I" QUIt COUNTRY—MAY XT ALWAYS BE KICtHT— OR WRONG, OUR. COUNTRY."
iIRTP.AN -VOIiTI-NTlilTfß tion and preferences, that the division could '
!iitiU/Li\ V UIJ U IJjiilt. , be rega ,,^ d a 8 hav - ing been fairly completed;
I —r ' and it was therefore not until 1839 that each
,iBhed every muRSDAy MORNiNo BY body could ascertain its own strength. We
vnitiv n nn ittaiv ■will therefore take the statistics of that year
•lUUJN B. BKAUwa. for both bodies as the starting-point, and com-
T F! H M S paring them with the published aggregates of
both for the present year, (1853,) give theper
[Plies’. — One Dollar and Fifty Cents, paid of increase, affixing the data on which
CO! Two Dollars if paid witbin tbo year; our calculation's i are made—which was not
; These to in done by the Kyangelist-that our readers may
iVfince, No subscription discontinued until determine for themselves the true State of the
fcgoa aro paid unless at the* option of tho oaso.
r! Nki7 School;
$
pjfENTS —Accompanied by tbc cash, and
'sep'aw o*c*»ouuig' one square, will bo insetted three
Those of a greater length in
. . ■ • , .. ,L
Jon‘Tphjf#f|kc^—Such fts Hand-bills, Posting-Wlls,
Labels, Ac, Ac., executed with
v: ■ r • r 'jp the shortest notice.
: AliiJiAN VOlitlNTm
pUSTTON. Editor & Proprietor
[sle; pa., march i>, iseo,
For the American Volunteer.
fEBIAN STATISTICS”—AGAIN.
. —Tlio communication in a recent
)ur paper; relating to “ Presbyte
!a,” was read by mo with no little
ind truth requires that it should
. The opening paragraph evinces
;h, in view of the origin and de
rtiolo assailed, is peculiarly arror
msivo. “Why.” asks the writer,
icd to draw this contrast f What
if .this array of contrasts ? Can
ike- it?” y Me has certainly mis
wbuld hono others, do so too c and
’Miom have “a peculiar signed
inch so as the-“hated contrasts,"
the truth is known,;will tell,in
mtemplated by the interrogator.
)t by whom the communication
from which you made the extract
i criticised; but this Ido know'—
I - forth by an. article which np-
New School Preehjterian Qm r
tentitlod “ The Old School and
Theolgy,” where the writer as
iperiority of the Now over the
heolgy, :To show-that this was
'assertion, the author of the com
in question, says, among other
le two Theologies have had a trial
ity years. They have had a fair
to b) tested as to their respective
licncy in preaching, by actual
And the result must be admit
woigh any mere speculations on
Ke, then, introduces the “ con-
, . . New School Review, by its nr
|i&gonj|;opinw to a superior theology and great*
gave origin to. the oommunicath n
'io “ contrasts”—the one was a
id complete ajiswerto the other*
mipatiou was hot written for any
ty papers,” but for the Phlladol
■torian,” ahd not-with a airiUter;
in reply to an exceedingly qbjoc
jlo which' had previously appear--
iforosald . Review—objectionable,,
is not only “invidious,” but “hot
loulated, if not intended, to “pro
ig impression.” And yet your
it inquires, why has he wished
Contrast? What is the spirit of
contrasts? Can any one mis
’ one man publishes what is false
j, has not another man aright io
cd has not any editor a right.ti
section, in whole or in part, Cfpo
jntain facts of general inter st { —
to awaken and deejon prejudices
Old School; your Co respondent
the offending author of the con
me object in them” Doubtless he
' sensible writer has—but not the
jed by the suspicious and jealous
reason or design is manifest in
.tVe whimupication containing the “contrasts.
: TBeseoofawfistS arc truthful and reliable—not
a, because of their first appear
once This paper is
of decided talent, de>
r and who would
» Beomiidoiiig' or couutenanoing a mean or dis
-honorable act. Your correspondent; however,
. fntiniatea rthat it is “ a strongly partisan par
: ■pdfs’?,'biiiy eo\-far, I admit, as it is a parly to
s to error in doctrine and
• ini the offensive sonseof the term,
"j, pbt^^djiW^lwrtlzan'paper,” I think, as
s thfi|ift|^|T(>jD»,'which he quotes—as the se
i will show.
Presbyterian gives a gono
*. J^!vidvdm| ? School Church, carefully
its editors, who is also the
“ Staiedi : Blerereffith'e General Assembly; and
;■ to gratify a reasonable
among its readers—the
; church have been com*
be other. This was done
te the Old School church
as both Now and Old
m of the division, fifteen
to New. York Evangelist
•probation of the course
.’s of tho Pnslyt -rian in
ion, charging mom with
■y & sii a )r comparisons
loottf-.1, sel-complacent
-h stating what was not
avenge itself upon them
•ead before its readers a
"®k> if reliable', surely
there to hide their “ di
ns counter-statement of
•3, your correspondent
to his communication,
by the Presbyterian, of
• material part of that
ate hero. After copy
increase, ns given by
mblisbed by your cor
terian remarks;—“Our
open their eyes over
ive no doubt that many
■othren wore almost as
•y would have been 1 if
m a given night in com
/aked up next morning
•her than any of their
.by a long odds,potter
;ht. As for ourselves,
•t our cotomporary had
guilty oi . —mg in his arithmetic,
rom the moment we saw his statements,’ as
re are now, when wc havo examined tho data,
ittdiitecertained -that- there is no foundation
.bp biy, conclusions.”
!. ‘ Alf oandid periods, we presume, will agree
11 year whieii must bo rogardel
Spa pbint for such calculations.
Acta” wore passed in 1837.
Gonoral Assemblies took
lace iii ISSSfIiUt nt that time there could, of
bf judging as to how for
jpiddhurones generally would go
il'jth cithej’body;' and it was, not until the'
Men-before them, and they had'
yußtod according to their convio
■ / 1839;', 1853. Increase.
Synods, 24 * 23 loss oil.
Presbyteries, 85 208 27 per cent.
Ministers, 1181 . , 1670 33 "
Churches, . 1286 1626 26 "
Communicants, 100,850 110,462 39 "
Old School. .
1839. 1853. Increase.
17 - '2B 66 per cent.
90’*-- 143 49 "
Synods,
Presbyteries,
1243
1823
Ministers,
Churches,
Communicants, 128,043 219,203 71 u
These results very materially alter the case
from the aspect in -which it was. presented by
the EvangilUf* This may bo seen still more
forcibly, when the, results are arranged in
immediate contiguity.
New School. Old School
Increase. Increase
loss of 1. , C 5 per cent
27 per cent. 49 , “
K ' '' ~
Synods,
Presbyteries,
Ministers, 33
Churches, 20 • "
Communicants, 39 . u
These results turn the tables upon the Evm
gclist, as will ho seen from the following ;
Evangelists’ Statement.
New School. Old School.
Increase. Increase.
03 per cent. 47 per cent.
80 “ 34 “
71 " 20 “
42 “ 23 “
74 “ 23 “
Synods,
Presbyteries,
Ministers,
ClmrcbcH, . -
Communicants,
Corrected Statement. ■'
iVeui School . Old School
Increase. 1 . Increase,
loss of 1. ■ , 05 por coat.
27 per coat. .49 “
33 " 72 "
20 . “ 58 “
Synods,
Presbyteries,
Ministers,
Churches.
Communicants; 39 , “
If our cotcmporary had deliberately taken
the statistics of the Old School and given them
to the School, and vice versa, he could
scarcely have made a wider blunder than that
which ho has published to the world.- The
true results, indeed, as will' be seon, quite
nearly approach what would have been the.;
case had such an exchange been actually
male.
Ybur readers may well ask by what moans
did the Evangelist arrive at its extraordinary
conclusiono, - Having asked the same ques
tion ourselves, and most earnestly sought to
satisfy ourselves, wo can only throw upontho
minds of : others the few rays of light which
have dawned upon our own. No tables are
iappbhded.to the,New School Minutes for 1838,
so that wo have no ineans of knowing from
official sources, what ministers and churches
they counted with them that year; but on re
ferring to our Minutes ’for 1838, it will, bo
seen, that with the exception of the Synods
-which had been exscinded by the previous
Assembly, the remainder of the Now School
ministers, churches, &c., still appear on our
list—they not having, as yet, declared off—
By thus counting some 450 of their ministers
—amongst whom are Dvs. Boman, Beecher,
ErSkine Mason, I’atton, Fisher, and others,
(and churches, in proportion,) our num
ber of ministers amounts to 1090—whereas in
1839, when those .N cw School (ben had gone
into their own body, and thus completed the
division, wo had but 1243. Now, by thus
taking the tables of 1838, before the division
was practically completed through the church,
and counting their* own men and churches ns
ours, and thus swelling our numbers at the
start, of course it can bo made to appear that
our per contage of increase has been much
lens than it really has been, and that of the'
Now School proportion ably greater than it
ought to he. It is only by some such process
as this, that wo can form any conjecture as to
the data on which.the Evangelist founded its*
results, and even then we have not succeeded
in arriving at the same astounding totals. As
to the fairness of such a proceeding, we have
nothing to say; whether Drs. Boman, Beochpr,
Patton, and others', belonging to the Old
Softool after the two bodies were really divi
ded,, the public know sufficiently Well. Our
readers may judge, howc.vcr, with how much
propriety our cotomporary, after such a pro
ceeding, can accuse us of drawing “sinister
comparisons and stating what was not true.”
In giving the foregoing refutation of the as
tounding statement of the Evangelist, I have
no sinister purpose, nor do I wish to “ foster
self-gratulations and invidious comparisons,”
but simply to state the truth and nothing but
the truth. Your correspondent has endeavor
ed to make it appear, by his extract from the
Evangelist,- that the Stated Clerk of the Old
School General Assembly has published what
was false, and declares that the New School
church has grown and prospered to a much
greater extent than the Old School I (Can he
really believe what he reports?) My object
has been to prove that the very opposite is
the truth, as the facts above will show—and
that the misrepresentation, whether intended
or not, must rest with your correspondent et
id genus omne, to whom it most appropriately
belongs. Veritas.
Correspondence of tlio American Volunteer.
LETTER PROM BRAZIL.
“ Fazenda dos Macacas, , j
Province of Bid de Janerio, J-
February 15, 18G0. J
To the Editor of the u American Volunteer,"
Here, six thousand miles from old Carlisle.
I, as well as others of its residents who have
never been any_ distance from that dear old
place, think of it as I was no/ wont to think
of it when it was my homo. It seemed so
dull, so quiet, that I hardly expected that my
feet should barely touch the.snores of “ Bra
zil” before my thoughts should revert to “ Old
Carlisle;” and'that I should so soon almost
wish myself back again
“Among Us shady walks
And beauteous fair.'*
I always think of Carlisle as “bright and
sunny." I can think of no other place that
presents the same appearance to my mind’s
eye. Surely ray life there must have'boon a
happy one to have loft so bright an impres
sion.
Like water; Carlisle must bo done wilh
out, to to fully appreciated.' With what plea
sure do I think of my return there j to see fa
cer that will brighten, and cause mine to
brighten, through joyful hearts, made joyful
by again meeting after a long separation:
whoso owners wilitako mo by tno' hand and
welcome mo bomb once more with a true wel
come, I pray that this dream of happiness
may bo realized. But, inscrutable are the
■ways of I'rovidenco; I cani but dream on and
hope for tbo best.
1 suppose you are aware that niy father- is
a member of the firm that have undertaken to
complete, the “ Second sectiop” of the “Don
Pedro II Rail-Road,” in Brazil,', a piece of
road only seventeen miles long, but full of
difficulties; probably no more difficult piece of
road has oyer been projected. The ‘'Second'
section” includes the lino botwebtr “ Belim”
(pronounced BcliUg) and “Brandao” (pro
nounced Brandong.j ,
The ‘.‘First section” from Rio do Janerio to
Belem (38 miles,) is now in successful opera
tion. It was built by an English contractor.’
The first section was of comparatively casy
construction.
The rainy season has now sot in, which is
a considerable drawback to the work outside
of the tunnels entered; but so much has been
done the first dry season, that the company
will not suffer much inconvenience from the
retardation of the “ out door work,” as there
is ample time tojinish it in., The.wetseason
does not entirely stop the out side work, but
it renders progress slow. ,
“ The job” of the second section, is the
“ Tunnel Grande,”,at Bi'andao. It is under
the immediate supervision of an old, and tried
railroad contractor, and progresses as well as
it could be made to progress, by one who un
derstands his business thoroughly.
My father,, his sister, and four of his chil
dren, including myself, soiled from Baltimore
for Rio do Janeiro on May 30th, 1859, in the
now, Comfortable, and fast barque, “Ade
laide,” (did any one ever go to sea in a slow
vessel ?) Our Captain proved to be a gentle
man, a very pleasant companion, and a sai
lor; our-Steward was a very kind and accom
modating man; “ and ho knew how to make
good bread, and made-it;” our cook was a
good one, because he was under the directions
of a good steward. The crow, wore all young,
willing and active, but no storms of any con
sequence arose to tost their courage.
Wo were eight days in “ Cheasapoake Bay,”
owing to head winds, during which time sea
sickness disguised, made its appearance
amongst us. I- hardly knew whether to bo
encouraged or discouraged by its appearance,
as it only attacked my Aunt and Sister, and,
in a very light form. But -we wore barely
upon the bosom of the “ mighty deep” (I en
dorse that sentiment) when “ sea sickness”
unadorned, seized me in its sickening grasp;
I, who had been.quite bravo", that is, not much
afraid of sea-sickness; I who had • often eat
upon the jibboon and our vessel
pitching into the’ big waves (as I thought) on
the bay and never felt a qualm ;' succomod to
a stronger power, the bigger waves of the At
lantic —and acknowledged myself sick. “ A
sicker boy you never saw.”
I should like to ■’convoy to my friends of
Carlisle, a full and graphic description of the
feelings one has to labor under, who suffers
from sca-sioknesa. There is no sickness on !
shore, that in,“force, of character," “knock
a-man-down,” and “ use-a-roan-up” power,
can at all compare with 1 sea-sickness. Leay-.
ing “Cholera," “ Yellow fever,” and other
diseases of that class out of the catalogue, I
suppose that it. attacks,every one pretty much
in the same manner, So I shall endeavor to,
give a description of the feelings which I la
bored under during quite an aggravating at
tack of this malady; in the meantime longing
for the genius of a “ Shakespeare, "that I might
make my description toll—“the truth, and
nothing but the truth.” Although attempted
exaggeration of the strongest kind could not
—according to my notion—make, things out
any worse than the truth itself. ■>
I was sitting in the cabin reading, I be
lieve, when suddenly a strange feeling crept
over mo, entirely now to mo; and which I
did not relish at all. Not liking the strange
course of my internal arrangements, I started
for my favorite spot, the jibboon, for the pur
pose of defying the waves as I had done on the
bay. “But often how futile are man’s best
efforts,” I looked at the waves a short time,
and concluded that defying “them fellers”
did not make me feel a whit belter, so I went
back to, the cabin and attempted to talk and
joke, the feeling off, (imagine the jokes) but
sea-sickness is., a serious follow, and would
not bo joked with; so I went to my room, laid
began arguing with myself, thus—
whethcf’ it would do for me to yield after de
termining not to be sick, or, whether I had
no,t better “ try again” to shako the feeling
off. I concluded to go up on deck and try a
little ex(#cisc, but alas! I could not go, my
2139 72 “
2879, 58 "
72 »
68 "
71 "
71 “
logs refused thoir office, my brain was in a
whirl, I felt faint, and yet “ the ship kept
’ bohhihg round.” Shortly the steward made
me feel my true condition, by asking mo what
I would like for dinner. I could barely grunt.
’ “ nothing.” Ho then asked mo, what is the
matter ? (lie knew and grinned. I answered
him that I thought I was getting a little sick.
Ho cheered mo, however, by, telling mo that
when I got over it “ I would feel much bet
ter,” doubtless meaning better than before I
was taken sick. For two days the vessel and
I rolled in company. I dranlc chicken broth,
and grunted, until a dose of “blue mass,”
“no/’of the deep blue sea,” kindly adminis
tered by the Captain, brought me to my sen
ses, and legs, and, “Richard was himself
again.” During my sickness, my desire for
a prolonged existence in this fleeting world,
very materially diminished. A sea-sick per
son never gets any sympathy. Away, ye de
ceivers, that laughingly write about sea-sick
ness, and call it nothing, merely an unpleas
ant feeling of but short duration; If any one
does need sympathy it is the sea-sick.
Wo wore fifty daj's from “ Cape Henry” to
the entrance of the “Bay of Rio de Janeiro,”
which was considered quite a favorable voy
age for the season of the year; other vessels
has ing made passage's of from sixty to seven
ty days.
You have ho doubt heard of the beauties of
the Bay of Rio, and its . grand surrounding
scenery. Oh! what a pleasure to us poor
salted and “ cured ones of the sea,” was the
sight of this magnificent bay: lofty rugged
outlines of mountains and.'peaks, far back in
to the interior of the country, and mountains
projecting into the very sea, on both sides of
the entrance of the bay: and peak after peak,
hill after hill, as far as the eye could roach ;
and the beautiful city of R:o de Janeiro,
stretched along the loft shore of the bay, on
tops of hills, down in valleys, and indeed, hou
ses porchol upon places really startling to
behold ; but perfectly secure; for Rm stands
upon solid granite rock, and is built of the ,
same material.
Tho “ Sugar ,Loaf,” a solid rock of granite
1000 foot high, so named from its resemblance
to a “ loaf of i u jar,” is a strange and striking
sight (o ono accustomed only to viewing sober
nature, as I was before coming to Brazil. It
stands'to'the lo;t of the" entrance of the har
bor, a id is a beacon to the mariner far out at
tea—i never to ho mistaken landmark. On
tuo right of the entrance of tho bay is Ft.
Santa Cruz, which, with its white walls and
bristling fannon, presents a very imposing
appearance. Every vessel, upon entering' the
harbor is hailed from this fort, in tho language
CARLISLE, PA^TfIURSD|fiS|LRCE - i
that ita “flag apeaks 'An tiMutelligible
conversation vVas carried ombetwyep our Cap
tain and the " inttn vvho spea
king trumpets, The trumpbt vtsjMlat the fort
is a tremendous resem
blance to a huge cahnott vessel's
name, port, cargo, and jltnflljbr biSdays out,
are the questions generally : put en
tering the hhrbori , ■' : "5?
Being on an oscurßioH boy not long
since, I noticed small the
rocks in all manner of on£*f thpSjray places,
some mounting one, sqjpfe tvro,;n.na; some no
guns; all wearing a yery. deWpidiifo'd and in
dent appearance; they wore built no , doubt
in tirires long past, when Brh'zitiiytts the seat
of troubles and turmoils, . ;
On the left of the “'Sugaas|>psiKf some few,
miles distant; looms, far ::ibbvqylho Siiga-
Loaf, the. book-renowned;'.‘iCqtj|iVad6," a
peak 2300 feet high ; from! the : which a
view, for variety,- sublimity,;:aij|i;grandeur,
cannot be surpassed by any In
company with my friend, the BnV. Mr; S, of
Harrisburg, Pa., I once inado thj|tather difii
cult ascent. Horses Or muiesrdp go nearly
to the top, and even ip the top. viy ft great dit
ficulty; still my friend and myspjl; preferred:
our own “natural propellers,"ptt&j.l knowing,
that we would bo more free to having
animals to think of and provld’esfor. We
started from the city at halt past on
a fine bright morning, and,, affiled at the
summit; about 10 o'clock, drstan,^' along the
inclined road, nine miles. We? however,
walked very leisurely, and strayod'.oftcn from
the path to, examine anything of interest which
we discovered ; and nine . miles up hill on a
warm day, caused us to stop and examine
things, which,'had yt6 beeii going down hill,
wo might have passed by unnoticed, Mr.;
Ewbank, in his book.on. Brazil, ih.describing.
a trip up the “ Coroavadb," thus speaks of ,a
“level, place" vvhich ho :afrives-rat On. the
road: ‘
“Xbo saints bo praised ! alcvcl spot, onwbicb to.
rest a' moment, is at length attained. -My poor nag
blows as if bis lungs, like' apnir of damaged.
lows, wore ruptured-.. Tbcroad we cliiabc'm
must at least bo on angle of do°—-[Here air. EwbanTc;
makes a great mistake/as in ; : ifs steepest
place is not more'than 20°, diid geucraUy
10°, and somo portions dbn fnctiftbo;
tolal ascent is about, 4°,
tod]—a heavy drag- for horsesj' and nOi-lcsa foi' (uir
peons (servants.) Yet slaves, itla said, con aider the
job a treat) and enjoy it ns mncjgas tljcir masters.!'
I know, two ‘‘free white persons’* who also
considered the job a treat. ' '
I assure you that itfsajob tojlscend the
“Circavndo,” but, upon arriving%t the top,
W’o were doubly repaid,fbf .all,:exertions,:
for really, the view' I .On one
.’Side lay the ocean, all cplm l on the
'Ofhqr the city of Bib, :th£yb'ty, ! |md “Praya
Grand!," (a city of 10,000 ihhahil;ants oppo
site Rio,) completely mapped.buf; a veritable
“bird’s eye view,” -The shipping: looks like
mere dots, andyps Mr. ’Ewbank says, “the
city might be taken for an abandoned brick
yard.” He might have
about to bo. abaiulurKMi, for- tlio city cau be
seen, and-different points rocogivizcq Tory well,
nevertheless. But the bouses appear ‘.‘mighty '
small.”,: ' '
On. one side of tho summit wc-imred down
porpondicularly.looo fenti- a giddy
height! Did you ever gaze 'dbfdn, '/‘Straight
down,” 1000 feet? ■ It is apt to cause strange’
sensations to creep over one. I threw an in-,
dated orange-peel • overheard, and saw it.be-’
come smaller and smaller, and beautifully
less, untilit,was lost to sight, but long before
it reached the.tops of the tali trees far, far
below.
As there are two roads which verge into
ono about half way up’the mountain, Mr. S.
and myself concluded, to try a new one on our
return homo'; wo accordingly followed the
road, along.which the “Carioca , Aqueduct”
threads ■ its tortuous course, precisely in the
manner of a worm fence. It was so built ow
ing to the nature of the ground.. , The greatest,
length of aqueduct without an angle did not
much exceed 100 feet; and many sections
wore much less. The water is convoyed in a
gutter, about nine inches deep, and the same
wide; but it is never more, than, two-thirds
full. Although Rio is'granite, its hills gran
ite, and its valleys formed in granite, yet the
blocks forming this gutter were brought from
Portugal. The gutter is inclosed completely,
inquite an imposing piece of masonry; con
taining openings at different points largo,
enctigh to admit the head and shoulders. I
poked my head into one, and thus had a view
of the tiny stream which supplies.a considor
ble portion of the population of, Rio with
clear, cool water. One might suppose, by
looking at the stream, that a thirsty ox could
almost cause a serious draught, by merely
poking his head through one'of the openings,-
and taking a drink ;’ but no danger need be
apprehended on. that point, “so long ns the
cattle of the country wear such immense
horns." The hornsof the cattle of Brazil are
tremendous, often measuring five feet from tip
to tip. ■'
Over part of the bity, : the water is carried
by means of quite, a grand aqueduct, consist
ing of double tiers of arches, the whole about
CO feet high, and about ten broad. The length
of this archway, according to Mr. Ewbank’s
statement,' is 833 feet. The whole aqueduct
is about six miles long. The “Carioca Aque
duct" is full of interest to the stranger, height
ened by the romantic scenery along its course;
and also by the fact that it is not known
who wore the projectors or. executors of this
great work, now some two hundred, years
old.
The city of Rio is very well built; the hou
ses huingvory substantial, on account of tho
material in them, and also from tho extreme
t liokness of tho vails. Rio is always ready
for an earthquake; not, however, that any is
expected. I think that an earthquake would
greatly astonish tho people of our cities in
A'racrida.
Rio is the best lighted-city in the world,
and owing to tho great number of lights being
placed upon hillsides, a beautiful view can.be
had from tho bay at night. I never grow
weary of looking at this brilliant scene as we
lay at anchor the night we arrived in the bay.
They reap in Rio theyWibonoat of that great
improvement gas.
■ One great source of annoyance to tho stran
ger entering Rio, is tho trouble which gener
ally has to bo undergone, in getting baggage
through the Custom House, (Alfandega.) I
had two days’ experience in getting our fami
ly baggage through. I had, at one time, ta
ken it all on shore in a boat, and, for some
unaccountable reason, had to put it all on
board tho vessel again. Tho weather being
wot and close, tended considerably towards
putting mo in a bad humor, but I was afraid
to get angry; 1 had hoard, or road some
where, that to evince tho least impatience
whilst tho officers wore examining your bag
gage, only made the proceedings grow slower;
ana that if you lot your temper rise, and be
gan pitching your things out “bolter skelter,”
as much as to say, “Look ahead, will ye? I'm
not trying to smuggle anything, Hr. Officer,'
then, it is said, tho movements of officials un
der these circumstances,"are “fearfUl to bo
hold."
1860.
The Brazilians are naturally a slow people,
and do not seem to enter time in their calcu
lations ; Don Pedro II R. R, Co., &c., except
ed ! they are now Americanized.
Tho duties which have to be paid upbn
some foreign products are amazing. Some
molasses consigned to a firm here, had duties
put upon it which came to.more than the ori
ginal cost per gallon. Rather bitter swOets.
This, however, I suppose to bo a “protective
tariff,”‘as molasses is a product of this coun
try. . -
The “Post Office” of Rio do Janeiro is a
model of imperfection. Letters are merely
thrown upbn a counter to be looked over, by
the. public themselves ; “first come; first serv
ed,” or “first come, first grab," You should
See the rush after the English mail steamers
arrival 1
„ A gentleman from the United S(a'cs, who
had formerly been a Post Master in some of
our cities, voryf'kindly offered to regulate
their system, ami place it upon a footing with
ourj; but his offer was rejected; and they
still persist in their miserable plan—to an
American, perfectly ridiculous;
There are numerous hotels in Rio, the best
of which for a'stranger is the “Hotel dos Es
trangoiros.” The building is very commodi
ous, and .the living good. What plan it is
conducted, upon I do not know; 1 believe it is
called the European plan. Our family, were
( at this house, until our preparations for living
“up the. line” had been completed. The
American Minister, the Hon. R; K. Meade,
of Virginia, a friend of both my father and
his sister,: also has his rooms at this hotel;
making our stay here quite pleasant. Our
Consul, Robert G. Scott, Jr., Esq., of Va.', and
his beautiful wife, (an American lady,) reck
oned by the “knowing ones” tho handsomest
lady in all Rio. city, were living at a hotel
quite.taeav oiir own, and through their tfnd
Mr. Meade’s kind attentions, our family were
made to feel as if they were not five thousand
miles from those they loved. Thanks to Mr.
Meade and Mr. and Mrs. Scott.
RVVc are now living upon n ‘.‘fazenda” or
intation, called “Fazenda dos Macacos”—
anlation of the Monkeys. Our house is'
rather in the plain order of architecture, but
"Still wo are living very comfortably.
" Major Ellison, tho chief engincernf the Don
P. II R. R., has his wife and family living
upon the same fazenda in a house somewhat’
larger and better'than our own. . They came
first and had first pick. Our family owe much
to Major Ellison and . family for kind atton-.
tions.shown us since our arrival at “Maca
cos.” ■. .; ■ •
Two American families living within'fifty
yards of each other, is extremely pleasant, and
is not often to be seen in this country. We
hear so much more of English than we do of
Portuguese, that our progress in acquiring the
latter language has been slow.
Mr. Goo. Lyne and wife, from Carlisle, arc
enjoying good health,-and he, I believe, is do
ing voy well; He has charge of quite a con
siderable ruck cut.near Eraudoo.
Mr. Thomas Dwin; also of Carlisle, has con
tracted for the first,, second, arid part of the
third sections of the ‘.‘Second Section” of the
R. R. ; He has push id his work on rap
idly so far, and deserves much credit for the
mannet’ hr which he has dme it. He will
finish about April or May, and then I. believe
he will start for Carlisle. Probably he may
obtain some other'work. :
yS.'S?-
The soil about Macacos is chiefly a red clay,
though not stiff like that of Cumberland coun
ty. Good brick cannot bo made from it., A
very good roofing file is made of it, however.
Corn thrives well hero, some quite fine look
ing has attained the,height often feet in this
fazenda,in comparatively a short space of
time, about two-thirds of the time it would
take in the States;-but if never attains the
perfection of our fine corn. . ■ .
Steep hills, unlike most of ours at home,
have good soil completely. to their summits;
hills, say nearly one thousand feet high. On
such hills, some of course much smaller, cof
fee grows. I can . say that I have soon a
mountain of coffee; at least a very large hill.
A bean called “Foijao” (pronounced Fa
Johng,) is also planted upon.hill sides, andis
remarkably productive. It is the great food
of this country. The bean is black and bears
ho resemblance to any bean which I have ever
seen at homo, in taste. Like bread, it can be
oaten every day tvithont causing a dislike for
it. The, negroes of Brazil eat hardly any
thing else.
Our Christmas and New Y'erffa day Ijere
did not seem at all natural; wo spent both
chiefly in thinking how our fx-ionds in the
States wore passing them.
• Hoping that Christmas and New Years
brought their'usual amount of happiness to
the young and old hearts of Carlisle, I will
bring my letter to a close, which has now
reached a much greater length than was a
first intended. Yours truly,
Nationai, Boasting. —“Ah,” said an En
lishman, the otlior day, " I belong to a coun
■y upon which the sun never sets.” “And
I,” said a Yankee, “ belong to a country of
wh'c’i there can bo no correct, map—it grows
so fast the surveyors can’t keep up with it.”
THE LAWYER'S VALENTISE.
I’m notified—fair neighbor mine—
By one of our Profession,
That this—the Term of Valentino—.
Is Cupid’s Special Session,
|&mit me, therefore, to report
-"■yMysclf on this occasion,
Quito ready to proceed-to Court,
And iilo my Declaration.
I’vo an-Attachment for you, too;
A legal aud a strong one ;
0, yield unto tho Process, do;
Nor let it ho a long one 1
No scowling bailiff lurks behind;
Ilo’d bo a propious noddy,
Who, failing to arrest the mind,
Should go aud Take tho Body.
For though a form like yours might throw
A sculptor in distraction ;
I couldn’t serve a Capias—no— -
I’d scorn so base an Action f
0, do not toll mo of your youth,
And turn away demurely ;
For, though you’re very young, ia’truth,
YouTo not an-Infant, surely t
Tho Caso is everything to mo;
My heart is love’s own tissue;
Don't plead a Dilatory Plea ;
Lot’s have tho Oencral Issue.
Or, Since you’ve really no Defense,
Why not, this present Session,
Omitting all absurd pretense,
, Give Judgment by Confession ?
So shall you,ho my lawful wife;
Aud I—your faithful lover—
Bo Tenant of your heart for Life,
With no .Remainder ever!
r;, jk,
poitif.nl.
nv jonx o. saxe.
MMimms.
Arctic Perils in Minnesota.
A party of five men started from Georgetown,
n new station on the Buffalo river, about 200
miles from the Red River settlement, in the
latter part of-December,' to go to Fort Garry.
They expected to be five days on tho road,
and hod provisions only for that time. In two
or three days their mules gave out, and soon
starvation threatened them, as they realized
that they were lost upon a trackless prairie.
One of their number got through to Pembina
and brought back assistance ih time to'save
all but one, Mackenzie, tho leader of the par
ty, who had startoloff alone for aid and been
lost. Ilia body was afterwards found and his
wanderings were traced. On the first night
after leaving his companions he made towards
a clump of trees, with the intention, probably,
of kindling afire'. If such, was his object be
seems to bavp been unable to accomplish it;
and his beaten track shows that to keep him
self from freezing, he had spent the hours of
that loanromo night in running round in a,
circle. With the brerk of day, ho started
again across tho trackless waste, every step
that he took carrying him further and further
from tho spot which ho was straining every
nerve to reach. Another weary day of fruit
less travel was followed by a second night
mire dreary than the ’first.. Again he
managed to stave oft’ what lie must have felt
to have been the hour of his dissolution by
long hours of ceaseless activity. A third day’s
j urney brought him towards Lac des Roseaux.
Here he attempted to run around as before.
But the strength which had hitherto sustained
him, npw forsook him. He dragged his tired
footsteps through the snow towards a tree,
from-which he plucked a branch and hung
thereon a shred of his tattered coat as a sig
nal to mark his dismal resting place ; he next
tore off another branch of the same tree, which
he placed ns a,'pillow for his bold bed, and
then laid upon it his weary head and died,
Tho powerful body and determined spirit
which had so long braved the mercilessstorm,
in spito of hunger and fatigue, had at last to
succnmb I His right hand was on. his heart,
and his loft hung by his side, firmly holding
a compass. The body; gave indications of
having undergone intense suffering. Some
portions of it. had been frozen and thawed
many times in succession, before death inter
vened and released him from further anguish;
CHEERFULNESS.
Tonics, stiniulatiyos, medicines I There’s
nothing in all the pharmacopoeia half so in- ,
spiriting as a cheerful temper I' Don’t fancy
yourself a victim! Don’t, go through the
world with a face half a yard long! Don’t
persuade yourself that everything happens
wrong 1 My dear sir, T/oicaret'-.o only person
that is wrong, when you say , that this is a
world'of trial and trouble 1 It is a, great deal
bettor to be without an arm, .or. a leg, than to
lack cheerfulness! What if the globe does
not roll ronnd in the precise direction you
i' want it to ? , Make the best of it,. Put a plea
sant face on the matter, and don’t go about
vest of mankind. If you ate in’ want of an
example, look at the birds, dr the flowers, or
the very sunshine on the grass! Show us
one grumbler in all Nature’s wide domains I
The man who is habitually gay and cheerful
has found the- true philosopher’s stone—there
is no cloud so dark but he sees tlio blue sky
beyond—no trouble so calamitous but he finds
some blessing left him to thank Providence
for. He may be poor and destitute, but ho |
walks olad.in an armor that all the mines ot
Golconda cannot purchase.. Snow and rain
cannot penetrate it—scorn and contumely fall
harmless, from its surface. The storm" that
sinks a less courageous craft can only, compel
him to trim his sails and try again I And
somehow, these people that keep trying, and
always solute her ladyship with a bright face,
are . the prime favorites of Fortune. Who
would.be a more thermometer, to rise and fall
in spirit with every change. of life’s atmos
phere? . .
Whenever wo see', a man sighing, and bil
lions, and despondent, about anythfng and
everything, wo know it is not his bodily,' but
his mental health that is out of’ gear,’ Cheer
fulness is all,he wants. Let him put on the
spectacles of his merry-hearted neighbor, and
it is wonderful what a different complexion
the world will wear I No matter how thick
and fast vexations may come—there’s nothing
like a' bright little ray of the soul’s, sunshine
to dispense them. Counted in dollars and
cents, your wealth may be but a paltry sum,
but if you have a cheerful temper, you are
rich !—Life Illustrated.
Prince Metternich on Insanitv. —But to
return to my conversation, with Prince Met
tornich. > He related to me several anecdotes
of singular cases of insanity which he had met
with when visiting lunatic asylums in com
pany with Gall. _ They once saw two lovers
in the same institution, who had become de
ranged in consequence of a sudden and cruel
separation. They no longer knew one ano
ther as objects of mutual affection, although
they were constantly raving to bo united.—
When brought together, they acknowledged
being acquainted, but each said the other was
not the beloved one. Both wore insane on
this point. Poor creatures I how different to
the cherished image of former days each may
have become in the other’s eyes. The prince
mentioned, too, the case of a'distinguished
mathematician, whoso dirangemcnt consisted
in his mistaking the number 5 for an 0 in all
his calculations. In speaking of period'cd
insanity and suicide, ti e prince told mo that
GfiU considered all suicides to bo insane. lie
related the case of a tailor who had jumped
into the Danube, and'when rescued had told I
how an angel had appeared to him, and enti
ced him to spring off the bridge. lie had
heard of several instances of n similar expla
nation of their conduct having been given hr
suicides before their dead). One was that of
a woman who had climbed upon the roof of a
house, and then Jumped oil. f She became col
lected before she died, and related how an
a no-el had suddenly appeared to her and had
enticed her upon the roof.. When there, he
hovered before her, and so allured her that in
attempting toreach him, sire fell to the ground.
Cases of monomania tho prinoo considered ns
strong evidence of the truth of Gall's system;
and in all cases of insanity ho was convinced
that tho brain was either primarily or indi
rectly affected by bodily disease. Ho told mo
that it had booh proved in Paris that gamb
ling and politics were the principal causes of
suicide. Ho added that many minds became
unhinged in consequence of frequently attend
iig the debates—a characteristic idea of his
highness.— Fraser’sMajazinc.
CC7*Tho Milwaukee-News says the boet
... , protector from mosquitoes will ‘bo obtained
very strange that I never meet with any pno
who is equal in oonee to mytfolf.'
Aster’s Avarice.
•The following amusing. anecdote is told.of
John Jacob Aster, in the double character of
n patron of literature and parsimonious hie*
ncy-bolder, which appears to be exceedingly'
characteristic!
Among the subscribers to Audubon'S mag
nificent work on Orintbology, the price of'
which was §l,OOO per copy, appeared, .the
name of John Jacob Astor. During the .pro
gress of the work, the prosecution of which,
was exceedingly expensive, Mr.-Audubon of
course called upon several of his subscribers
for payments. It so happened that. Mr. As
tor, (probably that he might not be troubled
about small matters) was not, applied to be
fore the delivery of all the letter-press and
plate. Then, however,. Audubon asked for
his thousand dollars; hut he was put off with
one excuse or another. “Ah, Mr; Audubon,"
would'the’owner of millions observe* “ you
come at a bad time; money is very scarce; 1'
have nothing in bank; I have invested all my
funds." : -
At length, the sixth time, Audubon called
npon Astor for his thousand dollars;. As ho
was ushered into his presence; he foundwm.
B. Astor, the son, conversing with the father;
No sooner did the rich man ace the man of
art, than he began, “ Ah, Mr. Audubon, so
you have come again for your money., Hard
times, Mr; Audubon, money, very
But just then catching an inquiring look from
his son, he changed his tone. “However,
Mr. Audubon, I suppose we must let you have
some of your money if possible. William,"
lie added, calling to his son, who had walked
into an adjoining -parlor,' have we any mom
cy am all in the bank?" “ Yes, father,” re-;
plied the son, supposing ho was asked an
earnest question pertinent to what they h»id
been talking about when the ornithologist,
came in,‘‘■wo have 522,000 in the Bank of
New York, 570,000 in (ho Merchants', 598,-
400 in the- Mechanics’, 583,000 —” that’ll do; :
that’ll do,’’exclaimed John Jacob, interrupt
ing him. “It scorns that William can give
you a check for your money.”— Com Bulletin,
' Water—lts Transformations.
There is no material subsfance whose trana--
formations are more marvellous, and whoso
relations are more complex and extensive than.
those of water. A recent writer says: ■
“You take in your hand a hailstone, and it'
rapidly changes’into a transparent fluid;'
w.fioh gradually vai is’ies, only to reappear, '
during frosty weather, in dew-drops upon
your window,. where it resumes, in delicate,
ramifications, its proper chrystftlino solidity..
You plate another under a bell-glass with
thrice its weight in lime, and it soon melts :
and disappears, leaving behind it.four parts;
instead of three, of perfectly dry earth. You
subject an opal to chemical analysts, and find ’
it but a combination of flint and water, the
latter being to the former as one to nine. Of
the alum, the carbonate of soda and the soap,
yvhiob yen purchase of your grocer, the first’
contains forty-five, the second sixty-four, arid,
the third, from seventy to seventy-three and a
■half parts of solidified water.; The .clay field*
jwliich you plow contains: a ton of water tp.
■overy every three .three tons of soil; nay, the
■very air wniclfyou inhale in ordinary weather
[holds diffused throughoutevery ■oubia foot -ot
fits bulk fully five grains of
.wllieh no more wets the air than thesolidified'
water wets the lime or the alum in which’ it
is absorbed."
: If heof-steak ho strongly pressed between,
■two sheets'of blotting paper, it will yield 1
nearly four-fifths of his own weight of wat'ferr,
;whilo .the experiments of Berzelius and Dal
ton prove that of the human frame, not ex
cepting the bones, one-fourth only is. solid
matter, the rest being water. Dalton 'found; - '
by experiments oh his own person, that five
sixths of the food taken day by. day to repair
the human frariie is also water. Of potatoes,,
again no less than seventy-five per cent is
water, and of turnips; at least 90—a fact
which, as has been remarked, “explains the
.mall inclination of turnip-fed cattle and sbeop'
for drink.”
General Washington's Farm.— The farm
of General Washington, on Mount Vernon,-
contained about fifteen square miles. .It was
divided into farms of convenient size, at the"
distance of two, three, or five miles from his
mansion house. The farms he visited every
day in pleasant weather, and was constantly
engaged in making experiments for the im
provement of agriculture. Some idea of the
extent of his farming operations may be form
ed fronwthc following tacts : '. ■ .
In 1787 he had SSO acres in grass.; sowed
600 acres of oats, GOO acres of wheat, and as'
much more corn, barley, bean's, potatoes, &c„
and one hundred and fifty with turnips. His
stock consisted of one hundred and forty hor
ses, one hundred and twelve cows, two hun
dred and thirty-six working oxen, heiffors and
steers, and five hundred sheep. He constant
ly employed two hundred and fifty hands, and
kept twenty-four plows going during the
whole year, when the earth and the state of
the weather would permit. In 178 C ho
slaughtered ono hundred and fifty hogs, for
the use of his family-, and -provisions tor his
negroes, for whoso comfort he had great ro
card..
Give the Bots a Chance.— One of the
surest methods of attaching a boy to the farm,
is ,to let him tyivo something upon it for, hia
own. Give him a small'plot'of ground to.,
cultivate, allowing the proceeds for his own
use. Lot him have his own steers to break,
or his sheep to care for. The ownership ot
even a fruit tree, planted, pruned, and brought,,
to bear by hia own hands, will inspire, him
with an interest tiiat no mere reward or wages
can give. In addition to the cultivation of a
taste for farm life which such a course .will.
cultivate, the practical knowledge gained by -
the boy will bo of tho highest valuo. Being
interested, he will bo more observant, and
will thoroughly learn, whatever is necessary
for liis success. Another and equally import-'
ant advantage will, be the accustoming him
early to feel responsibility. ■ Many young men
though well acquainted with all tho manual
operations of tho farm, when ■ entrusted with
the management of an estate, fail for want of
experience! in planning for themselves, ,It is
much bettor that responsibility should be as
sumed, than that a young man should be, first
thrown upon himsolt on attaining hia majori
ty.—Amci Agriculturist.
O' Miraheau thus wrote to a young lady
tvhs had fallen in love with his genius, and
wished to know how he looked—‘Fancy his
satanic majesty after having had the small
pox—aud such am 1/
C?-Woman's best right—The marriage?
nte 1 .
NO. 40.