ -witness of the Revolution of St. Do- Their 'Pamphlets, Lectures, Etc. . “ Besides distributing pamphlets of this 'poc&plei'tip&j grafts it the doors of all the; ‘churches and places of Worship in tho Kihg -36m, (England), and throughout the colonies, th : 6 society, or persons in their name, caused a medal to bo struck, containing the figure of a naked- negro, loaded with chains, and in the attitude of imploring mercy; thou sands of whiohialso wore dispersed among the negroes, in each of the sugar islands, for the instruction, I presume, of such of them ns could not read. But this instance of pro vident caution was hardly requisite ; for So many negro domestics return annually from Europe to the West Indies, as constantly furnish a sufiicient number of living instruc tors ; and certain it is (I 'pronounce it from my own knowledge respecting Jamaica) that the labors of the society on their behalf as well as. many of the most violent speeches in the British Parliament, wherein the whole body of ■planters were painted as a herd of blood-thirs ty • and remorseless tyrants, were explained to the negro slaves in terms yrell adapted to their capacities, and suited, ns might have beeni supposed, to their feelings. It will be difficult to sdy what measures the Old Jewry ■associates could have taken to excite d rebel •lion, except that of furnishing the objects of Emir solicitude with firearms and ammuni tion. For general information,' it may be well to state here, that at that time the total num ber of whites amounted to about 30,009 ; that of the free colored people, or mulattoea t024,- 000; andfihat of’the negro slaves to 480,000 —about sixteen dolored persons to one white man. .., ■, . The Trench Declaration of Rights. . “ As already mentioned, a considerable body of the raulattoes from St. Domingo and the Other- French islands, were resident, at this juncture, in the French Capitol. Some of these were young people, sent thither for education ; ptheas.were men of considerable property. ■ With, theso .people, -the' society at-Amis Dcs Noirs formed ah intimate con nection, pointed oq,t to them the wretched ness of their condition, filled the nation with remonstrances and appeals on their behalf, and,poured out such invectives against the whole planters, as ■ boro away reason and moderation in the torrent. ’ “ In this disposition of the people of Franco towards tho inhabitants of their colonies in the West Indies, the National Assembly voted the celebrated declaration of rights. The General Assembly of St, Domingo Em bark for France. ( The General Assembly of St. Domingo met on the 10th of April, 1700. One of their first measures was to relieve, the people of color from the hardships to which they, were subject under the military jurisdiction. It was decreed that in future no greater duty should be required of them in the militia than from the whites.; and the harsh autho rity,' in particular, which the .King's lieuten ants, majors, and other officers commanding in the towns, exercised over those people (free colored), was declared oppressive and illegal; The Assembly, however, having ex pressed too much spirit of independence, as far as the authority of the mother country Was concerned, Governor Poynier, who was merely waiting, for an opportunity to return to the ancient regime, being h royalist ,at heart, issued a proclamation to dissolve the same. A stop, however, was put to the im mediate shedding of blood, by the sadden and unexpected determination of the Gener al Assembly to undertake a voyage to Franco, and justify their conduct to the King and the National Assembly in person. Accordingly, e ghty - fi v e of the members (of whom sixty four were fathers of families) actually em barked on board the Leopold, and, on the Bth of August, took their departure for Europe—a proceeding which created as much surprise to the Governor and his party, ns admiration and applause among the peo nle-at large. The Raid of James Oge, ((he John Brown of that D'ag.) From the first meeting of-tlio General As sembly of St, Domingo, to its dissolution and dpsporsion, tho colored people (meaning al ways the free colored) remained, on the whole; more peaceable' and orderly than might have been expected. The temperate and lenient disposition manifested by the Assembly towards them produced a beneficial and decisive effect in tho western and south ern provinces ; and, although three hundred of them from those provinces had been per suaded by Col. Manduit to join the forces under his' command, they demanded and obtained their dismission, and returned quiet ly to their respective habitations. (Tho rea der will bear in mind that the 480,000 negro slaves at this time never stirred the 24,000 free colored'people alone composed the unru ly part.) „ ' Such of tho mulatto people, however, ns resided at tlmtjuncture in France, continued in a far more hostile dispostion. Where he , Got Education. “ Among such of these unfortunate people resident in Franco as wore thus inflamed into modness, was a young man, under thirty years of ago, named James Oge. lie was born in St, Domingo, of. a mulatto woman who still possessed a coffee plantation, lie had been introduced to tho meetings of the Amis Des Noirs, under the patronage ofGre goire, Briasot and Robespierre, the loading members of that society, and was by them in itiated into the popular doctrine of equality and the rights of man, Those persona, how ever, had other objects in view. Their aim was, not to reform, but to destroy—to excite convulsions in every part of the’French em pire ; and the ill-fated Ogo became the tool, and was afterwards the victim of their guilty ambition. “ Ho had bean led to believe,” (like John Brown,) “that-.the whole body of colored people in the French islands wore prepared, as one man to rise, up against their masters; that nothing hat a discreet leader was want ing to sot them in notion ; and, fondly con ceiving that he possessed in his own person all. the qualities of an able general, ho deter mined to proceed to St. Domingo by the first opportunity. To cherish the conceits of his own.importance, and animate his exertions, the society procured him the rank of Ijeutan ant-oolpnel in tho army of one of the German electors. Jte Takes Aritts and Ammunition to St. Do- mingo. “ As it wris found difficult to export a suffi cient quantity of arms and nram’unition from Franco without attracting the notice' of the Government, aPd awakening suspicion among the planters resident in the mother country, the society resolved to procure' those articles in tiie United States, and it was recoirimtmd od to : Ogo to make ai circuitous voyage for that purpose. Accordingly, being furnished with money and letters of credit, ho embark ed for New England (I) in the month of July,' 1790. He secretly landed there, from an Ame rican-sloop, on the 12th of October, 1790, and found means to convey undiscovered the arms and ammunition, which ho had pur chased in the United States to the place which his brother had prepared- for their re ception. He Demands Equal Rights for Mulallocs, The notice which the white inhabitants re ceived ‘Oge’s arrival, was from himself. Ho dispatched a letter to the Governor, (Pey riier,) wherein, after approaching the Gover nor and his predecessors with the nbri-execu tion of the code 7ioii\ he demanded, in very imperious terms that the provisions of that celebrated statute should be enforced through out the colony. lie required, also, that the privileges enjoyed by one class of inhabitants (the whites) should be extended to all per sons, without distinction, not including hero in, however, the four hundred and eighty thousand negro slaves, but the free mulattpes, of whdm many were slaveholders themselves, declaring himself the protector of the mulct toes; and announcing his intention of taking up.arms in their behalf unless their wrongs should be redressed. About six weeks bad intervened between the landing of ©go .and the publication of this'mandate, in all which time he and his two brothers had exerted* themselves to the utmost in spreading disaffection and ex citing revolt among the mulattpes. , ■ Oge's Enormities. ■ . He established his camp at a place called Grand Riviere, about fifteen miles from Capo Francois, and appointed his two brothers, together with one Mark Chavane, his lieuten ants. Ghavane was' fierce, (intrepid, active apd enterprising, prone to mischief, and thirsty for vengeance.. Ogo himself, with all his enthusiasm, was naturally mild and hu- mane. Ho cautioned, his followers against the shedding innocent bloqd, hut little regard was paid in this respect. The first white man that fell in their way they murdered on the spot; a second, oft he name of Sieard, met, the same fate ; and it is related that their cruelty towards, such persons'of t'.eirown complexion as refused to join in the revolt was extreme. . A-mulatto man, ofsomo prop erty, being urged to follow them, pointed to his- wife and six children, assigning the largeness of his family as a motive for wish ing to remain quiet. This.conduct was con sidered contumacious, and it is asserted that not only the man himself, but the whole of his family was massacred without mercy. His Failure and his Escape to the Spanis. Intelligence was no aoonenrooeived at the town of Cape Francois of the enormities, than the. inhabitants proceeded, with the ut most vigor and unanimity, to adopt measures for suppressing the.revolt. A body of regu lar troops, and the Capo regiment.of militia, wore forthwith dispatched for that, purpose. They soon invested ■ the camp of Tevolters, who made less resistance than plight have been expected from men in their desperate circumstances. The route became general,- many of them were 'killed, and about sixty of them ; made prisoners; thereat.dispersed themselves in the mountains. Ogo .himself, one of his brothers, anci Chavnne, his associ ate, took refuge in the Spanish territories. Of Oge’s other brother, no intelligence was ever afterward obtained. The Mulattoes Eeconie Troublesome. . . After this unsuccessful attempt of Ogo, and his escape from justice, the disposition of the white inhabitants in- general towards, the mulattoes was sharpened into great animosi ty. The lower classes, in particular, (those whom the colored people call lespelits blancs,) breathed nothing but vengeance against them, and very serious apprehensions wore entertained, in all the parts of the colony, of a proscription uns massacre of the whole body. A Demand for Oge—and his Execution. “.In, November, 1700; Hons. Pcynicr resigned the Government, and embarked for Europe. Tho firstuieasnroof Mons. Blanche lands, the new Commander-in-chief, was to make peremptory demand for Ogo and, his associates from the Spaniards ; 'and the man ner in which it was enforced induced and im mediate compliance therewith. Tho wretch ed Oge, and ids companions in misery, wore delivered over, the latter end ofDocqmher, to a detachment of French troops, and safely' lodged in tho jail of Cape Francois, with tho prisoners previously taken, and a commission was afterwards issued to hring .them to trial. Twenty of Oge’s deluded followers, among them his own brother, wore condemned to ho hanged. To Ogo himself, and his lieutenant, Chavano," a more terrible punishment was allotted ; they were adjudged to.ho broken alive, and left to perish in that dreadful situa tion on the wheel. The bold and hardened Chavnne met his fate with unusual firranoes, and suffered not a groan to escape him during the extremity of his tortures; hot the fortitude of Oge deserted him .altogether. ■ Till now, tho 480,000 negro . slaves had taken no active part. Tho free, colored peo ple, impelled by the French societies, and aiming at equal political rights with tho whites, had alone constituted tho revolutiona ry element.. And even they would have kept quiet, if outside influences, especially those, philanthropical societies, would have permitted them. Besides these, strong efforts were made by tho royalists in the colony" as well ns by the republican party at Paris to incite bloodshed and strife for their particu lar purposes. The Decree of the Eighlh.of March, Thai decree of the Bth of March, 1790, which gave to the. colonies tho right to legis late in their internal affairs, was accompanied by si code of instructions for tho Governor, for its duo and punctual observance and execu tion. Tho code contained, among other things, a direction “ that every porson of the rtge of twenty-five and.upwards, possessing property, oi* having resided two years in tho colony, and paid taxes, should be permitted to vote in the formation of the Colonial As sembly,” Every one of the friends of tho colonies in the Assembly had not tho least doubt that Only white persons wore meant by the phrase of “ every person.” But those instructions’ were no sooner adopted by the National As sembly, and converted into a decree, than its framers and supporters throw off the mask, and tho mulattoes resident in Franco, as well ns the society of Amis Des Noirs, failed not to apprise their friends and agents in St. Do mingo, that tho people of color, not being ex cepted, wore virtually comprised in it. The Decree of May 15 th 1791, Carried. In the beginning of Alay, 1791, tho consid eration of this subject was brought forward by Ahbio Gregorio, and tho claim of tho free mulattoes to tho full benefit of tho instructions of the 28th of March, 1790, and to all the CARLISLE, VA , jtoSDAY, APRIL % 1863. Dominions. rights and privileges , enjoyed by the whole inhabitants, was supported with all the warmth add eloquenoeifor which be was dis tinguished. Unfortunately, at this juncture, the news of tho raiacfiliblb death of Oge ar rived at Paris, nnd'ralsed a storm of indigna tion .’in the all ranks of people, which the plantors iosidont in France wore unable' to resist.;,feverish the colonies," said Robespirre,' “ftttKor than sacrifice one iota of our The majority reiter ated the sentiment, find the famous decree of the Ifitfiof May, 1791,'.was pronounced amid the acclamation and hjjplause of the multi tude. - ' “ Impartial Freedom” for Negroes. By this decree it was declared and enacted, " That the people of color residing in the French colonies, born of free parents, wore entitled to, as of right, iihihshould bo allowed tho enjoyment of, all .tho 1 privileges of French citizens, and, among others, to those of hav ing votes in the choice of representatives,' nnd ot being etegible to seats hof/i in the Paro chial and Colonial Assemblies.” ■ Consequences in St. Domingo of the Decree of the 15th of May. ■ I am now to enter oti the retrospect of scones the horrors of whidh imagination cannot adequately conceive, nor pen describe. The disputes and contests between different class es of French citizens;' and the violences of indignant factions, claim no longer attention. Such a- picture of,'human .misery, such a picture of human miseryfsuob a scene of woe,, presents itself, as no other country, no form er age, has exhibited. (Upwards of one hun dred thousand savage jfeople. habituated to the barbarities of Alriohjiavail 'themselves of tho silence and obscurity of .the night, and fall,on tho peaceful and unsuspioious planters,, like so many famished (tigers, thirsting for human blood. Revolt, .conflagration, nnd massacre, everywhere marked their progress ; and death, in all its horrors, or cruelties, compared to which immediate .death is m.erey, ■await alike the old and,tbb young, the matron, tho virgin, end the helpless infant. No con dition, ago, or sox, is spared. All the shock ing and shameful enormities with,'which tho fierce nnd unbridled ’passions of man have over conducted war, ' prevail uncontrolled. Tho rage of fire consumes what the sword is unable to destroy, nnd iiifi fc\v dismal hours tho most fertile and beautiful plains in the world are converted into one vast field of car cage—a wilderness of desolation 1 First Rebellion of Negro Slaves. The decree of the loth of May was the brand by which' the flames were lighted and the combustibles that jvere prepared set in action. Intelligence having been received ofit at Cape Francois on the 30th of June, no words.can describe the rage and indignation which immediately-spread throughout the colony. Tlie inhabitants now .unanimously determined to reject the civic oath, although groat preparations had' bop made. fo'r goner at federation on the lath July. The nows of this decree manned - 'Tnu.tt dis cordant elements. The national cockade was everywhere trodden tinder foot, and the Governor General, who continued a sorrowful and silent spectator of these excesses, found' his authority aupihilated jo -a moment. The. “ Irrepressible Conflict” Doctrine Carried Out. ■ Justly alarmed at all these proceedings, so hostile towards their pretended rights, and probability apprehensive of, a general pro scription, the niulattoes throughout the colony began to collect in different places in armed bodies ; and the whites, by a mournful fata lity, suffered them to assemble without'mo lestation. Jt is natural that the enslaved iicgroes could not possibly bo unobservant of these combined and concurrent circumstanc es. They behold colored people iii open hostility, against the whites.- They were assured that the. former had the fullest sup port and encouragement from the supremo legislature of the . mother country. They were taught to believe that they also had be come objects of the paternal solicitude of the- King and the National Assembly, who wished to rescue .them from the dominion of their masters, and,invest them with their estates. The. Massacre Commenced. It was on the morning of the 23d of Augusl 1791, just before day, that a general alarm and consternation spread throughout the town df the Cape. The inhabitants were called from their beds by persons who re ported that all the negro slaves in the several neighboring parishes had revolted, and were at,that moment carrying death and desolation over tho adjoining, largo and beautiful plain to tlio northeast.'. The Governor and most of the military officers on duty assembled to gether, but the reports were so confused and contradictory as to gain but little credit. As daylight,began to break, tho sudden arrival, with ghastly countenances, of persons who had with difficulty escaped the massacre, and flown to the town for protection, brought a dreadful confirmation of the fatal tidings. “ Tho rebellion first broke out on a planta- tion called Noe, inthe parish of Acul, nine miles only from tho city. Twelve or fourteen of the ringleaders, about the middle of the night, proceeded to tho refinery, or sugar house, and seized on a young man', tho refin er’s apprentice, dragged him to tho front of tho dwelling house, and there hewed him into.pieces with thoir-outlassos 5 his screams brought out the overseer, whom they instant ly shot. Tho rebels how found their way to tho apartment of the reliner, and massacred him in his bed. A young man lying sick in a neighboring chamber was loft apparently dead of the wounds inflicted by their cutlasses, lie had strength enough, however to crawl to the next plantation, and related the horrors ho had witnessed. lie reported that nil the whites of the estate which ho had. left were murdered, except bn the surgeon,, whom the rebels had' compelled to accompany them, on tho idea that they might stand in need of bis professional assistance. Alarmed by this intelligence, tho persons to whom it was com municated immediately sought their safety in flight. The revellers (consisting now of all the slaves belonging to that plantation) proceeded to tho house of a Mr. Clement, by whose ne groes they wore immediately joined, and both ho and his refiner were massacred. Tho murderer of Mr. Clement was his own postil lion - (coachman), a man to whom ho had al ways shown groat kindness. Tho other white people on this estate contrived to moke their escape. “At this, juncture, the negroes on the plantation of.M, Favilio, a few railoa diatant likewise rose and murdered five white per sons,’ one of whom (the attorney of the estate) had a wife and throe daughters. Those un fortunate women, while imploring moicy of tho savages on their knees, beheld their hus band and father murdered before their faces. For themselves, - they were devoted to a more horrid fate, and wore carried away captives by thefissassinS. m “ The approach of daylight served only to discover eights of horrors. .It was now appa rent that the negroes of all tho estates in the plain acted in concert, and a general massa cre of the -whites took place in every quar ter. On some few estates, indeed, tho lives of the women were spared, but they were only to. gratify the brutal appetites of the ruffians; nnd.it .is shocking to relate, that many of them suffered viola tion on tho dead bodies of their husbands and fathers 1 ' . ( T he Standard of the Negroes— the Body of a White Infant , “In the town itself, tho general belief Tor some time was, that the revolt was. by no means an extensive one, but a sudden and partial insurrection only. The largest sugar plantation on the plains was that of Mono. 'Gallifot, situated about eight miles from tho town, the negroes, belonging to Which had always been treated with such kindness find liberality, and possessed so many advantages, that it became a proverbial expression among the’lower white people, ini speaking of any man’s good fortune, to say, il est heureux un negre de Cillifei, (he is as happy as one of Galljfet’s negroes.) Mons. Odoluo, the at torney, or agent of this plantation, was a mem ber 01 the General Assembly, and being fully persuaded that the: negroes, belonging to it would remain firm in their obedience, deter mined to repair thither to encourage them in opposing the insurgents, to which end he desired the assistance of a few soldiers from the. town guard, which was granted him.— He proceeded accordingly, bat, on approach ing tho estate, to his surprise, nnd grief; ho found nil the negroes in arms bn the side of tho. rebels, and (horrid to tell!) their stand ard was .the body of a white infant which they had recently impaled on a stake! Mons. Gdeluo had advanced too far .'to retreat undiscovered, and both he and his friend that accompanied him, with most of the soldiers,’ jvere killed without mercy. Two of three of the patrol escaped by flight, and conveyed the dreadful tidings to the inhabitants of the town.” Mansions and .Canefields set oh Eire, By this time, all or most of the'white per sons had been,found on several plantations, being massacred or forced to seek their safety in flight, the ruffians exchanged the sword for the torch. The buildings and eaneflelds wore everywhere set on fire, and the confla grations, which wore visible from the town in a thousand different quarters, furnished a prospect more shocking and reflections more dismal than fancy can paint or powers ot man. can, describe. Consternation and terror now took posess ion of every mind, and the screams of the women and children, running from door to door, heightened the horrors of the scene.— All the citizens, took up arms, and the General Assembly .vested the Governor with the com mand of the National Guards, requesting him to give such orders as the urgency of the ease seemed to demand.-, One' of the first measures was to B'enddhe white women-and children on board the ships in the harbor ; very serious apprehensions being entertained concerning the domestic negroes within the town, a great proportion of the ablest men Among them were likewise 'sent on shipboard and closely guarded. ' . A Vain Attempt io Flit Down the, Negroes. The assemblyiJbtttin'j-ed their deliberations throughout tlje night, amidst the glare ofsur rounding conflagrations. The inhabitants, being strengthened, by a number of‘seamen" from the ships, and brought into some degree of order and military subordination, were now. desirous, that d detachment should bo sent out to attack the strongest body pf the revell ers. Orders were given accordingly, and Mens, de Touzard, an officer who had distin guished himself in the United States service, took the command of a party of niilhia and troops of the lino. With these ho marched to the plantation of Mons. Latour, and at tacked a body of about four, thousand of the. rebel negroes. Many ■ were destroyed, but to little purpose; for Touzard, finding the number of revoltors to increase to more than a centuple proportion of their losses, was at length obliged to retreatf The Governor, by the advice of the Assembly, now determined to act for some time solely on the defensive.: and, ns it was every moment to bo apprehend ed that the rovedters would pour down tho town, nil the roads and passes loading into it were fortified. At the same time, an embar go was laid on all the shipping in the harbor —a measure of indispensable necessity, cal culated as well to obtain the assistance of the - seamen as to secure a retreat ,for the iuhabi- tants in the last extremity. To such of the distant parishes as wore open to communication, either by laud or by sea, notice of tho revolt had been, tfansriiitod within a few hours after advice of it was re ceived at the Cape, and the white inhabitants of many of those parishes had therefore found time to establish camps, and form a chain of posts which for a time teemed to prevent the rebellion spreading beyond tho northern pro vince. Two of these' camps, however, were attacked by the negroes (who were openly joined by tho mulattoes,) and forced with slaughter. At Dondon tho whites maintained the contest for seven hours, but wore over powered by the infinite disparity of numbers and compelled to give way, with the loss of upwards of one hundred of their body. The survivors took refuge in tho Spanish territory. Those two districts, therefore—the whole of the rich and extensive plain of the Cape— together with the contiguous mountains, were now wholly abandoned to the ravages of tho enemy, and the cruelties which, they exer cised on such pf the miserable whites as fell into their hands cannot bo remembered with out horror, nor reported in terms strong enough to convoy a proper idea of their atro city. , The -Horrora Increased llVu’M j/e-v Saued Asunder. “ They seized Mr. Blen, an officer of the police, and having nailed him alive to one of the gates of liis plantation chopped off his limbs one by one with an axe. “ A poor mail named Hobort, a carpenter by trade, endeavoring to conceal himself from tho notice of the rebels, wa's discovered in his. hiding-place. The savages declared that ho should die in the way of his occupation.— Accordingly they bound him’ between two boards, and deliberately sawed-him asunder, “ Mens. Ca'rdineau, a planter of Grande Riviere, had two' natural sons by a black wo man. Ho had manumitted them in their in fancy, and bred them' up with great tender ness. They both - joined in the revolt, and Whan their father endeavored to - divert them from their purpose by soothing language and pecuniary offers, they took his money, and then stabbed him to tho heart.' “All tho white and eVen - the’nViilatto chil dren whose fathers h e’d hot joined in tho re volt, were mOrdirod without exception, fre quently before - fb'e 6yos or , clinging to tho bosoms of their mothers. Young women of ft’lf ranks were first violated by a whole troop of barbarians, and then generally put to death. Some of them were indeed reserved for the further gratification of the lust of the sava ges, and others had their eyes scooped out with a knife. Daughters Ravished in Presence of their Fa . there. “ In the parish of Bimbe, at a place called the Great Ravine, a venerable planter, tho father of two beautiful young ladies, was tied down by a savngo ringleader of a band, who ravished the eldest daughter in his presence, and delivered over the youngest to ono of his followers. Their passion being satisfied, they slaughtered both the father and. the daugh ters,’’ ' Iq the frequent skirmishes between the foraging parties sent out by the negroes (who after having burnt down everything, were in scarcity of provisions,) and the whites, tho rebels seldom stood their ground longer than to receive and return ono single volley, but they appeared again tho next .day; and though they were at length driven "out of their entrenchments with infinite slaughter, yet their numbers seemed not to diminish.— As soon, ns one body was cut off, anoth: or appeared, arid thus they ■ succeeded in tlm object of harassing and destroying tho whites by perpetual fatigue, and reducing the country to a.desert. Two Thousand Persons Massacred in Cold - Blood. To detail the various conflicts, sldrmishes, massacres, and scones of slaughter, which this exterminating war produced, wore to offer ..a. disgusting and frightful picture—a combination of terrors, wherein we should, behold cruelties unexampled in the annals of mankind; human blood poured forth, in tor-, rents ; the earth, blackened, with ashes, and the air tainted with pestilence. It was .oom- 1 putod that, within two months after the re volt first began, upwards of two thousand white persons, of all conditions and ages,-had been massacred; that one hundred and eigh ty sugar plantations, and about nine hun dred coffee; cotton and indigo settlements, had been destroyed, (the buildings thereon , being consumed by fire,) and about one thou sand two hundred-Christian'families reduced from opulence to such a state of misery as to depend altogether for their clothing and sus tenance on public and private charity?. Of the insurgents it.wits reckoned that Upwards of ten thousand had perished by the sword or by famine, and some hundreds by the hands of the executioner 1! Are the people of the United States pre pared for such horrid scones of-.devastation; atrocities and bloodshed in thfeir midst? Will they profit from these unhappy experiences, or is the ■“ irrepressible conflict” doctrines to be carried out m.this country in.-a similar manner? The Revolt in the Western Fart of the Island. ■ The flames of rebellion soon began to break forth also in, the western division. Here, however, the insurgents were chiefly” men of color, of whom upwards of two thousand ap peared in arms in the parish of. Mirabalias. Being jollied by about six hundred of the ne gro slaves, they began their operations' by burning the. cofl'oo plantations in the moun tains.- Some d'fctfiebtnents of tho military, which were sent against them from Port au T Prince, were repulsed and tho 'insurgents continued to ravage And hura the country through an extent of thirty miles, practicing tho saint} excesses and ferocious .barbarities towards such of the whites as fell into their bands, as they were displayed by the rebels in tho North, They had . the audacity at length to approach Port-au-Princo, with tho intention of setting it on fire. So defenceless was the state of that devoted town, ; that its destruction seemed inevitable, Many of tho mulatto chiefs,, however, finding that their attempts to gain over the negro slaves on the sugar plantations in this, part of tho country were not attended with that success which they expected, expressed an unwillingness to proceed to this extremity, declaring that they took up arms, not to desolate the colony, but merely to support tho national decree of the 15th of May, and that they were not averse to a reconciliation. Those sentiments coming, to the knowledge of Mohs, do Jumceourt, a planter of eminence, ho undertook the office of. mediator; and through his influence a truce called the concordtii was agreed upon tho-X1 th of September, between tho free peo ple of color and tho white Inhabitants of Port-au-Prince, of which the chief provisions were, an oblivion of the past, and an engage ment, on the part of whites; to admit in full three the national decree of the 15th of May, certainly the ostensible, though perhaps not the solo and original, cause of rebellion.— Thus peace was once more restored.' All would have been well, if only outside influ ences would have ceased to bo used to stir up commotion and strife in the unfortunate country. The liecepiion of the Act os of the Massacre in I’aris. But lot us return to Franco, where vyo loft Gregoire,-Robespierre, and the rest of the so ciety of Amis des Mbit's, exulting in the tri umph they had obtained on the 15th of May, and perhaps waiting that their obnoxious.de oroo would produce those very evils which actually-resulted from' it. Zt'.wfts not until tho.ljogipiiing of September that information arrived at Paris concerning' the- reception which the account of this decree had mot with St. Domingo, Tho tum'nlts, disorders an- contusion, that it produced there, were now represented in the strongest coloring, and tire loss of tho colony to Franco was universally apprehended. At this time, however, no sus picion , was entertained concerning the en slaved negroes ; but a civil war between the whites and mulattoes was believed to ho in- evitable. The commercial and manufactur- ing towns, predicting the ruin of tlioir trade and the, loss of tlioir. capital from existing dangers, pfeson toil remonstrances and peti tions to the National Assembly, urging tho necessity of an immediate repeal of ii'll the decrees hy which the tights of the planters were invaded—that of tho 15th of May, espe cially. At length, a motion was made to an nul tho obnoxious decree, (and strange, to toll 1) on the 24th of September its repeal was actually voted Ijy n largo majority I— thirteen days after tho concordat, or truce be tween tho white inhabitants of Port-au- Prince and tho nidlattoes bad boon estab- lished and pea'eo restored I It will bo re membered that the concordat recognized all the rights find privileges conferred hy'* the decree of tho 15th of May upon tho free col ored people.’ The Decree of the Fifteenth of May Repealed, Doubts had already arisen in the minds of tho mulattoes concerning tho sincerity and good faith ol the white people with respect to the concordat. Their suspicions and appre hensions had indeed grown to svJch height as to induce them to insist on a renewal abd confirmation of its provisions, which were accordingly granted to them by n now instru ment.- or treaty, on. the 11th of October. But ttb sooner was authentic information, of tho repeal of tho decree received from Franco, than all trust and confidence, and every hope of reconciliation and amity between tba two classes vanished foreyer. There was 119 longer,; they said, an alternative. The “ irre pressible conflict” doctrine was once mere brought into operation 1 The Negroes Engaged—The Massacre Breaks out Afresh The enslaved negroes in the district Cal do-sao joined the mulattoes—a bloody en gagement took place, in which the negroes (the slaves) being ranged in front .and acting without any kind of discipline, left two thou sand of their number dead on the field. •’ Of the mulattoes, about fifty were killed : and several taken prisoners. The whites claimed the victory, bat for want of cavalry wore un able to improve it by a pursuit, and content ed themselves with satiating their revenge OJX thoir captives. But, in order fo prevent mis understandings, it, will'ho here proper to * state that the whites comprised in their ranks not only the “slaveholders,” but French soldiers and the non slayeholding white pop ulation. The whole white fate was 1 in armai The Horrible Deeds o/ the Sfulattoee, ■ : " The mulattoes scorned to be outdone iii deeds of vengeance and atrocities shameful to humanity. . in the. neighborhood of /ere-. . mie, a body of them attacked the house of Mens. Lcjourne, and securing the person of ■ both him. and his wile.- This unfortunate women—my hand trembles while I write— was far advanced to pregnancy. The mon sters,.whose prisoner gho was, having first . • murdered her husband in her presence, ripped her up alive, and threw the infant to the hogs! .They then (how shall I relate it!) sewed up the head of the murdered husband in w 111, Such are the triumphs, philanthropy I And such an act was committed by mulattoes, some of whom had received an education hi • Franco 1 What may have.been thß deeds of (ho untaught negro slaves 1” With justice may we exclaim, of our Abo lition and Kepublican loaders, who are now, pusily engaged in preparing the advent df such horrid scenes—the impending crisis;.as they style it—in our midst. .** Forgive them ; they know not whnt they do !”—or if they do, they are the groatest ■; hut everybody ban answer that for himself. The Close of the ,i"ear ,1791. . , With these enormities terminated tho dis astrous year 1791. Ju’st before Christmas, the three civil commissioners nominated by ■ the National Assembly for St...Dotriingo,. Ar rived at Uapo Francois. , - ,i. They proclaimed a general amnesty ana pardon to all who should desist from acta of insubordination, and who would subscribe to the new Constitution. This proposition was disproved by the Colonial Assembly and. by. all parties. The Commissioners.thon left the ialand, in which they found tliems'elv'eS pojv crless arid disrespected. By the/white in? habitants, A general amnesty to the men of color And revolted slaves was consid'ersd justification of the ifioat horrible atrocities, and as holding out a dangerous to such of tire negroes as preserved thoir-fidelity.' The mulattoes received the decree of tho.com inissionera with contempt and indignity, as it annulled their favorite decree of the 15th,, of May. At Petit Soave, tho free colored, persons were masters, aria held ih Mb’Se confinement thirty-four white persons whom they reserved for vengeance. On ,the pnbli-- cation of this amnesty, they led. them to exeaution; hilt instead of putting them w immediate death, they caused each of them to ho broken alive, and, in the midst of theiP tortures, read to them, in a strain of diabol ical mockery, the proclamation, affecting to consider it a? a pardon for tho cruellies they had just committed. The Decree, of'the Fourth of April 1792.' The Society of Amis des Noil's had soon obtained considerable influence in .tho NA- tional Assembly. - On the 29 of February; 1792, Garan de Coulon, after a long and in flammatory harangue against the planters iri general, proposed a decree for ; abrogating that of the 2-kh of September, declaring a general amribs'ty throughout all the French colonies,' and granting to all free colored per sons the right of suffrage, and of being eligi ble to the Legislature and places of triist; enacting that new Coloriial Assemblies shoiild bo lermod, which should transmittheir sen timents, not only nn the subject of the internal governemnt of tie colonic,s, but also on the be.-t method of effecting the. abolifpn of negro slavery in toto. Frantic as the new Legislature bad shown itself on many oc casions since its first meetings a m'rtjof ity could not at this time be found to Vote for so senseless and extravagant a proposi tion. But d short time afterwards, this As I (jcmbly passed the famous doored of the 4th of April, 1792. The carrying of this decree into effect was intrusted to three commissioners—Santho nax, Pulverel and with a force of 8,000 men,' arrived at St. Domingo on the 13th of September following. ' They immediately dissolved the Colonial Assembly; and- sent the Governor (Blnnohelandej to' France, whore ho was tried and guillotined.' Moos. Desprtrbos, h'is sifccbssof; having disa greed with the commissioners, was suspen ded and sent to' France, where ho .was, it is said, also guilutined. . The commissioners of the national Asssn?- bly r in the oriel, openly declared that the mu lattoes, with'the free negroes, should enjoy Hie- civil privileges, and the protection of 8,000 National Guards. , The commissionoW held secret communications -with the, chiefs, of the mnlattocs. in all parts of the colpny.s-s-V, Besides, they sent a groat number of whites 4 in a state of arrests to Europe, to oitewOf before the National Assembly to the accusa tions which they pretended to transmit against them'. •’ A IVeto Prinhh Governor Arrives, A.now'.Governor, Mons. Galbaud, arrived in May, 1703, to take tho oommoind, and to place the. Island in a state of defence, in case tho British might invade it; war having been declared between'Abo two Powers. Tho National Assembly of Franco soon after sent ogt commissioners with frosb nnd suspended the now Governor. Galbaud,' aided by his brother; armed if force composed of militiit, seamen from, the ships in the harbor of Cape Uaytien, (Fran cois,) nnd a great number of volunteers, ami marched without delay against the cofifmisß ionors, who wore with the regular troop;.— A bloody conflict ensued, and ,tho battle war continued with obstinate bravery, until th sailors, who composed the greatest strong-!- of Galbaud’s force, became disorderly. Gai baud’s brother fell info the hands of the commissioners, nnd the son of dha of the oommisioners was captured by Galbaud. The Mandcre of tho fnhaiitai\U, dnf Pillayaof thb City of Oap'p lJaytien, • j % , The coramissioricrs, findmcdh/it ihijf.wooptf were rapidly dcserting r forces were resolute, apd-ughting.With unex -nmpled bravery, callod'to their flidthe revol [Ooncfuded on fourth patye.} NO. 42.