•" iUld pittocful policy pursued by
# » .”°ywmuent of tbo United States towards
• :«<? e . m P^ ro China has produccdlhe mostsal
pe-?ulls - treaty, of Tientsin of
tJie IStli of June, 1808, Ims been faillifnllv ob
serve Jby the Cliineso authon'tiea. The" con
vention of the Sth November, 1858, supplemon
.nry io (his treaty, for the adjustment and
wilistaotiou of the claims of our citizens on
Uima, referred loin my last Annual Message,
Jms been already carried into effect, so far as
this was practicable.
Under this convention Ihe sum of 500,000
acts, equal to about *700,000, was stipulated
to be paid in satisfaction of Ihe claims of Ameri
can citizens, out of the one-tilth of the receipts
lor tonnage import, and e.xport duties on Ameri
can vessels nt the ports of Canton, Slmuglmo,
end Kiclmii: and it wip, “agreed that this
amount shall be in full liquidation of all claims
ol American citizens nt tbo various ports to
•Vaf ni)h C ,'' 1 ebealllle sf6r Uila amount to wit:
■ I °. o ro noo Ca,,10n ’ ]00 - 000 for Shanghne,
mut JOO,OOO- lor : Indian —were delivered ac
cording to the terms of the convention by the
respective Chinese collectors of the customs, of
lose ports to the agent selected by our railiis
lor to receive the same.
bmeo that time the claims of our citizens have
In on adjusted by the board of commissioners ap
im.nlcd for that purpose under (be act of March 1
toad,and their awards, which proved satisfactory
to the claimantp, bavo. boon approved by our min- i
li ins mi -o 10 “spegale they amount to the sum of
JS.WM ,h. fhe claimants have already received
a large proportion of the Earns awarded to them out
Ol fbo land provided, and it iseonfldentlyexpeeteU
that the rem.ainder.will ere long bo entirely paid.
■Alter the awards shall have been satisfied, there
will remain a surplus of more (hah $2OO (ion at the
disposition of Congress. As Ibis will in e.piity ho
• long to tbo Chinese government, would not, justice
require its appropriation to some bv.nevolent'object
111 wluehthc Chinese may be specialty interested?
Car, minister to .Chinn, in , obedience to hie in
structions, lias remained perfectly'neutral in the
war between Croat Britain and' Franco and the
-Chinese empire: although, in conjunction with the
itussmn mimster, he was ever ready and willing,
had the opportunity offered, to employ Ids good
offices in restoring peace botn een the parties. It
an,net ot_ simple justice, both to our present
minister and his predecessor, to state, that they
have proved fully equal to the delicate, trying and
responsible positions in winch they have oil differ
entoccasions been plneed
■ • .«?.U'AN, ;
Ihe ratifications of the !realy wiih .Japan
concluded at Vedo, on the 2!)th of July,-1850,
. were exchanged at Washington, on the ”2d May
last, and the treaty itself was proclaimed 'on
the succeeding day. There'is good reason to
expect that, under its protection anti influence,
our trade and intercourse with that distant anil
■ interesting people will rapidly increase.
The ratifications; of the treaty were ex
■•changed with, unusual- solemnity... For this
purpose the Tycoon lin'd accredited throe of his
most distinguished subjects.as envoys extraor
dinary and niinisters'plenipolontiary, who were
leoeiycd. and treated with, marked distinction
and kindnesss both -by the (Jovornment and'
people of the United States.. There is every
.reason to believe that they have returned to
tl.ieir imtiyc land entirely’ satisfied with their
visit, and inspired, by the most friendly feelings
lor our country., Let in; ardently hope, in the
language of the treaty itself, that “there shall
henceforth be perpetual peace and friendship .
between the United .States of America and.his
IMnjesty the Tycoon oi .Japan and his succes
hors. . „v
. With the wise,.conservative and liberal gov
ernnient of the 'empire of T.razil our relations
continue to be of tlie most amicable charac
ter. ■ '
XEW V,RAN.*. I>A
Tim exchange of the ratifications of the cou
.vcntion with the republic oi’ New tlranada,
signed at Washington on the UJlli - Hememberj
11807,1ms'been long delayed from accidental
causes; for which neither parly is censurable.
Thcsn ratifications were, duly exchanged in
this city on the sth of November last.“ Thus
Lima controversy been amicably terminated
which lirid become so serious at the period of
my inauriiration, as to reijuiro me, on the 37th
April, 1857, to direcl our minister to demand
. his passports and return to the. United Slates.
Under this convention the government of.
New.Uranadahas specially acknowledged itself
to be responsible to one citizens “for damages
•which were caused by the riot, at. Panama “on
the 15th April, 1850.” These claims, together
with other claims of our citizens which had
been long urged in-,yain, are referred for ad
justment to a board of commissioners. T sub-
Init a copy of (he convcnlion lo Congress, and
recommend,the legislation -necessary to carry
it into effect.-
'COSTA JfICA AND,JtICAKAIJItA
Persevering efforts have been made for (he
adjustment,of the claims of American citizens
against the government of Costa Rica, and I
-am.happy to inform you (lint these, have finally
prevailed., A convention was signed, at (he
oily of,San Jose, on the 2d of .Inly last, be
tween (ho minister resident of the United
Stately in Costa Rica and the plenipotentiaries of
that republic, referring these claims .to a Board
ot Commissioners, aud providing for the pay
ment of their awards. This convention will
be submitted immediately to the .Senate, for
(heir constitutional action.
; The claims of our citizens upon file republic
of Nicaragua have not, yet been provided for
by. treaty, although diligent, efforts lor this
purpose have been made by our. minister resi
dent, to that republic. These are still contin
hed, witii a fair prospect of auccess.
Mexico.
Our relations with Mexico remain in a most un
satisfactory condition. .. In ,my 'last’two annual
messages I discussed .extensively the- subject of
these relations, and do not now propose to repeat
at length the fuptn and arguments then presented.
They proved conclusively that our oitizdqa residing
in Mexico, and our merchants trading thereto, had
suffered a series of wrongs and outrages such as we
have never patiently borne from any other nation,
■for these our successive ministers, invoking the
,I'aith of treaties, had, in the name of their coun
try, p.rsistontly demanded redress and indemnifi
cation, bnt without the slightest effect-. Indeed, an
confident had' the Mexican authorities become of
ottr patient endurance, that tiny universally bo
, lievdd they, might commit,these outrages upon
American citizens With absolute impunity. Thus
wrote our minister in KSjti, and expressed the
opinion that nothing but a manifestuliun of tite
power of the Government, ami of its purpose to
punish these wrongs, will avail.’'
Afterwards, in 1857. came the adoption of a
new constitution for Mexico, the election of a
President and Congress under its provisions,
and the inauguration of the President, Within
one short month,-however, this President was
expelled from tlio capital by a rebellion in the
.army, and tho supreme power of the republic
was assigned to General Zuloagu. Tilts usurper
was in his turn soon compelled to retire and
give place to General Miranion.
Under tho constitution which had lints beep
adopted, fienor Juarez, as chief justice of the
Supremo Court, became the lawful President of
•tlie,Republic ; and it was fur. titc maintenance
of the constitution and his authority derived
from it that the civil.war commenced, and still
'Continues to lie prosecuted.,
Throughout the year iS-78 the constitutional
party grew stronger and stronger. In dm pro
vious history' of Mexico a successful military,
revolution at the capital had almost universally
boon the signal for. submission throughout (lie
republic, Not so on tho present occasion. A
majority of the citizens persistently sustained
the constitutional government. When this was
recognized in April, 18-jl), by the Government
ot the United Stales, ils authority extended
over a large majority of the Mexican States ■
and people, including Vera Cruz aud all tho i
other important sea ports of the republic, from ,
that perio.d our commerce with Mexico be*an
to revive, and tho constitutional government '
has afforded it all tho protection in their power. '
Meanwhile, the government of Miramoa etill hel! ewav
at the capital ana over the surrounding country, and
continued Its outrages against tho few Amsrlean ctUsens
■who etill hod the courage to remain within its power
'To COP the climax : After the battle of Tacnbaya, in
CHINA
A P ril.l S 6 3 . Geo. Marques nriirrc'i throe citlmne of tbn
i h J ra P’W’iclanii, Into B*l/,od in Iho
UoaDlta attbntpUcn tekcn ,at sort shot. without crime
ana without trisl. This was done, notwithstanding our'
?„K, rt ?°?' e »w »t tho moment enraged
in theholj- c.uso of affording relief to tno sodieraof
peities who had boon wounded in the battle, with
oul ii.rtk nganroisilnotlon between them. 1
The t me loul arrived, in rayopnion, when Ihje Oov.
einmrnt was bonod.to exert Its power to aTongo and re-
UrtiV ' 0 ’ r J? Dlt - t of U on r C| V E aod t 0 afford them pro*
1 Mexi o, Iho interposing obstacle was that
the portion of the counlrjr under tho sway of Miramon
could not ho reached.without passing orer territory on
do! the turlhdiclmn of tho Constitutional government
Under those circumstances, ! deemed It my duty to riT
commend to Congress, in n,y last K
emplomiont of a aulllcicnt military force to penetrate’llln
,h, interior, "here tho government of Mh.mon wns In
, Wltll i °‘> if need be, without the consent of the
Joai>7. government, though it won not doubted that thin
coDSint could be obtained Never have I had a cleawrVon!
ictjon on anj' subject (bun of the justice as well as wt«. •
o“n n | tl /on ’lr P °'r\ N 0 nlternalive wa" St S
cepc tue eniir-* abandonment of our .fellow-eilizftiVw&v.
sy\tem'Aim o|m 0 |m P.’, 00 ’ HndB ,i: ,h * fallh of ‘reatioe, to the
irjustice, croolty nod opprrssioo of Mirimon’i
•Switv?o om e f < “T. t , it r ls "'hlin that tho sTn pie
authonty to employ th's force would of itself have ac-
Tho'?on=m *« ou E ol,jccts without striking a single blow.
Tho constitutional government won! ' then ere inis have
been established at the city of Mexico, and .raid have
ns iustice y # ‘" i wlihns > to the exlont °r «» ability, to do
sld l e n retl!ii,‘ io S~ Md Idcem this a most important con.
B ‘, o8 1 '“r"T, Bur °P ea “ SovernmontswoiiW have been do
dZeiu allpre ‘to interfere in the territorial and
relieve, r°. lt™ m. M^ lCO ' We Blloold thudhave been
ahnnM thu be l,lo obl, S at iou of resisting, oven by force,
ornmo d J h . become necessary, aoy attempt by thosegov
of dCPriVe i C ? r ? C ff U^ri ”ff rC P“ blic 0f P° rt >" u9
without e °eT ; duty from wl,loh Tre 00,1111 «»t "brink
ooiCet or.i l the traditional and established
J” A“ er,oan "P°nplc. lam happy to observe,
that, linnly relying upon the'justlco and good faith of
•lS VCrn ” e ”mi ttar “ 18 00 P ro *°nt danger that such
a contingency will happen.
““Ti n ? discoremi that in.vrccnmincndntioii would not
neeo.f. t oi'i“u d - by Con S rcM • the next alternatlvo was to
WivT i V“, B( l™ e de it rec : if-possililojthesamcobjccts
meot ' Sl,rU at ""‘ S W ‘ th the cunstitolionnl govorn
.l,?'.‘ cl, i r 0 '"■° l ' o accordingly concluded hv our late
able and excellent minister to Mexico, and on'tlio tth of
t T ion’ mr « WC E° "nbmitted to the Senate for ratihea
.l, ,V . .I 080 u«vo not yet received the lloal action of
that body. It would be improper for me to present a do
tailed statement of their provisions. Still 1 maybe per
mitted to express tho opinion in advance that they are
calculated to promote the agricultural, tho manufactu
ring and commercial interests of tho country, and to se
cure our just influence with an adjoining republic ns to
wnoso fortunes and fate wo can never foci indifferent
whilst at the same time they provide for fhopaymentof
a considerable amount towards tho satisfaction of the
(Manns,of our injured fellow-citizens. -
KANH4S JIXD UTAH,
At the period of my inauguration I was confronted In
Kansas by a revolutionary government, existing uader
what xb called the Topeka constitution. Its avowed ob
ject was to subdue tho territorial government by force,
and to inaugurate what wus-calicd tho Topeka govern
merit in its stead. To accomplish this object an extensive
was formed, aiyl its command en
trusted to the most vmlont revolutionary leaders. Under
those circumstances it became, my imperative duty to
exert tho whole constitutional power of, the Executive
■to prevent the flames of civil war from again raging in
Kansas, which, in the excited state of the public mind
imlghboringS?^ 0 .' 1 ■’ I “ V< ‘ U ’"'“' U iot ° the
■s'ra!ir.f^ M 'i! le M ,, "i lM 10 Ka ™>» h»d been inllsmcd
against each other by emissaries holli from tho nnrlli nod
iSf-h"?. ’’ toado ff ril " of malignity without parallel in
om history,. To prevent actual collision, and to assist
TS ro,M i “™ forol "S 1110 I«wa, a strong doj'
tnchment of tho army was stationed .in the Territory
tead.v to aid the marshal and his deputies, when lawfully
called, upon, as a posse comitutus' ill the executioner
civil and criminal process.
.ni’iilili 1118 III 0 . 111 ??." 1 Kana " s ccuid not have been per
lyscttiodwjthont an election by tlic people. Tiie
lal ot i?*, 18 surest arbiter of disputes among free
c™vic!lon i every proper effort was cm
pioyed tomdurc the liostile parties to vote at the election
to , lrainoaS ‘ at e constitiition. and afterwards
JIJ « itii Q?1 n t 0 !el C ' d ° "' llet her,Kausas should he a slave
oilt.vl' 1 b< i 1 ""ueffeiit party refused to, vote, at
either,Jest this might, be considered a recognition on.
l,lO ‘emt.orial gohornmeut cslabiislied by
Coiigiohs Abettor spirit, however, seemed sdoH after
fhi P wrm.'f;-! I “ d f h ?, two ,, |,artieB m,,t ra,: ' >to face at tlio
third election, held on the ii is t Monday of.immnrr !BnB
" f !h ° " nd S ta 'e' under
the J.ecompton constitution. The result was the triumph
il in", i ~lr" y p “, rty . at ll ?° 1,01,8 ■ Thin- decision of
the ballot box.proved clearly that tills party were in
tin majority, ami removed the danger of civil war
froni that Lime wc have heard little or.nothin- hf the
Jripeka government; and ail serious dnngor offrovoln
tiunaiy troubles nr Kansas wax then at an end.
The Lecompton constitution which had been thus
recognised at this Slate election by-thc votes of
both political parties iu Kah.-na,.was transmitted
U me with the request that I should present it to
Oonjresj\ This I. could not have refused to do
without violating my clearest aud strougost cou
victiou« oi duty. The conatitmion, and all the pro- '
ooedmgs which preceded and followed its forma
turn, were fair and regular on theic feet:. I‘then
beidivetl, and experience has proved, that tbeAii
teresls of tho people of Kansas would have been
best consulted by its admission as a State into, tho
Lnion, especially as the majority, within a brief
period, could have amended the constitution ac
cording to their will and pleasure. If fraud ex
isted in nil'or nny of these proceedings, it was not
for the President, bat for Congress, to investigate
and determine the question of fraud, and what
ought to bo its consequences. If, at the two first
elections, the majority refused to vote, it cannot bo
pretended that this refusal to exercise the elective
franchise could invalidate an election fairly held
under lawful authority, oven if they; had not 'sub
sequently voted at tho third election. It is true
that tho whole constitution had not boon submitted
to the people, as I always desired; but the prece
dents are numerous of tho admission of States into
the Union without such submission.
It would norcoiupnrt with my present purpose
to review tho .proceedings of Congress upon the
Leeompton constitution; It is sufficient to observe
that their fluid action has removed the Inst vestige
of serious revolutionary troubles. The desperate
band recently assembled, under a notorious outlaw;
in the southern portion of the Territory, to resist
the execution of tho laws and to plunder peaceable
citizens, will, I doubt not, bo speedily subdued anil
brought to justice. . '
Had I treated tho liccomplon constitution as a
nullity and refused to transmit it to Congress, it is
not difficult to. imagine, whilst recalling the posi
tion of the country at that moment, what would
have been tho disastrous consequences, both in and
out of tho Territory, from such a dereliction of duty
on the part of .the Executive.
Pence has also been restored within the Territory
of Utah, which at the commencement of my admin
istration, was in a state of open rebellion. This
was the .more dangerous, us the people, animated
by a fanatical spirit and entrenched within, their
distant mountain fastnesses, might have made a
long and formidable resistance. Cost what it
might, it was necessary to bring them into subjee-t
tion to the Constitution and tho laws. Sound pol
icy, therefore, as well as humanity, required that
this object should, if possible, bo accomplished
without the effusion of blood. This could only bo
effected by sending a military force into the, Ter
ritory sufficiently strength convince the people that
resistance would bo hopeless, and at tifo same time
to offer them a pardon for past offences on-condition
of immediate submission to the Government. This
policy was pursued with eminent success ; and the
only cause for regret is the heavy expenditure
required to inarch a large detachment of the army
to that remote region and to furnish it subsistence.
•Until i« now comparatively peaceful arid quiet, and
the military force has been withdrawn, except that
portion of it necessary to keep the Indians in check
ami to protect the,emigrant trains on their'way to
our Pacific possessions.
In my first minimi message I promised to nmplov my
bent exertions, in co-oporation with Congress, tomluca
the expenditures of tho Government within the limit* of
a wise and judicious economy. An treasury
had produced habits of prodigality and oxtrava-oince
which could only be gradually corrected. The work re
quired both time and patience I applied myself dill
gently to tbista.sk from the beginning, and was aided bv
the able and energetic efforts of the Heads of the differ
ent Executive Departments. The result of our labors In
this good cause did not appear in the sum total of our
expeudituves for the first two years, mainly in conse
quence of the extraordinary expenditure necessarily in
currod in the Utah expedition, and the very large
amount of tho contingent expenses of Congress during
this period. These greatly exceeded tho pay and mile,
age of the members. Por tho vear ending 30th June
3858, whilst the paynnd mileage amounted to $1,490 214
the contingent expenses rose to $2,093,809 79, and Tor
the year ending 30th Jnno, 3859, whilst the pay and
mileage amounted ,to $859,093 CO, tho contingent ex
ponses amounted to $1,431,505 78 lam happy lio\v
ever, to bo able to inform you that during the last fiscal
year ending on the 30th June, 1800, tho total expendi
tures of the Governmontiu all its branches—legislative
executive and judicial—exclusive of tho public debt*
were reduced lo tho sum of-$55,402,405 40. This con
clusively appears from the hooks of the Treasury In
the year ending on the 30th June. 1858, tho total expen
ditures, exclusive of the public debt, amounted to
$71,901,129 77, and that for the year ending 30th Juno
1550. to $00,336,220 13. Whilst tho books of the Trea
sury show /in actual expenditure of $59,858,474 72 for
the year ending on the 30th June, 3800, including
$1,040,607 71 for tho contingent expenses of Congress*
there' must bo deducted from this amount the sum of
$1,290,009 29, with tho interest upon it of $150,000, up
propriatod by tho act of 35th Pebruary, 3800, ‘*for the
purpose of supplying tho deficiency fn the revenues and
defraying the expenses of the Post Office Department for
tho year ending the thirtieth of June, one thousand
eight hundred and fifty-nine.” This sum, therefore,
.justly chargeable to the year 1859, must be deducted
irom the sum of $59,848,474 72, in order to ascertain the
»vH e v d i tturo fo * thojrear ending on the 80th June,-1860,
ot b 4 h 5 4(y. T 4«.f l’n‘ ”^' Ifo . r t he ®*P e “ ( liturea of that year
J?» 4Q5 46 ‘ The Interest on tho public debt, in
-lou d thJf j run eo t?!fm r the fiame flacAl y« ar ending
ne «Ub June, 1800, amounted to $3,177,314 62, |
rIXANOIIS
• ' whifch, adder) to tbo above sum of $55,602,465'40,’
i thn aggregate of $68,670,780 08. :-
> .I* ought In justice to do observed that soveralof the
•’ estimates from tho departments for the year ending 30 th
I June, 1860, was reduced by Congress below what was
r and atm la deemed compatible with the public interest.
Allowing a liberal 1 margin of $2,600,000 for this rcdifc
tion, and for other causes, it matbe safely asserted that
the sum of $01,000,000, or at the most §02j000,000, is
amply sufllcieht to administer the Government and >to<,
pay.the intdrepf on tbo public debt, unless contingent.
• events should hereafter render extraordinary expendi
tures necessary. • , ■[
This result lias been attained in a considerable do-*
groeby the care exorcised by the appropriate departments!
In entering into publif. contracts. X have myaolfneverj
interfered with the award of any such contract, except
In a single-case with tbo Colonization Society, dooming'
it advisable to east the whole responsibility in each case*
on the proper head of the department, with thp general!
instruction that, these contracts should always be given}
,to the lowest ami. best bidder. It has Over been, my;
opinion that public coii tracts arc not a legitimate s'onrce*
of patronage to.be conferred upon personal or politioalj
favorites} but that 1 in nl^.such cases a public ofllccr ,iaj
bound to act for tho Gbvernmdutas u prudent ihaiVlduah
would act for himself. •'!
AFRICAN SLATE XJUDE, Ac. I
It is with grc'at satisfaction,! communicate the fact,
that, since the date of mylaat A.nuual Message, not a.
eingloslavo has .been imported into tbo United Statesin
violation of the laws prohibiting tho African slave trade.'
Tbls atatement is founded upon a thorough examination
and investigation of the subject. Indoedj tho spirit
which prevailed some time since among a portion of our
fellow-citizens In favor of this trade seems to have en
tirely subsided. ’
I also congratulate you upon the-’ public sentiment,
which now exists against tho crime of setting on foot ;
military expeditions within tho limits of tho United ,
States, to proceed from thence and make war upon the 1
people of unoffending Statcs, with whom wearoat peace, j
In this respect a happy change has been effected - since .
tho commencement ofmy Administration. It surelv
ought to bo tho prayer of every Christian and patriot,
that such expeditions may never again receive counte
nance in our country or depart from onr shores.
It would bo a useless repetition to do-more than refer,
with earnest commendation; to my former recommen
dations in favor of tho Pacific railroad—of tho grant of
power to tho President to employ tho naval force in tho
vicinity, for the protection of tho lives and property of
our fellow-citizens passing In transit over -the different
Central American routes, against sudden and lawless
outbreaks and depredations} and also to protect Ameri
can merchant vessels, their, crewa and cargoes, against
violent and unlawful seizure aud confiscation ,in tho
•ports ofMexico and the South American republics; when
these may bo in a disturbed and revolutionary condition.
It is.my settled conviction, that without such ft power
wo do not afford that protection to those engaged iu tho
commerce of the country which they hare a right to de
mand. , ■ ' ; , , - -
iii.botio.v of..mi;mbers ov coKobess,
. * again recommend to Gongreps tho passage of a law
in pursuance of the provisions of the Constitution, ap
pointing a day certain, previous to the 4th March, in
each year of an odd number, for tho,clcction’of repre
sentative* throughout all the States. A similar power
has already.been exercised, with general approbation,
i? 0 tt PP o^nt pOHt of the same day‘ throughout the
Umou for.holding the election, of doctors for President
and > ice President of the United • States. My attention
vjas earnestly directed to this subject from the fact
h £, h Cou S reBs terminated on the 3d 'March,
2b09, without making the necessary appropriation for
the service of the Post Office .Department. I was then •
forced to .consider the best,remedy for this omission,,
and an immediate call of the present Congress was the
IV 1 * r i\l resort,: inquiry, however, 1 ascertained
that fifteen ont of tho thirty-three States composing the
Confederacy were without representatives, and that,
consequently, these iiftoen States would bedisfranchised
by such a call ‘These fifteen Slates will be in tlio same
condition ou the 4th March’next. Ten of them, cannot
elect representatives, according to existing Statolaws.
until dilTeront periods, ex lending from the beginning of
August next until the mouths of. October and November..
•In ray last message 1 gave warning that, in a lime of.
sudden and alarming danger, the salvation of our insti
tutions might depend upon the power of the President
immediately to assemble a full Congress to meet the
emergency. ‘ ...
Till! FT
r'lt owr f l u^c evident that ihe financial necessitl'cs
of the Government will require a modification of the
tariff during the present session for the purpose of in
creasing the revenue In this aspect, I desire .to wit
.crate the recommendation contained in my last two an
nual messages, In favor of imposing specific instead of ad
•valorem duties on rill imported articles to which these
can bo properly applied, Prom Jong observation and ex
perience. I am convinced that specific duties are neces
sary, both to protect the revenue and to secure to our
manufacturing 'interests that amount of incidental en
tnrifr S ° im>n * unavoidably results.from a revenue
As an abstract proposition it jijitr 1m admitted that'ad
valorem .duties would, in theory, Im the most fust mid
equal. But if tho experience of this and of nil other com
mercial nations Ims demonstrated that such duties cannot
be assessed and collected without great frauds upon the
reyenue. then it is tho part of wisdom lo resort to specific
duties .Indeed from tlio very nature of.nn ad valorem
duly, this must be tho result. Under it-.the inevitable
c msouuence is, that foreign goods will be' entered at
n , t, ‘‘ ?lrtru « value. The treasury will, therefore,
.. .s..* ie uuty^on the difference between their,real and.
m, 10 ' 13 VA^Qe 5 and.to lb)s extent we aro defrauded. ;
1 ne teinptatioDs whinn a4‘ valorem duties present Id a
imiionest importer - .Uls.object.ie to pnfla
ills gubdn tiirougu ihe VuaVdm' liousoTifthp very lowest
valuation necessary to saSwj them from confiscation - In
this he too often succeeds in spite of the vigilance of the
revenue officers. Hence tlio rewrite false invoices, ouo
for the purchaser andjanother for the custom house, and
to other expedients to defraud the government Tlio
honest importer produces his invoice to tho collector
stating tho actual price at which ho purchased the arti
cles abroad., Notsothedisbonestimportorandthen"eut
of the foreign manufacturer. Aud here it mav be°ob
served that a vary large proportion of the mamuactures
imported from abroad are consigned for sale to commis
sion, merchants, who are more ageuts employed by the
manufacturers. In such cases no actual sale has been
made to fix their value. The. forelgy manufacturer, if he
be dishonest, prepares an invoice of. thegoodsmot at thoi r
actual value, but at the very lowest rate necessary to
escape detection. In this manner the dishonest-im
porter and the'foreign manufacturer enjoy a decided
advantage over the honest merchant. They are f hus en
abled to undersell tbo fair trader, and drive him from tho,
market. Intact, the operation of this system lias already 1
driven from tho pursuits of honorable cnimucroe many ■
of that-class of regular-and conscientious merchants ]
wheso character throughout the world. U the pride of 1
our’couotry. ' • ‘
, The-remedy for those evils is to be found in specific
duties, so far ns this may lie practicable.- They dispense
wjth any inquiry at the custom-house into the actual
cost or taino of the article, and it pays the precise
amount of duty previously -(iied-by latv. They present
no temptations to the appraisers of foreign goods: who
tfnn 1 in C n b r.L'T'' ""•“■“"■-“"I might, by nndervalua-
il 11 ?j fv caHef, » rentier themselves independent
Besides, specific duties best conform to the reo'uisi
tiou in the. Constitution .that “no pcrference shall-he
given by any regulation of commerce or reveiino to tiro
ports ol one State over those of-another.” Under our
ad valorem system such preferences are to some e\toul
« m.d complaint, have often been made tlm
the spirit of this provision hss been violated by a lower
I!SeT“ Perf.m
irnt" ,T, P t r “ Sio -?. at ™"Scly enough prevails, to some on
tent, that H|)ccif|C duties are necessarily protective dn
ties Nothing can he mure fallacious, threat iritS n
glories in free trade, and yet her whole revenue fro
imports is at the present momeut collected under a ays
tein of specific duties, ft is a striking fact i,° this c,m.
- ?Sn l l n i ttllt ' commercial treaty of 2:Jd January
ItiOO, between France and England, one of tL articles
fhalMu." thllt V*J vlllorpm duties which it Imposes
wliall be converted into specific duties within six months
from its date, and these are to bo nscfT J ned bvSS
for ax -**•
ium.. J.ne muse ol tiio proposition would be nen.iw
extent the revenue would be Increased, and in tho same'
* SSSJifh 11 !* a P M1 0c duty might bo diminished .■.«(
Mieciiie. duties, would secure to tlio American m,nn.
minM r iTt r h 1 mcidc “ t * l P rot «u‘lonto which heisSV
entitled under a revenue tariff, and to this surely nonet
son would object. The framers of the o"i,tS°tLTff
have gone further, ami in a liberal spirit hiveVnfcrim!
iipsill
Ciller into the composition of their fabrics.
ahv. -vriffch
a ways operates against him. The revenue's Sf\hocran
ductuation. In °tUd „f a?,:
i“wo n Jid™it ri ht3i'nS
astfari? ss:i r
ttverano vJb inf 1 b " cco ‘npli"bed by ascertaining the
necessary Cor rcrcimo'nnrnft««e wight bo deemed
cifio fiiitb* Qnni. 6 purposes, into the lorm of &HTie>
a,^the^C»
em tO , »»*•
Hented by the Secretary in n/ U n c carly P r “ -
recommend, that ineamim:lf, “ V! c<, ”8 leB » i and to
bio it to dl»hSmS e irSSnHh?' tl ?.
recoimn«ndatJoiiBof ih» i-uhn°k ooH * 'i'* l6 other
favorable consideration 6 * e^ort «« '™'tby of yoor
S oL«Si th af t^^t r llle CO Nl e v r v e;i^■ «“
the Postmaster General 1 The ?J?omml h 0 uncl of
compnneatlon than this’iulat*” 1 '' 0 '«?” ake . llim 6 >iy other
bo mlcbt carry it _ P ofl tago on tbo mail, matter which
postals would’ Wl TI! knO Y n ’ atthB tlm «' ‘bat tbo»«
“:=t x
of Congms to make up the deficiency : and I. toerarnr*
pu°n)oM. olld tblt ttQ up P r °P r, f UoD »V b e granted lor this
Xsliouj! do great injustice to’tbe Attorney General,
were I to omit the mention of bis .distinguished services
In the measures adopted and prosecuted jsy him lor the
defense of the Government against numerous and un
founded claims to land in California, purporting to nave
f l;-'n made bythc Mexican Government prcrlotis'ln tho
ti.-atj «f eeffli«t}. ! The ancceaaful opposition to tliOße
v\ IraVhas . caved ( to the UmtedSUisa public prop’riy
,'v uith many millions of dollars, and to individuals him!*.
•Ing title under them Wat least an eqanl amount.
ft has betn represented to me, from sources which I
doHM reliable, that the Inhabits’ts io several pirliota of
Kansas.hare been reduced nearly io a stale of starvation,
ou account of the almost total failure of their crops,
whllat the harvests in every other portion of the country
have b£en abundant. The prospect before them for iho
approachirg winter la well calculated to enlist the aympß
thios .of every heart. ‘ The destitution appears to be bo
general that it cannot be relieved 'by private contrlbu
lions, and they are In such Indigent circumstances as to
be unable to purchase,the necessaries 6f Jifo for them
selves.' I refer thd subject to Congresfl. If any constitu
tional taeasure for their relief can he dov.sea I wonla
recomlbend its adoption.
' I cordially commend to your favorable regard the in*
tereata of the people of this Diatrict. They are eminently
en.itlell to year consideration, especially since, unlike the
peoplejof the States, thej'can appeal to no (torernmeiif
except that of the Union,
JAMES* BUCHANAN
Washington CiTtyDecimber;],3Boo. '
THP TOME OP THE WASHINGTOXFAM
ILY m. ENGLAND.
LKTTER FROM CHARLES SUMNER TO JARED
SPARKS.
('From the Boston Advertiser, November 26.]
Wb lake pleasure in printing the following
intci(ostirig letter from Mr. Sumner to Mr.
Sparks, describing the “memorial stones” of
the Washington family, received from the Earl
of Spencer. The letter'describes the parish
church of Brington, near Althorp, (the home of
the ( Speuoers,) and the magnifioent park at Al
thorp ; am! exhibits the associations between
the Spenror family and Washington:
I Boston, l!2d November, J8(!0.
' Blv l)i:.\tt Sin : Since our last conversation
the’Bar! Spencer has kindly sent to mo precise
copies of the two “Memorial Stones” of the
Bullish family of George Washington, which
1 litre already described to you as harmonizing
exactly with the pedigree which has the sanc
tion of your authprity. Those are of the same
stolic and of thp same size with the originals—
and have the original inscriptions, being in all
roipeclsyite fimiles. They will, therefore, give
yon aii exact idea of,these most interesting
memorials in the parish church of Brington,
near Althorp, in Northamptonshire.
The largest is of Lawrence Washington, the
father of. John Washington, who emigrated to
America. It is a slab of bluish gray sandstone
anil measures five feet and nine inches long,
and two feet and seven inches broad.
Hero is the inscription.:
HEKELIETIiTHEBODIOFLAVRENCE
WASHINGTON SONNE AND HEIRE OF
nOBKItr WASHINGTON OF SOTLOBAVK
IN THE COUNTIE QF NORTHAMPTON
EStJDIEB WHO MARRIED MARGABET
THE ELDEST DAUGHTEB OF WILLIAM
BUTLER OF TEES IN THE COUNTIE
OF SUSSEXB ESQUIEB, WHO HAD ISSU
. BY HEB 8 SONS,AND 0 DAUGHTEES
WHICH LAVKBNOE RECESSED THE IB
OP DECEMBER A, DNIIOIO
THOSE THAT BV CHANCE OB OHOrOE
OP THIS HAST SIGHT
■ KNOW LIHiJ'O DEATH RBSIGNES
AS DAYE TO NIGHT:
■ BUT AS THE SUNNS BETOBNE '
REVIVES THE DAY
. SO CUBIST SHALL US
THOUGH TUKNDE TO DUST A- CLAY.
Above the inscription, carved in the stone,
are the.arms of the Washingtons with an ad
ditional. quartering of another family. :
The other is of Elizabeth .Washington,-daugh
ter of Lawrence Washington, and.sister of the
emigrant. This is a slab of the same sandstone,
nndmcasurcs three feet and five inches lougand
two feet and six inches broad. The inscription
is on a small brass plate set, into the stone and
i.%a» follows.: .
HEBE LIES INTERRED. YE BODIES OF ELIZAB.
WASHINGTON WIDDOWE WHO CHANGED THIS
LIFE FOB IMMORTALITY YE Kill OF MARCH 1022.
AS ALSO YE BODY OF ROBERT. WASHINGTON
GENT. HER LATE HUSBAND SECOND SONNE
OF ROBERT WASHINGTON OF SOLUBATE IN YE
COUNTY OF NORTH. ESQB. WHO DBF'TBD.THIS
.'LIFE YEIOTU OF MARCH 1022. AFT KU THEY LIVED
LOVINGLY TOUETHBR iStANV, YEARS IN THIS.
, I'ARISU. .■'■■■ _ j ■./
.lv 9 n ’ A septate. brARS/h(ineftUrtbe inscription,
the arms ot the J&ydnngtonH without any
addition. ; , Those, aJMSfere well aware, have
.the combination stripes, and are
sometimes sunposetWawe suggested our na
tional flag, in horanST language there are’
bars of gules and argent;, with three mallets or
stars.- ■
In the interesting chapter on the origin and
genealogy of the Washington family, which you'
giye in the appendix to your Life of Washing
ton, it appears that Lawrence, the father of the
emigrant, died Lith December, and was buried
at lirington ■ 15th December, 1610. But , the
genealogical tables which you followed gave no
indication of the locality of this church. Hail
it appeared that it was the parish church of the
Spencer family in Northamptonshire, "the local
ity, which I believe has -not been heretofore
known in our country, would have been pre
cisely fixed.
In point of fact, the slab which covers Law
rence Washington is in the chancel of the church,
by the,side of the monuments of the Spencer
family. These are all in admirable preset 1 va
tion, with full length effigies,, busts or other
sculptural work, and exhibit an interesting
and connected scries of sepulchral memorials,
from the reign of Henry VIII. to, the present
time. Among them is a monument by the early
English sculptor, Nicholas Stone; another by
Nollckins, from a design by Cipriani, and
another by Flaxman, with exquisitely beautiful
personifications of Faith andChariiy. Beneath
repose the. successive representatives of this
illustrious family which has added to its aris
tocratic claims by services to the state, and
alMfby the unique and world-famous library
collected by one of its members. In this com
panionship Will bo found the last English.an
cestor of pur Washington. . ;
,Tl)e other slab, covering Elizabeth, the sister
of the emigrant, is in one of the aisles of the
nays where it is scraped by the feet of all wiio
pass,
The parish of Bringtou is between seven and
eight miles from the town of Northampton,
not far from the centre of England. It is
written in, Domesday Book “Brinintone” and
also Brintone.” It contains about 2,210
acres, of which about. 1,490 acres belong to
Earl jlpenccr,. about ;!2C acres to the rector in
right) of Ihe church, and about 160 acres to
othei persons. The soil is.in general a dark
color d loam with a small trace of olay towards
the iiirth. Nearly four-fifths of (lie whole is
pastu te and feeding land.
In he village still stands the house, said lo
hftvc peon occupied by the .Washingtons when
the _emigrant brother left them. You will sec
a vigi clr i> of it on the litle-pnge of the recent,
Eugli.liirk, entitled The IViia/ilw/lom, Over
the dear is carved the words, “The Lord giv
cth; lie Lord Inketii away. Blessed hellio
name >1 the Lord while the parish register
gives t pathetic commentary by showing that, in
the voi y year when this house was built a child
had bten born and another one had died in this
family ' j
The chur.ph, originally dedicated to the Vir
gin, st nds at Ihe northeast angle of the village; 1
and co mists of an embattled tower with five
belle, ii nave, north and south aisles, a ohanoel, !
a clift[iel and a modern porch. Tho tower is
flanked, by buttresses of two stages. Thopre-
Imt fabric goes back in its origin to the be
nning of the fourteenth century, nearly two
.indeed years before (ho discovery of America,
lie chancel and chapel, where repose the
pencers and Lawrence 1 Washington, were re- 1
lilt by Sir John Spencer, the purchaser of
ie estate, at the beginning of the sixteenth
intury. They allbrd one of the latest speci
onsof the Tudor stylo of architecture. The
lurch is beautifully situated on the summit of
ie highest ground of Brington, and surrounded
fy a stone wall flanked on the inside by trees,
libdin says that a more complete picture of a
country churchyard is rarely seen. A well-
Irimrped walk encircles the whole of the inte
rior, while the fine Gothic windows at tbo.eud
pf tho ohancol fill the scene witlipioturesquo
beauty. . ,
The Register of the I’arish, which is still
preserved, commences in 1560. From this it
appears that William Prootorwasthercetbrfrom
160] to 1627, covering the period of the last
of llic Washingtons there; The following fur
ther entries occur relating to this family : „
1010. “ Mr. Lawrence Washington was buritd XVth
daj* of December.”
1020, “Mr. Philip Curtin & Mias Amj WMblogton
wore innrritMl August 8.” : •
1022. 4t Mr. Robert WashiogtmnTM buried BUrch jro
ilth.’ 1
“Mrfl.UiizftUeth Wasldagtol), widow, wa'» buried
March y*! CfUh.”
Of one of Itio ministers in Ibis clmroh ire
have an interesting glimpse in Evelyn’s Me
moirs( Vol. 1., p. 012,) where tho following entry
will be loiiml under dale of duly, 1688: “Dr.
Jeffrycs, the minister of Althorp, who wns my
lord’s chaplain alien ambassador in France,
preached the shortest discourse I ever heard;
but what was defective,in the amplitude.of;his
sermon, ho had supplied in the largeness and
convenience of (lie parsonage-house.’’ '
At a short, distance—leas than a mile—is
Althorp, the seat of. the Spencers, surrounded
by a park of five hundred acres, one of whoso
gates opens near.tho church. , There are oak
trees bordering on the churchyard, which Were
growing at the tithe, of the purchase of the
estate in the reign of Henry VII. Evelyn wns
often hero a delighted visitor. On one occasion
ho speaks of “the bouse or rather palace at
Althorp.” (Vol. 1., p. 612.)' In another place
he describes it as “ placed in a pretty open
bottom, very finely watered and flanked with
stately woods and groves in a park.” (Vol. 1.,
p. 461.) Letme add that there is an engraving
of Althorp at this time, by the younger Voster
man, a Dutch artist.
There is one feature of the. park which ex
cited the admiration of Evelyn, and at a later
day of Mrs. Jameson, who gives to it some
beautiful pages in her Visits and Sketches at
Home and Abfond. It is the record of the time
when different plantntfbns of trees were begun.
While recommending this practice in his Sylua,
Evelyn remarks: “the only instance X know of.
the'like in our counti-y is.in the park at Al
thorp.” There are six of these commomora
tivo stones. The first records a wood planted
by Sir John. Spencer, in 1567 and 1668; the
second, ,a wood planted by Sir John Spencer,
son of the former, in 1089 ; the third, a wood
planted by Robert Lord Spencer, in 1602 and
1603; the fourth, a wood planted by Sir William
Spencer, Knight of the Bath, afterwards Lord
Spencer, in 1624. The latter stone is orna
mented with the arms of the Spencers, and oh
the back is inscribed “Up and be doing and
God will prosper.” It was in this scenery and
amidst these associations that the Washingtons
lived. When, the emigrant left in 1657, these
woods must have been well-grown. It was not
long afterwards that they arrested the attention
of Evelyn. -
The Household Books at Althorp show that
for many years the Washingtons wore frequent
guests there. The liospitality of (his seat has
been renowned. The queen of James I. and
the Prince Henry, oh their way to London, in
1603, were welcomed there in ah entertainment,
memorable for a masque from the vigorous
muse of Ben Jenson. (Beh Jenson’s Works,
Vol. Vl.,’p. 485.) Charles I. was at Althorp,
in 1047, when ho received the first intelligence
of the approach of those pursuers from whom
ho never escaped until his life had been laid
down upon the scaffold. : In 169? King William
was there for a week, and according, to Evelyn
was “mightily entertained.’’ (Vol. 11. p. 50.)'.
At least one of the members of this family wns
famous for hospitality of a different character*..
Evelyn records that ho used to dine with the
Countess of Sunderland—the title then borne
by tlie Spencers—•• when she invited j&e-ra/erj,
stone-enters and opera singers, after the fash-'
ion of the day.” (Vol. 1., pp. 458, 481), 579.)
The family was early and constantly associa
ted with literature, .Spender,' the poet, be
longed to it: and to onb of ;iis members he has'
dedicated his “Tears of thu Muses.” It was
for ;Alioe Spencer that Milton is said to have
written his Arcades, and Sir John Harrington
has celebrated her memory by an epigram.—
The Bacharisaa of Waller was the Lady Dorothy
Sydney, wife of the first Earl of Sunderland,
thcthml Lord Spencer, who perished fighting.
I for King Charles I. at Newbury, fdo not
dwell on other associations of a Inter day, as my
object is simply to allude to (hoso which existed
in the .time of the Washihgtofis.
“ The nobility of the.Spencers has, been il
lustrated and enriched by the trophies of(Marl
borough ; but I exhort them to consider the
Fairy Queen as the most precious jewel of their
coronet.” Tims wrote Gibbon in Iris memoirs,
n.nd all must feel the beauty of the passage.—
Perhaps it is not 100 much to say tliat this
nobility may claim another' illustration from
its ties of friendship and neighborhood with the
family of Washington. I cannot doubt that
hereafter the parish church of:lsrington will
be often visited by our countrymen, who Willlook
with reverence upon a spot so closely associated
with American history.,
I trust that this little sketch,,suggested by
what X saw at Althorp durifig a brief visit last
autumn, will not seem irrelevant, besides my
own personal impressions, and the volumes"
quoted,'! have relied upon Wtdhin'tt jKdc.i Al
llierjnana:, so interesting to' all bibliographical
students, and especially upon Baker’s History
of Northamptonshire, one of those magnificent
local works which illustrate Xlnglish history, to
which you refer in yCur Appendix, but which
was not completed till some time after the Life
of Washington appeared.
■Of course, the Memorial Stones, which I have
received from Lord Spencer, are of much his
toric value, and ! thipk that I shall best carry
out the generous idea of the giver by taking
care (hat permanently placed where
they can be seen by the public; perhaps at.the
State House, near Chantry’s beautiful statue of
Washington—if this should be agreeable to the
Commonwealth.
Pray pardon this long-letter, and believe me,
ly dear sir, with much regard,
Bier sincerely yours,
Charles Shjixkb.
lared Sparks, Jisq.
THIEF-TAKING IN LONDON.
I'ibm Household Words
Tour wife discovers,, on retiring for-the
night, that her drawers are void ; her toilette
table is bare ; except the ornaments she now,
wears, her beauty is ns unadorned ns that of a
Quakeress; not a thing is loft; all the fond
tokens you gave, when her pro-nuptial lover,
arc gone ; your own miniature, with its setting
of gold and brilliants; her late mother's dia
monds : the bracelet “dearpapa’’ presented her,
on her last birth-day; the top of every bottle
in the dressing case brought from Paris by
.Uncle John, at the risk of his life, in'February
lb-18, (being of gold,) are oti’—but the bottles
(being of glass) remain. livery valuable is
swept away with the most discriminating vil
lainy ; for no other thing in the chamber is
touched; not a chair has been moved; the
costly pendule.on the chimney-piece still ticks ;
the entire apartment is as neat and trim as
when it had received the finishing touch of the
housemaid’s duster. The entire establishment
runs frantically up stairs and down stairs,'and
finally congregates in my lady’s chamber. No
body knows anything whatever about it. The
housemaid bursts into tears; the cook declares
she is going into hysterics ; and at last you
suggest sending for the police, which is
as a suspicion of an insult on the whole assem
bled household, and they descend into the
lower regions of t he house in tho sulks.
X4O arrives. Ills faembetrays sheepishness
combined with mystery. Ho turns his bull’s
eye into every corner of passage, and upon
every countenance bn the promise’s.: He ex
amines all the looks, bolts and burs, bestowing
extra diligence on which enclosed the
stolen treasure. Those he declares have boon
“ Wioldted;” thus concisely intimating,'without
quoting pope, that there has been more than
one V. Hope.of’the Xiook,” Ho then notes the'
übn-disturbanoc of other valuables; takes you
solemnly aside, darkens his lantern; and asks
in a mysterious whisper,’if you' suspect any of
your servants; which implies tlmt /u does. Ho
then examines the upper bed-rooms, and, in the
room of the female servants ho discovers the
least valuable of the rings and a east-off silver
tooth-piok, between the maflrelaoss v
every oenadonoo u your fflMda, bit iu® 1
you think? Jem suggest their s .f„ Wb,t t
but your wife intercedes, and th« C ??H
would prefer bpeaklng to his inspector^® lll *
lie looks anybody up. peotor bofo]
Had tho whole.&oUer'rßmain.j.
, of X J°> I* I* possible that yourwtodlvll llll **
would have lasted till now A tr°| 6^““,l| i
prooeedings-actions for defnmatitfio/!! I '*'
terand suits damagcs-would havof„n ,,,(
costing more than the'value of th. • 0 ,0 **i
gethcr with the entire execration of 0 !,? 1 ’ 1 *
neighbors and every private friend ’ 7o '
domestics. But, happily, theinspeolwVrJ"!
sends a plain,. earncet-lookin E offiZ P .“P 11
nounoes himself as one of two deZi: ' ,bl> >«
X division, ..He settles the maitfe
utes. His examination is ended in fiv
connoisseur can determine a painter Z
at the first glance. oita.win, P ?£
vintage of n sherry by the. merest ei? '"*
detective at once.pounces upon the
the work of art under I flonsideralio n h i t '' lf
styles of performance, if.not upon
executant, upon the •■school” to whi*k P**
longs. Having .finished the
the inquiry, ho takes a short view of th™*
of your house, and makes an equality
investigation of the attic window fast? 7
His mind is made up, and most likolv f 1
address yomn those words: ' 1
■■ All right,, sir.. Tins is done bvon,;.
■ Dancing School ?’ ” ? 0l c 6| ., j
‘•lmpossible!” exclaims your ,
partner. “Why, our children™ to
Pattitoes, of No. Sir and. I assure voufr
highly respectable professor; As tohisp Bp ii
' Tb ,? j ,ot f C , t 1 !vo Blni S and inlorinpls ■<!),
ccrs,” he tolls us, •• is a name e i r J „V.
of burglars by whoto you
and every, branch of the thieving proftss “
divided info gangs which are termed <■ SoS
From No. 32 to the end of the street
are unfinished. The thief
topof one of these, and, then erased.to y
garret ” j • r :
‘‘Eutwe are twenty houses distant- -
did ho not favor one of my neighbors!"
ask.. ° •
‘■ Either uppermost atotios ho not so ptacl
cable, or the ladies have not such valnsb
jewels.” , ’
, “ But how.did the thieves know that?”
“ By,watching and inquiry. This again
haye been in preparation for more thai I
month. Your house has been watched; J
habits have -been ascertained. Theylii
found outwhenyou dine—how loagyouremt
in’lhe dining room. A day itfsolectcd; all
you are busy dining, 1 and your servants wiilii
on you, the thing is done. • Previously, mi
journeys have been made over the roofs,i
find out the best means of entering yoar hoi's
The attic fs chosen; the robber gels inli
creeps noiselessly, or ‘dances’ into (beplaeeit.
bo robbed.” . . i ..
“Is there any chance .of recovering cm
property?”, yon ask/ anxiously, l seeing Uw
whole matter at a glance; ; 1
“ I hope so. , I have sent some 1 brotheroS;
cers to watch the Fences’houses.”
“Fences.?”' ' ■
Fonces,” explains the detective, in reply
to your innocent wife’s inquiry, “areforcia
sors of stolen goods. Your jewels wiilionbe.
forced out of their settings and the pU mel
ted.” • ' v - 1
A suppressed' scream. ■
“We shall sec, if at an unusual hour of 111
night; there is any bustle in'or hear any of
these places; if 'any smoke ’is" coming out of.
any one of the furnaces, where the meltie;
lakes place, I shallgo and seek out the precia
garretteer’—that’s another name the plunder
■ ers givc themselves—ivhonil pnspeot; By tl
trying to ‘sell’ your domestic by placing t
ring and toothpick in ,thoir bed, I Oifnt I'knt
the man. The next morning you will'Snd
these; suppositions . TliailelMti
calls and obliges, yCn, hi
sleepless right,}'. : tint
stolen articles, and produces Bome.et
identification. In three 'months more yet
wife gets nearly every article back, ercej
some of the gold;'her damsel’s innocence i
fully established; and the .thief is taken fret
his ‘school’ to spend a long luinday in apem
colony. ■, ■ .• ; . •,,
Sometimes they are called upon to ihyestigal
robberies so executed, that nq human ingenuity
appears, to ordinary observers, capable of Had
ing the thief. The robber hap loft no tail;
not a trace. ' Every clue'seemsout off; butths
experience of a detective guides him into taih
invisible toother eyes. , Notlongsiuoeatrail
was> rifled at a fashionable hotel. . itho theftm
so managed, that ho auspioion could rest onu;
one. The detective .sergeant, who had to
sent.fo'r, fairly owned, aftbr' making, a minute
examination, that ho eould afford up hope of
elucidating the, mystery.' As lie.was leaving
the bed-room, however, in wh’icli theportma
tedu stood, ho. picked up an ordinal shirt
button from the carpet.. lie silently compittl
it with those which the thief had left beiiindii
‘the trunk. It did not match them.' Dorf
nothing, but liune about the hotel for the ret
of the day. Had he. been!narrowly.wateW
he would have been set down for an ccoealiii
critic of linen. Ilowaslopkingoutforashitl
front or n wrist-band without a button. Hi*
search was long and patient'; but at length it
was rewarded, pne of the inmates of the
house showed a deficiency in ’his dress, which
no one but a detective would'have noticed.—;
He looked as narrciwly as ho dared at the pat
tern of the remaining buttons. . It corresponded
with that of the little tcll-talo he had picked ufa
He went deeper into the subject, got a trace of
spmo of the stolen property, asoerlaihed a
connection between it and thesusjpeofed person,
confronted him with the owner of the trunk,
and finally succeeded in convicting him of lb
theft. At another hotel robbery, the blade if
a, knife, broken in the look of a portmanteau
formed the clue. The detective employed a
that case was for some time indefatigable in
seeking out knives with broken blades. H
length he found one belonging to ah undo'
waiter, who proved tp be the thief.
Tu e Amkiuc as Minibterin Paius.-J M* r
dated Paris,; November 10, saysiryl^ c ‘! D , , f f ' '
can Minister again throw; open, bis
doors a few evenings ago andbrougWW !
in n very brilliant and very agrcosbh' 6 ® /
the American colony in. I’aris, with » “I
sprinkling of .diplomacy and other foreign
inonts. Among the ladies, present ncW 6
for, tlieir position or boa,uty, or botl‘, wer^. in : 3 .
the amiable and charming ladies of wo 5
tor’s family, Mrs, Speneer, wife ol
and Miss Spencer ;( Mrs. Commodore o ’'
Mrs. Coleman, (daughter of Senator." ,
den,) and bliss Coleman; Mrs. Caldffebi I ,
Breckinridge, of Kentucky;) Mrs, 0 n „ jj.
King, of Alabama; Mrs. Dr. HitchOOoM
forpin, (Miss Hunter, of Virginia.) no ' .
Lillie Hitohoook; Mrs. Baas, of M lB |J ■ n o ,
Mrs. arid Miss Thorn, of .Louisianal on ’ „
bles, of Paris, (grand daughterof y j
Coster, of,Now York;) Mrs. Eagnani,
the,artist; Miss A. C. Johnson, $O.
Mrs. field, of New York ( Mrs. ButterfieUC''
York; Mrs. Estelle. Lewis,; the P o^ s ’’v or k
Hutton, Jr.,; the Misses Downing, of
and others. ‘ 1 r
Our Minister to Peru.— John B
is bu his way from Peru,' is a veteran dip <’ ,
list.. Ho went from Pennsylvania^
■folm Randolph, as his secretary of "Sr ,
St. Petersburg, where'ho afterwards M ,
the same capacity with Mr. Buchans >
has ever since been his friend. In
Clay was transferred to Vienna, where ••
secretary of legation until 1845, wheu
restored to : his 'position 1 at St. PctoraD
Mr. Buchanan;, then Secretary of - pt a "',, Dl
1847, Mr. Buchanan obtain'ed from Pre 4.^
Polk the appointment of charge d a®! ~4 J
■Peru for Mr. Olay, and in 1858 ho W 0
minister plenipotentiary.
6a,
.
*