VOL. 43.
The Huntingdon Journal
Office in new JOURNAL Building, Fifth Street,
TUE HUNTINGDON JOURNAL is published every
Friday by J. A. NASH, at 52,00 per annum 1N ADVANCE,
or $2.50 If not paid for in six months from date of sub
scription, and /3 if not paid within the year.
Nu paper discontinued, unless at the option of the pub
lisher, until all arrearagea are paid.
No paper, however, will be sent out of the State unless
absolutely paid for in advance.
Transient advertisements will be inserted at TWELVE
AND A-HALF CENTS per line for the first insertion, SEVEN
AND A-HALF CENTS for the second and FIVE CENTS per line
for all subsequent insertions.
Regular quarterly and yearly business advertisements
will be inserted at the following rates :
3m 16m 19m Iyr I3m 6m i9mllyr
- - -
\
11143 501 4 501 55b 800 1 1 ,4c0l 900 18 001227 $36
2‘• I 5 00! 8 0() 10 00 12 00 %00l 18 00 38 001 50 65
3" l 7 00,10 00 ,14 00 18 00 %col 34 00 50 001 65 80
4 " BOQ 14 00120 00 18 00 1 col 36 00 60 001 80 100
All Resolutions of Associations, Communications: of
limited or individual interest, all party announcements,
and notices of Marriages and Deaths, exceeding five lines,
will be charged TEN CENT) per line.
Legal and other notices will be charged to the party
having them inserted.
Advertising Agents must find their commission outside
of these figures.
All advertising accounts are due and collectable
when the advertisement is once inserted.
JOB PRINTING of every kind, Plain and Fancy Colors,
done with neatness and dispatch. Iland-bills, Blanks,
Cards, Pamphlets, &c., of every variety and style, printed
at the shortest notice, and everything in the Printing
line will be executed in the most artistic manner and at
the lowest rates.
Professional Cards•
WM. P. & R. A. ORBISON, Attorneys-at-Law, No. 321
Penn Street, Huntingdon, Pa. All kinds of legal
business promptly attended to. Sept.l2,lB.
- FIR. G. B. 110TCIIKIN, 825 Washington Street, Hun
-11 tingdon. junel4-1878
TA CALDWELL, Attorney-at-Law, No. 111, Brd street.
B
• Office formerly occupied by Mesere. Woods & Wil
liamson. [apl2,'7l
TB. A.B. BRUMBAUG H'. offers his professional services
.11 to thecommunity. Office, No fr 2.3 Washington street,
one door east of Me Catholic Parsonage. 1ian4,71
TA rt . lIISKELL has permanently located in Alexandria
JJ to practice his profession. [jan.4 '7B-Iy.
E.C. C. STOCKTON, Surgeon Denttet . Office in Leister's
.1...1. building, in the room formerly occupied by Dr. E.
J Greene, Huntingdon, Pa. [apl2B, '76.
GEO. B. ORLADY, Attorney-at-Law, 405 Penn Street,
Huntingdon, Pa. [nuvl7,'7s
G
L. ROBB, Dentist, office in S. T. Brown's new building,
U.
N. 520, Penn Street, Iluntingdon, Pa. [apl2.'7l
lIC. M ADDEN, Attorney-at-Law. Office, No.—, Penn
• Street, Huntingdon, Pa. [apl9,'7l
TSYLVANIIS BLAIR, Attorney-at-Law, Huntingdon,
tJ . Pa. Office, Peun Street, throe doors west of 3rd
Street. [jan4,'7l
T W. MAITERN, Attorney-at-Law and General Claim
. Agent, Huntingdon, Pa. Soldiers' claims against the
Government for back-pay, bounty, widows' and invalid
pensions attended to with great care and promptness. Of
fice on Pa Street. Lia.n4,'7l
TB. GEISSING ER, Attorney-at-Law and Notary Public,
il. Huntingdon, Pa. Office, No. 230 Penn Street, oppo
site Court House. Lfebs,'7l
Q K. FLEMING, Attorney-at-Law, Huntingdon, Pa.,
A 7. office in Monitor building, Penn Street. Prompt
and careful attention given to all legal business.
faugs,ll-6moa
New Advertisements
HTJTNTI
sow pug
Is now prepared to SUIT Its Patrons In
GARMENTS of the VERY LATEST STYLE
And the BEST MAKE UP, at prices to suit the times. My stock of
IMADY - MADE CLOI'-141V
FOR MEN, YOUTHS, BOYS AND CHILDREN IS FULL.
Men's Suits for $4.00 up;
Boys' Suits for $4.00 up ;
And Children's Suits for $2.00 up.
3210Pir" 9E I fa AC 3EK.0F3E3E.L4190
For MEN, YOUTHS, BOYS, and CHILDREN is large, and prices low. The best line of SHIRTS,
ranging in price from 35 eenze up. A large assortment of HALF-HOSE-5 pair for 25 cents,
and up to 50 cents per pair. LINEN COLLARS, g for 25 cents.
Suspenders, Shoulder Braces, Hill Haudierchiefs. Also, Trials all Satchels,
All bought at BOTTOM PRICES FOR CASH,
AND WILL .HE SOLI) CHEAP POlt CA.S.II.
GENUINE PEARL SHIRT.
A SPLENDID LINE OF SAMPLES FOR SUITINGS
To be wade to order, Measures taken and good Fits guaranteed,
Don't Fail to Call and Examine my Goods and Prices before Purchasing.
DON'T FORGET THE PLACE
NEARLY OPPOSITE THE POSTOFFICE.
T. W. MONTGOMERY.
April 11, 1879,
BROWN'S
CARPET STOR
625 PENN STREET,
JUST THE PLACE FOR HOUSEKEEPERS
1810. FRE STOCK ! NEW STYLES!! 1879,
C.A.MR/7'Mrl l ,
ALL GRADES AND AT PRICES THAT CAN NOT BE UNDERSOLD
FTJRI`sTITUR
The Largest Stock and variety of
Chairs, Beds, Tables, Chamber Suits, Lounges,
ROCKERS, MOULDINGS, BRACKETS, &c., ever exbibited in Huntingdon county
.WALL PAPER! WALL PAPER !
In this department I have made important changes: procured the latest improved trimmer, and my
new styles and prices for 1879, can not fail to suit purchasers. Call and see.
WINDOW SHADES and FIXTURES
in great variety. Plain, satin and figured paper, plain or gilt band shading, spring and
common fixtures.
FLOOR OIL CLOTHS
From 15 inches to 21 yards wide. Halls covered with one solid piece without joints. [Bring diagram
and measurement.] For
PICTURE FRAMES AND LOOKINC CLASSES,
This is headquarters. Mattresses, Window Cornice, and anything in the Clbinet or Upholstering line
or repaired promptly.
WOOD OR LIGHT METALIC TO SUIT ALL. BURIAL ROBES IN VARIETY.
FINE 1"1-4A-TM GLASS HEARSE
Ready to attend funerals in town or country. My new clerk and traveling agent, FERDINAND
Roca, will call briefly in the principal towns, villages and valleys of this and adjoining cetinties,
with samples of Wall Paper, Carpets, Carpet Chain, and illustrations of Chairs and many kinds of
Furniture, to measure rooms, &c., and receive orders for any goods in my line. If he should not
Teach you in time, do not wait, but come direct to the store.
JAMES
525 PENN ST., HUNTINGDON, PA.
March 21, 1879.
S. lar OLg 'S.
At Gwin's Old Stand,
505 PENN STREET.
Not much on the blow, but always ready for work
The largest and finest line of
Clothing, Hats and Caps,
In town anti at great sacrifice. Winter Goods
20 PER CENT. UNDER COST
Call and be convinced at S. WOLF'S, 505 Penn st.
RENT AND EXPENSES REDUCED,
At S. «OLF'S.• I am better able to sell Clothing,
Hats and Caps, Gents.' Furnishing Goods, Trunks
and Valises, CHEAPER than any other store io
town. Call at Gwin's old stand. S. MARCH, Agt.
MONEY SAVED IS MONEY EARNED
The Cheapest Place in Huntingdon to buy Cloth
ing, Hats, Caps, and Gents.' Furnishing Goods is
at S. '''OLF'S. 505 Penn street, one door west
from Express Office. S. MAh CH, Agent.
TO THE.PUBLIC.--I have removed my Cloth
ing and Gents.' Furnishing Goods store to D. P.
Gwin's old stand. - Ui..Expenses reduced and
better bargains than ever can be got at
S. Wolf's 505 Penn Street.
March 28, 1879.
BEAUTIFY YOUR
1101 VI P.S!
The undersigned is prepared to do all kinds of
HOUSE AND SIGN PAINTING,
Calcimining, Glazing,
Paper Hanging,
and any and all work belonging to the business.
Having had several years' experience, he guaran
tees satisfaction to those who may employ him.
PRICESMODERATE.
Orders may be left at the JOURNAL Book Store.
JOHN L. ROHLAND.
March 14th, 1879-tf.
0-DON'S
The only place in town where you can get the
UNDERTAKING
Also added to the Furniture & Carnet Business.
Caskets and Burial Cases,
A.
~
.. ~. 1
' i . ! he • ~- t .';.,_ Tuntingdon Journal.
New Advertisements
HERE WE ARE !
-AND
GENTS.' FURNISHING GOODS,
New Advertisements.
LOTRING IIOIISE
BROWN,
PM? NOWT'.
"A Stranger and Ye Took Me In."
BY JOHN G. WHITTIER ,
'Neatii skies that winter never knew
The air was full of light and balm,
And warm and soft the gulf wind blew,
Through orange bloom and groves of palm
A stranger from the frozen North,
Who sought the fount of health in vain,
Sank homeless on the ailen earth,
And breathed the languid air with pain.
God's angel came I The tender shade
Of pity made her blue eyes dim ;
Against her woman's breast she laid
The drooping, fainting head of him.
6he bore him to a pleasant room,
Flower sweet, and cool with salt sea air,
And watched beside his bed, for whom
His far-off sisters might not care.
She fanned his feverish brow and smoothed
Its line of pain with tenderest touch,
With holy hymn and prayer she soothed
The trembling soul that feared so much.
Through her the peace that passeth sight
Came to him, as he lasped away
As on one whose troubled dreams of night
Slide slowly into tranquil day.
The sweetness of the Land of Flowers
'Upon his lonely grate she laid :
The jasamine dropped its golden showers,
The orange lent its bloom and shade.
And something whispered in her thou't,
More sweet than mortal voices be ;
"The service thoa for him haat wrought,
Oh daughter 1 hath been done for Me."
iCke
THE DESERTER.
A SKETCH OF THE LATE WAR---A SOLDIER
WHO DID NOT MEAN TO DESERT.
It was a terrible slaughter at the battle
of Fredericksburg, Va., December 12,
1862, Lieutenant P-, of the 95th
Pennsylvania Volunteers, was dangerously
wounded through both thighs, and un
doubtedly would have perished on the field
had it not been for Corporal C-, of his
company, who in the retreat stumbled
upon him and carried him off. That was
the last field duty Lieutenant P- did,
awl in March, 1864, we find him at the
Lafayette square garrison, in Baltimore
Corporal C - subsequently took part
in all the engagements in which his regi
ment was concerned, and stood high in the
estimation of his superiors for valor and
faithfulness up to the battle of Gettysburg.
After the battle of Gettysburg, in July,
1563, the regiment to which Corporal
C- belonged encamped one evening
within sight of the home of his family,
which he had not seen for nearly three
years. From where be lay he could see
the glinting of the light in the window
beyond which were his wife and little ones
With throbbing heart he acknowledged to
himself that the temptation was too great.
"What," he said, "if I slip down there for
an hour or two, surprise them, and return
before the break of day ready in my place
to wove with the command, who will be
the wiser for it?" 11 , 3 followed the
promptings of his heart. Who shall
measure the rapidity with which the hours
went by during that gladsome surprise to
all which, next to his country, was dear to
him
Returning in the early morn Corporal
C-, to his horror, found that the col
110311 had moved forward during his ab
sence. He hurried ou to overtake it, with
a full consciousness of the -terrible conse
quences that came to all deserters and of
the fact that the truth, even plainly stated,
would avail him little under the then strict
regime, as an excuse for his absence it' he
did not succeed in rejoining his company.
He never slackened his "double quick"
until the ford at Williamsport was reached.
At that point his hope gave way to despair.
The column bad crossed into Maryland two
hours before. A strong provost guard had
been stationed at the ford with strict orders
to arrest all stragglers or deserters.
A prisoner then, and with the instances
of dreadful punishment that had been in
flicted upon deserters fresh in mind, he
decided to desert in fact from the provost
guard and take his chances of finally reach.
Inc , his company rather than to run the
risk of a trial by a court martial.
lie failed to reach his command, and
taking w the woods, by long journeying
at night, and hiding by day, he reached
the city of Frederick, Md. There he lost
no time in re-enlisting under an assumed
name as a recruit, hoping by keeping con
stantly in the service to escape detection
and arrest.
Proceeding again to the front in the
Tenth Maryland Regiment, Corporal C—
served faithfully, was twice wounded, and
received an honorable discharge in March,
1864.
Upon being discharged from the Tenth
Maryland, still hoping to conceal his ident
ity, he immediately re-enlisted as a recruit
with Captain Cole, the Provost Martial at
Frederick, and was sent on with a squad
of twenty or more to the draft rendezvous
at Lafayette square, Baltimore.
Lieutenant P— was the officer of the
day when the squad reached the rendez
vous. It was a part of his duty as such
to remain at the main entrance to the
camp, for the purpose of scanning the re
cruits as they arrived and were drawn up
in line in front of the guard quarters.
It was late in the evening. Lieutenant
P-- came to the Adjutant's office, his
face wearing almost a deathly pallor. "Ad
jutant," he said, "I have just discovered
a deserter from my old company. He saved
my life at Fredericksburg, I wish I bad
not seen him."
A short time after the Lieutenant's state
ment the recruits were marched to the Ad
jutant's office to have their names and ped
igrees recorded. The name of Cyrus T--
was called. The man rose up calmly and
passed his discharge papers from former
service to the Adjutant. They were cer
tified by a captain of the Tenth Maryland
and indorsed by the mustering officer
"..haracter excellent."
Lieutenant P-, extending his hand
to the recruit, said, "Corporal C-, how
are you ?"
The unwilling deserter did not acknowl
edge that he was recognized by movement
of a muscle. Staring coldly at the Lieu
tenant he replied, "Sir, you have the ad
vantage, I du not remember ever having
seen you before."
"Oh ! yes you have," answered the Lieu
tenant. "Charlie, don't try to deceive me.
You brought me from the field at Freder
icksburg, saved my life when you were a
member of my company, and you deserted
from the company."
. .
"You have made a mistake, sir, you
have." He stopped a moment and then
continued : "It is no use. lam Corporal
C-, but lam no derserter at heart. I
HUNTINGDON, PA., FRIDAY MAY 23, 1879.
have been in constant service," and he
sank into a chair.
Tears choked the utterence of the Lieu
tenant as, wavering between duty and
gratitude he said : "Corporal, I would
gladly change places with you now, but
you are a prisoner."
The shock unnerved the war worn and
weather-beaten Corporal, and for several
weeks he was prostrated with a raging
fever. A prisoner, in fact, but allowed
to accept the hospitality of the Lieuten
ant's more comfortable quarters, where his
story becoming known, he received every
kindness that could be commanded. Mean
time strequous efforts were made to re
move the charge of desertion against him,
which had been carried on the company's
rolls until he was finally reported to the
Provost Marshal General and dropped
from them.
The "red tape" of the War Department
prevented his reinstatement in time, and
Corporal C was sent to the front as
"a deserter." Strong papers relating the
circumstances more minutely than can be
done in this narrative accompanied him.
He was tried and sentenced to be shot,but
through the never ceasing efforts of the of
fiver whose life he had saved, seconded by
the efforts of General Ingraham, then Pro
cost Marshal of the defences north of the
Potomac, he was reprieved by President
Lincoln. He was subsequently killed in a
charge upon the enemy's works at Peters•
burg, Va. The wife and little ones waited
in vain for the second surprise at the little
Pennsylvania hamlet near Gettysburg.
tittt
THE VETO.
THE IMPORTANT DOCUMENT in FULL
No Intimidation by the Military ever
Known--And None to be Feared
Under a Republican Administration
--Unanswerable Argument against
the Bill.
The foilowing is the message of the Pres
ident of the United States, returning to
the House of Representatives the bill en
titled "An act to prohibit military inter
ference at elections :"
To the House of Representatives : After
careful consideration of the bill entitled
"An act to prohibit military interference
at elections," I return it to the House of
Representatives, in which it originated,
with the following objections to its appro
val. In the communication sent to the
House of Representatives on the 29th of
last month, returning to the House with
out my approval the bill entitled, '•An
act making appropriatioss for support of
the army tbr the fiscal year ending June
30, 1880, and for other purposes," I en
deavored to show by quotations from the
statutes of the United States now in force,
and by a brief statement of facts in regard
to recent elections in the several States,
that no additional legislation was necessary
to prevent interference with the elections
by the military or naval forces of the
United States. The fact was presented in
that communication that at the time of the
passage of the act of June 18,1878, in re
lation.to employment of the army as a
posse comitatus, or otherwise, it was main•
tained by its friends that it would estab
lish a vital and fundamental principle
which would secure to the people protec
tion against a standing army. The fact
was also referred to that since the passage
of this act congressional, State and muni
cipal elections have been held throughout
the Union, and that in no instance has
complaint been made of the presence of
United States soldiers at the polls. Hold
ing, as I do, the opinion that any military
interference whatever at the polls is con
trary to the spirit of our institutions and
would tend to destroy the freedom of all
elections, and sincerely desiring to concur
with Congress in all of its measures,•it is
with very great regret that I am forced to
the conclusion that the bill before me is
not only unnecessary to prevent such, in
terference, but is a dangerous departure
from long settled and important constitu
tional principles. The true rule as to the
employment of military force at the elec
tions is not doubtful. No intimidation or
coercion should be allowed to control or
influence citizens in the exercise of their
right to vote, whether it appears in the
shape of combinations of evil disposed per
sons or of armed bodies of the militia of a
State or of the military force of the United
States. The elections should be free from
all forcible interference, and as far as prac
ticable from all apprehension of such in
terference. No soldiers, either of the Union
or of the State militia, should be present
at the polls, to take the place or to per
form the duties of the ordinary civil police
force. There has been and will be no vio
lation of this rule, or under orders from
me, during this Administration; but there
should be no denial of the right of the
National Government to employ its military
force on any day and at any place, in case
such employment is necessary to enforce
the Constitution and laws of the United
States. The bill before me is as follows :
Be it enacted, etc., That it shall not be
lawful to bring to or employ at any place
where a general or special election is being
held, in a State, any part of the army or
navy of the United States, unless such
force be necessary to repel the armed ene
mies of the United States, or to enforce
section 4, article 4, of the Constitution of
the United States, and laws made in pur
suance thereof, on application of the Leg
islature or Executive of the State where
such force is to be used ; and so much of
all laws as is inconsistent therewith is
hereby repealed.
It will be observed that the bill ex
empts from the general prohibition against
the employment of military force at the
polls two specified cases. These exceptions
recognize and concede the soundness of
the principle that military force may prop
erly and constitutionally be used at the
place of elections, when such use is neces
sary to enforce the Constitution and laws.
But the excepted cases leave the prohibi
tion so extensive and far reaching that its
adoption will seriously impair the efficiency
of the Executive Department of the Gov
ernment. The first act expressly author
izing the use of the military power to ex
ecute the laws was passed almost as early
as the organization of the Government
under the Constitution, and was approved
by President Washington, May 2, 1792.
It is as follows :
SECTION 2. .Ind be it farther enacted,
That whenever the laws of the United
States shall be opposed, or the execution
thereof obstructed, in any State, by com
binations too powerful to be suppressed
by the ordinary course of judicial pro
ceedings, or by the powers vested in marsh
als by this act, the same being notified to
the President of the United States by an
associate justice or the district judge, it
shall be lawful for the President of the
United States to call forth the militia of
such State to suppress such combinations,
and to cause the laws to be duly executed,
and if the militia of a state where such
combinations may happen shall refuse or
be insufficient to suppress the same, it
shall be lawful for the President, if the
Legislature of the United States be not in
session, to call forth and employ such,
members of the militia of any other State
or States most convenient thereto, as may
be necessary, and the use of militia so to
be called forth may be continued, if ne
cessary, until the expiration of thirty days
after the commencement of the ensuing
season
In 1795 this provision was substantially
re enacted, in a law which repealed the
act of 1792. In 1807 the following act
became a law by the approval of President
Jefferson :
That in all cases of 'insurrection or ob
etruction to the laws, either of the United
States or of any individual State or Ter
ritory where it is lawful for the President
of the United States to call for the military
for the purpose of suppressing such incur
rection or of causing the laws to be duly
executed, it shall be lawful for him to em
ploy for the same purposes such part of
the land or naval force of the United
States as shall be judged necessary, having
first observed all the prerequisites of the
the law in that respect.
By this act it will be seen that the scope
of the law of 1795 was extended so as to
authorize the National Government to use
not only the militia bat the army and navy
of the United States in causing the laws
to be duly executed. The important pro
vision of the acts of 1792, 1795 and 1797,
modified in its terms from time to time to
adapt it to the existing emergency, re
mained in force until, by an act approved
by President Lincoln, July 29, 1861, it
was re enacted substantially in the same
language in Which it is found in the re
vised statutes, viz : Section 5,298. When
ever by reason of unlawful obstructions,
combinations or assemblages of persons in
rebellion against the authority of the Gov
ernment of the United States, it shall be
come impracticable, in the judgment of
the President, to enforce by the ordinary
course of judicial proceedings the laws of
the United States within any State or Ter
ritory it shall be lawful fcr the President
to call for the militia of any, or all the
States, and to employ such parts of the
land and naval forces of the United States
as he may deem necessary to enforce the
faithful execution of the laws of the Uni
ted States, or to suppress such rebellion
in what , rver State or Territory thereof
the laws of the United Stews may be for
cibly opposed, or the execution thereof
forcibly obstructed. This ancient and fun
damental law has been in force from the
foundation of Government.
It is now proposed it, abrogate it on cer
tain days and at certain places. In my
judgment no fact has been produced which
tends to show that it ought to be repealed
or suspended for a single hour at any place
in any of the States or Territories of the
Union. All the teachings of exper
ience in the course of our history are
in favor of sustaining its efficiency unim
paired. On every occasion when the au- 1
premacy of the Constitution has been re•
sisted and the perpetgity of our institutions
imperiled, the principle of this statute en
acted by the fathers has enabled the gov
ernment of the Union to maintain its au
thority and to preserve the integrity of the
nation. At the most critical period of our
history, my predecessors in the Executive
office have relied on this great principle.
It was on this principle that President
Washington suppressed the whisky rebel
lion in Pennsylvania in 1794. In 1806,
on the same principle President Jefferson
broke up the Burr conspiracy by issuing
orders for the employment of such force,
either of the regulars or of the militia, and
by such proceedings of the civil authorities
as might enable them to suppress effectual
ly the further progress of the enterprise;
and it was under the same authority that
President Jackson crushed nullification in
South Carolina, and President Lincoln is
sued his call for troops to save the Union
in 1861. On numerous other occasions of
less significance, under probably every ad
ministration, and certainly under the pres
ent, this power has been usefully exerted
to enforce the laws without objection by
any party in the country and almost with
out attracting public attention. The great
elementary constitutional principle which
was the foundation of the original statute
of 1792, and which has been its essence in
the various forms it has assumed since its
first adoption, is that the Government of
the United States possesses, tinder the Con •
stitution, in full measure, the power of self
protection by its own agencies, altogether
independent of State authority, and if need
be against the hostility of State Govern.
meats. It should remain embodied in our
statutes unimpaired,as it has been, from the
very origin of the Government. It should
be regarded as hardly less valuable or less
sacred than a provision of the Constitution
itself. There are many other important
statutes containing provisions that are lia
ble to be suspended or annulled at the time
and place of holding elections if the bill be
fore me should become a law. I do not
undertake to furnish a list of them. Many
of them, perhaps the most of them, have
been set forth in the debates on the meas
ure. They relate to extradition for crimes
against the election laws, to quarantine
regulations, to neutrality, to Indian reser
vations, to the civil rights of citizens, and
to other subjects. In regard to them all it
may be safely said that the meaning and ef
fect of this bill is to take from the General
'Government an important part of its power
to enforce the laws. Another grave objec
tion to the bill is its discrimination in favor
of the State and against the National au •
thority. The presence or employment of
the army or navy of the United States is
lawful under the terms of this bill at the
place where an election is being held in a
State,and to uphold the authority of a State
Government,then and there in need of such
military intervention, but unlawful to up
hold the authority of the Government of
the United States. Under this bill the
presence and employment of the army or
navy of the United States would be lawful
and might be necessary to maintain the
conduct of a State election against the do
mestic violence that would overthrow it,
but would be unlawful to maintain the
conduct of a national election against the
same local violence that would overthrow
it. This discrimination has never been at
tempted in any previous legislation by Con
gress, and is no more compatible with sound
principles of the Constitution, or necessary
maxims and methods of our system of gov
ernment on occasions of elections than at
other times. In the early legislation of
1792 and of 1795, by which the militia of
the States was the only military power re
sorted to for the execution of the constitu•
tional powers in support of State or Na
tional authority, both functions of the
Government were put upon the same foot
ing by the act of 1807. The employment
of the army and navy was authorized for
the performan ce of both constitutional du
ties in the same terms in all later statutes
on the same subject matter. The same
measure of authority to the Government
has been accorded for the performance of
both these duties. No precedent has been
found in any previous legislation, and no
sufficient reason has been given for the dis
crimination in favor of the State and
against the national authorities which this
bill contains. Under the sweeping terms
of the bill the National Government is ef
fectually shut out from the exercise of the
right and from the discharge of the im
perative duty to use its whole executive
power wherever and whenever required for
the enforcement of its laws. At all times
when its elections are held, the employ
ment of its organized armed forces for any
such purpose would be au offense against
the law, unless called for, by and therefore
upon permission, of the authorities of the
State in which the occasion arises. What
is this but the substitution of the discre
tion of the State Government for the dis
cretion of the Government of the United
States to the performance of its own du
ties? In my judgment this is an aban
donment of its obligations by the National
Government, a subordination of National
authority and an intrusion of State super
vis'on over National duties which amount
in spirit and tendency to State Supremacy.
Though I believe that the existing statutes
are abundantly adequate to completely pre
vent military interference with the elec
tion, in the sense in which the phrase is
used in the title of this bill and is employed
by the people of this country, I shall find
no difficulty in concurring in any additional
legislation limited to that object which
does not interfere with the indispensable
exercise of the powers of the Government
under the Constitution and the laws.
(Signed,) RUTHERFORD B. HAYES
Executive Mansion, May 12, 1879.
- .'.•••-• 41. --...-
Letter from Kansas.
MICHIGAN VALLEY, KAN ,
May 19th, 1879
EDITOR JoURNAL—Dear Sir : On the
4th of March, I left Broad Top, Pa., and
arrived at Ottawa, Kansas, March 7th, at
11 o'clock, a. m ; left Ottawa the next day
for Pomona, at which place we arrived by
noon the same day, and soon left, in a
farm wagon, for Michigan Valley,- Osage
'county, where lam now. On my arrival
I rented a farm, all furnished, and went to
work.
Oa leaving Pennsylvania, my relatives
and friends requested me to write, and
finding it impossible to address them in
dividually by letter, at this busy time of
the year, I take the opportunity of address
ing them through the columns of the
JOURNAL, `•the handsomest and best paper
in the county." . .
OSAGE COUNTY is situated in the eastern
part of Kan., and is bounded on the north
by Shawnee,on the east by Franklin, on the
south by Coffey, and on the west by Lyon
counties. The Marias des-cygnes river
passes thro' the southern part of the coun
ty ; Salt Creek is situated south of the cen
tre, and runs due east. Dragon north of
the centre, and 110 Creek rise in the north
ern part of the county, and flow southeast,
and from these rivers, creeks and their trib
utaries, the county is well watered.
SURFACE AND SOIL. —The surface is a
rolling prairie and the soil, in most parts, a
black loam, and is very productive, Lime
stone is found in abundance. Yellow ochre
is also found in great quantities.
COAL.—Underlays, 25 per cent. of the
surface veins from 14 to 28 inches; depth
below surface, sto 50 feet. The coal is of
a good quality.
TIMBER is found in belts along the
streams which furnish the farmers with
fencing and other timber most needed.
RAILROADS.—The Atchison, Topeka &
Santa Fe Railroad crosses the northern
line of the county, near the centre, and
passes in a southwest direction through
the county. The Lawrence & Southwest
ern Railroad crosses the county line in the
northeast corner, and intersects the A., T.
& S. F. R. R. at Carbondale.
TOWNS —Lyndon is the county-seat,
and is situated near the centre of the
county on Salt creek. Burlingame, Car
bondale, Osage City, and Scranton are all
coal towns, and are on the line of the A..
T. &S.F.R. R. They are also grain and
stock markets.
AGRICULTURE is to a great extent car
ried on with machinery.
CROPEL—For want of rain, wheat made
a bad appearance up to April 24th, when
raidcame. Since then it is growing fast,
and there will be still a reasonable crop.
The prospect for a summer crop is good.
There is a greater acreage of castor beans
being planted than ever before, in the
county. The castor bean is considered the
best paying crop that the farmer can raise.
They are planted and cultivated the same
as corn, but take a little more time in
gathering than corn. From 15 to 20
bushels per acre is the average. The
oorn crop is pretty generally in, and some
of it is up and growing finely.
The farmers in Osage county pay due
attention to fruit and timber raising, and
those who have been here long enough to
have good bearing orchards, have them.
The fruit crop will be short the coming
season oa account of the severe winter.
The peaches are entirely killed, apples
greatly injured, and small fruit, such as
the blackberry, raspberry, etc., are injured.
The grapes are not hart.
In conclusion, I will give the prices of
some of the farm products : Wheat, 85c ;
corn, 22c.; castor beans, $2; oats, 20c.; po
tatoes, 65c.; meat, 6c.; butter, 15c., and
eggs, 80. Respectfully, E. E. S.
HE was a very young man. A few stray
hßirs upon his lip attested the fact that he
was engaged in a deadly struggle with a
mustache. He went into a variety store
on Main street, and said to the proprietor ;
"Have you Charles Reade's 'Lost Heir ?'
"No, I haven't," replied the storekeeper,
"But," he continued, looking into the
young man's face, "I've got something
that will make that mustache of yours
start out like boils in Spring time."
AN old Baptist minister enforced the
necessity of difference of opinion by argu
ment : "Now, if everybody had been of
my opinion, they would all have wanted
my old woman." One of the deacons, who
sat just behind him, responded: "Yes,
and if everybody was of my opinion, no
body would have her."
Tire good Samaritan stopped at the
sound of woe ; so does a good horse.
cal Nistorg.
THE
OLD FOOT-PRINTS OF THE RECEDING RED RN,
AND THE
EMI' LAND-MARLS OY THE CO ING MITE lAN
WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
The Juniata Region.
BY PROF. A. L. GM, OF HUNTINGDON, PA
' Tis good to muse on Nations passed away
Forever from the land we call our Owe.
YAMOYDEN.
ARTICLE VII,
THE IDENTITY OF THE MASSAWOMEKS UN-
DETERMINED.
The interior tribes on the Upper Sus
quehanna, the Potomac, and their branches,
were, at that date, not exterminated. To
allow the Indians from the great water to
pass through their territory would show
that they were allied or tributary tribes.
It is not likely such relationship existed
between either the Erieq, Andastes, or the
Iroquois tribes, and the tribes intervening
between them and the Chesapeake Bay.
The subject is worthy of further Investi
gation.
THE IROQUOIS IN MARYLAND
The wars waged to the confines of Mary
land by the Iroquois from 1634 to 1644,
and against the Sasquehannocks in 1664
and wait, 1676, will be set forth at length
in subsequent chapters. In 1642' Mary
land, by proclamation of Gov. Calvert, de
clared them public enemies, because of
their depredations on the white people and
on the neighboring Indian . tribes. In
1661, by act of the Legislature, Maryland
aided their enemies, even garrisoning their
fort and supplying cannon, but by treaty
of 1674, they joined them in exterminattng
the Sasquehannocks; but again in 1682
called them to account for their depreda
tions, and made them pay an indemnity of
500 beavers.
THE IROQUOIS AS FOUND BY THE FRENCH
The period of the French discovery is
1535, and of their occupation of Canada is
1607. At the former date the Iroquois
were already driven up the river to Quebec.
They were then at war with the Adiron
dacks. The French took part with the
latter from the beginning, probably because
they were settled on their lands above
Three Rivers; and when Champlain visited
the country, he joined a party of the
Adirondacks against the Iroquois. and by
the use of fire arms, overcame them in
battle near Corlear lake, henceforth called
lake Champlain. This was in 1611, and
the first time the Nnhawka had seen the
effects of guns. After this they suffered
such repeated defeats at the hands of ene
mies, aided by the French, as to threaten
their extermination. In 1615 Champlain
headed an expedition of Hurons and
Adirondacks against the chief town of the
Onondagas. Brute went to the Susque
hanna for reinforcements, but not arriving
in time, Champlain was defeated, and be
ing wounded forced to retreat.
IROQUOIS FRIENDLY TO THE DUTCH AND
ENGLISH.
In 1615 the Dutch established a trading
post at Albany, where they built Fort
Orange in 1623, and their settlements
soon sprang up there and around New
York. They soon came in contact with
the Mohawks ; and at once made a treaty
with them and their allies, which lasted as
long as they held possession on the Hud
son, which was to 1664; and this league
of friendship was at once renewed by the
English. and was in this way extended to
all the English colonies.
THE DUTCH SELL THEM FIRE ARMS.
The trade in peltry, of the 'Dutch with
the Iroquois, was great, and friendly terms
sought after by both parties as advantageous.
In 1640 the Dutch began to sell the Mo
hawks firearms, which soon placed them
in a commanding position, and established
them in a career of conquest. This intro
duced a new era in Indian affairs. A spirt
of hatred to the French had been aroused
by the conduct of Champlain and others,
which continued to burn, and never was
totally overcome down to the days of the
final overthrow of the French power in
1760. Beyond doubt, the Iroquois League
was the means of destroying the con
templated French empire in America.
THEY VISIT VENGEANCE ON THEIR OLD
FOZS,
The war with the Adirondacks had been
carried on ever since the French settle
ment ; and on their first consciousness of
superior power, the Iroquois visited their
long cherished resentment upon their
hereditary foes. This war lasted alto
gether some fifty years, and resulted in
their almost total extermination. The
Iroquois neutralized the French by pre
tending to embrace Catholicism, and getting
a number of priests among them, of whom
they made prisoners, bolding them as
hostages fir the good conduct of th•
French, while they met the Adirondacks
on an equal footing and destroyed them.
ETERNAL ENMITY TO THE FRENCH
The geographical position of the Iro
quois, made them umpires of the contests
between the French and English in their
contest for the dominion of the Great
West. The aid which the French ren
dered the enemies of the Iroquois made
them their enemies forever. The first act
led to other acts at various periods, which
kept alive the old enmity. After one
hundred and fifty years, in spite of all the
insidious labors of the French Jesuits,
during the intervals of peace, the Iroquois
antipathy to the French was as implacable
as ever—a fact that was of immense value
to the first settlers in the Juniata region
during the French and Indian war of 1754
to 1762. It is true the French Jesuits
did convert a few Iroquois, such as are
known as the Cc:line:l:vas, who settled
within their domains. These, and a few
others, did aid the French, but they made
DO perceptible influence on them as a na
tion. The great body of them were the
born enemies of the French.
COLONIZATION SCHEIictE OF THE FRENCH
SUBVERTED.
The French had formed a grand scheme
for empire in this western world, extend
ing from the St. Lawrence and the Lakes,
down the branches of the Mississippi to
New Orleans. That we are not to-day
part of this magnificent empire, under the
control of the French and their religion,
is owing to the people of the Long House
—a fact that should ever interest us in
their history. From the time of their ac
quisition of fire-arms, to the year 1700,
they were in the zenith of their career as
a military power. During this period,
they were in almost constant warfare with
the French. The intervals can at best be
only regarded as clever armistices, daring
which they waged wars on the kindred
tribes.
FRENCH EFFORTS TO CONQUER THE IRO
QUOIS.
French expeditions to reduce them
failed in 1665, and again in 1684. In
1687 they were more successful on the
Senecas; but their devastations were re
taliated by the Iroquois that same fall, near
Montreal and Frontinao, and the next year
at Montreal again, killing 1,000 persons,
and taking 200 prisoners. It is said that
had they known how to besiege forte, they
Night at this time have exterminated the
French from all Canada. An expedition
against the Mohawks, in 1692, took three
towns and 300 prisoners; and another
against the Oneidas and Onondagas, in
1696, destroyed incredibly large quantities
of corn, Shortly after this a peace was
effected, which lasted until 1755. During
this period, great efforts were made by
both French and English to obtain and
retain their friendship.
NATIVE WARSINTERMINABLE.
Incessant strife and interminable wars
were in progress among the natives, when
the white man first came among them. It
seems unnatural to say war was their nor
mal condition, but certainly it was an ac
quired habit having the force of second
nature. They were like Daniel Boone,
they would "sooner hunt Nina than any
other varmints in the forest." In this re
spect the superior civilization of the Iro•
quois had made no improvement upon
them. They were, if possible, more ag
gressive and blood-thirsty.
While the century from 1630 to 1700
was largely taken up in wars with the
French, they were at the same time waging
almost constant wars upon the other tribes
in every direction. Those tribes which
were of their own kindred blood, and spoke
dialects of the same language, were es
pecially the objects of their vengeance or
ambition. All such tribes were extirpated,
or nearly so. The Tuscaroras were the
most southern member of the Huron-Iro
quois family, and of all these branches,
alone seem to have escaped war with th
confederated Iroquois. Perhaps the rea
son why these tribes fell under the aggres
sive hand of the Iroquois, was because they
were territorially located, so as to be the
first objects to be removed, in their scheme
for the extension of their domains and the
assimilation of all the other tribes to the
rule of the Hodenosaunee.
KINDRED TRIBIS
Though the Iroquois tribes seem not at
first to have been able to cope with their
enemies, and were driven from the St.
Lawrence to the Lakes, yet by the forma
ticn of the League, and by the cultivation
of valor and union, they became not only
superior to the Algonquin tribes, and made
fearful havoc among them, wherever they
came in contact with them, but they also
became the conquerors of the several tribes
of their own family not included in the
confederacy. The Ancient Fries were ex
tirpated in 1643. The Neuter nation was
destroyed in 1653. The Ancient Barons
were devastated in 1670. The B=que
hannocks were overthrown in 1677. The
Tionnontates were over run, sad a,rensnant
adopted, while another portion 9bd beyond
Lake Superior,
beyond the Chippawas
from which, in 1771, they were driven by
the Sioux ; and then, making a home near
Detroit, spread as subjects of the Iroquois,
south of Lake Erie towards western New
York, exercising a mysterious influence
over the Algonquins of the lakes, and were
known to na again at a later period (1755)
as the Wyandotte. During the three
quarters of a century, from 1615 to 1690,
they also exterminated quite a number of
Huron Iroquois tribes south of their resi
deuce in New York, depopulating the
whole interior region 'of the Ap fan
chain of mountains, as far sentr i e s : li the
Tuscaroras, the Catawbas, and the Chero
kees. Among these were th . ; -Andastes,
the Carantowanais, the Scahentoar-roona,
the Onejutta i llaga and a number of na-
dons in Virgint t. —
These sonqueeisi - $o be
further noticed hereafter were perhaps the
results of jealousy, bred by their iisereas•
'rug power.
ALGONQUIN TRIBES SUBDUED.
Duriog this period the Iroquois ex
tended their conquests to the Lenni Lenape
tribes on the Hudson and on the Delaware,
and carried their arms southward to the
Nanticokes and other Algotribes,
even as far as the Catawba* an i rkorokees.
Some they made tributary, like tika„!Dela
wares; some lyere driven away i i ti) others
they assigned certain territOry",, Some
places they established colonies ;Ind some
places they stationed chiefs to tenperistend
and enforce their requiremeete. 141671,
they invaded and over-ran northern New
England in the interest of the English
colonists, breaking the power of the Pe
quods and Narragansetts. • The cry of Mo
hawk, among these tribes, was enflicient to
make them scatter geed flee cook she hills,
like sheep before a pack of wokegi. Noth
ing can exceed the dismay among the
tribes, produced by the pre&ence of the
Iroquois. King Philip tried in vain to
secure their aid in his wars. Their wars
upon the Adirondack, have been already
spoken of; and their reduetiesuf the Del
awares to the condition of "women" will
be considered presently.
CONQUESTS DOWN THE 61110 TO MISSIi-
STPPI.
Soon after the conquest of the tribes
near them and south of them, the Iroquois
extended their conquests down the Ohio
river. They laid it waste, so that not a
tribe dwelt upon its basks. In 1661 they
waged war on the Foxes and Illinois„"kiii
ing a considerable number of them.` This
continued during the sueeeeding nritnber
of years they forced there to abandon
their country." For three pears preceding
1681, they again carried on these wars,
and their victories made them so insolent
that a Frcmch writer•says, "they have con
tinued ever since rtilt — tililfr to send out
divers war parties, whose stowed is not
yet known, but it is not doubted that they
have been successful, because those tribes
are very warlike, and the Illinois are but
indifferently so."
OPINIONS OP EARLY FRENCH WRITERS.
In 1683, La Honten says: "These bar
barians are drawn np in fire cantons, not
unlike those of the Swisses. Though these
cantons are all one nation, and united in
one joint interest, yet they gcs by different
names, viz : The Sonontanims, the Goyo
goans, the Onnoutagues, the Oenoyouts
and the Agnies. Their language is al
most the same; and the five villages or
plantations, in which they live, lie at the
distance of 30 leagues from one another,
being all seated near the south side of
Lake Ontario, or Froutinac. Every year
the five cantons send deputies to ambit at
the Union Feast, and to smoke the great
Calumet or pipe of the Five Nations.
Each village or canton contains about
14,000 souls, viz : 1,500 that bear arms,
2,000 superannuated men, and 4,000 chil•
dren."
(To td Corstisalwd.)
NO. 21.