TERMS OF PUBLICATION. g 2 00 per ahnu.nvin.advance— or , g 2 SO, if not paid within the year.. . - No subscription taken for a less term than six months, and no discontinuance permitted until ail .arrearages are paid. A failure to notity a discontinuance at the expiration of aterm, will ’ be considered a new engagement. Mvertisements~~sV 00 per square for the first.three insertions, and twenty five cents for ,eyery subsequent one. LEMUEL TODD, —ATTORNEY at law. .. OFFIC E No. 10, Harper’s Row, in the room formerly occupied by Isaac Todd, Esq. Carlisle, August 2G, 1841. , SAMUEL R. HAMILL, ATTORNEY AT LAW. 'Will practice in the several courts of Cumber land county. Office in Main street, the office now ■ocoupied by Jatfies H. Devor, Esq. Carlisle, September 30,1841. . CABINET MAKING-. WM. G> GIBSON, ; informs the public that he , vS Rjis supplied with a HJ2ARSE, and ready to per form every duty of an Undertaker. Ho is prepared at *ttll times to make Coffins and attend 1* uncrals- CABINET MAKING^ in all its brunches carried on, as usual, at his old stand in'North ‘Handler street, next door to Abel' •Keeney’s Copper and Tinware shop. Every thing in ihc, line of his business will bo done on the most ac comodating terms, '[Carlisle, Oct. 28, 1841.—tf. PROPOSALS For publishing inthe ftp rough of Carlisle, ,- a weekly paper, to devoted exclusive- ■ • „ . -C ■Jy . CAUSE OF TEMPERANCE. rr.and whose case, haVbeeij the subject of a fcorres,-/ pondence heretofore communicated to -you; has been acquitted by the verdict of an im partial and intelligent jury, and has, under dit&ilKllPfiPfifc-ftf-ife®. court,. befci»_ discharged. Great Britain having niadc known to this Government that the expedition which was fitted out from Canada for the destruction of the steamboat Caroline, in the winter of 1837", and which resulted in the destruction of said boat, and in the death of an Ameri can citizen, was undertaken by orders em anating from the authorities of the British Government in Canada, and'demanding the discharge of,McLeod upon the ground that, if engaged in that expedition, he did but fulfil the orders of his Government, has thus been answered in tlje only way in which she could be answered by a Government, ,the powers of which are distributed among its several departments by the fundamental law. ...Happily for the people of Great Brit- well as those of the United States, the only mode by which an individual ar-i raigned for a criminal offence before the courts of either can obtain his discharge, is by the independent action of the judiciary, and by proceedings* equally familiar to the courts of both countries. 1 , If in Great Britain a power exists in the Crown to cause to be entered a nolle prose qui, which is not the case with the Execu tive power, in the United States upon a pros ecution pending in a State court; yeinhere, no more than here, can the chief Executive power rescue a prisoner from custody, with out an order of tlie proper tribunal directing his discharge. The precise stage of the pro ceedings at which such order may be made is a. matter of municipal regulation exclu sively; and not to be complained of by any Olher_ Government. In cases of this kind, a Government becomes politically responsi ble. oidy when j tsjri bun id s of las t resort are shpwnto. have rendered unjust arid injuri ous judgments in matters nut doubtful.. To the- establishment and elucidation of this principle, no nation has lent its.authority more efficiently than Great Britain. Alex ander McLeod having his option either _to prosecute a writ of-error-from tlie decision of the Supreme feourt of New York, which had been rendered, upon his application for a discharge to the Supreme Court of the U. States, or to submit his case to the decision of a jury, preferred the latter, deeming, it the readiest obtaining his liberation; and the result has fully sustained- the'wis dom, of that choice. The manner in which the issue submitted was tried, will satisfy the English Government that the principles of justice will never-fail to govern the en lightened, decision of an American tribunal. 1 cannot fail, however, to suggest to Con gress the propriety, and, in some degree, the necessity, of making such provisions by law, so far as they may constitutionally do so, for the removal at their commencement, and at the option of the party, of. all such cases as may hereafter, arise, and which may in volve the faithful and execution ofour international obligations, from the State to the Federal Judiciary. This Gov ernment,.by our institutions, is charged with the maintenance of peace and the. preserva tion of amicable relations with, the nations of the earth, and ought to possess, without question, all the reasonable and proper means of maintaining' the one and preserving the Other. Whilst just confidence is felt in the Judiciary .of,the States, yet this Government ought to be competent in itself for.the. fulfil ment of the high du ties which have been de volved upon it, under the organic law; by the States themselves. In the month of September, a party of armed men from Upper Canada invaded the territory of the United States, and, forc|bly. seized upon the person of one Grogan, and, under circumstances of greathairshness, hur riedly carried fiimvbeyond the limits of the United States, delivered him dp to the authorities of Upper Canada. His immedi ate discharge was ordered by those authori ties. .up6o#tbc facts of the case.ttping brought tip their knowledge;—a to have been' expected from a COUNTRY**—RIGHT OR WRONG.” nation with whom we are at peace, anti which was hot more due' to the rights of the United States, than to its own regard for justice. The correspondence which passed between the Department of State and the British envoy, Mr. Fox, and with the Gov ernor of Vermont, as soon as the facts had been made known to this department, are herewith communicated. - I regret that it is not in my power to make known to you an equally satisfactory con clusion in the case of the Caroline steamer, with the circumstances connected with the destruction of which in December, 1837 V by an armed force fitted out in the Province of Upper Canada, you are already made ac quainted. No such atonement as was due for the public wrong done to the United States by this invasion of her territory, so wholly irrcconcilable.with her rights as an independent power, has.yet been made.— In the view taken by this '.Government, the inquiry whether the vessel was in the em ployment of those who were prosecuting an unauthorized war against-that Province, or was engaged by the owner in'the business Of transporting passengers to and from-Navy Island id hopes of private gain, (which was "most probably the case,) in Wo degree alters the reaU questioirfft issue "between the two Governments. This Government can never concede to any foreign Government the power, except in a case of the mdht urgent and extreme necessity, of invading its terri tory, cither to arrest the persons "or to de stroy the property of those who’may have violated, the municipal laws of such foreign .G.over.nmciif> or bave diavegarded thjfw oWy gatiorjs arising: under- the law of nations.— Tlje tefflfofy of .the United’States must Pc -regarded is sacredly, secure against id laud; until they Shall .voluntarily, ac knowledge' thtir inability to acquit, them selves oHlfeir duty Jto others, " And in an nouncing this sentiment, I do. but affirm a principle which no nation on earth would be "more ready to vindicate, at all hazards, than the people and Government of Great Britain. If, upon a full investigation of all the .facts3' sliiill appcaf"(liat~tlre _ ownei‘ 'Of tlie Caroline was- governed'hy a hostile intent, or had made common caused with, those who were in the occupancy of Navy Island, then, so fay’as he is concerned, there can be no claim to indemnity for the destruction of his -boat, which this Governmentwould feel ifs self bound to prosecute; since he would have Acted not only in derogation of the rights of Great Britain, but in clear violation of the laws of the United States. -But that is a question which, however settled, in no,man ner involves the higher consideration of the violation of territorial sovereignty and juris diction. To recognise it as an admissible practice, that each Government, in its turn, upon any sudden and unauthorized outbreak on a frontier, the extent of which renders it impossible for either to have an efficient force on evei*y mile of it, and which out break, therefore, neither may be able to sup press in a day, may take vengeance into its own hands, and, without even a remoor strance, and in the absence of any pressing or overruling-necessity, may invade the ter ritory of the other, would.inevitably lead to results .equally fo be deplored by both.—- W,hen border collisions come to receive the sanction, or,to be made on the authority; of either Government, general war must be the inevitable result. ~ While it is the ardent desire of- the United-States to cultivate the relations of peace with all nations, and to fulfil all the duties of good-neighborhood-to l wards those who possess territories adjoining their own, that very desire wbuld lead them to deny the right of any foreign'powcr to in vade their boundary with an armed force.— The correspondence between the two ernments on, this subject will, at a future day of.your session, be submitted to your 'consideration; and in the mean time T,,can not but iriilulge the hope that the British Government Will see the propriety of re nouncing, as a rule of future action, the pre cedent which lias been set in the aflhir at Schlosser. —I -herewith - submit the correspondence which has recently taken place between the American Minister at the court of St. James, Mr. Stevenson, and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of that, Groyernment on the, right claimed by that Government to visit and detain vessels sailing under the American flag and engaged in prosecuting lawful com merce in the African seas. Uur commer cial interests in that region have experienced considerable increase, and have become an object of much importance, and it is the duty of this Government to protect-them against all improper and vexatious interruption.— However.desirous the United States may be for the suppression of the slave trade, they cannot consent to interpolations into the maritime code, at the mere will and pleas ure of. other governments. We deny the right of any such interpolation': to any one, or all the nations of the earth, without Our consent. We claim to have a voice in. all amendments or alterations of that code— and when wc are given to Understand,'as in this instance, by a foreign government, that its treaties with other nations cannot be exe cuted without the establishment and enforce ment of new principles of maritime police, to be applied without bur consent, we must employ a language neither of .'equivocal im port; or., susceptible of mis-construction.—■ American' citizens’ /.prosecuting a lawful, commerce in-the African seas, under-the .flag’of their country, are not responsible for the. abuse or unlawful : use of that flag by others; nor can they rightfully op account of any tpich alleged abuscs. be interrupted, molested or. detained while on. the ocean; and if thus molested or detainedi'whi|e pur suing honest voyages in the usual way, and violating n'u law themselves, they are un questionably entitled to -indemnity* ; J, This governmentias, manifested its tepugnanM Ip the slave trade, in a manner whichoannot gbo misun derstood. By its fundamental Mw, it prescribed limits in poin; of time to it* cbntinnancc; 1 and against -its own ciurenSjWho mightso far forget dm rights of hu manity u t> engage in that wicked traffic, it bos long: [AT TWO DOLLARS PER ANNUM. New Series—Vol. 6. Ho. 27. since, by its municipal laws, denounced the most con* digit punishment. Many of the states composing this Union, had made appeals to the civilized world, for.its. suppressisri,~long before the moral, sense of other na tions had become shocked- by the iniquities of the traffic. 'Whether this Government should enter into treaties containing mutual stipulations upon this sub ject, is a question for its mature deliberation. Certain it is, that if the right to detain American ships on thp high seas can bo justified on tho plea of necessity for such dotontion,"-arising put pf thp exis tenep of .treaties between other nations, tho same plea may bo extended and enlarged by the new stipulations of new treaties, to which tho United States may not bo a party. , This Government will not ceaso to urge upon that.of Groat Britain, full and ample remunera tion for oil losses, whether arising from detention or otherwise, to which American citizens have heretofore been, or may hercaileribo subjected, by tho exercise of rights, which this Government cannot recognise as le gitimate' and proper. Nor will 1 indulge a doubt but that tho eenso of justico.of Great Britain will con strain her to make a retribution- for any wrong, or loss, which any American citizen, engaged in tho prosecu tion of lawful commerce, may have experienced at tho hand of her cruisers, or other public authorities, This government at the some time, will relax .no effort to prevent her citizens, if there bo any so disposed, from prosecuting a traffic so.revolting to the feelings’of hu manity,' to do no more than to protect tho fair and honest trader,-from molestation ni)d injury; but while thp enterprising mariner,-engaged in the pursuit of an honorable trade, is entitled to its protec tion, it will visit with condign punishment, others of an opposite characters , I invito your attention to existing laws for the sup pression of tho African slave trade, and recommend oil such alterations, as may "give to. them greater force ond efficacy. That tho American flag-is grossly'a bffsed by the abandoned and profligate pf other nations, is but too probable. Congress - has, riot long since, had this subject under consideration, and its impor 'tancc demands renewed and anxious attention. I also communicate herewith the copy of n corres pondence between Mr. venspp and. atari' upon "tho subject so interesting toscvcral of the Stated of the riCo' duties, which resulted honoAbly to thojustice ofGrcat advan tageously to tho united Stales. *, i ; At the opening of the lost annual session, the Pres ident informed .Congress of tho. progress which had been mode in, negotiating a convcntion*bctwccn ;thia Government and tiiat of Efigland, with a the. final settlement of the question of tho boundary be tween tho territorial limits of tho two countries. I regnft to say, that littlo advancement of tho objccHias been accomplished since last year; but this is o.wing to circumstances no way indicative of any abatement of the dcsire of both parties to hasten the negotiation to its conclusion, and to settle ihc question in dispute as early as possible. . In tho course of the ‘session, it is my hope to be able to announce some further degree of progress towards the accomplishment of this high ly desirable end: ’ The commission appointed by this Government for tho exploration and survey of the lino of boundary ■separating .the States, of Maine and New Hampshire from the conterminous British Province is, it is be lieved, about to close its field labors, and is expected soon to report the results of its examinations to tho Department of State. The report, when received, will bo laid before Congress. The failure on the part of v ’Spain to pay, with punc tuality, the interest duo under the Convention of 1834, for the settlement of claims'between the two countries, has made it the duty of the Executive fo call tho par ticular attention of that Government to tho subject.—- A disposition has been manifested by it, which is be lieved to bo entirely sincere, to fulfil its obligations, in this respect, so soon as its internal condition and the state of its finances will 'permit. An arrangement is in progress, from tho result of which, it is trusted that those of our citizens who have claims upder the Con vention, will, at no distant day, receive the stipulated payments. A treaty of Commerce and Navigation with Belgium was concluded'and signed at Washington on the 29th of March,' 1840, and was duly sanctioned by the Senate of the U. States. The Treaty was ratified by His Belgian Majesty,' but did not receive the approbation of the Belgian Chambers within the time limited by its terms, and has, therefore, become void. This occurrence assumes the graver as pect, from the consideration that, in. 1833 a Treaty^negotiated between the two Gov ernments, and ratified on the part of the U. States,’ failed to be' ratified on the part of Belgium. The Representative of that Gov -eminent, at Washington, informs the De partment of State that he has'been instruc ted to give explanations of the causes wliich occasioned delay-iri7the approval of the late Treaty I»y the Legislature, and to express the regret of.the Ring at the occurrence. The joint commission under, the-Conven tion with Texas, to ascertain the true boun dary between the two countries, has conclu ded its labors,' but the final report of the Commissioner of the United States has not been received. It is understood; however, that the meridian line;'as traced by the com.-- mission, liessoraewhat further East than the position hitherto generally assigned to it, & consequently, includes in Texas some‘part of the territory which had been considered as belonging to the States of Louisiana and Arkansas. The United States cannot but take adeep interest in whatever relates to. this young, but growing Republic.- Settled' principally by emigrants from the.U. States, we have the happiness to know, that the great princi ples of civil liberty are_ there destined to flourish, under wise institutions and whole some laws; arid that, through its example, another eviderice is to be afforded of the ca pacity of popular institutions, to advance the prosperity, happiness and permanent glory of the" human race.' The great , truth, that government was riiade'fpr the'people, -and not the people for government/ has already been established in the practice and by, the example of these United Slates; and we can do no other than contetoplate ifsTurther ex emplification by a sister Republio;\with the deepest.interest., ~ Our relations with the indepVnderitSfatcs of this hemisphere, formerly under'thedu minion of Spain, have riot undergone any material change within the past year. The incessant sanguinary conflicts in, or between those countries, are to be greatly deplored, as necessarily tending to disable them frorii performing their duties as members of the community of nations, arid rising to the des tiny which the position and natural resour ces of many of them might lead them justly to anticipate, as constantly giving occasion, also;'directly or indirectly,, for complaints on the part pf our citizena who resort tliilli er for purposes of commercial intercourse, and as retarding reparation fim-wrpfigs al ready comriiitteu, ■ some of wliicli are- by no means of iriccritdatc.,- r , ' AGENTS. John Moans, Esq. Newville Joseph M. Mkans, Esq. Hopewell township. Thomas H* Britton, Shipponsburg-. William M. Matekh, Etq. Lee’s Hoads. John Mehaffy, Dickinson township. Johw Clendknin, Jr. Esq., George 17.I 7 . Cain, E4q. MechnmcsbUrg Frederick Wondkri.ich, .do. Jons Stoucii, Esq. Stoughstown. • Daniel Kuysiier, Esij. Churchtown, Jacob LoN,GNRCKKR'i Esq. Wbrndeysbnrg. J. B. Duawbaugh, Cedar Spring. Allen tp., ■ Martiw G Hupp, Esq. Shircmanstown. , The failure of the Congress of Ecuador (o hold a session, appointed for'that purposc, i n January lnst, wi 11 probably ren - der abortive a treaty of commerce with that Republic, which was signed at Quito on the TSth of June, 1839, and had been duly rat ified on 'our part, * but which required'the approbation of that body, prior to its ratifi cation by the Ecuadorian Executive. A Convention whichjia# been concluded with the Republic of Peru, provided for the settlement of certain claims of citizens of the United States, upon the Govornraent.of that Republic,'will be duly.submitted to the Senate.. The claims of our Citizens against the Brazilian Government from cap’- tures, and other causes, are stil|~unsatisfied. The United States have however, .so uni formly shown a disposition to cultivate re lations of amity with that Empire,, that it hoped, the unequivocal tokens of the same spirit towards us, which an, adjustment of the affairs referred to would afford, will bo 'given without further avoidable delay. Tho_war \nthJhoJ[ndum/tribes, on the Peninsula of Florida, has, during tho. last sunimcr and fall, been prosecuted with untiring'activity and zeal. A sum mer campaign was rcsolvdd upon as the best mode of bringing itto n doscr’Our'bravd - officers- and men who have been engaged in that service have suffered toils and and exhibited on energy which, in any other war, would have won fpr them unfading laurels. In despite of the sickness incident to tho cli mate, they have penetrated the fastnesses of the Indi ans, broken up their encampments, and harrassed them unceasingly. Numbers have been captured, and still greater numbers have surrendered, and have been transported to join their brethorn on tho lands_ else- where Shotted to them' by the .Government, and'a Vtr&ng -hope is bntcrtmnVd/tbatiV>ndcr..ihp A/ •, tho gallant offi&era at .the head of thctrdQps m thdt speedy lcrmination* With/all tljo olherfndtanlrib'cs • we 4 arc enjoying tho .blessings of peace. Our dutyi- „ as well as our bfiit interests* -prompt us to observe, in oil our .intercourse With them, fidelity in fulfilling our engagements, the practice of strict justice, as well as the constant exGreiso of acts of benevolence and kindness. These ore the great instruments of civil!-* fcutiort; and through tlio use of them alone can the un-' J tutored cliiid of tlie forest be induced to listen to its teachings. The Secretary of State, on whom tho acts of Con- . gross have devolved tho duty of directing tho proceed ings. for the Sixth Census, or enumeration of tho in habitants of/ tlie U. States', will report-to tho two Houses the progress of, that work.' ‘ The enumeration of persons has been completed, and exhibits a grand total of 17,069,453 —rooking an increase over the Census of 1630, pfr;4,202,646 inhabitants, and show ing a gain in a ratios exceeding 32£ per cent, for tho 1 last tert years. From tho report of tho Secretary of t|io Treasury, you will be informed of the condition of- the finances. Tho balance in tho Treasuiy on the first of’January last, as stated in tho report of the Secretary of tho Treasury, submitted to Congress at tho Extra Session, was $087,345 03. The receipts into tho Treasury • during tlie first three quarters of this year, from nil sources; amount to $23,407,072 52. The - estimated receipts. for tho fourth quarter, amount to $0,943,095 .25, amounting to $30,410,167 77„; and making, with tho balance in the Treasury on the Ist of January, last, $31,397,512 80. The expenditures for the first three quarters of this year amount t 0,524,734,340 97. Tho expenditures for the fourth quartet, as estimated, will amount to $7,290,723 73 making a deficit to be provided for, on tho Ist of January next, of about, $627,657 90. . -1- Of the loan of $12,000,000, which was au thorized by Congress at its late session, on ly $5,432,726 00 have been negotiated.—■ The shortness of time which it had to run, Ijas presented no inconsiderable impediment in the way of its bdng taken by capitalists at home,“while the same cause would have operated with much; greater-force - in. the fo reign market. For that reason the foreign market has not been resorted to; and it is now submitted, whether it would not be ad visable to amend the law by,making what remains undisposed of, payable at a more distant day. •. Should-it be necessary, in any view that Congress may take of the subject, to revise existing tariff of duties, I" beg leave to say, that, in the performance of ’that most deli cate operation,' moderate counsels Vwould Seem to be. the wisest; The Government, under .which-it is our happiness to live, owes its existence’to- the-spirit--of-compromise which prevailed, ahiotig its framers—jarring and discordant-opinions could only have been reconciled by that noble spirit nf patriotism, which prompted conciliation, and resulted in' harmony. In the same spirit the compro mise.. bill. as it is commonly called, .was a dopted at the session of 1833. While the people of no portion of the Union will ever hesitate to pay all necessary taxes for (he support of Government, yet an innate repug nanceexists, to the imposition of burthens not really necessary for that object. In.fnt-', posing duties, however; for the purpnses’of revenue, a right to discriminate as to tlie ar- ! tides, on which the duty shall be laid, as well as the amount, necessarily and most properly exists. Otherwise the Government would be placed in the condition of having to jevy the; same duties upon all articles, the * productivo.jis Wel 1, as the unproductive.-r -'rhe Blightcat .duty upon some, might liavo the effect of causing .their importation to cease, whereas others* entering Extensively into the-cotfsumption of the courtlry,'might bear the heaviest, without any sensible dim inution in the amount imported. So also the Government niay be justified in,,so dis criminating, by-referenee It), ed to be inoperative the moment the duties ate increased beyond 20. per cent., the max inium rate 5 established, Jby;-the Compioniise act. Some of of the Com.., promise act, feo |nto effectouthe SOlh day of Junc' ncxt, may, however, be found exceedingly inconvenient in practice, ■ under anyf^.regulations that Congress..may.», ad(tntfey|,;feferhioreparticulatly f relat»nj^&'Jlte.>humic valuation.-.' criedih ! tau4d|of the -same.. arliclc’s tdwijfi!6£ •• ■'■'•l 1 V'