mi
■J:
1 • ' ; . "'._ ■ : -■ -.- ■ ''.■ - r u .-w=-r~ r. . ..- ■—
M|= ■ . - i. ■'.... ' ' ' ' „ ' ■ . AT S2OO PE
JOHN B BRATTON ‘our country—may italwAVs d* right—but rioiitor wrong,our country ; _
SI
If
Siy’OL. 37.
ttHEr/AMERICAN VOLUNTEER °l« ao . imotott.,
!f; o ryTln,ra,iay, at Oarli.Tc, Pa. h S JOllb B fcMoh have
JmATrONTi bpon ilio following comtitlom which wll,bo care. County and lownahlp inalilnliona wouin p
Vigldlf adhered lo: Hy follow tho creation of a. Stale Department, and by
.•j 1 tebmb ofscflccßimoN 1 mutual .action and counsels, results would ensue,
(highly gratifying lo tho patriot, and beneficial to the
l,lNo«libVSpVlis't«kctifor o lc , J"" 0 “ l c x , r J°c tho return, of Iho oevonth cenoua of Iho
prico »r..b«Vl« tli.ilod Slotes be IranontiUod in lira., the apportion-1
those who do not psytnadvaucc. ment of the State into Congressional Districts may |
i. -• >t (become part of your duly. In such event, it is hoped
,iv RVr * fl or * DVSB * / gSO the custom heretofore pursued of postponing action 1
. on important billtof this description to the last hours,
insertions, . • • 4 *. . of the session, will bo changed. It is a practice ut
*ij%^!f2s£l,uenV^uih?l"nilda to'lhose who advcriist by tcrly inconsistent with careful and correct legislation,
MMwirxZoooo.UaiX. and dcßlruclivo nflhn right. ofa co-ordinate-brand.
. v _. , , of the Government.
,:-vf6i|i^^rJlio ofßceof tho American ff.T^nJ *l iThe committee charged with the introduction of
, light, into Ibo public building., have complied
.. lnvlicdtocali. Iso far as.in their power, with the directions ol the
- o —■w I Legislature. An appropriation to moot those expoq.
• trk ATrnmTAn!aTUiTOQ A HI? ms, and.to enclose and Improve tho public grounds,
GOYEKiNOIt b MEbbAuilf* should be made at on early day.
, : ■ i '. ‘ A complete sot of balances, furnished to the Stale
■ (bo IfdnoralU He Senator, and Member. »/ Iho .by Ibo General Government, bar. been dopo.iled in
! ''Houoo of Representatives of the Gonad Atotm tho building, of Iho L.ndOHico. The Comnu.smncr.
. • J'i...- * J oflho several counties ought to be required to hove
, 1 a . • f the weights and meiqurcs, under their care, again
renewal of expressionL®*} adjusted and regulated.
*k° Almighty Father, for his .manifold, An arrangement of Ibo Geological specimens be*
’ v’lftercfes and protecting influences during the past j on -j n - lo the State, in some convenient place for
/.year* tfndflbejUUcraneo of a prayer “ in spirit ana in -. enßra j inspection, and the publication of the Geolo
lioy»;,,'lpt:thft continuance of those blessings, well feporlSt arc demanded alike by the true inter
-1 who habitually acknowledge the lefU of lhe Stalo Qnd a j usl appreciation of her
ouperfnlendlng care ofa just and mcrcifulGod. Jno for enlightened enterprise.
■ 'a*telanl;ha ! lvc!tB of lb. lot. oeo.on, lit. general ox-. M alUnlion | la , bccn died t 0 iho largo body of
r-,««Ual?Wlto community from dneoao, the■ rapidly l ori | nal rs in [| lo Slate Depatlotenl, connected
'ittfpOTblg-onndil lon of the country, in all brag. u|) thD OolonUl and n.volulienary,history of the
■ :wblrfl‘'dbnrer- liapplnc.i ami rational conloolmcnt, Sut d Ul( ,, r cllremcly Clpo , E d and pert.hing
, inctMfiiti raiilUlea of cducattun, and the enjoyment I condilion . The.o rocorda ara worth projection, ao
■«frt«glOS»'BHvilege in tla purest forme, admonldi ua i containin _ authentic information of the action of our
anew; that tho destiny of this people and government | falhcr< in 1110 ,i ro „| B f or national oxialcnco. In
power of a Supreme Ruler, whoso iheCapilolof Pennsylvania, and with the sympathies
. ’ kfndJx'pcovidehcles arc continually exerted lor their orhrr palrio( i c pC op!o,woB Independence matured
t welfare, ahfflts well being. * an( j declared. Her soldiers were numerous
u duty devolves on me, o| formally nround (ho standard of lho nation, and there were
to the General Assembly, oflho more (, at Uo field* on her soil then in the same crea
Ch W£ Magistrate of tho Nation, tho eUew!lcre , Ev-ry memorial of those dbys of devo
/':• WftertMrZACHARY I aylor, who died at the Cly of 000 nnd lr | a i ahoald be faithfully preserved. Tliefo
on Iho evening of He 9th ofJuly last. esil|t a sln lo c ln manuicr | p tof the minutes of
whose brilliant aclueveraenla in arms lho R ovo i ut f onar y Eseculivc Council, a document by
-’/“flustre to tho mihlary fame oflho country, j. tfr 100 valuable lo remain longer within the. reach
’i.. ; “4^ Bt,llCß,nan w^oao P^‘ ic y« as shadowed forth 0 f accident or mutilation. It would bo gratifying to
llmloflho & , arge bod of our con B t Uuenl., if lho Assembly
••' most generous painoUsm, died in the full wou jd authorixo lho employment of a . competent
' v;ttMyettlW> of his great menial faculties, sorrounded « en i! oman ( 0 select and arrange for publication these
-y- -I.by eodfeared relatives, cherished friends,and patriotic tnomorlwla of an interesting epoch in the history of
of government, with lho calm resignation u.eCommonwcalth.
touches that death has no terrors for those Asylum will be ready for the reception of patients.
- faithfully to do their duly, lho Amo. Tbif worh G f charily, worthy of tho best care oflho
: r ‘ paid the highest tribute lo his memory philanthropist, from its admirable construction and
and universal sorrow. healthful location, cannot fall lo answer lho ends of
vvvfjMljtfispurUyond disinterestedness ofhn motives, a# benevolent founders. It deserves the lostcring
V*. : i-IMmnOain of every iropuhc as effecting h»s public CU ro of lho Legislature.
perfect einccrily of his desire to act In. the performance of your duties, attention is
• Wall men, his winning gentleness of tcmpei mo at earnestly directed to the icvlaion of Iho laws in
v. ftV rtafcWWled in his personaj deportment, were to be rc jmj on ( 0 invcrna, restaurants, beer houses, and ten
of character which bound closely to him p j n a |i cyB , It Is alleged that in many instances they
Bibi£piifidcnrial friends, and gave to their sorrow for ttre the common resort of tho young v the jdlo,
a billcnicss which no lapse of tune or an d lho worthless, lo lho groat detriment of lho mo*
• circumslanco can alleviate. p ral and well being of the rising generation,
that a eultabld expression ol , The suggestions ahd'rceoinmenddtibns.or. former
lho memory of lho deceased, and of ro. mo g M g C * in reference lo the equalization of Inx lows,
our bcrcavomeiil, bo mono by lho present payments of portions of the public debt overdue, lho
JuMwrfitiire. . t r currency, and public improvements, ore again pressed
of Gen: Taylor, by the provisions of on your attention.. Tho loan authorized ol tho last
v , the CootUlution. tho powers and duties of the t/lnol 6CBg | on f 0 redeem the over duo public ’ debt, lias not
" Magistracy were vested,.without 010 kaslmtorriin* been negotiated.
Ilorfof the public business, m Vice President «Tho financial condition of the Commonwealth is
Miard Fillmore, whoso virtue and patnoliam, as man. exhibited in the following slulomcnts:
■ 'ifeited ln the discharge of f°rmer trusts, as well as Amount of funded debt, including amount in the
in thp ad/ninislruliou thus far of his new functions, bunds of Commissioners of Sinking Fund, and also
nullify, the confident expectation that the policy ol Bp cciul loan to avoid Inclined Plano ut (he Schuyl
-1 *lne Cftllohal Adminislialion will eminently promote on the 30th of November,lBso, was
■ of tho country. lulls avowal ol $39,863,9 M 78
Hliogrilit principle of protociiou to Amcrleon Indus* ~
especial claim on lho confidence of I
, .
'M’Rwplftlons expressive oflho feelings of the last
. on the death of lho lato John C.Calhoun,
\ L to his family. I herewith traps
,'flfflW#%®°rrosPon^encc*
to the Stato Constitution, provid*
■ tho election by the citizens, of tho judicial
nf Hie Com.nonwcblili, having received Iho
SSSpScllohofa majority of lho people, is now part of
Ufrfipic law. Your attentioh is invited lo such
• os may bo necessary to curry into com
* piste effect this expression of the popular will. By
. tho terms.bCUic coiislitutiun, lho cummisslotis of tho
judges wHI «»P irc on 1,10 firat M° nd °y of December,
in thoysir one thousand eight hundred and fifly-ono.
’ It Is sUgfistcd that this will afford a favorable op.
portunity to remodel and grouily lesson lho number
of iudierul-disfriels. At present there arc no less
than'lW#hiy*four judicial districts, with District
’ ’ cWlrlwPhiladelphia and Allrghony counties. A
reftron?® W M lO u «‘ oUnl business transuded
’ Jii lpW-lMi named courts, affords conclusive cvl.
lnterests oflho community demand
lbeir Wp(inuancc. Should a reduction be madu in
r *lho number of the common pleas districts, lho sutu.
‘ -'Vies’now paid to the judges ought to be increased to
* «uil*’eit«nt 01 would bo a fair mmincpution for (lid
ÜburpfcriprnKd and (ho respoNsibility incurred in
Ihscxeculion oflho duties of their high ofliccs. It
isncpatPof lho character of our citizens to require
tho labors of others, without adequate compensation.
Fair salaflsa will best secure tho services of honest,
IdleUigeofAml competent men, in that department of
. ;'gO*elnmd»t«in the faithful administration of which
< Svery.clliztn isso deeply interested. An inoredso of
tbs salaries of (lie judges of (ho courts of common
d i alrlct courts, would demand the extension
. ' T ''V'zffthV’Mme liberality lo such gentlemen os may be
to discharge tho higher nnd mure rcsponsl.
' of judges of the courts of last resort. -
V. elections appear lo impose uimccce-
upon lho citizens.* Expense lo the
’ treasury, am) loss of time lo tho voter, could
' well saved by authorizing lho elections now held
l .Ssln Ihs Spring to bo holdeu ul tho gunorul election in
“ %XXw<nwri' To such connlics as desire lo try the ex*
the right might bo granted. I have been
• with u statement oflho expenses ineurred
W l pWmng Spring elections in Dauphin county, and
' ;(i is a fair average of the expense lo ths
lho change indicated will save to tho
Moptei flf,iho Commonwealth annually upwards of
wWI dollars.
of creating.an Agricultural Depart
front conb&olcd with tho Stale Govornmonl, demands
iho ftvnfobloconsideration of tho Legislature.: In
I lent might bo collected mooli valuable
or tho use of the practical farmer. Tho
yoments In the construction of Imple
bandry, the analysis of earths, Improved
go, end adaptation ofmanuros and seeds
ids ofsoil, aru subjects of absorbing in
gricultural clossos. Diffusion ofknow-
Ing lho best broads of horses, cattle, and
vith suggestions In an authorized and
, and experimental expositions of the
of roaring and training, live stock of
. all amuStCmud not fail lo aut beneficially on this
- in vnreai ( OrCno Commonwealth. Should tho National
Govoritmoat brccl an Agricultural Bureau, In.con.
, forroiiy wlth llio suggestions of tho Prosidonl, the
Stato Institution would be an efficient auxiliary in
lho collection of local Information, and for tho distri
bution hero at homo, of knowledge omassed in that
% xlspartmout from other souross. In this establish,
i moot, Ibo claims uf tho mining, mechanical, and
’ roanufttCluring interests on tho fostering oare of tho
;-V ‘Government, might bo equally regarded. A private
’•44iriiely in our metropolitan city, bv- Its liberality,
'•fiSKlwy «nd learning, hae done much lo develop end
’V’shßw»W£o the arts and sciences, useful in ovory-dey
• 31mi»nd has largely aided our mechanics and manu-
to gain a reputation throughout tlio world.
VrWIM incasuro proposed, I desire to accomplish for
uf iho agricultural, iuQoku«eal t ttud
Amount of unfunded dcb(,samo
dale,
Tutu) sum of debt,
In (his cross sum.is included llio loan (o avoid (ho
Plano ai.tuS' Schuylkill, ds übovo staled—(lib uvoi.
donee of Iho piano authorized tho sole ofllial pprliun
of (Ito Columbia railroad and .Viaduct over (ho
Schuylkill, rendered useless by the construction of
the new railroad. A part oftho road and bridge was
sold for 9343,300,' which amount is to bo apptlcd as
directed by tho 18th section of (ho Act of lOlh April,
1849, towards the permanent improvement of the
Columbia railway. The actual cost of this great
improvement, whereby (lib plane has been uvoided,
tho uso oftho public- works much facilitated, and an
annual saving of thirly.ono thousand dollars, scoured
to tho Treasury* in the disuse of tho machinery and
labor necessarily connected with the plane, is shown
ns follows i ' *
Amount of cost of n nv road, say 6400,000 00
Deduct price of old road sold, . 243,000 00
The Sinking Fund operation is exhibited thus:
Amount of funds received during tho
year, 6197,193 7-
Amount of stocks purchased during
year, 340,022 96
Amount in hands of Commissioners on
30lh Nov. 1850, , 5,907 CO
Whole amount received since com- .
mcncomonl of system, . 424,032 75
Whole amount of stocks purchased, 459,122 98
Amount of money in hands oh 30lh
November, 1850, 5,907 GO
FURTHER EXPOSITIONS OF TUB PUBLIC DEDT.
Amount of debt on 30th Nov. 1650, 840,775,485 42
Amount of. slacks and cash in hands.
of Commissioners of Sinking
Fund, 9105,090 58
Deduct amount of special
loan-tho interest there*
. of saved .in tho discon*
tlnuanoo oftho plane, 400,000 00
Amount offdebt on
SOtb Nov. 1848,
Funded, . 639,393,350 24
Unfunded, 1,081,386 69
Canal, railroad and ' .
motive power debts
returned in 1849 . '
and 1850, being ,
debts contracted
prior tolst Docom*
her, 1848, . 373,861 46
Total indebtedness,- 40,948,598 41
Actual, indebtedness, including in*
dined plane loan, on 30th Novb’r,
1850, and excluding amount in
hands of Sinking Fund'Comnils* .
•loners, 40,310,394 64
Actual decrease of public *dobl since
30th Nov. 1848, . 538.903 57
Within the aaroo period, there has boon paid from
the Treasury, appropriations that may bo called ex*
traordinary, os follows t
Towards’completion of North Branch
Canal* $148,500.00
To avoid inclined piano, 3U9.440 08
If those sums, from ths payment whereof ijio
Treasury will bo relieved by the completion of tho
Improvements abovo stated, bo added to the actual
reduction of public debt abovo exhibited, the conclu
sion Is dear, that pi a very early data, an annual
appropriation of nearly one million dollars may bo
mndotowsrds (ho.reduction oftho public debt.
Annexed is au-osljmato oftho receipts am) cxpoti*
CARLISLE, PA, THURSDAY,, JANUARY 16, 1851.
diturcs of iho present, with the estimate oflusl year,
and the actual receipts al Ibe Treasury: : . I
Estimate Receipts Estimates
for 1850. for 1850. Tor 1851. 1
$20,000 $16,378 58 $16,000
22.000 18,673 75 20,000
50.000 44,898 22 45,000
Lands
Auction com
Auction duties .
Tax on bank divi
dend?, 130,000 153,877 14 160,000
Tax on corporation
slocks, . 160,000 136,510 U 160,000
Tax on real and . _
' person l *! estate, 1,330,000 1,317,821 55 1,330,000,
Tavern licenses 80,000 . 107,437 49 100,000
Rentiers* “ 160,000 171,062 26 175.000
Pedlers* “ .3,000 2.525 05 3.000
Brokers* ••• 13,000 10,228 73 11,000
l*hoBlrot, &c.- ■ 3,000. 2,384 59 9,500
i Billiard rooms, See,'
. licenses
Distillery, dee. li- _
censes 1,500 • '4,203 91 5,000
Baling houses: dec.. ■ .
licenses, 15,000 6,530 97 10,000
Patent medicine 11-. __ ' t.
cehsCs, 3.000 3.633 08 3,000
Pamphlet law* 1 600 -■ -346 58 500
Militia Ones .2,000.; 12,053 73 10,000
Tax oo writs,' 40.000 45,409 47 45.000
Tax on offlets 20,000. 14,047 21 15,000
On col. inheritance 200,000 102,395 07 150,000
Canal sCroad lolls 1,825,000 1,713,84816 1,800,000
Sale of old mate
rials 5.000 6,953 64 5,000
Enrolment oflawx 11,000 10,270 00 12,000
Premium on char- • „„„
(era 40.000 80,262 2 1 40,000
Tax on leant 195,000 119,356 30 120,000
Jncl’d piano loan 270,000 970.000 00
Dividends of torn-, •’ .
pike alecks , 2,000 Sj-lttrtO'i' 2,000
Nicholson lands 300 ’’ ■
Accrued interest 5,000 3 674 32 5.000
Refunded cash 5,000 13,978 61 5,000
Escheats 2,000 1.600
Fees of public offi*'
ccs 0,000 3,687 20 4,000
Miscellsncoas ,'3,000 , 1,740 33 5,000
Interest on slock*
purchased.
Foreign insurance
agencies,
EBtimste Payments Estimate
for 1850. - for 1850. for 1851.
PuOlio improve. i'S
menU: . (tjlp.OOO 01.488,700,74 8800,000
Exp's of Govcril. ,
ment - 535,000 2G2,83n 71 250,000
Militia 4,01)0 ;•• 10,085 25 15,000
Ponaions.. 20,000 ",17,277 01 15,000
Charitable insti*
fallens 80,000 02,207 85 00,000
Common schools 200,000 213,728 49 200,000
Interest on leans 2,005,000 2,004,714 51 2,005,000
Guaranties 32,500 32,500 00 32,000
Domestic crcdi- ...
tors 10,000 0,387 41 10,000
Damsgcaon pub
lic work* - 20,000 29,006 34 35.000
Special comml*- ” . ...
sionors 2.000 . 3,554 03 3,000
State Library, 2.000 1,000 00 2,000
Public building* . 3,000 . 2,003 78 10.000
Pcnilcntiarica, 15,000 19,283 79 15,000
llouao of refuge, - 5,000 G.OOO 00 5,000
Nichulson lands 060 193 75 .300
Escheats 2,000. 1,710 53 2,000
Abalo’l of Stale ; . . *
tax 40,000 . 43,525 04 40,000
Counsel fees and : .. ; '
catnoiidsioncrPi 2,000 5,984.15 5,000
Miaccllonopns 5,0Q0 8,180 44 5,000
Sinking fund com*
iniasionors 293.000 . 318.864 03 250,001
Inclined plane, 270.000 90,000
N. B. canal 150,000 250,000
40,775.485 42 Renewal of xo-
012,570 04
lief notes
Expenses of Ro-
venue commis-
sioners
'• 4,034,800 4,553.103 75 4,101,300
In the item of expenditures for public improve
incuts'is included 9148,500 paid to North Branch
canal, and $280,446 02 to avoid inclined .plane*
In tho amounts received, from canal and railroad
loll*,'and collateral inhoritancotnxcs, the actual re*
coipls of the lasi year full short of ihocsliinaics. In
making these estimates, it was supposed tho suggea
lion of.a former message in relation to tho convey
ance of passcngois on (he Columbia railway, would
have been favorably regarded. It is slit) believed
llml a largely Increased revenue would attend the
adoption of the changes heretofore recommended.—
That the collateral inheritance lax is Inefficiently
and carelessly collected in some of tho counties, and
even when collected; frequently retained in the hands
of (ho olficors longer than necessary, is demonstrable
by the fact of the groat disproportion received at the
Treasury from counties of equal population, business
and wealth. A statement of the amounts received
from tho several counties, during tho (ust four years,
will exhibit much valuable information on tho inter
esting question of inequality of taxation in tho pay
ment uf the public debt. All items of luxation, op*
plioablo to the sinking fund should bo required to
roach tho Treasury quarterly under (ho severest
penalties.
A reference to tho reports of tho Adjutant General,
Auditor General, Surveyor General, and Superintend*
out of Common Schools, will afford detailed informa
tion of tho business of their several departments, and
furnish views and suggestions of interest to tho
genera) weal.
Tho school system, although still imperfect, is
rapidly improving in its general condition, and pro
mises the beneficial results it was designed to ac
complish. The education uf the people, is tho groat
question of (ho ago, and as such it cannot' fail .to
command your earnest and enlightened efforts for its
speedy ana ultimate success.
In the competition fur trade and travel, no effort
for tho full repair of tho canals and railroads of tho
State should bo.neglected. The deteriorating con
dition uf many of those works, admonish us (hat the
system of supervision is Ineffectual to secure (ho re
(urn of which their construction gave confidant as
•uranco. In a system of divided responsibility in
their management, the difficulty evidently exists. On
a former occoslon It was suggested to divide llto
Stale Into Canal and Railway districts, and to allot
(oeooha Canal Commissioner* to whom its entire
control should ho given. Tho project is again re
commended, but should It fail to moot your approba
tion, (ho proposition ofsclccllng a Superintendent,to
w)iotn for his whole lime and attention, a compensa
ting salary should bo paid, end under whoso solo
control the public works might bo placed, is worthy
of consideration. All tho evils arising from divided
counsels and shifting responsibilities would bo avoid*;
od, and that energy and skill in their management ,
secured which capnot be expected under the present
system. It Is alleged that this method of supervision
of public works has succeeded. Well and beneficially
in other Slates.
A commercial connection between, Philadelphia
and Europe by iteamfebins.—an enterprise truly
worthy tho favoring regard 6f tho.whole Common
wealth, and the countenance and a|d of the National (
Government, by the extension of mail facilities—the
completion of tho great railway communication now ,
m rapid progress of construction to the navigable |
waters oftho West, tbo thorough repair of tho Cum* ,
borland Valley Railroad, and the erection of various
lines of railway in the v tllny of llm. Susquohonno, |
must throw nu amount of I ride on the Columbia rail. 1
rond wliji'li will demand for it* transit tho 1 entire 1
capacity uf that ihurunj>h<Vu in * oundlllonof
865,000 58
30,010,304 84
5,000 3,045 81 4,000
15,000 13,72127 .30,000
2,700 83 3,000
4,506,300 4,438,131 51 4,290,000
PAYMENTS.
10,000
2,500
period repair. Every avenuo by wlrioh the trade of ihodifflfiultieb in delation to the Subject now ext
the West,ns well os of Central and Northern Tenn-|lng In tho public mind.' ' •' .
aylvnnio, reaches Phitudelpliia, ought to be opened j The clause of the F bderal-Cohslllulion relative
and kept Jn such perfect condition os to afford all to fugitives from labor involves these propositions:
possible facility to business, for in the growth and j. That involuntary service or slavery-may exist
I welfare of Philadelphia, the entire people should feel ( n lbe states of the Union by constitutional recog
! a lively iqjtercst.aa identical with the prosperity of; n^|on# 2. That the escape of the person so
I lhowliolo(Slalc. Whilst Hie Internal trade is poured-) ield B h a Unol operate as a discharge from such
-'Pry?* Metropolis, and her local authorities are r aervico 0f ) abor> ' 3> Thai on ( h e clalm.of the
■king'thojr pan 10 promole her commerce, Hi. our | , h su , , cfl i 3 doe t | te re must be
duty to demand from the General Government some J , 5 ’ „ r .,„ r. ....... 1
portion of its resources for the scout ily and Improve* a r^, n . , O Vv »!® , m . n , . nl w pr .
ment of (he harbor ortho Delaware. Improvement; To nterfele by Legislative cnoclmen, « e
of the navigable tivefa and prdtcclion of Iho harbors w'““. to destroy or in any way affect the right ot
of the Odean and Lakca ought to bo.no longer .do- properly tecogntied in the first proposition, tvoltld
layed. 1 '. be a daring v|clatlen ! of the clear obligations ol
In this connection, I deem limy duly, to call your the Constitution; ■ No human being can pretend
attention to the pending litigation in relation to the that by.thls/'Pommonweallh euCh an interference
bridge o?ir the Ohio river at Wheeling, erected un- has ever,beei\ ; exempted. Whatever may be the
1 der the authority of Virginia, which, ills confidently feelings of.lhe’people In opposition to the further
asserted, puts in jeopardy laigo commercial interests, extension of slavery, and the consequent Increase
It has been my caro to watch the progress oi the 0 f anil-republican and sectional representation in
controversy, and to direct the proper law officer of t |, e National Legislature, no effort has ever been
the Commonwealth, associated with the other distm- made to disturb or destroy the vested rights of
guiihcd gentlemen who professionally represent the cil j 2enB o f. o ther Slates?, and when those rights
Stale, to protect these interests may be endangered by the escape of aslave. be
rlnTinu 'n Co|! J ” M ° r "" ! ca ‘° onder yond ihe lintltS of the Slate, where iho relalion is
In llic varioua rallwey projects now eeverelly tor- oor °! ,l , i ' en 9 Tm,lmfriv°
rolrielfng'-.el Fl.iludclpl.ia, Harrisburg and Pitt.burg, Principle, that no sympathy with individual suffer
the people of (ho Commonwealth ought never to lose iog ougbl .o^oi’to weaken their sense of duty Jo
sight of that other great enterprise, which, known I* lo plainrequlreroents of the organic law.,
as iho Sbnbury and Erie Railroad, was meant to In the adjustment of rights and official duties
connect .the Susquehanna, the Delaware, and the under the last proposition, more difficulty has been
Lakes. Besides the command of iho trade of (lie found (0 exist. Uy whose agency is the fugitive
Northern*Seas secured by its construction, It.would to bo given up 1 What force is to be given to tho
. bring Into market for sale ami settlement vast bodies word “ claim ’* as used In the Constitution 1 Is
of unlcna'nlcd and unimproved lands, and develop not tho.delivery of. the fugitive to be made, only
treasuresofincxhauslible mineral wealth now wholly through tho agency of the National Government!
inaccessible. , ■ t , * Those have been vexed and mooted questions.
Ihu largo indebtedness of Ihe Slate, and the no. T1)0 (inurdcolsion of Ihe Supremo Court of Iho
MMily for ii, tcduclion, forbid Iho pohey on-her perl. UnUod Sla ,„ B c „ so t 0 ,; hiah Pennsylvania
°f cmburhmg.nihc.o vanoue improvement., was made a parly, nnd tho recent fugiiivS sieve
Iho debt of (ho Commonwealth was incurred in .
the.erection of works which were largely conducive aw, gave a judicial and legislative interpretation
lo ll.o’icUlemcnUnd sole ol the domain -if the United 0 clause of .Ihe Constitution, which cannot
Slate., ahd while ehe ha. .enured nb pin of this 1,0 misapprehended. Ihe power nnd duly of
common Inheritance, other States have been liberally laWs to carry into effect tho constitution-1
aided In the construction of their internal improve- °l direction, being ruled to be in Congress and in
ments by'donolions of public lands., It is a right on Congress only, any interference on the pan of the
her part to demand a portion of these lands lo aid in State authorities is unauthorized and without bind*
the completion of the important wotks partially com- Ing force. ■ !
plclcd and in contemplation. ' II the Constitution implies a duty to be per*
A system of bonking, based* upon Slalo stocks, formed by both National and Slate Governments,
Under proper restrictions, is recommended to the at* Qpd vests each wlili power over the subject, the
(ontiun qt tho Legislature. .It ts thought that the framers of that instrument failed to express in
present baking facilities ore uncquallo the wants dear terms, as In other cases, tho obligations of
of Ihe hufincas community. Iho large amount of p ar , icB . The | a ,i t uda of construction required
nole.ofb.nli. of other Stale, found in circulation t 0 givo such-powers lo the Slule legislature.,
among oe people the mahihly of Ihe bank, with H . ol f, d nnlhot i z ' e lho pasBago of | aw3 b nnJ ,he
safely lo their crcJn, lo accommodate ot all limes . e ... 1 * „ .. ~ „ .
the active bona fide business demand.' ofthc country, ‘™ctmenl of reqi lnttons, upon every delegated
end the Urge op.ialion. In the nature uf ptivslc P° w ° r . ° r . National Government, without re
banking daily transacted on eevero lermalo the bur. ,S,“ ril •» Iho action or non-action of Congress.-
rower, dcmonairato thal lncreasod facilities are dc« •he General Government is admitted lo be.ono of
manded lo secure a healthy development of our re* ascertained powers, but H ceases to be so lho tno
sourecs. Ary considerable extension of the present ment concurrent jurisdiction vests in Stole aover
-1 system!* hardly lo be anticipated, nor is It desirable, eignlles. In the practical workings of the system
.if a more permanent basts fur such operations can bo of concurrent jurisdiction much evil would nrlsc,
devised, wco bunking upon a deposit and plcdgt Thlrly*ono sovereignties might prescribe different
of public Mocks early recommended itself to favor, rules of action—each meant to make effective
■ It is not Uijhlc to sudden expansions and contractions national legislation, and the dangers, resulting
i —more apcuc6 jßrqcrU]^qre--We J obndxloua lo cqun* from ctJnfticUng enactments, and ihe consequent
lerfcUing and tVautf, andTWrS undouVod sccdrlty; destruction of harmony and order, could not fall
Ito the note.llolder. Should tko .took required be the l 0 n | nrra „ 10 palrioli \ V h o „ eV cf power over o
lo.es of the Commonwealth, U would epprecieto their subJcc , ie vcB , od b . tho Conatllution' In
value, end else h.ye n tendency to withdraw them Congress, nnd the power hue been eterci.ed, Ihe
a ulli or ily nf (ho Stnleu has been judicially de-
I cllefthcL andthe^li.oh.r E eoflhe h.mre.; “ s “hove elated, merged and nbol&ted.
t lo tho resident citizen., would load to lho expenditure * “Is Is the rule of law as well as that of common
of on equal amount at humc, thereby affording cm- Bc h se * , . .
ploymcnl-lo.tho people in the Improvements of tho -“ n opinion has been expressed by men of '’lT' I *
Slate, in lho erection of industrial Institutions, end ““hi legal learning nnd pulriptlsm, that legislative
I in various works of beauty and taste. If this eys. action on lho part of the States is expedient to
I tom is favorably regarded, a relinquishment of a aid in'the execution of (be powers of the genera)
portion of lho interest on tho stocks pledged would government. In Ibis opinion- 1 cannot concur,
he directly ndrontsgooue lo Iho Treasury. To admit lho posiiion would imply nn inability on
Tho confidence fell In Ihcir security, and. Ihe the part of lho national government la execute its
i desire to uso Iho relief notes, when kept in good powers, nnd would prove dosiructivo of lho theory
condition, justify the belief that nn issue f nmnll so zealously maintained by our republican fathers,
I mlcsrromSlaioinstiiiilions.foundpdonndepoeilof that Ihe Notional nnd Stale governments ere in
stocks, would be highly acceptable to ibo poo- dependent sovereignties, each acting within its
j'ie. propet constitutional sphere.
A reference to subjects, under the control of the It was doubtless a conviction of tho soundness
National Oovcrnmdnl, has long formed part of of the foregoing views, which induced ray predo
tho annual messages of Ihe Slalo Rxeoulivos, and cesser, Governor Sliunk, to sanction the not of lho
the custom has found favor not only by its oohso- 3d March, 1817. ‘
nance witli tho peculiar relations of tho States lo Thu power to itol on the subject of Ihe extrndi
iho General Government, But in the deep solid- lion of fugilivo slaves being thus vested Solely in
tilde full by individual citizens in the nclion of tho National Government, Tl is the plain duty of
tho Inter nn questions of-pervading and diroot In- tho citizen to submit toils enactments under t'.*
teresl lo all. From the resolves of their ilopro- Constitution. 'To act differently would ho clearly
senlalives in the councils of the Stales, the opln- rebellion to Government,
ims ami wishes of the people ore often, well eel- If the word ‘•claim " was intended lo express
looted ami honeo your action is frequently of great an ascertained right of properly lotho person of
moment. In obedience, therefore, to custom, end iho fugitive-vested in tho claimant, then much,of
in order that iho sentiments of our common con- the difficulty surrounding lho question is selllcd,
stltuenoy may have expression either through ihe and Iho mcro demand for the person of the lugi-
Kxeoutlvo Message or the action of their Ilopro- live fixes his destiny by Iho terms of Iho Consli- 1
sonlatives, it Is proper lo refer to some of those tution. Ills extradition would ho determined 1
questions of general interest, tho disposal of which without proof of ownership on the part of tho 1
more especially belongs lo the National Govern olaimani, and without evidence of lho identity or '
ment. flight of the person claimed. If, however, Iho
A revision nml alteration of tho Kuvemte laws,
so as to give adequate and permanent protection
t> iho Industry of the country, are 'demanded by
llio prostrate condition of thomlnining and manu
facturing interests.* Tho propriety cf affording
full protection to domestic industry, in lho enact
ment of tariff laws, lias been so fully discussed
that a more reference to former views, is 'till that
is doomed necessary at this time. In a.lalo effort
to amend the present tariff, Us failure may be fair*
ly attributed to tho omission of the last Legisla
ture to give expression to tho perfectly well un*
derstoed Wishes and expectations of .the people.
It is confidently hoped no such omission will
mark (he conduct of tho present assembly.
A reduction in tho rales of postage, and the
construction of railway communication to tho Pa*
oilic, wore urged heretofore as worthy of friendly
regard. Jiepetition of the views then presented
is unnecessary, os lime has only strengthened' the]
conviction, pf the propriety arid usefulness oftb«|
proposed measures., ‘ "
In relation to the extension of slavery end the
duly of faithful observance of her Federal obliga
tions by tho Commonwealth, tltovleivscxpressod
in former messages remain unchanged. TJioro is
nothing, in my judgment, in tho history of tho
past, nor in llio warnings of tho future, to justify
the abandonment of the principles, sacredly ro*
f;ardcd from the foundation of tho Stole, of non*
ntervontion In Ihe domestic policy of other com*
munliies, and of resolute determination of permit*
ting no interference with our pwm Fidelity in
the discharge of constitutional duty has distin
guished our government and people, and if nn
opinion exists within, or has'boon mischievously
nropogoted beyond our borders, that such Is not
the fool, it is conceived in orrorofour true history.
Pennsylvania, her people, and her authorities, al
ways havb been loyal to the Constitution. They
wish It neither mho evaded nor amended. They
will not permit if to bo resisted.
It has been intimated that on cjuoaiions connec
ted with tho institution of slavery, and the rendi
tion of fugitives from labor, (bore have beep indi
cations of a disregard of her constitutional oblige*
tlons. To the clause of the Constitution relative
to fugitives from labor, and the legislation under
It, (hero ever has been ip Pennsylvania, with ail
her avowed aversion to domestic slavery. Implicit
obedience. Witlion earnest desire (hai,by.'n free
interchange .of moderate end rational opinions,
obedience to the law may bo made, not only Im
plicit, but cheerful, It'la proper to rolcr to’ souto of
iarm used in the Constitution, signifies n chal
lenge of tho properly, belonging to tlto claimant,
ami withheld from him—and the enactments on
the subject requiring proof of right tosubstan*
tiato the claim, and tho concurring decisions of
the Supremo Court, affix this meaning tofthe term,
then tho question arises,how, and through whom,
shall the claim bo made, and by what evidence
sustained 1
In tho adoption of tho proper remedy to assert
this cloar right, patriotic citizens may differ, and
tho privilege to maintain and express that bonnet
diversity ,of opinion must not bo impaired. To
surrender it, under violent threats and donunefolo
ry clamor, would bo on nuandoment of the deeply
t cherished privilege of liberty of thought and
• speech. When tho enactments of tho National j
Congress, fait to convince tho people of (heir jus* I
licennd propriety, it is their duty to seek ilio'rl
modifioniionond araonJmenf. Tho recently enact*
ed fugitive slave law, while il remains a statute,
demands (ho support of all the citizens, and un*
loss our written constitutions aro worthless parch*
ments, until tho Judiciary declare it. otherwise,
must bo esteemed a constitutional enactment.—
Arc lie defects of such nature us to warrant the
public in urging its amendment!
That part of the law which authorizes the ore*
allon of a now on«d irresponsible tribunal under
the name of Commissioners, is liable to exception.
Waiving the inquiry whether Judicial power of
the United States can be vested anywhere but In
I regularly organized courts, with tho records of
I courts, thoro aro objections of Serious import ,to
tho Istitotion of this tribunal. Alt history shows,
that special tribunals, clothed with discretionary
powers over person and property, are liable to
abuse, and Imvo been instruments of .oppression.
If in those, the early (jays of the Republic, when
no reason of urgent Stale necessity can bo invoked
powers of a high Judicial nature over the liberty
and property ol an individual, aro to be vcstod'by
appointment of an inferior tribunal, in on Irrespon
sible person, the security of tho life, reputation,
and liberty of tho citizen In ufleMtmes, when
new political or social emergencies may arise,
will depend on a most precarious tenure. The
courts of tho United States, whoso Judgoa hayo
a pride of character, and over \vhom a controlling
influence IS exerted by the impeachment clause of
i tho Constitution, shbuld alone bo invested with
those extraordinary powers. Rather than liaanrd
Iv?. 0 ®kan’ccB of illegal decisions, and tho qop.so*
|quoril liropatablo injury of an individual, results
MO. it
so full of danger to the peace and good ;brUsr.of
society, (ho judicial power of the nation might
wisely.bo extended* If it bo deemed expedient
to deny a trial by jury, and lodge the adjudication
of this, right of property in the breast of a 4th||fc
judge; tho kind of proof required should TislndK
caled, and a full -record of the entire proceeding!
be made and preserved. Processes issued, should
be returned, and the extradition of any colored
person, for whose , arrest a warrant had Usued ■
without hearing had before-the judge, should be
visited with the penalties of kidnapping. .These
modifications of tho law, while they could not In
terfere with tho rights oflbe owner of. the fugi-
I live, would greatly (end to .satisfy the minds of
citizens anxiously desirous to perform their con*
stltutioosl duties.
One matter connected with our Federal Rela
tions claims your attention. It is the Union'of
the States, and the dangers which ere supposed
to threaten it In connection with the question of
slavery. Whelher.slavery be the cause or pretext
' of infidelity to tho Union, and to what pVe'clie e£>
tent disaffection exists, it is not my purpose .to en
quire. There was local disloyalty long:befoih
slavery became the immediate source ,of excite
ment, and there will bo local.disloyally long after
slavery and the questions connected with It am
finally adjusted. JDut he the cause what it MfV.
It is in vain to deny that the Union of the Statu
is lightly and irreverently talked of ineertain .
quarters, and made the subject of heated discuss
ion by rash and unreflecting men. I cannot be
lieve,however, (hat any serious design to dlaHipt
and overthrow the Government exists, to any con
siderable extent in any portion of cohniry, The
American heart revolts at the idfca. ..
What is (ho National Unlonl , It is Uie.fiasll
of constitutional right, the guarantee of peace, the
sccuriiy of religion, the bulwark of iall law and
order, it gives the surest pledge of protection to
ihq oppressed children of other
from scenes of misery and.'discord, expect .here
harmony and peaceful refuge. h Is Uietaliy
beacon on the top of a mountain arid an ensign on
n hill ”,to the lovers of rational liberty throtfgh
out tho world. It was an emanation of the same
pure spirit of conversativo freedom,of justice,and
of (ruth, which conceived, controlled and.conao.m
mated our Revolutionary struggle, it is the per
fect work of disciplined Intelligence, and rational
patriotism. It Is hallowed by the rich memoirs
of the past, and by tho consciousness that Itk
■ founders were the fathers of the Xtepublio. It is
sacred, as the solo remaining memorial of:the.en
lightened .Inhere of tho best minds of an age, dis
tinguished for Us devotion to the cause of fiufneh
rights, the elevation of man’s social condltlon, the
investigation of political truths, 1 and.of revolution
ary action ngainst the dogmas and fanalidlath of
tyrannies and tyrants.
The Union of the States ia tho.outer and. inner
wall, which encircles and guards tho temple of
our independent. Tho Union alone secures to
our commerce protection on every sea, defence
our citizens on every shore, gives us a proud name
, among the nations of the enrilt, and ensures to the
. Republic an enlarged end glorious destiny. Its
[ preservation ratifies the assurance that man is ca-
I pablo of self-government, ond. that equal rights,
i equal privileges, arc alone the results of Demo
, oratio institution#. The dissolution of (he 'ros
, (lonal Union would be the boginlng of tjvll ttrlh,
, tho strife of sections, of scenes of fraternal 814-
cord. It would raise the orm of the bondman
amidst tho horrors of seivilo war; and the.dtr
slruclion'pf a race of men alone would terminals
tho fearful struggle. It would involve contermin
ous Slates, oclfng as jealous strangers, in vexa
lious disputes about rights of navigation; of trib
ute, of transit. It would sacrifice tho faith of tho
nation. It would destroy the army and. the navy,
and with thorn tho proud recollections df'Uielr
carliotexploits. The trophies of the nallon would
bo dispersed,yind ihcgrcatcojnmunion of thought;
of sentiment, and of interest, in which,' for more
| than seventy years we have gloried, would to
, gono forever. • *
Deeply impressed by these considerations, and rs*
, lying most confidently bn tho entire sympathies ,oJ
tlio‘ General Assembly of a State, which has nevv
known an instant’s disloyalty to (lie Uriton; I
1 solemnly protest against (lie utlerdnbe of. rash and
ill-advised thoughts on a subject so dear to our con',
slitucncy, and more earnestly egalust ell dellberalloa
by moans of conventions, or other modes of action.
Unknown to the Constitution, and having for their
object, either the dissolution ofthe Union, or the dls.
cussion of soctionkl and hazardous questions, for the
decision of winch, (ho Constitution has made ample
provisions. Pennsylvania venerates-and cherishes
the unimpaired institutions of onr fathers. *
With (ho fervent prayer iliat Almighty God wilt
so direct the deliberations of tho General Assembly;''
that ,“peace end happiness, (ruth ond joellce* refi-
Igion and pioly,(aay bo established among uo forajj
generations," tho suggestions ond recommendations
contained in ibis annual message are respectfully
submitted for your consideration ond action. . ?■ ■
\VM. F. JOHNSTON. .
Executive Chamber,. ) i
Harrisburg, J-n, 7j 1851. \
Ohha nun Euhd. -
Early Frugality. —ln early childhood you lay ih*
foundation of poverty or rlcho* in l|io haMli'ymi give,
your children. Teach thpm to lave
not for Ihclr own uvc, for that would
■olfiah,—but for fame uao. Tench them to share
everything with thfcir playmate*; but hover allow’
them todestroy anything.
(Cy'Tbo celebrated vase, in thbffaliory.orthb Vrflf*
can, at Homo, fUppotcd to bo that containing
avlici of the eon* of Ocrmanloui—*omo aajr or Au.
guitui— w«a recently thrown from he pedeila),by !
(bo filling ofa window, driven by a fierce gale, .
£7our wretched.species (a bo consUlated; bay)
Voltaire, (hat those who walk in the beaten-path*,
are always throwing stone* at those who ore rccoinl
mending new ones. . J '• • r- ■
What is good man struggling
with misfortune, and preserving untainted his rppotai
tion. A dutiful'Child obeying ll|d mandates of|'ps«
rents, ant) walking in (hd way of righteousness;
It.Liotnir^—Tlio King of Naples has pVojiiliitdi
(he salo or perusal oflho works ofSchillor, Mdllaro*.
Lamartine, the Cosmos of Humboldt, Thiers, Stiw
momii, Sliakspoaro, Lucian, Lucretius and Sophotfca.
Op*Tho Lay Ministers of the Episcopal fchut'etf
England, are, forming a Union, Club, for the purpose
ofjmUing a stop to tho “UomanUVngV practice*
Wool.—lt la said ,oml iotao Wdof, re*
cently sent from New York to England;' riroVcd’tobJ
to exquisitely fmo ai to make lUra‘poaiiblo“lo'Uar*
it with the present machinery, It was fine ouootli
to have Imitated the Cuahmbre. *
r nb ho((cr typo of a great talker, than*
a very long and cold winter night:
BTWo acpu; for riches and do noi find liicroj wo dV
not acok for death, but, olos I ho comci^
* Drevitt.— lfyou Would be pb'Ugeht, bd
it la with wprda »a with addbeame.lho more (hey are l
cundenssd tho deeper they burn, •• : ojr
, BACniLons.—Old bachelor* donol'Hvo'b*
other men. 'J'lioy have nobody to mend thole oloitaC
dnd darn (heir stockings. TJmy catch oold, nnd t there
la nobody (omsko llibm peppermint tosJddnaeqdeUty
they drop pfl*. . •, .
W>tvA* )iaa a man a right (o sfcold hia wlik abdiif
his cotiVu 7 When its u'.ww
&c»
' the!
AHStBi